Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Stroke
Achmad
Firdaus
Sani
Neurologist
&
Interven0onal
Neurologist
Department
of
Neurology
Airlangga
University-‐
Dr.
Soetomo
General
Hospital
Surabaya
Stroke
87
%
13
%
InfarcDon
Hemorrhagic
:
ThromboDc
Embolic
SAH
Hipoperfusion
3
%
ICH
10%
Aneurysmal
Hipertensive
AVM
AVM
Others
Aneurysm
Amyloid
Angiopathy
Others
2
CirculaAon.
2013;127:e6-‐e245
Stroke
• DefiniDon
(WHO)
:
“rapidly
developing
clinical
signs
of
focal
(or
global)
disturbance
of
cerebral
funcAon,
with
symptoms
lasAng
24
hours
or
longer
or
leading
to
death,
with
no
apparent
cause
other
than
of
vascular
origin”.
• Transient
ischemic
aRack
(TIA),
defined
to
last
less
than
24
hours
• PaDents
with
stroke
symptoms
caused
by
subdural
hemorrhage,
tumors,
poisoning,
or
trauma
are
excluded.
WHO
MONICA
Project
InvesDgators.
The
World
Health
OrganizaDon
MONICA
Project
(Monitoring
trends
and
determinants
in
cardiovascular
disease).
J
Clin
Epidemiol
41,
105-‐114.
1988
Neurointervensi
Indonesia
Hyperdens
Hypodens
Isodens
SAH
Intra
Cerebral
Hemorrhage
Intracerebral
Hemorrhage
• 10-‐15%
of
all
strokes
• Common
in
men,
blacks,
Asian
descent
• USA
:
38-‐50%
die
EDology
ICH
• Structural
factors
:
lesion
or
malformaDons
of
the
cerebral
blood
vessels
– AVM
– Aneurysm
– Dural
arteriovenous
fistula
– Hemorrhagic
transformaDon
of
infarcDon
– Arterial
dissecDon
– CaroDcocavernous
fistula
– Venous
thrombosis
– Amyloid
Angiopathy
– Etc.
• Haemodynamic
factors
– Arterial
Hypertension,
acute
ot
chronic
• HaemostaDc
factors
– AnDcoagulant
– AnDplatelet
drugs
– ThrombolyDc
treatment
– Clo`ng
factor
deficiency
– Leukemia
&
thrombocitopenia
• Other
factors
– Cerebral
tumours
– Alcohol
– Amphetamines
– Cocain
and
other
drugs
– VasculiDs
– Trauma
Diagnosis
• History
• ExaminaDon
• Laboratory
test
• Imaging
studies
– CT
scan
– MRI
• Angiography
– CT
angiography
– MR
angiography
– Catheter
Angiography
(DSA)
Treatment
• IniDal
Management
(ABC)
• Breath
– IntubaDon
indicated
for
• Blood
insuficient
venDlaDon
(PO2<60,
PCO2>50)
• Brain
• Blood
Pressure
RegulaDon
• Bladder
• Intracranial
Pressure
(ICP)
• Bowel
• Fluid
Management
and
• Bone
and
Skin
NutriDon
• AnDconvulsant
• PneumaDc
device
• Treat
the
eDology
Brain
AutoregulaDon
Autoregula+on
The
tendency
of
the
blood
flow
to
an
organ
or
part
to
remain
at
or
return
to
the
same
level
despite
changes
in
the
pressure
in
the
artery
that
conveys
blood
to
it.