Florentine Codex

C T
< the Thing*
N ' " " S P A I N

General History of the ^

FRAY B E R N A R D ^ 0 D E S A
 JSookō
Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy
T r a n s l a t e d from the Aztec, with notes and illustrations

By

CHARLES E . DIBBLE ARTHUR J . O . ANDERSON

U N I V E R S I T Y OF U T A H SCHOOL OF AMERICAN RESEARCH

IN THIRTEEN PARTS

PART VII

Chapter heading designs are from the Codex

Published by

The School of American Research and The University of Utah

Monographs of the School of American Research

Santa Fe, N e w Mexico

1969

Number 14, Part V I I

 Coi'YRKiH'l 1969
THE UN/vi rsity 01 UTAH
AH Rights Reserved

First paperback edition 2012

isbn: 978-1-60781-161 -9 (BOOK »

ISBN: 978-1-60781-192-3 (*frr)

Publubtd dud distributed by

The University of L rah Press
Salt Lake Cicy; L*rah
 Grants by the National Scicnce Foundation to Charles

E. Dibble and awards to Arthur J. O. Anderson by the

John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation have been

of great benefit and help in their work on this and other

Books of Sahagun's General History. The translators are

deeply indebted to both these Foundations.

 CONTENTS

W E R E T H E I R ' A N D HOW
G O D S

1 H E Y MADE FORMAL CONVERSATION

T H R O U G H W H I C H T H E Y DISPLAYED '
R H E T O R I C A N D M O R A L PHIL-
O S O P H Y , AS IS E V I D E N T
IN T H E DISCOURSES

Page
First Chapter. Here the told the words which truly issued from their
hearts when they spoke, at the time that they supplicated him who
was their principal god, the one [who was] Tezcatlipoca, or Titla-
cauan, or Yaotl, at the time that a plague prevailed, that he might
destroy it j
Second Chapter. Here are related the words which truly issued from their
hearts as they prayed to Tezcatlipoca, whom they named the night, the
wind, as they asked riches, so that they would not be poor 7

Third Chapter. Here are related the words which they uttered from their
very hearts as they prayed to Tezcatlipoca, whom they named Yaotl,
Necoc yaotl, Monenequi, to request aid when war was waged 11
Fourth Chapter. Here are related the words which came from their very
hearts when they prayed to Tezcatlipoca, whom they named creator
of men, knower of men, seer into men's hearts and men's thoughts, as
they asked help in behalf of the ruler who had been installed, who
had been chosen, in order that he might exercise well the office of
ruler - 17
Fifth Chapter. Here are related the words with which they prayed to
Tezcatlipoca, whom they called Titlacauan, Moquequeloa, when the
ruler died, in order that another be installed 21
Sixth Chapter. Here are related the words which, from their very hearts,
they prayed to Tezcatlipoca, to request that the ruler who performed
his office badly might die - 25

Seventh Chapter. Here is related the confession which they said or per-
formed when they still practised idolatry 29

Eighth Chapter. Here are told the words which they uttered from their
very hearts when they prayed to Tlaloc, to whom they attributed the ^
rain ,
Ninth Chapter. Here are told the words which the ruler spoke when he
had been installed as ruler, to entreat Tezcatlipoca because of haying
ir^stalled him as ruler, and to ask his help and his revelation, that [the ^
ruler 1 might fulfill his mission j "
TVnrh Chanter Here are told the words with which they greeted and
^ t h w l t h e y prayed to the ruler after he had been installed 47
 Peg'

"when & ft* a r t ' , t 0 l d t h c W O r d s w h i c h mother d.gn.tary said

wh^h hr m f W h c n h c rCPlicd th < first prayed, in

bein J J u S T I ' 6 t H c ' 0 y a J J f h e r u l c r ' s c o m m o n people over his

hv/L 1 ' m W h i c h , l c manifested how they wished that he

five a very long hfe, that he be very illustrious . 57

Twelfth Chapter. Here is told thc manner in which the ruler r e s p o n d e d

<> reply to ius noblemen, his dignitaries in order to humble hiniseii ^
and in order to thank them
Thirteenth Chapter. Here are told the words with which still a n o t h e r &

person prayed, with which he replied, when the ruler did not s p «
Fourteenth Chapter. Here is told a long discourse with which the^ruler
admonished all the inhabitants of the citv when hc spoke for 67
time
Fifteenth Chapter. Here it is told how, when the r u l e r had *ty
other dignitary stood up, who admonished thc inhabitants o 79
in thc presence of the ruler - - ,
Sixteenth Chapter. Here is told how another elderly dignitary, well •si i
in speech, re plied in order to respond for the city, and to show pic ^
for thc discourse of the ruler, and to make clear how to do, no g3

realize all which die ruler had said, had stated "
Seventeenth Chapter. Here is related a very good discourse of admoni-
tion, which served as rules of conduct, with which the ruler advisea
his sons

Eighteenth Chapter. Here it is related how the rulers admonished their

daughters when they hail already reached the age of discretion 93
Nineteenth Chapter. Here it is told how, when the father had spoken, die
mother then replied 99
I u enficrh (Chapter. Here is told the manner of the discourse of the father,
ruler or nobleman, with which he admonished his son that he should
look to the humble life, to the bowing, to the knowledge of one's self
in order to be pleasing to the gods and to man 105

I vvrmy-Hrst Chapter. Here is told the discourse, the manner in which the
father, ruler or nobleman, exhorted his son in order to provoke W m t

C
T " K r d o r ? u ? ^ o 1 B
T ^ * * * i ^ - Pubilc;

121
^ e f c ^ - *< ^ natlvcs ~ —
127
Twenty-fourth Chapter. Here is told that which the natives did to i n f o r m
their daughter when already she was pregnant
135
Twenty-fifth Chapter. Here are told the words of greeting w i t h w h i c h
they greeted or with which they exhorted the pregnant o n e ; w i t h
which the youth s parents admonished her
141
 y m me seventh or eighth month, the mothers the fathers of the

onc;s k i n s m c n ; a n j ^
out W M m r i S U , U t l o n a s 10 » » midwife to be sought
149

T T v o u t h n oh C h a p f , ne, k is t 0 l d h 0 W an old w o m a n relative of

J e a t e T rhe T ^ [°ld W ° m m ] r d a r i v e s o f * * girl advised, en-

S r in h T C ^ r eCC1Ve t h e P r e 8 n a n t W O m a n w h o m they had

L
discourse ^ W t h e m i d w i f e r e P l i e d a s s h e received the

Twenty-eighth Chapter. Here are told the different things which the
m i d w i f e d i d when the pregnant one was ready, when she was about
to give birth, in order that she would not suffer; and the different
kinds of medicine she gave her when she could not give birth 159
Twenty-ninth Chapter. Here it is told how they made goddesses of those
women who died in childbirth, called mociuaquetzque 161
Thirtieth Chapter. Here it is told how the midwife exhorted the baby
who had been born, and what she said to it: all the loving words 167
Thirty-first Chapter. Here are told the words which the midwife said to
the baby boy when she cut the umbilical cord 171
[Thirty-second] Chapter. Here it is told how the midwife, when she had
cut the baby's umbilical cord, then bathed him; and how babies were
bathed; and that which the midwife said as she bathed the baby, as she
prayed to the goddess to whom they ascribed the water, whose name
was Chalchiuhtli icue 175
Thirty-third Chapter. Here are told the words which the midwife said to
exhort the newly-delivered one, and how the kinsmen of the newly-
delivered one prayed to exhort the midwife because of her travail
which she had been through; and that which she said to the newly-
delivered one
Thirty-fourth Chapter. Here it is told how the rulers, the noblemen, or
the merchants exhorted one another in behalf of the first child who
was born, and the manner in which they clothed their sons 183

Thirty-fifth Chapter. Here are told the words which the ambassadors of
the rulers of the [neighboring] cities said to entreat, to greet the babies
and their fathers, their mothers; and how they were answered W
Thirty-sixth Chapter. Here it is told how the fathers, the mothers sum-
moned the soothsayers, the wise men, in order that they tell of what
™ t the day was when the baby was born; they studied the kind of day ^
on which he was born
Thirty seventh Chapter. Here is told the second [element] in the bathing
of "the babies, and that which was done when a name was given the
baby, and the manner of eating, of banqueting -
Thirty-eighth Chapter. H « « ^

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 205
said
 ^ C e d S S e r b o ^ e L d U h } d h,°W t h f ™othcrS ^ fathcrS

they were alr^Hv " J t h c & r h w o u l d ^vc in the calmecac when _

tney were already partly grown, already somewhat experienced 209

me? " C r C I 15 f, 0ld h ° W mothers, the fathers, the k i n .

fctodua S . T u * ? , d W O m e n assembled when it was time to
introduce [their chiidren] into the calmecac - - 213

FOr2h\rh\uh?fJ- ? r r e are toId some ot the sayings called adages

which they told and [still] tell ... - -

Forty-second Chapter. Here are told some riddles, the socalled "what- ^
W l t h w h l c h riddles are made as if they were mysteries -
Forty-third Chapter. Here are told some of the figures of speech c ^ c
metaphors, which are subtle expressions; and their i n t e r p r e t a t i o ^
their explanations "
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
B O O K VI
following page 160
Pages from Florentine Codex (Chapters 10, 20 and 23)

1. The prayer to Tezcatlipoca (Chapter 1).

2 . T h o s e who sleep destitute (Chapter 2 ) .

3. T h e prayer to Tezcatlipoca (Chapter 2 ) .

4 . W a r r i o r s who honor Tezcatlipoca (Chapter 3 ) .

5. Prayer to Tezcatlipoca for the new ruler (Chapter 4 ) .

6. 7. T h e penitent (Chapter 7 ) .

8. T h e precipice and the torrent (Chapter 7 ) .

9. W o m e n before Tla<;oIteotl (Chapter 7 ) .

10, 11. T h e prayer to Tlaloc (Chapter 8 ) .

12. T h e new ruler gives thanks to Tezcatlipoca (Chapter 9 ) .

13. T h e ruler with the cleansing water (Chapter 9 ) .

14. T h e orator replies to the ruler (Chapter 12).

I*). T h e ruler exhorts the people (Chapter 14).

16. A nobleman exhorts the people in the presence

of the ruler (Chapter 15).

17. T h e ruler exhorts the youth (Chapter 17).

18. T h e ruler exhorts the maiden (Chapter 18).

19. T h e mother exhorts the maiden (Chapter 19).

20. T h e father exhorts his son (Chapter 2 0 ) .

21. T h e arranging of the marriage (Chapter 2 3 ) .

22. Advising the pregnant bride (Chapter 2 4 ) .

23. T h e pregnant one responds to the orators (Chapter 2 5 ) .

24. 25. T h e midwife massages the pregnant one

(Chapter 27).
26. T h e enclosing of the woman who dies in childbirth
(Chapter 2 9 ) .
27. T h e midwife addresses the baby (Chapter 3 0 ) .
28. T h e parents of the child consult the soothsayer
(Chapter 3 6 ) .

29. T h e bathing of the boy (Chapter 3 7 ) .

30. T h e symbols of womanhood (Chapter 3 7 )
31. T h e placing of the baby in the cradle (Chapter 3 8 ) .

3 2 . A fool (Chapter 4 1 ) .
33. H e can achieve 400 (Chapter 4 1 ) .

34. It is really my arrow (Chapter 4 1 ) .

35. H e is poor and needy on earth (Chapter 4 1 ) ,

36. My task is to guard turkeys (Chapter 4 1 ) .

37. I have yet a day (Chapter 4 1 ) .
38. Thanks to another I scavcnge (Chapter 4 1 ) .
39. A face of glory (Chapter 4 1 ) .
40. Living is not with the puor (Chapter 4 1 ) .
41. Already in another's enclosure (Chapter 4 3 ) .
42. Disheveled (Chapter 4 3 ) .
43. The torch, the wide mirror (Chapter 43).
44. Drivel, slaver (Chapter 4 3 ) .
45. Thou goest panting (Chapter 4 3 ) .
4o. Thou hast made thyself into a rabbit (Chapter 4 3 ) .
47. Peaceful rule, peaceful governing (Chapter 4 3 ) .
48. Heart, blood (Chapter 4 3 ) .
49 The current has carried away the rock (Chapter 4 3 ) .
50. The twigs, the straw beds (Chapter 4 3 ) .
51. T o my left, in my obsidian sandals, including Spanish
text and ornamental design (Chapter 43, fbl. 2 1 4 * ) .
52. The heavens open (Chapter 4 3 ) .
 Dedicatory page following Sumario del libro sesto
in the Florentine Codex

Integerrimo Patri Fratri Roderico de sequera, generali comjssario omnjum

o c c i d e n t a l orbis terrarum, vno dempto Peru. Frater Bernardinus de sahagun,
vtraq[ue] felicitatem optat.

Habes hie admodum obseruande pater, opus regio conspectu dignum: quod
qujdem acerrimo, ac diutino marte comparatum est: cujus sextus liber hie est:
sunt et alij sex post hunc: quj omnes duodenarium numerum complent. In
quatuor volumjna congesti. Hie sextus omnjum maior, cum corpore turn vi:
grandi tripudio iubilat: te sibi ac fratribus sujs, tantum inuenjsse patrem: vt
pote nullatenus dubitans, tujs auspicijs ad summam felicitatem vna cum fratri-
bus peruenjsse. vale, et vbiq[ue] prosperrime agas, vehementer affecto.
BOOK SIX-RHETORIC AND MORAL PHILOSOPHY

Libro scsto, dc la Rcthorica,

y philosophia moral, y thcologia:
dc la gcntc mcxicana: donde
ay cosas muy curiosas tocan
tcs a los primorcs dc su lcn
gua: y cosas muy deli
cadas toe antes, a
las virtudes mo
rales.
 de la Rethorica y philosophic moral
HERE BEGINNETH THF ctytt^ t^
WHICH ARE
OF PRAYER W I T H W F F L F F L T O P S N
TO THOSE W H O WERE T W I O RN^N
HOW T H E Y
^ O EF /O TRJ M™OA LS
MAHP ? ? D S ; A N D
R R
H
HOOW
W T
THH EE Y
Y' MADE CONVERSA
• THROĪJOW w u r , ^ . . ^ ™ - l o n ^ T r ' I N ' C QUJMATIA RE-
L A T 0 V A I A
™ T O ~ ™ T H E Y S A Y E D I 0 A N I N PHILOSOPHIA MORAL:
RHETORIC A N D MORAL PHILOSOPHY a c IN J U H NEZTICA IN JPAN T L A T O L L I .
IS E V I D E N T I N T H E D I S C O U R S E S f '

First Chapter. Here are told the words which

truly issued from their hearts when they spoke, at
the time that they supplicated him who was their
principal god, the one [who was] Tezcatlipoca, or
Titlacauan, 2 or Yaotl, 8 at the time that a plague pre-
vailed, that he might destroy it. Those who so prayed
were the priests who were their guardians of the
gods. T h e y acknowledged that he was the all-power-
ful, the invisible, the untouchable one. Highly admir-
able are the figures of speech, the metaphors.
Thus did they speak:
" O master, O our lord, O lord of the near, of the
nigh, 4 O night, O wind, 5 now in truth I come to
appear before thee, to reach thee. Before thee I come
jumping over ridges, I come sidling up*1— I who am
a commoner, unrighteous, evil. Let me not meet thy
Ic ce capitulo, vncan mjtoa: in datolli in vel in-
jollo intech quj^aia: in qujtoaia: in jquac qujda-
tlauhtiaia, in vei inteuuh catca, in iehoatl tezcatli-
puca: ano^o tidacaoa: ano£oiaotl: in jquac cocoliz-
tli momanaia, injc qujpopoloz. Iehoantin ic tlatla-
tlauhtiaia in tlenamacaque, in jnteupixcaoa catca:
iuh quimocujtiaia in ca ixquich iveli, amo ittalonj,
amo matoconj: cenca mavi^auhquj in machiotlatolli
in metaphoras:
ynjc tlatoaia.
Tlacade totecue, doquee, naoaquee, iooalle, ehe-
catle: a ca nelle ca axcan, mjxpantzinco njqujztiujtz,
mjxpantzinco nacitiujtz, mjxpantzinco njtlacueiac-
xolujtiujtz, njtlaviltectiujtz: in njmaceoalli ananj-
qualli, in ājiectli, ama^o melleltzin, mafo mo^omal-

1 Extreme formality floridness, ceremoniousness, effectiveness in command of figures of speech and recourse to parallelism, balance, and
repetitions in most of the first forty chapters contrast with the colloquialisms found in the last three chapters. Book VI, then, represents mosdy
the prayers, discourses, exhortations of the high levels of society. In translating, we have attempted a rational compromise between Iiteralness and
looseness F o r ' t h e most part, the constandy used forms called "reverent,al" by the ancient grammarians have been .gnored unless the context
suggested oXrwL and ^ r a b v e or explanatory passages in the present tense in the original have in translation often been put in the past

tense for easier reading. Tezcatliooca- meaning doubtful. " A quel cuyos esclavos somos" (ti-tlacahuani) is suggested by Angel
M a r t ^ ^ b z y ^ . i ^ l J a v ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ (sccond edition; Mexico: Editorial Porrrfa, S. A., 1961; henceforth referred to as Caribay, L W ) . p. 3 0 ,

