TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS

European Convention of Nationality 1997, Article 7(1) b :-

1. Article 7 – Loss of nationality ex lege or at the initiative of a State Party
58. Article 7 consists of an exhaustive list of cases where nationality may be lost automatically
by operation of law (ex lege) or at the initiative of a State Party. In these nationality. The
provision is formulated in a negative way in order to emphasise that the automatic loss of
nationality or a loss of nationality at the initiative of a State Party cannot take place unless it
concerns one of the cases provided for under this article. However, a State Party may allow
persons to retain its nationality even in such cases. Article 7 does not refer to cases in which
there have been administrative errors which are not considered in the country in question to
constitute cases of loss of nationality.
Paragraph 1
Sub-paragraph b
61. Fraudulent conduct, false information or concealment of any relevant fact has to be the result
of a deliberate act or omission by the applicant which was a significant factor in the acquisition
of nationality. For example, if a person acquires the nationality of the State Party on condition
that the nationality of origin would subsequently be renounced and the person voluntarily did not
do so, the State Party would be entitled to provide for the loss of its nationality. Moreover, for
the purpose of this Convention, “concealment of any relevant fact” means concealment of a
relevant condition which would prevent the acquisition of nationality by the person concerned
(such as bigamy). “Relevant” in this context refers to facts (such as concealment of another
nationality, or concealment of a conviction for a serious offence) which, had they been known
before the nationality was granted, would have resulted in a decision refusing to grant such
nationality.
62. The wording of this sub-paragraph is also intended to cover the acquisition of nationality by
false pretences (false or incomplete information or other deceitful action, notably by means of
non-authentic or untrue certificates), threats, bribery and other similar dishonest actions.
63. In cases where the acquisition of nationality has been the result of the improper conduct
specified in sub-paragraph b, States are free either to revoke the nationality (loss) or to consider
that the person never acquired their nationality (void ab initio).

2. Convention on reduction of statelessness 1963, Article 7 (1) a

Article 7
1.(a) If the law of a Contracting State permits renunciation of nationality, such renunciation shall
not result in loss of nationality unless the person concerned possesses or acquires another
nationality.
(b) The provisions of sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph shall not apply where their application
would be inconsistent with the principles stated in Articles 13 and l4 of the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights approved on 10 December 1948 by the General Assembly of the
United Nations.

3. Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 14 June 1992.

Principle 2
PRINCIPLE 2
States have, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of
international law, the sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own
environmental and developmental policies, and the responsibility to ensure that activities within
their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas
beyond the limits of national jurisdiction.

4. Article 2(4) of the UN Charter13

Article 2(1)–(5)
“The Organization and its Members, in pursuit of the Purposes stated in Article 1, shall act in
accordance with the following Principles.
1. The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members.
2. All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from
membership, shall fulfil in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the
present Charter.
3. All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that
international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered.
4. All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against
the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent
with the Purposes of the United Nations.

5. United Nations General Assembly, Article-1

Article 1
The Purposes of the United Nations are:
1. To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective
measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of
acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and
in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of
international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace;
2. To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights
and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen
universal peace;
3. To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic,
social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for
human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex,
language, or religion; and
4. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common
ends.

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