3. " E n e m y , " one of the names given the god ^ ^ ^ (Mcxic0: ^ ^ Pornia, S. A., 1954; henceforth referred
4. Tloque nauaque. Angel Maria GariDay is... m * ^ ^ ^ ^ drcunioquio: el ducūo del cerca y del junto, o
to as Garibay, Historia), Vol. II, p. 4 0 8 : d&anmo en q * al cwd todo est6. Se refiere al Sol, a la Tierra, etc., pero es especial desig-
sea. mds cercano a nuestra m entail dad; el que estā /unto y, ^ designar a Dios." Cf. also Miguel Le6n-PortiIla: La fihsofia
naciSn del numen en general. Por esto los mistoneros a veees ^ ^ Monograf{a 10 (third edition; Mexico: Universidad Nacional Aut6-
ndhuatl, Instituto de Investigaciones Histōricas, bene ae
noma de Mexico, 1966), p. 3 9 2 . . Diirasismo aplicado a la divinidad suprema" (ibid., p. 396). As Tezcatlipoca,
5. Youalli, ehecatl. "Noche, viento: invisible, impalpable. UtF
vide intra, Chap. 43. _ . ... ,u]cn va saltando camellones. o andando de lado." A similar passage
< ^ ,• q . K rrxt. "sera la manera de mj hablar, como qujen i s d real presencia
6.Corresponding Spanish text. " s c r a , d rana,. in Garibay, Histona, Vol. I, p.
in Chap. 10 equates njtlacueiacxolhvia with yendo a salt
Umeroso de haber ido como rana, a saltos.
 ,n ^
in

annoyance, thy wrath. And do thou dispose as thou iz.ui, ipdj»

tzin, ipan nja: —
auk mano^o* . . . -ocean, - \t^'^c*
wilt dispose. In truth now thou inclincst thy heart,7 toconmonequjltiz: a ca ncUc
^ /-1 n r l l C
^
a*^' .
^ ^
thou disposest. And it was ordained above us, it was moiollotzin, ca ucmoncq^ 1 - j l u j c £ > £ ^
arranged in the land of the dead,8 in the heavens, topan, ca oiocoloc - mjedan. ^ ^ jn

that we have been forsaken. In truth now thy annoy- oaloque, a ca ndlc axcan ^ u t ioq
ance, thy anger, descendeth; it gathereth; thou who mclcltzin, in ^ q u a l a n ^ . ^ q U ^ l * *
art the lord of the near, of die nigh. Castigation,9 que: - « r ^ S l * ® ** i c iauh, ca
pestilence10 grow; they increase. For the plague is tcmuxtli, in ehecatl ; ^ * ^
reaching the earth.
"O master, O our lord, truly now already the com-
mon folk go; they already perish. Already there is
havoc, already the common folk, the vassals,11 arc
ri e teinj in pi' f t3pal^
u ca i •
destroyed. Already the babies, the children are [as
if] crushed, shattered. They are those who know machitia in . I d ^ " J - ^ S S * i n ^ l i "
nothing, those who pile up earth [and] potsherds; ca, in qua")' ^ a l l i . , „ j.olloco oqu.chth,
those on the ground, who lie on the board, stretched
out on the board. For already are destroyed the
i0jiolloco .lap»'""'
infants,12 the eagle-warriors, the ocelot-warriors, the motcpetzin.
old men, the old women, the middle-aged women,
the middle-aged men, die mature unmarried men.
- . Joqucc, naoacaic: ca ic quj-
:
For already thy city is destroyed.13
Tlacatlc ^ ' f ^ ^ b t i a , ca K qujmocujlto-
"O master, O our lord, O lord of the near, of the
timaloa, ca ,c in quavitj, in ted in
nigh, indeed thy wrath, thy anger, already takcth
noa: auh ca in nclli mach m
glory, enjoyeth, taketh pleasure, delighteth in the
ra<lcLaahtoc: in jtcch ricmodalilia, in
castigation. It is absolutely true that there remainerh
placed, implanted, pestilence upon [thy people] popocatoc, j n j c ipan ticmopixaluja, in
even as thou sprinklest, scatterest, the dew of the itCCh Trtzctia
t,C in acatl in aoachio: auh :njc
reed upon them. And so thou castigatest them with jpan ticmotzctzclvia. tzitzicazili in
itech ticmopachiluja, in au cctcv,
icy water, with nettles, with curved fangs.1 r>
^ T u h ' . ^ n e l i c axcan, tlacatk t(Xccu)Oc: looallc, ehe-
"And here, in truth, now, O master, O our lord,
O night, O wind, O Moyocoyatzin,16 O Titlacauan, catle, moiocoiatzinc, ritlacaoanc: quen qujncquj in

fol. 115*, gives: "o/or^ar o conceder algo. Cf. also A n d r e s nc uiiuu»

Cf. Garibay Historia, Vol. I, p. 195, for an extended discussion. The phrase rn topan fa « * * . a h o d e * g n a « ~the o l h e r « 6 e . A c bcyoad
See Le<Sn-PortiIIa, dr., pp. 327, 394. 1

9. m quaujtl, in tetl: quauiil, tree, wood, or stick; tetl, stone; meaning castigation, punishment. c o r r e c t i o n . I n M o l i n a , op cti.t to 1. ®r*|
"Quauitl tetl nictctoctia. rcprehendcr. cotrcgir, y casttgar a otro." Cf. Olmos, op. al., pp. 2 1 3 - 1 4 . T o t h e m a n y m e t a p h o r i c a l phrases K »
throughout Book VI, we have given the meaning of the metaphor or a literal translation, J. cording .. the <;ontri: -rer.- • » r r q u re
10. in tcmuxtli, in ehecatl: cnfermcdad o pestilcncia. Cf. Molina, op cit.% fol. 98r ( f e n c i .
11. in cujtlapilli, yn atlapalli: sec Chap. 43.

12. tlatqujtl in tlamamalli: "the thing carried, the thing carried on ti e b a c k . " It m a y refer to a child, a people, a city, a pm****
For reference to child or infant, see Olmos, op. dr., p. 212.

uclūlrTrZ'Z Sp-nish text: « asutla. y J^uye vucstro pueblo, y rf« gen,e. y vuetro *

JXTETTSZ ZISISTTR " — - - -

15. itaek ticmopachilu,a, in ad Cecec. in txuzicaztli: "Daomor \ „1
16. Moyocoywin: "el que se invema a si mitnn" n I T 0 Oimos. op. ca., p. 213.
ie Nuet/a Espana (A.gcl Maria G.r.bay K„ cd ;Tcxii ^ P ' 3 8 5 ^ I n ^«Uldmo dc S a h ^ Hutoru, gen** - " ^
• "Jiiorui Porrua, S. A., 1956; henccforth
r e f e r r e d t o as Sabagun, Car»biy ^
how can thy heart wish it? How canst thou wish it?
Hast thou already abandoned thy vassals? Is this per-
chance all? It is perchance this way? Will perchance
the common folk go, pensh? Will the governed
e in maceoalli: cujx tlamiz in tlatqujtl, in tlamamalli?
r ° Panwnn • 111 lmftlneSS'
the city? W i l l i t n o t be? WU1 thy miserable city
choke with trees fill with stones ? And thy places for
holding vigil, where thy mounds, thy pyramids are
located, will they fall to pieces, will they break up?
"Is this perchance to be no more ? Is this to be all ?
It is perchance this way? Will the castigation abate
no more, will thy annoyance, thy anger be reversed?
Will thy wrath, thy annoyance, no more be placated ?
Have we perchance just been forsaken ? Hath it per-
chance been ordained above us in the land of the
dead — hath it perchance been declared ? Perchance
no longer is there castigation with icy water? 17 Per-
chance no longer is there castigation with nettles?
Perchance in truth now there will be darkness for-
ever ? Wilt thou no longer look back upon the com-
mon f o l k ? 1 8
"For — ah! — thus are they destroyed, those who
are restless in sickness, who toss from side to side,
who nowhere can do anything; whose teeth, whose
mouths [are filled with] dirt. For darkness is fallen;
all are as if drunk; they just fall somewhere. And
this [people] is as if destroyed, for nevermore is there
knowledge of one, for deep darkness prevaileth, for
no longer doth one concern himself for another, for
the trainable ones, the teachable ones, the children,
the suckling babies, those who are unlearned, already
starve. It is nothing but truth: mothers, fathers have
abandoned them; the filth of the aged ones envelop-
eth them.
"Alas, O master, O our lord, O lord of t h e n a r ,
of the nigh, O compassionate one: verily, now may
thy rage have passed. May the vassals, the common
folk, have enjoyed, have benefited from castigation.
And thy city thou hast taken by the ear, thou hast
tugged at the flank;20 it hath been punished with icy
water, with nettles; for truly now the reprehension
of one, the confronting of one, the curved fang, have
;IV. p. 344, "Dominador, tirano, arbitrary. * CL
Cf aalso
so^
Eduard Sclcr:
kundc (Berlin: Ascher und Co., 1 9 0 2 - 2 3 ) . Vol. Ill, P- 349.
17. C , Chap. 43.
18. Corresponding Spanish text: Es
destruycion, y asolacion? y que no a mas ae c y
* mjrar, con ojos dc
20. otnacaztcch ticmanjli, ca oijomotlan
moiollotzin, quecin tocommonanequjltia: cuix ie
1 -_* 1 • ^ ^^ -
in matlapal: cujx ie
īxqujch, cujx ie iuhquj, cujx ? a iaz? cujx ? a poliujz,
d3rkness "«vail in
cujx cauhtimanjz, cujx iooatimanjz in atl, in tepetl:
cujx aoccan iez, cujx quappachiujz, cujx tetemjz,
in mocnoauh, in motepeuh: auh in mochialoca: in
motetel, in motzaqual imanca, cujx xiniz, cujx
moiaoaz ?
cujx $a aocmo? cujx $a ie ixqujch, cujx ie iuhquj:
cujx aocmo ilotiz, in quaujtl, in tetl: cujx aocmo cue-
piz, in melleltzin, in moqualantzin: cujx aoc tie ic
ceujz in mo^omaltzin, in melleltzin ? cujx otima-
caoaloque: cujx oitoloc in topan, in mjctlan, cujx
omjto, cujx aocmo $an, atl cecec: cujx aocmo $an
tzitzicaztli, cujx nelli axcan: cemmaian tlaiooaz?
?a aocmo monacaztitlanpatzinco ticmottiliz in mace-
oalli ?
a ca yvin mopoloa y, in motzontlaujtzoa, in aujc
motla^a, in acan veli qujchioa: a in jtlanco, in jca-
mac tJalli: a ca otlaiooac, ca iuhquj in oivintioac, ca
ga can vetzio: auh 5a quen mopoloa o, ca $an njman
aoc temachizcamamanj, ca ouellaioouac, ca aocac
teca: ca $an ie mapizmjqujlia in oapaoalonj, in jzcal-
tilonj, in conetzintli in chichiltzintli: in aia qujmo-
machitia. Ach atel ie nelli, a ococavili in nantli, in
tatli: ha vevecujtlatl in qujtzaqua.
Hiyo tlacatle totecujoe: tloquee, naoaquee, icnooa-
catzintle: aviz nelle axcan, mano^o omelleltzin qujz:
mano^o omocujltono, ma omotlamachti in quaujtl,
in tetl, in mocujtlapiltzin, in matlapaltzin in mace-
oalli: auh in matzin, in motepetzin: a ca oinacaztech
ticmanjli, ca oijomotlan timopilotzino: ca oitech
pachiuh, in atl cecec, in tzitzicaztli: a ca onelle axcan,
ca ocontlamachti, in tetzicunolti, in tecujtiuetz, in
^ W ^ ** ^ ** ^ ^
^ „ no * - da para ^ ^ y
^ ^ ^ nosQtros? sm0 que «temos en pcrpctua
^ • 0> nj mUs?" ,
J ^ fifth p;iragraph of th.s chapter.
 c a oiP
brought one benefit, even as thc dew of thc reeds tlancoliuhquj: a ca oipan ompixauh, in
hath sprinkled, showered, scattered upon one.21 xauh, ontzetzeliuh in acatl aoachio. con*
tonoirio-

"O master, O our lord, thc city is as a baby, a child. Tlacatle, totecoe, i n m a h a n p i l t o n t l ^ . * * ° J u j in
Perhaps it hath heard, perhaps it hath exhorted itself, atl, in tepetl: a f o oqujeae, a^o ^ ^ ^ ^ a c a c
perhaps of its own accord it hath tugged at its flank, ma yiomotlan inacaztech man: qP)** omzc-

at its ear. Perhaps it hath reflected upon as much. quexqujch: aco oinoma W*y™otZ: ^ ^ tla-
Perhaps of its own accord it hath punished itself, qujmotocti: ago omaoac om(^j uhquC
a '
castigated itself, perhaps it hath chidden itself, tzinco mociauhpouhtoc, in 1X1
exhorted itself, so that in thy hands they animate one tetotoc: ,i «.1
another, they encourage one another, they chatter.2"
Mano^oc ixqujch tlacatie, ^ ' i t l a i e c o l : m a oc
"May this yet be all, O master, O our lord, O delacatk: m a n i o c cent' ; < ^ a n 0 f 0 ilofl, m a cuepi
precious nobleman, O precious person; may it [have
xicmopantiJi, x » " » o t e t c U ? " t z i n : ^ a ceuj in mo^o-
reached] its end. Conclude it, stem it. May thy M-I^.-O ; n m o q u a J a J _ o n l e l l e l t z i n q u j z . C u j x
in mcllcltzin, .
annoyance, thy anger, abate, be reversed; may thy loclaveltzin: mau...
wrath, thy fury, be placated; may thy annoyance maltzin,
m aiczin, m in m<— JC —
auh ca
tcJ a m j c o v a z , c a m p * f a n t e c h c e n m a c e u h :
pass. Doth not death prevail ? Where indeed is there ipa ie nel nen onviloaz, ca tote
to go, in vain? For our tribute is death; [it is] qujuh in mjqujz" 1 '. r i a iticpac: ca ontocoz, ca
awarded us in common as merited. And on earth mjqu jztequjtihoaco ^ e c h i u h c a u h : in m j c t l a n tecu-
<?u;u/i in mjqujztli, o,,
there prevailcth the coming to pay the tribute of itech onaxioaz, in ° . i n a c a n veli qujehiuhtoe,
m

death. For there will be the following after, the d i , in cuefaJ in « o n t « h o a I a m j c t o C ) i n techaltcu-
approaching to thy progenitor Mictlan tecutli, Cue- in oalJamatatacatoc, in w
ciuhtoc, in techoalneneciuhtoc.
calli, Tzontemoc, who remaineth unsatiated, who
remaineth coveting. He remaineth thirsting there
for us, hungering there for us, panting there for us.
TJacatle totecoe, ma oc iehoatl xicmottili, in quaujc
M0 master, O our lord, consider yet those who lie
onoc, in tlalli ixco ca, in aia q u j m o m a c h i t i a : motoli-
on thc board, those who are on the ground, those
nja in jcnotlacatl, in nentlacatl, in aauja, in avella-
who know nothing, the poor, the miserable, the use-
mati: auh in aic totonja, in aic i a m a n j a : auh in aic
less, those who rejoice not, the discontented, those
who never have the necessities of life,29 those never vellamati, in jiomjo, in j n a c a i o : in £an cen totoneoa-
comfortable of bone, of flesh—(hose who all together tinemj, in ga gen c h i c h i c h i n a c a t i n e m j in jiollo: afo
live suffering great pain, great affliction of heart. cana ticmonequjltiz, in quauhtli in o c e l u t l : a f o vmpa
Perchance somewhere thou wilt require the eagle iaz in tonatiuh i c h a n : a 9 o q u j t o c a z in quauhtleoa-
warrior, the ocelot warrior; perchance he will go njtl, in cujcujhujc, in t i a c a u h : a ? o tcatlitiz, tetlama-
there to the house of the sun. Perchance he will caz, in topa in m j c t l a n , in jlvicac.
follow Quauhtleuanitlr4 the blotched one, the brave
warrior. Perhaps he will provide drink, will provide
food above us, in the land of the dead, the heavens.
"May this be all; cease amusing thyself, 0 master,
0 our lord O lord of the near, of the nigh, O lord Mano$o ie i x q u j c h , m a o t i m a v i l t i t z i n o : tlacatie,
of the earth, O Moyocoyatzin, O Titlacauan! May totecue, tloquee, n a o a q u e e , tlalticpaquee, moiocoia-
tzine, titlacaoane: m a q u j g a i n poctli in aiavitl: ma

21. Corresponding Spanish text: "puts ya es ansi, que vro castigo, y vra indignacion: se ā enscnoreado, y a gloriosamente Preuale^°'
estos el
doles vraayre,
sieruos, sobrc los
caen sobre estaque
pobre gente:
estan bien
debaxo de asi
loscomo las ogotas
arboles, del agtia, que despues de auer lloujdo sobre los arboles, y canas v
canas." t

22. Corresponding Spanish text: "por uentura ya esta gente pobre, por razon de vro castigo, lloran, y sospiran, y sc rcprchcndcn a si ^
y estan murmurando de si mismos, en vra presencia se acusan, y tachā en si sus malas obras, y sc castigan por cllas." For aco oinoma
etc., read a(0, etc.
23. in aic totonja, in aic iamanja: cf. Olmos, op. cit., p. 227.

/Ui\i7w7"f T Cag,e?r ^3""8 G "'bay, Historic, Vol. II, p. 102, defines the term as

Fe: The School of American Research and The Univers,> o f u S ' 1 9 ™ " ? ^^

4
the smoke, the cloud [of thy ire] cease; may the fire,
the blaze [of thy rage] be extinguished I May the cevi in tletl in tUchinolli: ma momanan tlalli, ma
earth be at rest! May the roseate spoonbill," the tlato ma mo^oqooa in qucchol, in faquan: ma mjtz-
t r o u p i a P sing; may they preen themselves. May notza, ma mjtztlatlauhti, ma mjtziximati.
[thy people] call to thee, supplicate thee, know thee!
"This is all. Thus I fall before thee, I throw myself
Ca ixqujchtzin injc mixpantzinco n|vctZ4, injc mix-
before thee; I cast myself into the place whence none
pantzinco ninomaiaui, njnotla^a in anequrtxaloun*
rise, whence none leave, the place of terror, of fear.
in aqujxooaian, in temauhtican in m a n n o c i n : ma
May I not have aroused thy annoyance; may I not
melleltzin nicquctz, ma moclavfltzin lfun nja- T l >
have walked upon thy fury. O master, O precious
catle, tlafopille: totecue ma ximotljconk ma xiroo
nobleman, O our lord, perform thy office, do thy
ItcawUL
work!"

25. 0m** Ajaia (Linnaeui) in ^ • S B * * *

of Mexico," Pacifu Co«i Arifmm* N o . . 20. H (pMM* Rrtd m
* P-35- . ^ m m r f h * N . PI. n. p. 271 ^ ^ J ^ r i ^ T i ate «he trrm for
26. Saquan: Gymnoitmops «M^ ^enftfy chf t. ^
(Chicago: University of Chicago P W » M ) . P- ' rrrm a p p U M t «o • n u m b * •• ^
While troupial is not strictly e x a c t ( r e p r e s e n t i n g , ra .
venience's sake. m
 Second Chapter Here are related the words which
truly issued from their hearts as they prayed to Tez-
catlipoca, whom they named the night, the wind, as
they asked riches, so that they would not be poor
Those who so prayed were the priests. And they
indeed acknowledged that it was he who gave one
riches, repose, and consolation, and happiness; for he
gave one all wealth.
" O master, O our lord, O lord of the near, of the
nigh, O thou by whom we live, O night, O wind, O
our lord, O Titlacauan, O Yaotzin, now in truth I
arise before thee, I arrive before thee, thou who art
lord of the near, of the nigh. In one word, or two, I
call to thee, I cry out to thee for — on behalf of — the
vassals, the useless; the ignorant; the vagabonds;
those who sleep, who arise to no purpose; those who
waste thy day, thy night.
"Ah, thou understandest, thou hearest that the
common folk endure suffering, endure fatigue, live
in want on earth. Poverty, misery, uselessness pre-
vail.1 Destitute are they whose tatters hang from
their necks, their hips. There the wind cometh, there
it carrieth them off, there it whippeth them about,
there it taketh them away. They escape nowhere;
indeed, they are in dire need as they go seeking sus-
tenance, 2 going through all the forest, all the desert.
And here, in truth, they glory in their thin intestines;
their viscera go stuck to their sides; go rumbling.
Verily they go skin and bones, like a skeleton.
"And behold, somewhere at one's house entrance
he offereth old chilis, salt cakes. And when nowhere
he succeedeth in selling, somewhere by one's enclo-
sure, in a corner, by someone's wall, he is saddened;
he is dry-mouthed; he moisteneth his lips, he cheweth
his fingernails. He just continueth looking at the
1. just
people, . . . . 1looking
„|- . .their
at u ^ mmouths.
^ n f h c 44 And
And. O master,
r .„ , c Molina ot> cit fol. 76v (Ompa onqut<a). Cf. Chaps. 41 and 43.
1. onqujztinemjn tlalticpoc: timalivi in jcnopjllotL ^MM^P^
2. in cochcaiutl. in neuhcaiutl: "Mātenimteto cotidiano or
(Cochcayotl).
3. itolol. imalcoch qujchiuhtica: in Olmos, op. at., p. 224. mt
zrzz: r^r que
palabra." Cf. also Chap. 43.
^ *- ^ >^^ ^
Ic vme capitulo, vncan moteneoa: in datolli in
vel miollo intech qujfaia: injc qujdatlauhtiaia tez-
catlipuca: in qujtocaiotiaia iooalli, ehecad: injc
qujtlanjliaia necujltonoliztli, injc amo motolinjzque.
lehoantin ic tlatlatlauhtiaia in tlenamacaque ioan
vel qujmocujtia, in ca iehoatl, qujtemaca in necujl-
tonoliztli, yn neceujliztli: ioan in neiollaliliztli, ioan
in papaqujliztli: ca iehoatl qujtemaca in jxqujch in
nctlamachtilli.
Tlacatle totecoe: tloquee, naoaquee, ipalnemoanje,
īoalle, ehecatle, totecoe, tidacaoane, iaotzine: a ca
nelle axcan mjxpantzinco njnoquetza, mjxpantzinco
naci: in titloque, in tinaoaque, cententica, ac cenca-
matica njmjtznotza, njmjtztzatzilia: in jca in jpam-
pa, in cujtlapilli, in atlapalli: in nentlacatl in aqujma-
tinemj, in nennemj, in nencochi, in nenmeva: in
qujnenqujxtia in motlacatzin, in moiooaltzin:
a ca ticmocujlia, ticmocaqujtia: a ca tlaciavi, a ca
tlaihijovia in maceoalli, vmpa onqujztinemjn tlal-
ticpac: timalivi in jcnopillotl, in jcnotlacaiutl, in
nentlacaiutl: aommonamjquj in jquechtlan, in
jquezpan pilcac, in jtzotzomatzin: in vmpa oallauh
ehecatl, vmpa qujtquj, vmpa qujmalacachoa, vmpa
qujmana: acanjn moqujxtia, nelli mach in toxomj,
in oa^omj injc qujmjxtemolitinemj in cochcaiutl, in
neuhcaiutl: cenquaujtl, cemjxtlavatl mantiuh: aviz
nelle qujtimaloa, in cujtlaxcolpitzactli: ytech mote-
tecatinemj, itech icoiocatinemj in jcoaiotzin: nelli
mach in omj^auhtinemj; in cicujliuhtinemj:
aujz nellehoatl can tequjaoatlan qujquequetza in
chi^olotl, in iztatapalcatl: auh iz in acan ommaqujtia,
can techinantitlan, can texomolco, can tecaltech ito-
lol, imalcoch qujchiuhtica: ten^aquaoatica, itentzin
qujpalotica, yizdtzin qujtoponjtica: $an avic moteijt-
tilia, <;an tecamacpa motztilitica. Auh tlacatle, tote-
coe: in jvetzian, in jcochian: iuhcan o, nelli mach
lumanoy i n Molina, op. fols. 71 r (Neuhcayotl) and 23r
m c a n i n g is given as "Ando triste. angustiado. y fattgado." Cf. also Chap
^ ^ ^ y de casa „ Casa: y quando estas cos as. no se les venden:
/J
*
7
 icbcb* i n a!
O our lord, his reclining place, his sleeping place is in quihijovia, nelli mach in qujciavi ai oVtlt of*eC

such as verily where he endureth suffering, he endur- tzomatzin in ipan qujoalla^a: auh iuhq )
u

eth fatigue. He hath only tatters which he throweth iuhquj ommotlafa.

lachioal
over him, and in this manner he stretcheth out, in rriot
this manner he throweth himself down. m izcaltia »n — a c b c b i »n
Auh in qujoapaoa,
- . in qujmi c l l c C hca-
lacuccuccn- .. l -a X^C ol
lpt-
"And those whom they rear, whom they nourish, f
: tlacujtlaticeoa,
t l a c u j t l a f c c -, -tlac ^
^ ^ j n *~»m 0 c h. o q U ) -
thy creations, are all blanched, all trembling in fear. tzitzioan
Only [rags] hang from their hips. And in truth they jnquczpan p.lcac: auh n * ^uh- M

endure hunger; they become all thin; they continue tzactli qujiecoa, t l a c a c u ^ ^ ^ach'"
all to run about. They go about weeping, sighing. litinemj, m c l c k i u j t u . n ^ ^ motcca.

Truly they go about in great affliction. The entire acitnemj, cciooal, cem) ^ m a n o < ; o tlacaoa
day, the entire night they are ranged about the fire.
Tlacatlc totccoc: ^ ^ S T " *
"O master, O our lord, O night, O wind, grant inmoToIIotzin, ^ ^ c c o a l t z i n : motolinja
perchance that thou mayest bless, have mercy, take Si maxicmjximachJ.'n^n ^ ^tzmonochilu,
compassion, acknowledge thy common folk, the
poor, those who go sighing toward thee, who call
in m j t z f n ° t z a t z
out, who cry out to thee, who seek thee, who do
tzinco ncnflamati- ^ Umanquc, tzopcliquc,
what they can in thy sight.
Tlacatlc totccoc: c h t i l l c : mano^o xic-
"O master, O our lord, O master of the necessi- aviaque, nccujltono , n c t l a m a ^ momaccoaltzin.
ties of life, who hast sweetness, fragrance,® riches, ^ o c n o a u l , ^ ^ mano^o achitzin xic-
wealth: show mercy, have compassion for thy com-
mon folk. May thou honor them, show them a Utile 3 in m o ^ n c a , in moccUc.. in motzopelica
of thy freshness, thy tenderness, thy sweetness, thy in maviaca: ca nelli mach in q u j h u o u j a , in q u j c u u , :
fragrance, for in truth they struggle, they work for manoco achitzt mopaltzinco oalmotzonteconacocuj:
it. May they a little through thy grace raise their manofo achica cavitl, mopaltzinco ontlacacotlamati:
heads. May they through thy grace know repose for manoco achitzin cavitl, mopaltzinco ontotonja, onja-
a little time. Through thy grace may the common manja: in jiomjo, in jnacaio in m a c c o a l l i : manoco
folk have what is necessary for their bones, their
mopaltzinco ontcmiquj, o n c o c h i t l c o a : m a oc achica
bodies. May they through thy grace dream, may
caujtl
they see in their dreams. May rhey for yet a little
time keep it for thee. Perhaps it will be taken, mjtzonmodapialili: hat oconmocujliz, hat
removed and hidden, concealed; that which was only oconmjquanjliz: auh at o c o n m o d a t i l i z , hat ocon-
for a little time, even as the flower which one hath mjnailiz, in oachica c a u j t z m t l i : in m a h a n xuchid
smelled, hath marveled at.6 in oconjnecu in oconmauj^o
"If perhaps they should become arrogant, if per- in at oncuecuenotiz, in at o n a t l a m a t i z , in at ijxco,
haps they should become presumptuous, if perhaps icpac queoaz, q u j m a n a z , in m a x c a t z i n , in mocococa-
they should become offensive — should keep for tzin: in a<jo ic o m m j t o n j z , in a^o ic ommamanaz;
themselves thy property, thy possessions; if perchance
hat oconmomaqujliz, in nelli c h o c a n j , tlaocoianj, in
because of it they should become perverse, heedless
uel elciciujnj in nelli icnotlacatl, in nelli icnopilli, in
thou wilt give it to the truly tearful, the sorrowful
nelli m o t o l i n j a : in m o t l o c t z i n c o in monavactzinco
one the truly sighing one, the truly miserable the
truly poverty-stricken one, the truly p o o r - t h o s e mocalaqujanj, in m o p i l o a n j , in mopechtecanj, yn
who e „ t „ by rtee, near ,hee, the m J , ,ho S e who jtolol, in j m a l c o c h , q u j c h i u h t i n e m j tlalticpac: ic
^ ^ e l v e s , who go s a d d c n e d 0 ™ nelli qujtoa, in nelli m j t z m o m a q u j l i a in jniollo:

5. * motzopclica, in rnaviaca: see Chap. 43.

; C°rrcsPondiDg Spanish rerr- " /

if ft **

8
who truly dedicate, who truly g l ve
"But if perhaps the people I now present before
thee should become arrogant, these very same will
discover, will earn as their reward, their merit, tor-
ment, pain, misery and blindness, paralysis. They
wiU not be esteemed; will not be glorified; and they
will be incapable on earth. 7 Truly this thou wilt have
in store for them. And that is also the time when
they will sob, they will be terrified; punishment will
appear - torment, pain of heart, of body, when they
will discover, reflect on what is done. And are per-
haps [the blessings] still there? For they have aban-
doned them, have erred, have strayed, have gone
amiss from thy presence.
"And now, O master, O our lord, O lord of the
near, of the nigh, may thou incline thy heart, that
by thy grace for yet a while they see in dreams, know
in dreams. May thou yet let this humble person, N.,
smell thy property, thy treasure, which falleth from
thee, that which is sweet, fragrant, the necessities of
life, thy freshness, thy tenderness: for already, for
some time, the common folk go sighing unto thee,
go in affliction. They strike themselves, they crack
their finger joints, they are in dire need, they suffer
torment, pain, in heart, in body. [They are] the poor,
the useless, the unhappy, the discontented, the an-
guished.
"For thus was [thy] city; 8 for already in truth it
is so that no one is verily the possessor of reward, no
one is to say he is the possessor of merit; for it is only
thou who showest compassion to one, who selectest
one, for thou takest one, extractest one from excre-
ment, from filth;9 thou cleansest, thou bathest one.
And thou humblest one. In the forest, in the grass-
lands thou takest, thou comest upon thy friend, thy
acquaintance.
"O master, O our lord, may thy heart desire what-
soever thou mayest desire. This is all. Thus I cast
myself, I throw myself before thee, I who am a
commoner, a field hand. But perchance I may there-
by stir thy fury, thy anger; I may thereby arouse
increase thy annoyance; I may thereby solicit, I may
seek my destruction, my exaltation. Fercnanc
vnos bobos o tonlos que nj entiende
8. atzintli: tepetzintli is understood
jlia, timotequjxtilia: cf. Olmos, op. at., p.
9. c* cujtlatitlan, ca tlafultitlan timotean
their hearts to
auh in at oncuecuenotiz, in axcan mixpantzinco
njcquequetza: ha conjttaz, hat oconmottitiliz in
nelli vel lehoatl, ijlujl, imkeoal, in toneviztli in chi-
chinaqujzth, in jcnoiotl: auh in jxpopoiotl, in c6cc^
totztli, acommavi?oz, auh acontimaloz: auh havmpa
onquj ? az in tlalticpac, anelli mach in toconmotlatla-
chialtiliz: auh hano iquac tzicunoz, ha iquac mocuj-
tiuetziz in ie cecec itech eoa, in ie toneoa in ie chichi-
naca in jiollo, in jnacaio; a iquac motlattaz, a iquac
motztimotlaliz: auh ie cujx oc vncan ? ca oconcauh,
ca otlatlaco, ca omjxpantzinco tlacolo, tlaujltec.
Auh in axcan tlacatie, totecoe: tloquee, naoaquee,
mano<;o tlacaoa in moiollotzin, mano^oc achitzinca
mopaltzinco oncochitleoa, ontemictlamati: ma oc
xoconmjnecujltili in maxcatzin, in mocococatzin, in
motechcopatzinco vitz: in tzopelic, in aviac, in
totonquj, in iamanquj, in motzmolinca in mocelica:
in iehoa in jcnotlacatl in. N. ca ie ixqujch cavitzintli,
y, in movicpatzinco elciciuhtinemj, in ncntlamatti-
nemj in maceoalli, in motzotzona, in mocacapanja,
in toxomj, in hoa^omj, in toneoa, in chichinaca in
jiollo, in jnacaio: in jcnotlacatl, in nentlacatl, in
aavia in avellamati, in cococ in teopuhquj qujmati:
a ca iuh catca atzintli ca ie nelli ca iuhquj, ca aiac
nelli ilujle, aiac qujtoz: maceoalle, ca gan timoteic-
noittilia, ca ?an timotepepenjlia: ca cujtlatitlan, ca
tlagultitlan timoteanjlia, timotequjxtilia, timotepapa-
qujlia, timoteahaltilia: auh $an timoteicnomachitia,
quauhtla gacatla in ticmanjlia, in ticmonamjqujlia
in mocnjuh in motlaiximach.
Tlacatie, totecoe: mano^o qujnequj in moiollotzin,
in quecin toconmonequjltiz: ca ixqujehtzin, y, injc
mixpantzinco ninotla^a, ninomaiavi, in njmaceoalli
in njtlapaliuj: auh ano$o ie ic njcolinja, in motlauel-
tzin in moqualantzin, ago ic nicgoneva, a ? o ic njcue-
capanoa in melleltzin, ago ic njcnjciujtilia, a ? o ic
njctemoa in nopoliuja, in nacoqujfaia: ano?o ic
. 6v (Aoompa). Chap. 43 explains that "E,/r refran se dne:
de
cit., fol
227.
9
 thereby r a i j c

/ mcrciv ' "P Cas %»rion • f0 ,

1 3
STS^ss? ^ s r r? r ^ g S
And 1 e v c n , no «* And ^mgs nn r Cx ; v^ : ,r
«c a tepcxitl
tepcxitl v . u j t r c n c a ^
C,C\aa' tCcX
f X"cUia I , i

J / mvvi/air m % Pft*ncc.fT c cKchilcoaioticc:

chichilcoaioticc: auh r J - a tlaal***,
Vuh laoa, £ £
« « onqu;zca in mjxpantzwco: auh ca nehoad
oru ™ * * 1 ro c o n a ^ m f o * * tor-
; "/xcoian, « nonom, nonnotlafa n o n n o m a . a v , . m
^ n n ^ . 1 M i n d . a r , a n "> oztoc, in tcpexic in atoiac: auh n;can n j c c u , .
**vrr / . For / n/ij
j V vf _ raJccn,
L / , OUffurv
^ ^ Ck "Kanaco in jxpojvuotl in cocototzth, m paianjhz-
« t 'n tfafulh, in ratapar/i: auh ca onoconcujc, ca
onoconniaxna in quenamj in nolujlri, in nomaceoaJti
njaucehoalli, in njtlapaliuj: ma ximotiacotijj
ximotcqujtili totecoe: iooalle, ehecatle,
,ffr ^ o our W ^ ^
Vmitznotlaxili, ma njmjtznotccujnjli totecoe.

1 0 ^ —

* * tiuj
** p - * * Cf.
o
.. «iso Chap. 41, and Chap. 43.
coneCormpouotng Span vna .ai;
I ft no. que tune barranca /r </nr fj/oyyrnprezissa.
"tornprofundusima. yn /«garo muy
taiada:emjn
te detpe an no ay nadte, que no yerre delante vuestra magest^

cnt
c
fstad
« - y «ssirm
a* J l y h*l>lo
corj frja
csta crj Perso
n a dc
10
present:: mrstad> -
 Third Chapter. Here are related the words which
they uttered from their very hearts as they prayed to
Tezcatlipoca whom they named Yaotl, Necoc y a o t l '
Monenequi, 2 to request aid when war was waged.
Those who so prayed were the priests. Very good
are the metaphors the figures of speech, with which
they spoke. And from them it is quite apparent how
they really believed that all those who died in war
went there to the house of the sun, there to rejoice
forever.
Ic e y capitulo, vncan moteneoa: in tlatolli in vel
miollocopa qujtoaia, injc qujtlatlauhtiaia tezcatli-
puca: in qujtocaiotiaia iaotl necoc iaotl, monene-
quj: injc qujtlanjliaia in tepaleujliztli, in jquac iao
īutl muchioaia. Iehoantin ic tlatlatlauhtiaia in tlena-
macaque: cenca quaqualli in metaphoras, in machio-
tlatolli injc datoaia: ioan vel itech neci in quenjn
vel qujneltocaia, ca in jxqujchtin in iaomjquja: vmpa
vna in tonatiuh ichan, injc cemjcac vmpa mocujl-
tonozque.

"O master, O our lord, O lord of the near, of the

nigh, O night, O wind, O Moyocoya, O Monenequi,
O Titlacauan, O Yaod, verily warfare 3 now taketh
form, is born, stirreth, is inflamed, is bored with a
firedrill.4 For Tlaltecutli openeth his mouth, parteth
his lips, 5 and there appear the eagle vessel, the reed
tube, the ritual feathering, the incomparable.
"And behold, verily the sun, Tlaltecutli, will now
be gladdened. And [the warrior] will give one drink,
offerings, food above us, in the land of the dead. And
as many as are above us, in the land of the dead, in
the heavens, already lie watching, already lie behold-
ing him who will obtain merit, the humble eagle
warrior, the humble ocelot warrior, and the noble
one 0 who will attain the lap, the bosom7 of the sun,
Tlaltecutli. [ T h e warrior] will gladden him, and
Tlacatle, totecoe: tloquee, naoaquee, ioalle, ehe-
catle, moiocoiatzine, monenequje, titlacavane iao-
tzine: a ca nelle axcan, ca ioli ca tlacati, ca molinja,
ca mopitza ca momamali in teuatl, in tlachinolli:
a ca camachaloa, ca tentlapanj in tlaltecutli: auh ca
oalmomana in quauhxicalli, in quappiaztli in tlapo-
tonjlli in anemjuhquj:
aviz nelle axcan, mavildz in tonatiuh in tlaltecudi:
auh teatlitiz, tetlamacaz, tedaqualdz in topan in
mjctlan: auh ca ie oalitztotoc ie oallachialotoc in
topan in mjcdan, in jlvicac in quezquj: auh in aqujn
in tlacnopilviz in jcnoquauhtli, in jcnoocelutl: auh
in tetzon, in teizti, in texillan in tetozcatlan actiaz,
in caujltiz: auh in catlitiz, in qujtlamacaz in tona-
tiuh in tlaltecutli, yn jxtlaoacan, in jxtlaoatl inepan-
tla, in jtic in mopopoiauhtoz, in mopopoiaoaz: in

1. Necoc yaotl: "the enemy from both sides."

. . „ ; Lc<Sn-Portilla, op. cit., p. 385. Angel Maria Garibay K., in Veinte himnos sacros de los nahuas.
2. Monenequi: "obra como „ le an,o£ -» J J ^ Fuen.es, 2 (Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 1958; here-
Insūtuto invesūgaeiones « . s t i n c * . Sene de Cu tura N . ^ ^ ^ ^ g ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
after referred to as Gar,bay, Veinte w antojo_ aquel a quien nadie puede poner restricadn ni obsticulo."
al numen maximo: Monenequini, el arbitrario. el que hace su amo, H h
, ^ e d i v i n ( : water, or the sea; tlachmolU- the conflagrauon. Sahagun (see Chap. 43)
3. m teuatl, in tlachmolU: teuatl- the real water tn ^ , ( W a 0 guerra. .. »
explains the phrase as "El mar o la chamusqujna. ...for metapno _
„ -„ta v aueriguada, que comjen(a a abr,corse, ordenarse y formarse, y concertarse gran
4. Corresponding Spanish text: cosa muy certa. y auerigu q

, I F rnn hambre de tragar la sangre de muchos. que muriran en esta guerra...."

5. Ibid, -el d.os de la Uerra. abre la boca, con hambre d g ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ „ Oel que
6. In tetzon, in teizti: literally, "one's hair, one s fingern«U. ^ £ o b I e m a n o r t h e o f f s p r i n g of noblemen. We shall translate it variously,
es noble o generoso o de linoje de senores hobre o muger.
according to the context. .. A c c o r d i n t 0 Sahagiin (see Chap. 43), texillan, tctozcatlan oqujz
7. , „ texUlan ,n tetozcatlan: literally, "in one's ^ ^ Z Z q Z c d e z i , Persona gencrosa que viene de persona, y ustres quaere
means: "Salio de las enlrahas y de la garganta Yjo *£ ^ ^ y * ,a garganta." Angel Maria Gar,bay K « Huehued,
dezir tambien. La plat.ca o orac.on que haze el .. H u eh U e,Iatolli"), PP- <5. 50, offers several translates rang.ng from
D o c u m e n t A , " Tlalocan, I, 1 C1943; hereafter referred to
the more literal to the more metaphorical. ^
 in
n*
t £a » 3
vncan xixitinjloz, momoiaoaloz, m
will provide him drink; will provide lum offerings. n j m a n vncan yhiiotl q u j $ a z :
On the desert, in the midst of the desert, within it,
he will be brave, valiant* There he will be undone, . tlacachi-
scattered, cut to pieces. Then and there he will r in tatU, JU- auh in
breathe his last. a roach oc c o m m a t i i» in £ £
"The mother, the father, the parent, the parent ot
vale, in «one. in tn « c j j ^ t l a c a c h i o a lu
the nobleman, the old men. the old women know s , D O * ac t « o * n j ^ q U e n
l ° c ' n 3 ntzin, m jtlan
noe yrt of it. nor do any of the kinsmen - one s aunt, S - c h OC c o m ^ ' - i u ; ; r a t l a l i ū c a t c a : auh
one's uncle — know yet in what manner the begotten anca
one may perish, nor the mother who gave him
strength, the one by whose side he was lulled to in jmeme.alottin- H
deep the one who had placed him on her thigh,
and the one who with her milk had indeed strength-
. . otetzauac, injc oalmoz-
ened h i m ' . . : m u c h i u h . ,n1 • ovmpa onqujz, nelli
\n m a c h yn oiiellelacic
"However, for the little that was done m order
thai he be strengthened, grow, develop, the father
n e c u h c a i u t i :
offered want." In truth he consumed his strength
inic oquixtemotinen v m p i l c a c > i n toquezpan, m
In truth he endured anguish in going in search tor
auh ie iehoatl, in ^
untenance and for that which hangeth upon us, that r o q u e c h t l a n t o e o m p ^ ^ jtlacachioal, in
H hie h we hang on our hips, about our necks. cujx oc c o J T , n i a i n c u j x no^o n j m a n vncan vetziz
"Ik, they yet perhaps know in what manner thei
cujx c a l a q « l ' ^ ' . v i a n > m a $ a n i o c u x c a qujvalmanjliz,
hrgitfira one may perish? Perhaps he will be cap-
tured or perhaps then and there his mission will ena. t c q u n n ma itozcatlan, ma imacochco, ommoteca-
May |our lord) receive him peacefully and gently.
May hr go to rest in the lap, the bosom, thc embrace
of our mother, our father, the sun, the lord ot tne
earth. , ca amo ticmotlanevilia, ca vncan pouhquj, ca vncan
"Be not mistaken about them, for they have been itauhquj ca ipan motlacatili, ca iuhcan oaliualoc, in
dedicated [on earthf, there promised, born at this
catlitiz, in qujtlaqualtiz, in q u j t l a m a c a z in tonatiuh
time. sent to sueh a place to provide drink, to provide
in tlaltecutli: auh ca a m o ica timomachtitzinoa, ca
lu» I. to provide offerings for the sun, for the lord of
vncan onoque, ca vncan x a m a n t o q u e , in tepilhoan,
the earth. And do not school thyself concerning it,
in chalchiuhtin, in m a q u j z t i n , in tlaqoti ca vncan
for tji-re fon the plain} rest, there lie scattered the
IBB* of noblemen, the precious green stones, the cozcateuh, quetzalteuh t i m o t e m a n j l i a , timotevipanj-
Jnceleti, the precious items: for there like neck- lia: vncan timoteicujlvia.
fair», like precious feathers thou placest them,
arrangrst them in order, recordest their names there.
"O truster, O Vaotl. 0 Tidacauan, 0 Tezcatlipoca, Tlacatie iaotzine, titlacaoane, tezcatlipucae, ioaUt
O night, O wind: may there be peace, repose, for ehecatle: m a n o $ o ivijan, iocuxca texillan, tetozcatlan
» homsorver is- "brought unto uic
" " " g " 1 umu the up,
lap, uic
the oosom
bosom [or
[of
the tfikf I "t Mil 1« tn i n n -<» »k.x.. I - 1 1 r •t
maqujltitiaz in ac i e h o a t l : auh in quezquj otiemfr
the god:. And as many as thou hast rewarded [with maceujli, mano^o ivian, iocuxca itech o n a c i z in tona-
death/, may they in peace, in repose attain the sun,
tiuh in m a n j c in tlanexti in totonametl, in quauhit
which endureth, shweth: the resplendent one, the
ooanjtl, in vel c u j c u j l i u j c in nexeoac in quauhtliu
^ weJi-biotched one, the ashen
ocelutl, in tiacauh, in o q u j c h t l i , in javmjcquj in i f
^ Ae eagle, the ocelot, the valiant warrior, the
Pilli: auh m a n o ^ o yvian, iocuxca intech onaciz
: >< a 0imo5i
CKn Poodkg S M text: ' V afinej , * < * . P. 2 1 6 , ' T W v d i e n t e 0 e s 1 o r ( a d a „

J
m"y lPobre y ' ncceisitada"
— -~y * — w# ® njfios, y lot dteron la leche, » —
con que los criaron."
•—
Q'na' °P- fo1- 76» (Ompa onqui(a). Cf. also vmpa onqujf»

12
brave warrior, the one who died in war, the turquoise
prince. A n d may they in peace, in r e p o * , a m v e tiacavan m laomjcque, in tepilhoan: in Quitzicqua-
among the vahant warriors, those who died in war quatzin, in Maceuhcatzin, in Tlacavepantzin, in
the noblemen, Quitzicquaquatzin, Maceuhcatzin,' Ixthlcuechaoac, in Hivid temoc in Chahoacuetzin:
T l a c a u e p a n t z i n , I x t l i k u e c h a u a c , Ihuitl T e m o c auh in ie muchintin, in ie ixqujchtin, in quauhti in
[and] ChaJiuacuetzin; 1 1 and all, all the several eagle ocelo, m jlvicatl itic, in vmpa caujltia in tonatiuh, in
warnors, the ocelot warriors who are in the heavens xippilh in tiacauh in iavmjcquj yn vmpa coiouja:
where they gladden the sun, the turquoise prince the
valiant warrior, the one who died in w a r - t h e y ' cry
out to him there.
"And there, always, forever, perpetually, time
auh in vmpa motlamachtia mocujltonoa, in cemj-
without end, they rejoice, they live in abundance,
cac in muchipa in cemanquj, in acan tlanquj in quj-
where they suck the different flowers, the fragrant'
chichina in nepapan xuchitl, in aviiac: in velic injc
the savory. In this wise the valiant warriors live in
pactincmj, injc aujxtinemj in tiacahoa: injc iuhquj-
joy, in happiness. It is as if they live drunk [with
ma ivintitinemj, in aqujmati in aoc qujlnamjquj in
joy and happiness], not knowing, no longer remem-
tlein cemjlvitl, in tlein cciooal: auh in aoc qujximati
bering the affairs of the day, the affairs of the night,
in cexiuh, in oxiuh in <;an cemanquj in jnnecujltonol,
and no longer giving heed to one year, to two years. in jnnetlamachtil, in qujchichina nepapan xuchitl,
Eternal is their abundance, their joy. The different in aiectli in paqujlizxuchitl, in ahaujalizxuchitl, in
flowers they suck, the choice ones, the flowers of joy, jpan mjctiuj, in qujcolitiuj in tepilhoan in queleujtiuj.
the flowers of happiness: to this end the noblemen
go to death — go longing for, go desiring [death].

" A n d now, O master, O our lord, O Tidacauan, Auh in axcan tlacatle, totecoe: titlacaoane, ma
may they rest peacefully, calmly in the lap, in the ivian, iocoxca yxillan, itozcatlan, imacochco omrao-
bosom, in the embrace of our mother, our father, the teca in tonan, in tota, in tonatiuh in tlaltecutli: ma
sun, the lord of the earth. May he take [them], may qujoalmanjli, ma qujoalmocehli:
he admit [ t h e m ] !
" A n d thou dost thy labor, thou dost thy duty, O auh ca timotlacotilia, ca timotequjtilia, tlacatle
totecoe: in ie ixqujch nepapan quauhtli ocelutl: in
master, O our lord. All the different eagle warriors,
toneoa, in chichinaca in jiollo, in nentlamati in mjtz-
the ocelot warriors, those who suffer pain, who suffer
monochilia, in mjtzmotzatzililia: in amo qujtlafotla
torment in their hearts, who are anguished, those
in jtzontecon in jelchiqujuh, in teca qujmotla, in
who call upon thee, who cry out to thee, those who
teca qujtepachoa in mjqujznequj: manogo achitzin
put no value upon their heads, upon their breasts,
xicmottitili in qujnequj, in queleuja, in tifatl, in jvitl:
those who hurl missiles against, who press upon [the manoco xicmomachiotili in tonatiuh inan, in tona-
enemy] as they wish for death: concede their.the tiuh ita, in teatlitiz, in tetlaqualtiz, in tetlamacaz in
little that they desire, that they long for, the chalk topan in mjctlan, in jlvicac:
the down feathers. 12 Assign them to the mother ot
the sun, the father of the sun that they may provide
drink, provide food, provide offerings to those above
us, those in the land of the dead, in the heavens.

Angel Maria Garibay K . : Panorama Utcrar.o dt 1™

>* , „ poetta ... — * ' - m s f t T i S tsraswir^ s s

12. in tifoll, in jtntl: on p. hereafter referred to as L f * / i c s and publisher. Fuentes 1964; here-
Umversuiad Nacional Aut6noma de Mēxico. 1 * 0 . M 5 o f Poesta ndhuatlt I (same v ^ ^ q

plum a fina: En «ntido dc victim* ^ n d o n to "El sacrificado ... ^ «« >

after referred t o a s G a r i b a y , Pocsia I ) , he calls act
 in
"And those who will guard the eagle mat, the oce- auh in qujpiaz in quappctlatl, in occlopctl*6'^
lot mat,13 those who will govern, those who will be qujpachoz, in tlacateccatiz, in tlacochcateti* ^ ^
Tlacateccatl, those who will be Tlacochcalcatl, make xicmonantili, ma xicmotatili in q u a u h t l i , J o t - u j m

them mothers, make them fathers of the eagle war- m cenquaujtl, in cemjxtlaoatl m a n t i u h : m q
riors, the ocelot warriors who travel all the forest, titia in texcalli, in atlauhtli:
all the plain, of those who seek out the cliff, the
gorge. it- in quappiazrii in
in jmac manjz in quauhxicain, qujtotonjz:
"In their hands will rest the eagle vessel, the reed
tube, the ritual feathering. And they will enrich dapotonjlli: auh in in ten^acad,
thee, they will enrich and will honor [others] with auh in qujtimaloz in c h i m a l l i , j h t l i in m a t c _

the shield, the device, the lip pendant, the head in dalpilonj, in nacocht^ .n. cure ^ in

band, the ear plug, the ear pendant, the wristband, mecatJ, in cotzcoatl, in i n jmaceoaltiz,

the band for the calf of the leg, the breech clout, the mjtl: auh in in'
cape, the vestment.14 And they will enrich those m qujcnqpi I viz, " teucujdatl in motz-
teuxiuiti, in quctzalli. aun .
whose desert, whose merit it is, who will obtain, who moJinca, in mocelica in motzopelica, in maviaca: i n
will gain as merit the precious green stones, the pre- motechcopatzinco vitz, in monacaiotzin:
cious turquoise, the precious feathers, and the gold
which arc thy freshness, thy tenderness, thy sweet-
ness, thy fragrance which cometh from thy body. auh in ic ixqujch in quauhtlj, in ocelutl: mano^o
"And may all, the eagle warrior, the ocelot war- achitzin qujcnopilvi, ma achitzin itech matilivi in
rior, merit a little; may [the warrior] be covered tifad, in jvid, ma xicmotddli in damavigolli, macamo
with chalk, with down feathers. Show him the mavi in jiollo, ma caujiacamati, m a qujtzopelicamati
marvel. May his heart falter not in fear. May he
in jtzimjqujliztli, ma ica in j i o l l o cavilti, in necoc
savor the fragrance, the sweetness of death by the
tene, in tlapotonjlli, in jtzpapalod, ma qujnenequj
obsidian knife.15 With his heart may he gladden
Necoc tene, the ritual feathering, [the goddess] Itz- ma quehelevi in j t z i m j q u j z x u c h i d , m a qujuelicamati'
papalotl. May he desire, may he long for the flowery ma caujiacamati, ma qujtzopelicamati in iooalli ' '
death by the obsidian knife. May he savor the scent, dacocomotzaliztli, in j c a v a q u j l i z t l i : m a xicmovitf?
savor the fragrance, savor the sweetness of the dark- ma xicmocnjuhti. u>

ness, the din of battle, the roar of the crowd. Take

his part; be his friend.
"And as thou art Necoc yaotl, as thou art Moyoco- Auh injc tinecoc iautzin, i n j c timoiocalatzin, injc
atzin, as thou art Moquequeloa,10 so that none be timoquequeloa, i n j c aiac m o t e n p a n : m a xicmotla-
t thy borders, intoxicate our foes; inebriate them, oantili, ma xicmjvintili, ma xicmoxocomjctili yn
make them drunk. May they cast themselves into the toiaouh, ma imac oalmotlaga, m a qujoalmomaca, ma
hands of, may they deliver themselves to, may they ica oalmomotla in t o c n o q u a u h , in tocnocelouh, in
come unaware upon our humble eagle warriors, our aiavia, in avellamati, in t o n e o a t i n e m j , in chichinaca-
humble ocelot warriors, who rejoicc not, who are tinemj in tlalticpac.
discontent, who live in torment, who live in pain
on earth.
"Incline thy heart, O master, O our lord, O god
M a tlacaoa in m o i o l l o t z i n tlacatle, totecoe, teutle,
0 Teimatini, 0 Techichiuani, to arrange, to order
teimatinje, t e c h i c h i v a n j e : ma ximotlatlatlalili, ma

djension." V ^ getc de Vicrr* "Idados y hombres volientes que la guardan que murriran por *
H . Corresponding Spanish text* " v tamhi A
iunra. como son rodtlas...." ™ * """ m m mano- el destribuir vuestras dignjdades: que son los ofidos, yerm"'1"
15. jtzimjqujzxuchiti. in Garibay Poesia I 147 <<
16. timohcala*is the „• ' f ' ' florida a la obsidian*'; p. 145, "muertc en la guerra, muer:e en W * * *
c tloremme Codex, moquequeloa: -the mocker."

14
things, to establish the people. May the realm be
rich, prosperous; may it grow, may it increase. May
it gain ferocity, glory in war. May the eagle warrior,
the ocelot warrior, endure, live — h e who is the
gladdener, the servant, of the sun. Somewhere, some-
time, thou wilt grant that they will follow the sun,
Tlaltecutli.
"They will arrive among, will belong with the
valiant warriors, those who died in war, the eagle
warriors, the ocelot warriors who receive, who glad-
den the resplendent one, the turquoise prince. And
they suck the different flowers; in the heavens, the
home of the sun, they honor him.
"This is all with which I address thee, with which
I speak unintelligibly to thee, O our lord."
ximodatecpanjli, ma ximotemamanjli ma necujlto-
nolo, ma netlamachtilo, ma veia, ma vecapanjvi in
quappetlad, in ocelupetlatl: ma motequaiotl, ma
motleioti in teuatl, in tlachinolli: ma ioli, ma dacati
in quauhtli, in ocelutl, in tonatiuh iteavilticauh, in
jtetlamacacauh, in $an canjn, in $an queman in tic-
momacaviliz in contocaz in tonatiuh in daltecutli:
in jntech onaciz, in jntech vmpoujz in tiacaoan, in
iavmjcque, in quauhtin ocelo: in qujnamjquj, in
caujltia in totonametl in xippilli: auh in qujchichina
nepapan xuchitl, in qujdamachtia in jlvicatl itic, in
tonatiuh ichan.
O ca ixqujtzin ic njmitznotza: ic njmjtzpopolotza
totecujoe.
15
 Fourth Chapter. Here are related the words which
came from their very hearts when they prayed to
Tezcatlipoca, whom they named creator of men 1
knower of men, 2 seer into men's hearts and men's
thoughts as they asked help in behalf of the ruler
who had been installed, who had been chosen in
order that he might exercise well the office of ruler.
Those who so prayed were the priests. Very subde
sentiments are here expressed.
"Now, already at this very time, the sun hath
shined, hath dawned, hath come to appear.3 It hath
become day. T h e precious green stone, the bracelet,
the precious turquoise have been cast, have been per-
forated. T h e torch, the light which will guard the
city, which will assume the task, the burden, hath
formed, been born, budded, blossomed, come to
establish itself. [ T h e new ruler] is the one who will
then serve as substitute, will then help bear the
responsibility, for those already gone beyond, for
those who recently, a little while ago, came to assume
thy troubles for thee in thy world, and who came
to be, came to pass by thy principal place of author-
ity, who came to keep watch for thee for a little
time,4 for but a day; who departed leaving, left
standing the large bundle, the large carrying frame,
intolerable, insupportable, heavy.
"Verily, now, how hath the commoner, the stupid
one,6 N., looked to thee — he who briefly, for yet a
little while, will bear afflictions for thee on thy reed
mat, thy reed seat? . ,
" O master, O our lord, art thou perchance in need
of men, in need of friends? For thy fr.ends are
formed, are born. Innumerable are thy friends. But
how hath this commoner looked upon thee f Is it
1. .«occur,,: "creator of m e n . " See R t o i Simfon^uZpoMU,
171 (yocoya)\ cf. also Garibay, Veinte htmnos, p. 230, and w
2. teiximatinj: "knower of m e n . " See S i m & n ,
3. The phrase re,a,es to the account
VII, " T h e Sun, Moon, and S u r s , and the B m d . n g ^ f the
School of American Research and T h e Un.vers.ty of Utah,
1. achica- cf. Garibay, Uave, p. 67.
5. ,n icpac: cf.
Ic navi capitulo, vncan moteneoa: in tlatolli, in
vel in,olio itech quj ? aia, in jquac qujtlatlauhtiaia
tezcathpuca, in qujtoaia: teiocaianj, teiximatinj, qujt-
tanj in teiollo, ioan in tetlalnamjqujliz: injc qujtla-
niliaia tepaleviliztli, in jpampa tlatoanj in otlaliloc,
in opepenaloc, injc vel qujchioaz in jdatocatequjuh.
Iehoantin ic tlatlatlauhtiaia in tlenamacaque, cenca
ohovi in sentencias in vncan moteneoa.
In axcan: at ie nellaxcan otonac, otlathujc, omo-
raanaco in tonatiuh otlanez: ca opitzaloc omama-
lioac in chalchiuhtli, in maqujztli, in teuxiujtl: oiol,
otlacat, oxotlac, ocuepon, omoquetzaco in ocutl, in
tlavilli in apiaz in tepepiaz: in tlatqujz, in tlama-
maz, in qujn qujmjlpatlaz, in qujn qujrajlceviz: in
ie nachca mantivi, in oc uel achic, yn oachitzinca
rajtzmotlaamanjlilico in motlalticpactzinco: auh in
mopetlaquac, in mocpalquac ooieco, oonquj^aco, in
omjtzmotlapielilico, in achica cavitl, in cemjlvitl: in
oconcauhteoaque, in oconquetzteoaque in vei quj-
milli, in vei cacaxtli in aiehoaliztli, in aixnamjqujliz-
tli in etic.
Ha nelle axcan: quen omjtzmotlachialtili in mace-
oalli, in aommati in jxco, in jcpac, in. n. in oc cuel
achic, in oc achitzinca mjtzmotlateupovililiz: in
mopetlapantzinco, in mocpalpantzinco.
Tlacatle, totecoe: cujx timotlacatolinja, cujx ti-
mocnjuhtolinja, ca iuli, ca tlacati in mocnjuh, can
tlamjc mocnjuh: auh injn maceoalli quen omjtzmo-
tlachialtili, cujx ticmotlanevilia, cujx ica timotlate-
Dictionnairc de la languc nahuatl ou mtxicaint (Paris: Imprimeric Nationalc. 1885), p.
• Qimfen-
oirt «n/4 I rAn- Portilla, La filosofla
filosojta ndhuatl, p. 389.
^ ^
op. at., p. A^son and Charles E. Dibble, Florentine Codex, Book
* ffi of Am .,can Research, No. M (Santa Pe: ^
«'*>• ^ " y
 avmP?
in
possible that thou hast confused him with another? molia in maceoalli, in amo t l a c a m a t i , qujP
Wilt thou perhaps seek one wherewith [to replace] eheoa: auh in aihivia, in n e n t l a c a t l , » n S a n

thc commoner, thc disobedient one who understand- tinemj tlalticpac.

eth things backwards and who is impulsive, who is
a ic tehoatzin
useless, who livcth in vain on earth ? 6
"Thou hast already inclined thy heart, for already Oieh tlacauhquj in m o i o l l o t z i n , anca i e
thou knowest die inner nature of things, so that thou tocommomachitia, anca ie
t,cm'.
ticInonequjItia:

hast already disposed accordingly. May thy will be qujnequj in moiollotzin, in q"<* cavitl mjtzmo
done according as thy heart desireth. Perhaps for a a ? o achica, a?o c e m j l v i t l , a ? o acn ontlacujcujti-

little while, perhaps for a day, perhaps for a little tlaamanjliliz a ? o o n j x t o t o m a o . ^ flatoZj a?o itic
time, hc will assume thy troubles for thee. Perhaps uetziz, afo
he will be stupid; perhaps he will constantly steal; monelchioaz, Z ) q U j m a n a z in
perhaps he will pilfer; perhaps he will keep his own modaxqujz: a?o ixco, l c p a n m 3 m a < ; o v a z , a?o teixco,
counsel; perhaps in secret he will cook things up for tecuiotl, in tlatocaiotl, aS°.°catiaem}z, a<;o m j t o n j z :
himself; perhaps he will be rude, will seize the gov- anca
teicpac ie onnemjz, a go ° " : o m a C h i t i a , in quen tocon-
ernment;7 perhaps he will be quarrelsome; perhaps m 0 „equililiz, tCh0a
anca ^ ^ tU|[icpac:
T - " macujl, m a t l a c : ca n d w
he will belittle others, will be precipitate, perverse. t a u j l t i l o , ? a n t i t i a v c

Accordingly, already thou knowest within thyself

how thou wilt determine for him how [he will be J
in a few days. For verily on earth thou art merely
amused, thou art only made to laugh.8
nnloz anca icochiz concaviliz, ca
"Accordingly his debility will destroy [his office]; anca ^ ^ ^ o t l a m a c h i l t i a timotlacaqujtia,
he will lose it [by] his sleep, for thou knowest, thou
cTtdc i d a t o ^ ' i n concaviliz, tiqualmotlaxiliz cujtla-
understandest, the things within the wood, the rocks;
he will lose it [by virtue of] his thoughts. Thou titlan da ? ultitlan, toconmotlaxiliz, conjcnopilviz,
wilt cast him into the dung heap, thou wilt cast him conm'omaceviz in ixpopoiotl, in cocototztli, in tzo-
into thc refuse heap; he will gain as his deserts, as his tzomatli, in tatapatli: auh toconmocxipachilviz to-
merit, blindness, paralysis, tatters, rags. And thou conmotlatiliz.
wilt trample him underfoot; thou wilt destroy him.
"And this, O master, O our lord, O lord of thc Auh injn, tlacatie totecoe: tloquee naoaquee,
near, of the nigh, O night, O wind, O thou by iooalle, ehecatle, i p a l n e m o a n j e , teiocoianje tehiraati-
whom we live, O Teyocoyani, O Teimatini, O our nje totecoe: m a tlacaoa in m o i o l l o t z i n , ma xicmoc-
^ ^ U o r d : incline thy heart; show mercy, illuminate the nelili, ma xicmotlavilili: m o t o l i n j a in maceoalli, in
I poor one, the commoner, the sightless one, the blind ixtepetla, in jxpopoiotl, m a x i c m o t t i t i l i in ocutl, in
•pone. Reveal to him the torch, the light, the splendor tlavilli in tlanextli: in c a t l e h o a t l onaiz, in catlehoatl
^ ^ for whatsoever he performeth, for whatsoever he conchioaz, in catlehoatl c o n t o c a z : tehoatzin tocon-
doth, for whatsoever way he followeth. Thou know- momachitia, anca q u e n t o c o n m o n e q u j l t i z , anca quen
est, accordingly, in what manner thou wilt desire, in
ticmjmachiliz, anca q u e n qujtla^az, qujqujxtiz in
what manner thou wilt dispose - in what manner
iooalli in tlacatli, in c e m j l v i t l .
the night, the day, the daytime will result, will take
form.
"O master, O our lord, incline thy heart. Is it
perhaps man's doing if he indulgeth himself in some- Tlacatie, t o t e c o e : m a t l a c a o a in moiollotzin, cujx
thing, if in something he goeth astray, goeth amiss onmotlacaiocoia i n t l a n o c itla qujmavilti, inda itl3
ic m j x p a n t z i n c o tlacolo, t l a u j l t e q u j in petlapan, in

' 'i^rssst z^:;::;:: zvrzz r,rz ztr" «"•

7. m tecuiotl, in tlatocaiotl: see Chap. 43.
~ b -

vuestro
-- eweuio^o S S ^oZTglZZtt tys, "y TsY/goli/lJ"^ ^ "^ ^ ^ ^ ^

18
before thee m die realm there where people are
washed there where rest the dark blue, yellow
r f?hCrC^ T V b u t h e d
mother of the gods, the father of the gods, UeueJeotI
who is set in the navel of the earth, who lieth b
the turquoise enclosure, who is [enclosed] with the
waters of the lovely cotinga, enclosed with clouds 9
"Verily, that which a man will do, that which he
will perform to attract thy wrath, thy anger thy
annoyance, to stir up castigation is not his doing
Open his eyes, open his ears, advise him, set him upon
the road, guide the commoner. Consider not only
the commoner, the laborer; consider the governed.
Verily, now, inspire him, animate him, for thou
makest of him thy seat, for he is as thy flute. Make
him thy replacement, thy image. Let him not there
on the reed mat, the reed seat become proud; let
him not be quarrelsome. May he in peace and calm
go accompanying, leading the common folk. May he
not make sport of the common folk. May he not
disunite the people; may he not destroy them in
vain.
"And may he not blemish, 10 not besmirch the
reed mat, the reed seat — thy reed mat, thy reed seat;
thy glory, thy honor, thy rule. For he hath taken
them; thou hast accorded them; thou hast favored
him; he hath received compassion. For already he
taketh pride, already he glorieth, in the precious, the
good, the wonderful. For thou hast placed [raiment]
on his arms, on his feet, in his lips, on his head; for
he hath taken the peaked cap, the turquoise diadem,
the maniple, the wrist band, the leather band about
the calf of the leg, the lip plug, the ear plug. May
they not cause him to be perverse, brazen. May he
stand guard for thee in peace and quiet.
" O master, O our lord, may he in peace arrange
for thee, order for thee, upon the reed mat, the reed
seat, the place of honor. Determine for h.m; ordain
for him; incline thy heart, O our lord. May he not
soon do something, perform something Levilj. w>
revealing thyself to him; go instructing him. Ana,
furthermore, ordain that he belittle no one on earth.
Also, concede him, let him experience, send ham to
the midst of the desert, to the center of the deser
to the field of battle. 11 May he know the home ot
9. Read xiuhtotoatica mixtzaizacujlitica,
10. conjcoloz: cf. Chap. 43.
. * » "V ti csto no aucys
11. Corresponding Spanish text: Y st esn>
gucrra a ma not de sus enemjgos... •
cpalpan: ,n vncan motepapaqujlitica, in vncan manj
m matlalad m toxpalatl, in vncan moteahaltilitica,
* * Progenitor, Z in motechiuhcauh, in teteu innan, in teteu inta, in
veveteutl in tlalxicco maqujtoc, in xiuhtetzaqualco
monoltitoc, in xiuhtototica mjxtzatzacujlitica:
ca amo motlacaiocoia, in dein onaiz, in tlein con-
chioaz, injc conmjtlanjz in mo^omaltzin, in moqua-
lantzin, in melleltzin, injc conolinjz in quavitl, in
tetl: manopD xicmjxtomjli, ma xicmonacaztlapolvi,
ma xicmotlachialtili, ma xicmohtequjli, ma xicmo-
lacanjli in maceoalli, maca ?an ie xicmottili in mace-
oalli, in tlapalivi: ma ie xicmottili in tlatqujtl, in da-
mamalli: mano^o nelle axcan, ma xicmjpichili, ma
itech ximjhijotitzino, ca monedaxoniuh ticmuchiuj-
lia, ca motlatlapitzal, ma xicmoviti, ma xicmopati-
loti: macano£omo vncan ondatlamattie in pctlapan,
in jcpalpan, macamo onmama^ouhtie: mano^o ivian
ma iocoxca convicatiuh, conotlatocti in maceoalli,
macamo ica ommaviltiz in maceoalli, macamo texa-
xamatzaz, macamo tetlapicquaz:
auh macamo conj$oloz: macamo conteuhiotiz in
petlatl, in jcpalli, in mopetlatzin, in mocpaltzin, in
motleiotzin, in momaviziotzin, in motlatocaiotzin:
ca oconcujc, ca oticmomacavili, ca oticmocnelili, ca
otlaocoliloc, ca ie tlamauj^oa, ca ie qujtimaloa in tla-
$otli, in iectli, in maviztic: ca otocōmotlatlatlalilili
in jmac in jcxic, in jtenco, in jcpac, ca oconcujc in
tepeiotl, in xiuhvitzolli, in matacaxtli, in matemecatl,
in cotzeoatl, in tented, in nacochdi. Macano^omo
iehoad qujtonjz, caquetzaltiz: mano^o ivian, iocuxca
in mitzommotlapialili:
tlacatle, totecoe: ma ivian mjtzonmotlatlatlalilili,
mjtzonmotlatetequjlili in petlapan, in jcpalpan, in
momaviziocan: a ma noqo xicmjtalvi, ma xicmone-
qujlti, ma tlacaoa in moiollotzin, totecoe: macamo
<;an cuel itla onai, itla conchioa, ma ipan xioalmo-
qujxtiduh, ma xiqualmomachititiuh: auh iequene
mano^o xicmonequjld, ma teixco nen in daldcpac:
ma ?an noqo cuel xicmomacavili, ma ie ontlamati,
ma ie xoconmjvali in jxtlaoad inepantla, in jxtla-
vatl itic, in teuatenpan, in dachinoltenpan: ma ie
as in Chap. 17.
„ hazer: or*<nat ^ '»<*<> - y ^ y — - "
19
the sun; let his heart, his body go on to be the pre-
cious green stone, the precious turquoise, the bracelet
which he giveth to the sun, that he not appear dis-
honored, [not] go being offensive. O master, O our
lord, O Teimatini, O Techichiuani, incline thy
heart"
20
ondamati in tonatiuh ichan ma o n c b ^ ^ . ^ U o , > n
ma onteuxiuhtitiuh ma o m m a q u j f c t i u u b o , o 0 1 f n j * o , r * '
jnacaio in conmaca in tonatiuh, °nncn'
teoa: auh macamo teixco, teicpac o t c c b i c h i o a n j e -
tiuh. Tlacade totecoe: teimatio^, ,
ma tlacaoa in moiollotzin.
 Fifth Chapter Here are related the words with
whjch they prayed ,o Tezcatlipoca, whom the y J e d
Titlacauan, Moquequeloa, when the ruler died in
order that another be installed. And this d i s c o i d
he who was the principal priest repeated. Here^re
told many good discourses.
" H e hath gone. Thou hast hidden him, thou hast
placed him underfoot, thou hast placed him in re-
treat.1 He hath known our home, the place with
no outlets, the place with no openings. 2 Already he
lieth resting, for he hath known the socalled place
of no fleas.
"Briefly, for a while, N. hath come to assume thy
troubles for thee on earth. And truly thou hast
caused him to smell, thou hast caused to pass before
his lips, thy sweetness, thy fragrance. Thou hast
caused him to see, thou hast caused to pass before
his face, thy glory, thy wonder, the rule, the govern-
ing. For a day, for a while, he came to assume thy
troubles for thee. And he came to reap reward on
thy reed mat, thy reed seat; there he came to await
thy spirit, thy word; there he came to sigh, he came
to call out to thee in sadness.
"He knew, he hath followed our mother, our
father Mictlan tecutli, Tzontemoc, Cue?alli, 3 who
remaineth thirsting for us, who remaineth hunger-
ing for us, who remaineth panting, who remaineth
coveting, who remaineth restless; by night, by day
he remaineth demanding, he remaineth crying out.
lt~mili> cf toptema, petlacaltema, "to put away in a coffer, to put away in a reed basket." Cor-
1. ca otoconmotoptem jit, ca otoconmopetiacaiiernjn. • r
- p o n d i n g Spanish text: <> - - r e c o ^ . e n . o _
2 . in apochqujaoaiocan, in ailccalocan: we have cons'stenuy ^
openings," in part to avoid use of •'chimney" or "fireplace , " c r
Origin of the Gods," Monographs of the School of Amer.can Kesc
»ty of Utah, 1 9 5 2 ) , p. 3 9 , n. 3a; also cf. Molina, op. at.,
"a place without a smoke opening, a place without a ch.mneyCor fiepl J
Wna... •• , n G a r i b a y , "Huehuedatolli," p. 85, the sense seems to d e p e ^ ^ ^
than a-tlecalocan)\ likewise Seler, op. cit., Vol. U, p. v 0
tramlating atle calocan as "wo K"ne Gassen g,bU
3- Corresponding Spanish , ,.a „ iue a donde eita nuestro
abaxo al fuego £n£U
" On Tzontemoc 0Pv r vo, m. P ^
(cucfahn): red arara feathers in Seicr, uy.
īers in Seler, op. cit.. Vol. H, P- '
331 (cuataUi), "llama, color rojo vivo, pluma de ese color,
Ic macuilli capitulo, vncan moteneoa in datolli:
injc qujtladauhtiaia Tezcatlipuca, in qujtocaiotiaia
utlacaoa, moquequeloa, in jquac mjquja tlatoanj,
injc oc ce motlatocadaliz. Auh injn tlatolli, iehoad
qujtoaia in vei denamacac catca, mjec in vncan mote-
neoa: in quaqualli tlatolli.
Ca ooiatia, ca otoconmotlatili, ca otoconmocxipa-
chilvi, ca otoconmotoptemjli, ca otoconmopedacalte-
mjli: ca ontlama in tochan in apochqujaoaiocan, in
adecalocan: ca ie qujcevitoc, ca oondama in mjtoa
in atecpida:
in ocuelachic, in oachitzinca, in omjtzommotla-
amanjlilico in tlalucpac in. N. auh in onellehoatl in
otoconmjnecujltili, in oitentlan toconmoqujxtili in
motzopelica, in maviaca, in otoconmottitili, in oixtlan
toconmoqujxtili in modeio in momavizio: in tecu-
jotl, in tlatocaiotl, in ocemjlvitl, in oachica mjtzmo-
tlaamanjlilico: auh in oondamavi^oco in mopetla-
quac in mocpalquac, in vncan oconchiaco in mjhijo,
in motlatol, in vncan oonelcicivico, in omjtzontla-
ocolnonotzaco.
A ca oontlama, ca ocontocac in tonan, in tota in
mjcdan tecudi in tzontemoc in cuegal, in techoal-
amjctoc, in techoalteuciuhtoc, in oalneneciuhtoc, in
oallamatatacatoc: in acan veli qujchiuhtoc in ceiooal,
in cemjlvitl oallaitlantoc, in oaltzatzitoc:
p j l6. "t0pc0i petlacalco — en secreto — en morraJ y caja."
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
Q A n d e r s o n a n d c h a r i e s E . Dibble: Florentine Codex, Book III, "The
' N o H ( S a n t a Fe: The School of American Research and The Univer-
, ^ ^ ^ ^ p 6 3 3 (Oecalli). A more literal translation would be
, l a c e ) » Corresponding Spanish text: "donde nj ay ventana, n, uz np,-
^-callocan. "donde no hay apoSen,am,ento" (rather
h o w e v e r , opochquiauayocan ,s read for apochqmauayocan),
'
. „ nu.stra madre. el dios del infierno. aquel que detcendio cabefa
; > "u"'r Vnterweln> Vol. V, p. 183 ("TodesgotD-- Cue(al,
O Ū / ^ X m t ^ '. P- - • — ™ ,V ' P
21
 im on-
o q ^ J Lchca
"And verily now he hath approached, he hath auh ca nelle axcan, ca intcch oonacic ca - in
known his great-grandfathers, his progenitors, those ma in jachcocolvan,
^IVdJI, Jin jtechiuhcaoan in i*
J4 ^ in
who had already gone beyond to reside, those who onmantm, in oiecoco ini pctlapan, in j - r - R
had come to establish the realm —the lords, the tlacatl
fetecuti, in tlatoque: in tlacatl in A ^
rulers, the lord Acamapichtli, [and] Ti^oc, AuitzotI, if<X"ic, in Avitzotl, in
Ueue Motecusoma, Axayacatl, the one who hath here
veve motccufoma,
followed Motecu^oma Ilhuicamina.4
"And all these lords, these rulers, came to govern, iaca: in njcan onjcatiuh in Motccugoma >• )

came to marvel at, and came to glory in the realm, mjna,

the rulership, the government. And they ordered, auh in ie ixqujehtin in tetecutin in tlatoque in
they arranged things well for thee, thou who art otlatqujco, in o t J a r n a m a c o in o q u j m a v i S o c o . auh in
lord of the near, of the nigh, thou who art Moyo- oqujtimaloco in petlatl, in jcpalli, in tecujotl, m
coya, thou who art Moquequeloa. tlatocaiotl: auh in ovel mjtzontlatetequjhtiaque, m
"They departed leaving the large bundle, the large ovel mjtzonmotlathtlalililitiaquc in titloque, in tina-
carrying frame, the great burden, the subjects —
oaque,
auh in
in timoiocoia,
oconquetzteoaquein timoquequeloa:
in vei q u j m j l h , in Ve i
heavy, frightful, insupportable, intolerable. They
departed placing it upon their shoulders, upon their cacaxtli, in vei tlamamalli, in tlatconj, in tlamarna-
backs; they departed leaving it to their offspring, to lonj in etic, in temamauhti in aixnamjqujliztli, ^
liim who for yet a little while came to raise up their aieoaliztli in jteputzco in jcujtlapan contlaliteoaq U e
heads, who came glorifying them. concauhteoaque in jntzon, in jmjzti: in ocuel achi'
"Now he hath followed them; he hath come to qujmontzonteconacocujco, in oqujmonteiotico °
know them — he whom thou hast hidden, he whom in axcan, oqujmontocac, in o q u j m o m m a : i n
thou hast summoned hence. Thou hast already conmotlatili, in otiqualmotzatzilili. O i e h tlaca
inclined thy heart; thou hast blessed him, for his in moiollotzin oticmocnelili, ca oceuh in i' M Uj
heart, his body are relieved; for he hath gone, for he jnacaio, ca oia, ca oommotecato in ateen J 'n
hath gone to settle in the place of no fleas; for already qujceujtoc: p i t l a ca ie

[ihou hast] put him in repose.

"And it hath been forever; he hath gone forever;
he hath left the earth completely. Hath he perhaps
just gone somewhere to come back, to return, that
once again the city may look upon his face? And
will he still come to say: 'May this be so; may this
so happen'? And will he yet again soon come to
look upon the faces of the lords, the rulers? Will
they pcrchance yet see him, yet know him ? Will
they pcrchance yet take, yet hold to his word? Will
/ie pcrchance yet console them, greet them ? It has
been complete. He hath left completely. It is extin-
guished, it hath darkened; the torch is extinguished;
the light, the splendor is destroyed; the city is eter-
^ And so in what manner will he
^ . f c - a i ™ «.««.All
n > illlUOCIIj
himself,
considering that the vassals will somehow perish
and considering that they will somehow be de-
stroyed ?
auh ca ocenmaian catca, ca ocenmaian onqujz, ca
ocen onqujz in tlalticpac: m a c h $an cana viloaia,
oalilotiz, oalmocuepaz oc ceppa ixco, icpac tlachiaz
in atl, in tepetl: auh c u j x oc c o n j t o q u j u h in ma iuh
ie, y, in ma iuh muchioa, y : auh oc ceppa ma ia
imjxco imjcpac tlachiaqujuh in tetecutin in tlatoque,
cujx oc qujttazque, c u j x o c qujximatizque, cujx oc
qujcujzque, canazque in jten, in jtlatol: cujx oc
qujnciappovaz, c u j x q u j n c i a u h q u e t z a z : a ca ocen
oncatca, ca ocen o n q u j z , a ca oceuh, ca otlaiooac: ca
oceuh in ocutl, ca opoliuh in tlavilli in tlanextli: a
ocenmaian icnopiltic in atl, in tepetl: anca quen
tlamamanjz, m a c h oc oalmotlamachitia, anca p
quen poliviz: auh a n c a 5a q u e n popololoz in cujtla-
pilli, in atlapalli:

'And the city, will it perhaps here in his absence

be mocked? Will it divide? Will it scatter? T r u l y auh in atl, in tepetl, cujx yio njcan
necacaiaoaloz xixinjz, momoiaoaz, in onc
4. Thus the Nahuatl reads. Motccufoma Ilhuicamina is an alternati
vc name for Ueue Motccutoma.

22
he came spreading his wings, his tail feathers over
l t ; truly he spread himself over it. And doth Z Pan q u j w o a c o in jahaz, in jcujtlapil, in onelli mach
city he abandoned, he darkened? For thou O
master, O our lord makest it his place of desolation
And here, in truth, now, in what manner doth thy
heart desire? W i l l the city lie abandoned, will it lie
darkened ? W i l t thou make it his place of desolation >
O the poor the governed, who seek their mother,
their father; who require their mother, their father-
who desire to be governed. Truly poor are those
who go in all the forests, in the grasslands; who
follow the dry lands; who encounter, who search
out the deserts; who seek, take, consume the plants,
the wood, the sticks. 5
"And here, in truth, poor is the poor eagle warrior,
the poor ocelot warrior who desireth to die, who
wisheth not to live, who thinketh of the desert, of the
battlefield. T o whom will he proclaim that among
others merit hath been attained, when he hath been
brought into one's lap, into one's bosom? Whom
will he make his mother, whom his father? And
who will weep for him ? W h o will sigh for him ?°
" T h e poor one — he of filth, of vice: who will
wash him, who will bathe him ? W h o will take, who
will remove his stench, his rottenness? Who will
remove it, put it aside ?
"And they, the common folk who confront each
other, who beat each other, who strike each other:
who will quiet them ? And he who goeth saddened:
who will weep for him, who will dry his tears? Will
he perchance correct things for himself? Will he
bring about death for himself, he who is worthy of
death, worthy of destruction, who in truth hath
gone the way of evil ? And who will establish the
realm? W h o will dispose things, who will order
things? W h o will establish, who will command the
mother, the father, who will govern ?
"And who will move, who will put life mm the
drum, the gourd rattle where war is reca led, where
it is instigated, and where there is allotted the death
of the unhappy, the discontented, the humble eagle
warriors, the humble ocelot warriors who long tor
death? And who will gather the eagle warriors, the
ocelot warriors?
— ,
, r .. . .. ttxt. "O pobrezitos de los mercaderes:
/0, herbezuelas, ^ - -
, TW corresponding Sp.nUh « ^ U » " S L U
aa auien daran noticia de su captiuerio. P " a J ^
qujen daran noticia de su captiucnu, ^ ' ^ el que hazia esto: ^ -
/ o el que ha
estos casos semejantes, le fauorezca:^ pucs que y ^ n0tida dellos a sus parirn e .
quje sospire, por los captiuos: porq no aura q
ipan mohonoltitivia: auh manocc cuel ma cactimani,
ma looatimanj in matzin, in motepetzin, ca inen-
cauhian ticmuchivilia tlacade totccoe. Avi* nelle
axcan, quen qujnequj in moiollo: cujx cactiraanjz,
cujx looatimanjz in atl, in tepetl, cujx inencauhian
ticmuchiviliz:
a ieh motolinja in datqujtl, in tlamamalli, in cujda-
pilli, in adapalli: ca inan, ca ita qujtemoa, ca inan
ita qujnequj, ca mopachollanj: a nelle motolinja in
cenquavitl, in cen?acad mantiuh, in teutlalli qujtoca,
in jxtlaoatl qujnamjquj, in qujmjxtemolia, in qujte-
moa y qujcuj, in qujtepoloa in qujlid, in quavitl, in
dacotl:
Aviz nelle motolinja in jenoquauhdi, in jcnoocc-
lutl in mjqujzncquj, in ancmjzncquj in onvctzi ijollo
in jxtlaoacan, in teuapan: ac itech oalmotzatziliz in
otehoan motlacnopilvili in texillan, in tetozcarlan
maqujltitiaz, ac inan, ac yta qujoalchioaz: auh ac
conchoqujliz, ac conelciciviliz:
motolinia in teuhio, in dagullo ac qujpapacaz, ac
cahaltiz, ac qujcujliz, ac canjliz in jhaca, in jpalanca,
ac qujquanjliz, ac chico danaoac qujviqujliz:
auh ieehoatl in ixquatech mana, in motzotzona
in movitequj in maceoalli, ac qujeeviz: auh in
jxaiotzin qujmatentivitz, ac qujchoqujliz, ac qujxa-
iopapachoz, cujx monomatlatlaliliz, cujx conmuchi-
viliz in mjqujztli in mjqujnj in polivinj, in onelli
ovican ia: auh ac qujtetecaz in petlatl in jcpalli, ac
tladadaliz, ac tlatecpanaz, ac qujtlaliz ac qujnaoatiz
in nantli, in tadi, in petladz, in jcpaltiz:
auh ac colinjz ac qujiolitiz in vevetl, in aiacachtli,
in vncan molnamjquj, in vncan moiocoia in teuatl,
in tlachinolli: auh in vncan qujmocotonjlia in jmj-
qujz in aavia, in avellamad, in jenoquauhdi, in
jcnoocelutl in mjqujznequj: auh ac qujnnechicoz in
quauhdi, in ocelud:
.. ,
. ^ andan par los mantes, y par las paramos. yjacatlaUs: y tarn hen de
quemar, 0 para vender de que biuan.
Z Z ^ o m a r e n * '' V ^
; ^ g T S ^ f i ' ^ ^ -
zia
esto: que era como P
^
 "O master, O our lord, O lord of the near, of thc Tlacatie, totecoe, tloquee, naoaquee- ^cr0'>
nigh, incline thy heart; concede, reveal, designate caoa in moiollotzin, ma xicmomacavil'j ^ m j t z o n -
which one will guard for thee, will govern, will nextili, ma xicmomachiotili in ac onCticiviz

fortify, will gladden the city; which one will place motlapialiliz in tlatqujz, in t l a r o a m a t ^ p a n contlada-
the city upon his thigh, will fondle it, will dandle it? in conaviltiz in atl, in tepetl, in in atl, in
htiez, in conaviltiz, in contlavivi req
tef**1-- . t J e totecoe: ca o n n e m j
manogo xicmomacavih, tlac manoqo iehoatl
"Concede, O master, O our lord, that N. live. Con- y, - ichoat J
cede to him, designate him, that he may guard this.
Give him as a loan for a little while thy reed mat,
thy reed seat, and thy rule, thy realm. Show compas- mocpaJtzin: auh in motccu.otz n ^ ^latoc^a
sion for him; choose him. Take him from the excre- tzin, manogo «hoad xicmocnoi m i l x i c m o p c p ^ .
ment, from the filth, and glorify him, make him ma xicmanjli in cujtlatitlan, in d a p i l t i t l a n : auh m 3
like a fierce animal. xicmotleiotili, ma xicmotequajotili
tlacatie, totecoe: ma tona, m a tlatvi xicmuchi v i J i
"O master, O our lord, cause the sun to shine; let Ca ixqujch ic mjxpan njttecoloa, ic m j x p a n njtlav,)
there be light. It is all with which I, a commoner, tequj in njmaccoalli: mano^o q u j n e q u j in m 0 i o J ' ,
go astray, go amiss in thy presence. May what thy tzin, in quecin toconmonequjltiz.
heart requireth be in the manner in which thou wilt
desire it."
 Sixth Chapter Here are related the words which
from their very hearts, they prayed to Tczcatlipoca'
to request that the ruler who performed his S £
badly might die. He who thus appealed to the god
was the principal priest, in order to invoke evil upon
the ruler. T h e words were very good, and the meta-
phors were very good.
" O master, O our lord, O lord of the near, of the
nigh, O night, O wind: thou seest, thou knowest the
things within the trees, the rocks. And behold now,
it is true that thou knowest of things within us;
thou hearest us from within. Thou hearest, thou
knowest that which is within us: what we say, what
we think; our minds, 1 our hearts. It is as if smoke,
mist arose before thee. 2
"And behold, verily now, thou art seeing how N.
liveth, how he doth. And thou considerest, thou
knowest which of the things give him pride, per-
verseness, trouble, so that no more hath he regard for
others, and no more is he anywhere compassionate.
He becometh crazed. Thy property, thy possession,
thy freshness, thy tenderness, thy sweetness, thy frag-
rance which for a short time, for a little while, he
dreameth of — h e seeth in dreams — t h e rulership,
the government, the realm, thy honor, thy glory —
these give him perverseness, pride, trouble, make
him crazed, make him besotted, make him drunk.
"So he is evermore presumptuous, evermore impu-
dent. And so no more is he compassionate. It is
just as if spiny, thorny were his face, his heart, his
life; his words nowhere conform to his life, to his
deeds. And certainly he becometh brazen; he wish-
eth to belittle things. He seemeth to act in what
manner he wisheth, to live in what manner he wish-
eth; to think in what manner he wisheth.
"It is certainly true, O master, O our lord O lord
of the near, of the nigh, O Teimatim, O Techichi-
* „ — <"«*>:
1. in tix: cL Horacio Carochi: Arte
por metaphor a la vista interior...." en
2. Corresponding Spanuh text:
tterra
Ic chiquacen capitulo, vncan moteneoa in tlatolli:
m vei lniollocopa ic qujtlatlauhtiaia Tezcatlipuca, injc
qujtlanjhaia in macuele mjquj in tlatoanj, in arao
vei qujchioa in jtequjuh. Iehoatl ic tlateunonotzaia
in vei tlenamacac catca, injc qujtlateunonochiliaia
in tlatoanj: cenca qualli in tlatolli, ioan cenca qua-
qualli in metaphoras.
Tlacatle, totecoe, tloquee, naoaquee, iooalle, eheca-
tle: a ca quavitl, ca tetl itic, titlachia, titlamati: auh
aviz nelle axcan, ca titic titlamati, titic titechcaquj,
ticcaquj, ticmati in tlein titic tiqujtoa, in tiqujlnamj-
quj, in tix, in toiollo, iuhqujn poctli, aiavitl mjxpan-
tzinco moquetza.
Aviz in nelle axcan, ca ticmotztiliticac yn juh ie
nemj, in juhquj ie qujchioa in. N. auh ticmottilia,
ticmotlamachililia in tlein, in catlehoatl in ie qujx-
acocuj, in ie qujtonja, in ie camana, injc aiocmo
teixco, teicpac tlachia: auh in aiocmo can icnoio in
jiollo, in ie mjxitl, in ie tlapatl mocuepa in maxca-
tzin, in mocococatzin, in motzmolinca, in mocelica
in motzopelica in maviaca: in achica in cuel achic
in qujtemjquj, in qujcochitleoa in tecujotl, in tlato-
caiutl, in petlatl, in jcpalli, in momavizio, in motleio:
ca iehoatl ie qujtonja, ca iehoatl ie qujxacocuj, iehoatl
ie camana, mjxitl, tlapatl ie mocuepa, ie qujvintia,
ie qujxocomjctia:
injc aoc tlatlamati, injc aoc teixco tlachia: auh injc
aocmo icnoio in ijollo, in ga iuhquj haoaio, in ga iuh-
quj vitzio, in jx, in jiollo, in jnemjliz: in jtlatol in
aoccan tetlacama, in jnemjliz in jtlachioal: auh ca
5a nelle ie aquetza, ca oc tie ipan tlachiaznequj, mach
ie on ie quecin qujchioaznequj, mach ie on ie quecin
n e m j z n e q u j , ie on ie quecin momatiznequj :
ca nel ie melaoac, tlacatle, totecoe, tloquee,
naoaquee, tehimatinje, techichioanje, teiocoianje: ca
" MUS ~ NaCi0na1' I892) ' P" 456'
vn poco de humo. y de njebla: que se leuanta de la
vuestra presencia, son
25
 ^vint*'
uh ^ r ^ »
uani,8 O Tcyocoyani: hc hath bccomc an ingratc; oicnopillavelilocat, ca ic cuecuenoo ^ ,n _ ,| n
f< n a
already he is proud. And he hath become drunk, he ca oxocomjc, ca oic ontlapolo in ^ ^ n , in a o c r n 0
hath become besotted. For because of thy property, cocatzin in otoconmjnecujltil', »n ^ c*

thy possessions, which thou hast let him smell, which toconmoq'xtilili. Auh 5a nei ^ ^ r o o ' jc
thou hast caused to pass before his face, before his tlateumatinj, ca aocmo c h o « n ^ o i v i n „ c , o
lips, reason hath been lost. And it is certainly note- ca aocmo clcicivinj: ca a o c m o «a )
worthy that he is no longer devout, no longer a ca 9 a nennemj, ca ovcllapol°>
weeper, no longer a sorrower, no longer a sigher, qujmati.
because he hath become drunk, hath become be-
sotted, is a vagabond, is completely crazed; he no
longer understandeth at all. Auh in axcan f ^ ^ n m a n j in matlalatl,
"And now on thy reed mat, on thy reed seat, he rlapan, in « n o c p a l j ^ p a p a q U j l i a , i n , c timoteahal-
dishonoreth thee. There rest the blue water, the in toxpalatl injc rimot p r a v i z in vncan in jxaic^
yellow water with which thou who art the lord of cilia; in titJoque " " * 0 ^ a C C O a l l i , in vncan qujcuj, ^
the near, of the nigh, dost wash people, dost bathe tzin qujmatcntiui :L,livia, in jacoquj^aia: auh in
people. And behold, there the common folk go
vncan cotonj m J P ^ ^ j m e c a x i C o l , tlaavilqujxtia
saddened; there he taketh — there is allotted — their
vncan qujcuj in ja ' j p a n in raomaviziocan:
destruction, their exaltation, and there he a s s u m c t h in mopctlapan, in mocpalp
independence;4 he abuseth thy realm, thy place of
honor. tlaavilquixtia in puchtecaiopan in vncan
auh iz
"And behold, he abuseth the position of merchant- moxillan, motozcatlan mamaiavi i n ccnquavill, in
o
hood. There is the removing from thy lap, from ? acatl manj in j e n o q u a u h t h , in jcnoocclutl in ch*
ccn
thy bosom.® They occupy all the forest, all the great catincm; in tlaocuxtinemj, in mjtzmotcmolia, in
grasslands; the poor eagle warriors, the poor ocelot mjtzirlanjlia in m o t z m o l i n c a , in mocelica,
in ma-
warriors go weeping, go in sadness, seek thee, beg
viaca, in motzopdica in aticacaoa in jpan timol-
thee for thy freshness, thy tenderness, thy sweetness,
thy fragrance — that which thou yieldest not, that pihtoc:
which thou hast cherished.
auh iz ncllc axcan, t l a a v i l q u j x t i a in vevctitlan, ••
"And here, verily, now, he abuseth the place of
the drums, of the gourd rattles, where thou art con- aiacachtitlan, in vncan titlaoculnonotzalo, in vncas
sulted in sadness; where thy pain, thy spirit, thy word titlanjlilo in mcllel, in m j h i j o , in motlatol, in vncai
are requested of thee; where thou art called upon; tinotzalo, in vncan t i t l a t l a u h t i l o : auh in vncan qu
where thou art prayed to. And there is determined mocotonjlia in j m j q u j z in aavia, in avellaraati, *j
the death of the unhappy, the discontented, those toneoatinemj, in c h i c h i n a c a t i n e m j in jiollo, in jm-
who go in torment, in pain of heart, of body. 0 And caio: auh iz t l a a v i l q u j x t i a , tlatcuhiotia, tlatlapjUoto
here he abuseth, covereth with dust, covereth with auh tlaitonja in v n c a n t a u j l t i l o , auh in vncan titer-
filth, and disturbeth the place where thou art glad- chicoa, in vncan t i t e m a c h i o t i a , in v n c l titricujb..'
dened, where thou hast gathered people together, vncan titetlillotia, t i t c t l a p a l o t i a in vevetitlan, in *
where thou dost indicate one, where thou dost record cachtitlan.
one, where thou dost enter one in the traditions,
among the drums, among the gourd rattles.
And now, as thou art present, as thou knowest 7
A u h in a x c a n , ca t i m e v i l t i t i c a , ca ic teh dem^'
wtothou do* fare, even as thy heart r e q u S
tzintli tlein t o c o n m o n e q u j l t i z , quenjn connequ^

3. Techichiuani: Sahagun, in the corresponding Spanish text, refers to "criador ...de todos"\ hence, creator. See chiua, make
the vocabularies. If the term should be derived from chichiua, array, the meaning would be: "he who arrays one."

4. in jaztauh in jmecaxicol: cf. Chap. 43 {Naztauh, nomecaxicol), and Simeon, op. cit., p. 45 (aztatl — tUcolonilM yaU^.^"
5. Corresponding Spanish text: "que son a qujen vos confiays, mas de vuestras riquezas. .. ."

6 Ibid: "y donde los tristes, y afaidos, y pobres se esfuerfan, y consuelan, y los que son cobardes se e ^ a n . para mor, «.H*
7. teh ticmatcatzinlh: read teh[uatlJ ticmomaehiltia.

26
thy will be done. And may it so happen. However
a little later, may there be fear, m a f i t teach on '
may it be seen from him how to live. May he deserve
may he merit some reprimand, whatsoever thou wik
g,ve h i m - perhaps castigation, pestilence. Perhaps
thou wilt cause thy honor, thy g l 0 r y to pass before
the face of someone of these thy friends, the weepers
the sorrowers, for they exist, they live. Thou dosJ
not want for friends. In all the world thy friends
thy real friends, remain awaiting thee, remain calling
out to thee. A n d thy humble friends remain sighing
unto thee. 6 mocnjoa: auh in mocnoicnjoa, movie elciciuhtoque:
" T a k e one of these; choose one of these. Let one
of these guard for thee. Seek one of these to replace
another.
" W h i c h one of these things wilt thou give? Per-
haps also on the one hand thou wilt incline thy heart.
Perhaps thou wilt take from him, thou wilt hide
from him thy heat, thy warmth. Thou art the lord
of the near, of the n i g h ; thou art Moyocoya, thou art
Moquequeloa. Perhaps thou wilt give it to the
weeper, to the sorrower, who calleth well to thee,
who prayeth well to thee, the yet free-born. 8
"Perhaps, on the other hand, he will become rich,
will become prosperous; by thy rewards he will have
become arrogant, presumptuous; perhaps he will
experience even as the common folk experience,
those who suffer affliction, those whose sustenance
appeareth not, and those who encounter not that
which hangeth from their necks, from their hips.
"And perchance also thou wilt give him the great
castigation — the paralysis, the blindness, the rotten-
ness.
"And perhaps also he will soon depart from the
earth. Perchance thou wilt hide him. 9 Perchance
he will know our collective home, the place without
outlets, without openings. Perchance he will know
our mother, our father Mictlan tecutli.
"Show him mercy. May then his heart, his body
rest. May he know the land of the dead. May he
know his great-grandfathers, his progenitors, wiio
have gone to the land of the dead, who are gone to
assemble ftherel. . , , • ;>
"O master, O our lord, what doth thy heart e
And even as will be thy desire, thy will be
8. , „ „ fa*. ijollo, in oc iolxoxouhquj: see
. ., U rhit is, "thou Win
9. ticmotlatiliz: "thou wilt hide him , t n a ^
serujdo dc sacarle deste mundo por mucrtc corp
moiollo, ma xicmonequjlti: auh ma iuh muchioa,
lece ? a ixqujtzin ma tlamauh, ma qujtemachti, ma
itecn it to, in juhquj ic nemj: mano ? o achitzin quje-
nopilvi, ma qujmomacevi in atl itztic, in atl cecec:
catlehoatl in ticmomacaviliz, cujx iehoad in quavid,
in tetl, in temuxtli in ehecatl: cujx oc ie ceme imjx-
tiqujmonmoqujxtililiz in momavizio, in motleio,
n
in mocnjoa in chocanj in tlaocoianj, ca onovac ca
nemoa, camo timocnjuhtolinja, ca mjtzchixtoque,
ca mjtztzatzilitoque in cemanaoac in mocnjoa, in vel
ma oc ie ceme xiquinmanjli, ma oc ie ceme xiqujn-
mopepenjli, ma oc ie ceme mjtzonmotlapialilican,
ma oc ie ceme inca xommotlatemoli.
Catl no cehoatl in ticmomacaviliz: cujx no^o cuel-
ehoatl, cujx tlacaoaz in moiollotzin, cujx toconmo-
cujliz, cujx toconmotlatiliz in mototonca, in moia-
manca: in titloque, tinaoaque, in dmoiocoia, in timo-
quequeioa: cujx tocommomaqujliz in chocanj, in
daiocoianj, in vel mjtznotza, in vel mjtztlatlauhtia
in oc itztica ijollo, in oc iolxoxouhquj:
cujx cuellehoatl mocujltonoz, motlamachdz, in
motlachichioaltzin in ocuecuenot, in oadama: cujx
conjttaz, in juhquj qujtta maceoalli in cococ, in teu-
pouhquj, in aoalnecinj in jcochca, in jneuhca: auh
in aommonamjquj in jquechtlan, in jquezpan pilcac.
Auh cujx no$o njman iehoad, ticmomacaviliz, in
vei quavid, in vei tetl, in cocototztli, in jxpopoiotl, in
palanaliztli.
Auh cujx noce, 5a ie cuel datlalcaviz in dalticpac:
cujx ticmotlatiliz, cujx ondamatiz in tocenchan in
apuchqujaoaiocan, in adecallocan, cujx conmadz in
tonan, in tota in mjctlan tecutli:
mano^o xicmocnelili, ma ie cuel cevi in jiollo, in
jnacaio: ma ontlamati in mjctlan, ma qujmommad
yn jachcocolvan, in jtechiuhcaoan in oiaque mjctlan,
in omotecato.
Tlacatlc, totecoe: tlein connequjz moiollotzin,
auh quecin toconmonenequjltiz, ma xicmonequjlti:
174 (yollo) — "yollo itztic xoxouhqui, libre. nS dc parents Ubrcs
Simeon, op. citp. por uentura soys
^ ^ ^ ^ .. ^ corrcsponcling Spanish text reads:
^
^

Perhaps it is not in joy over another's misfortune
and not in mockery of another that I cast myself
before thee; and so it is only the robbery of the city;
but it is only the well-being of the earth. May I not
arouse thee to thy fury, thy anger; may I not stir up
thy wrath, thy anger. And may I, a common person,
not raise up thy annoyance, for thou knowest, thou
seest things within stones, within wood."
28
tec* ^ ^
at amo teca papaqujliztli, auh at a * * ^ ^ n ' ^ ^ i n
lizdi injc mjxpantzinco n j n o d a $ a , » >vclin
cujliloca in ad, in t e p e d : a u h ^ j m ^ o q u a l a n -
tlalli, ma nelli m o d a u c l t z m ^ 1 ^ ^ ^ in
neujlili, ma njcolinj in . m ° £ - c q U e t z ^ ^ timotla-
tzin: auh ma m e l l e l t z m nacm 1
ca ted, ca q u a v i t l itic 9
chialda.
 Seventh C h a p t e r . H e r e is related the confession
wh.ch they sa,d or performed when they stSl p 2
nsed tdolatry. T h e y did so only once d J i n g
time that they lived. 6 jquac oc tlateutoca: ? an ceppa in juh qujchioaia
O master, 1 O our lord, O lord of the near, of the
nigh, thou hast taken, thou hast heard the commoner
thus troubled, who hath reported before thee, who
hath placed before thee his stench, his rottenness.
But perhaps he hath come ridiculing thee, or he hath
come going amiss, going astray in thy presence. Per-
haps he himself hath come to plunge himself into the
torrent, from the crag, or hath come to cast himself
there. A n d perhaps he hath come to place himself
in the thongs, the snare. Perhaps he hath come to
take the paralysis, the blindness, the rottenness, the
tatters, the rags. 2
"Perhaps certainly now, O master, O our lord, O
lord of the near, of the nigh, perhaps he hath come
really to bind himself. Perhaps he hath retracted,
swallowed, suppressed a word or two; for of his own
will he acteth, he mocketh himself; for thou art near,
O master, O our lord, O night, O wind. He hath
just come, just come to stand, to speak, to pass; for
there rest the blue water, the yellow water with
which thou bathest, with which thou washest the
common folk.
"And perhaps he hath come to take his destruc-
tion, his exaltation. 3 And perhaps he hath come to
do himself good: perhaps he hath come to unclothe,
come to strip himself [of his faults]; perhaps he hath
come to show himself to thee in all parts. What is
done is done; what is performed is performed, as it
he had slipped, he had tripped; as if in thy presence
he had gone astray, gone amiss; and as if truly he
had dirtied himself, had hurled himself into the
bottomless pit, into the water, into a cave. Verily, he
, W , auia dicho tut pecados, delante del .atrafa: luego el mjsmo satrapa hazia la oracion
1. The Spanish text begins: "De.pue, que el pendente
lue ,e ngue, delante de Tezcatlipuca."
2. Corresponding Spanish text: "y - f ^ J J ^ I g . ^
y '< m,smo Ta ,„hJo. y enredado. el —m* -
fc Ibid.: "y „ por i«ntura a encurrido en su perdicion. y cn
librado, y dtiasado de sus culpas, y pecados
Ic chicome capitulo, vncan moteneoa: in neiolcuj-
tiliztlatolh in qujtoaia, mano^o in qujchioaia, in
īxqujch cavid nenca.
Tlacatle, totecoe, doquee, naoaque: ca oticmocujli
ca oticmocaqujti, ca omjxpantzinco qujpouh, omjx-
pantzinco qujtlali in jiaca, in jpalanca in maceoalli,
injc hacemelle: auh ano^o omocatzinco ommavil-
tico, ancxjo mjxpantzinco otlaviltequjco, oondaco-
loco: a<;o inoma ixcoian conmoquequechilico in
atoiatl, in tepexid, afo oompa ommotla^aco: auh a^o
oommaqujco in mecatl, in tzonvaztli, a^o oconcujco
in cocototzdi, in jxpopoiotl, in palanaliztli, in tzotzo-
matli, in tatapatli:
ago onelle axcan, tlacatle totecoe, tloquee, naoa-
quee, ago vel oommoholpico, ago cententli, ago cen-
camatl oqujlochi oqujtolo, oqujcamapacho, ca ixcoian
mjhieco, mocaiauh: ca ticmotztiliticac tlacatle, tote-
coe, iooalle, ehecatle: cā gan in oonvitza, cā gan in
oommoquetzaco, in oontlatoco, in oonqujgaco: ca
vncan manj in matlalatl, in toxpalatl ynjc ticmahal-
tilia, injc ticmopapaqujlia in maceoalli:
auh ago oconcujco in jpolivia, in jacoqujgaia: auh
anoce oommocnelico, ago oommototomaco, oommo
pepetlaoaco, ago onovian mjtzonmohottititzinoco: ca
ie oax, ca ie oqujchiuh, in oax, in oqujchiuh: injc
omallauh, injc omotepotlamj, injc omjxpantzinco
tlacolo, tlaviltec: auh injc onelle motlahelnelo, injc
omotlaz in anetlaxoian, in atlan, in oztoc: ca tel nel
mageoalli, ca itech ca ca qujtqujtinemj in camana, in
qujtonja: auh in qujtequjpachoa in jomio, in jnacaio,
in jx in jiollo: auh ca qujqua, ca quj in qujgoneoa in
au,
magestad te a arroiado en una lima, y en una profunda barranca.
' '«< " " "" ' Z To Ū a V J se ^a
' ^amjenfo de sus dins: o si par ««.i*r. * dicho toda verdad. y
^
 i, . . h ca
is a common person; on him is — he goeth carrying Jiollo, in jnacaio: auh ca iquauh, ca itcun ^ \x\c\*
with him —that which troubleth him, perverteth nol, ca inecujtiuechiliz, ca inci<;avil mucbi° 3 *
him, and that which afflicteth his bones, his body, his naoatiliz ca incnonotzaliz m u c h i o a :
mind, his heart; and it eateth, it drinketh, it disturb-
eth his heart, his body. And it becometh his stick,
his stone; his sighing, his fright; his wonderment.
It becometh his resolution to improve his way of life. auh ca timeviltitica, ca amo motlacaiocux in ma^o
"And thou art here. It is not the work of man.
° a x , in mago oqujchiuh: ca oitalviloc.
Although he hath done it, although he hath per-
formed it, it hath been ordained.4 Auh in axcan tlacatle, totecoe, tloquee, naoaquCc.
"And now, O master, O our lord, O lord of the manofo omjtzmoteupovili, mano$o ornjxtzinco, moc
near, of the nigh, as the commoner hath troubled pactzinco nen in maccoalli: cujx ilotiz, cujx cuen'
' rnoaualantzin: mano$oc centetf
thee, as he hath offended thee, will perhaps thy fury,
thy anger, be placated, be turned ? May [the pardon] in mo
of the common person be complete, be achieved ?
Because he taketh fright, he sigheth when he turneth c o m m a t i , i n c o n j l n a m j q u , i n t l e i n o a x n t l e n o q 4

to himself, when he reflecteth upon, when he remem- chiuh: h a c a c h o c a , c a t l a o c i n a c a i j o l l o c o n q u a in

bereth what he hath done, what he hadi performed. c o n m a t i , i n j c o m j t z m o i o l i t l a c a l v i , i n j c o m j x t z i n c o ,
He weepeth, he sorroweth, he eateth out his heart m o c p a c r z i n c o n e n , c a r n o c u j t i u e t z i , c a m ) ? a v i a :
when he acknowledgeth how he hath offended thee,
how he hath wronged thee. He taketh fright, he is
terrified.
iloti in motlaveltzin, in moqualantzin :
"May thy fury, thy anger yet be placated; may it mano£0 oc ^ ^ ^ t o t e c o e : m a axcan, m
yet be averted, O master, O our lord. Now, here, m a ,TxTcmahaltili, x k m o p S p a q u j l i : ma ontemo, ma
bathe him, wash him. May he descend; put him in
" S > m m a q u j l i in matlalapan, in toxpalapan, in jlvi-
the blue water, in the yellow water, in the sea, in the
caapan, in axoxovilco, in vncan Umotepapaqujlia, in
deep waters where thou washest one, where thou
bathest one. vncan timoteahaltilia;
"And may he go. May he weep. May he be sad. auh ma iauh, ma choca, m a tlavcuia, ma tlamaccoa:
May he do penance. May thy words come forth. ma quj^a in motentzin, in motlatoltzin, ma xicmo-
Command of him that which thy heart will require, naoatili in tlein q u j n e q u j z moiollotzin, in tlein onaiz,
that which he will do, that which he will perform in tlein conchioaz in tlalticpac, in quenjn onncmjz:
on earth, how he will live. And advise him how he auh ma xicmjmachili in q u e n j n o n n e m j z
will live."
The soothsayer, the confessor, addressed the one Qujnotza in tlapouhquj, in teiolmelauhquj: i:
who confessed; he said to him: "Here thou dost omoiolmelauh, qujlhuia Ha ca njcan, tioallatū.
hide, thou hast come to place thyself, thou host come timoquetzaco tiquj^aco, in anemjuhcan, in tan*-
to pass the uninhabitable place, the place of fright, mauhtican: in vncan ijcac in atoiatl, in tepcxitk
where stand the torrent, the crag. The cliff, the vivitecticac in nenexeoaticac, i n chichichileoaricac 2
gorge, the crag stand sheer, stand ashen, stand red- texcalli, in atlauhtli, in tepexitl in anequetzaloia, fi
dened: the place where there can be no standing no
aqujxoaia: auh in vncan i n nepanjuhtoc, in moq»
place of exit. And there are placed one above
toe in mecatl in tzonvaztli, in tlaxapochtli:
another, joined one to another, the cord the
the trap.5 ' snare,

4 Ibid.: "En presencia de vuestra magestad hablo. que sabe todas las cosas: y sabeys que este pobre no peco con hberud
lit ^ <
aluedno, porque jue ayudado, y inclinado de la condicion natural del signo cn que nacxo."

y w c f los
M s ^ s t ; ^ ^ > ^ — -
mal'erlIt /w W< ' rtiet esta" «>« los otros y sobrepuestos >

30
 And thou hast descended, thou hast cast thyself
jnto the water xnto the cave, from the crag. Thou
hast put thyself in the cords, into the snare w h X
let one not escape. [ T h y faults] are deadly
•P M V i r r / » 6 Ti _ _ _ 1 , _
destroying, are savage."8 Perhaps~thou hast retracted
or thou hast suppressed, thou hast swallowed th V
stench, thy rottenness, thy blackness, thy filth- ugly
stinking, rotten, it is diffused, it is known, i t ' J e t h
into the land of the dead, into the heavens.
stench, thy rottenness are reaching the entire world
"And now, here, thou hast given thyself, thou
hast consulted with the master, our lord, the lord of
the near, of the nigh, w h o can especially be offended,
who is especially wrathful, who is angered; who
tomorrow, the next day will hide thee, will'place
thee underfoot, will send thee to our common home,
the land of the dead. T h e r e thy mother, thy father,
Mictlan tecutli, remaineth panting, remaineth covet-
ing, remaineth thirsting for thee, remaineth hunger-
ing for thee. 7
"And to thee he will give, on thee he will place
thy desert, thy merit, which thou hast brought down,
which thou hast required of our lord:
paralysis, tatters, rags, the miserable cape.
"And thou shalt suffer, thou shalt endure misery;
thou shalt be poor on earth. T h y heart, thy body
will suffer torment, pain. Torment, pain, fatigue
will reach to thy nose. A n d as to this: thou art here,
thou hast been good to thyself, for thou hast con-
sulted the one who knoweth, who seeth things
[within] wood, within stones. And he knoweth, he
seeth things within thee; he heareth what thou sayest
within thyself.
"And as to this: what hast thou done, what hast
thou performed ? F o r of thy own volition thou hast
put thyself in the cords, into the snare; for thou hast
cast thyself into the water, into the cave, from the
crag.
"Thou wert good, thou wert fine when thou wert
sent here, when thy mother, thy father, Quetzal-
coatl, made thee, created thee. T h o u wert cast
wert perforated [as] a
let, a precious turquoise. T h o u hast sp*
bus. y redes, y P°(°> ** 1ue
6. Ibid.: "estos so tus pecados. que no solamete son
despeda^an el cuerpo, y el anjma."
madre el dios del infierno. y
7. I hid.: "adonde esta tu padre, y tu
quantos ay en el mundo...
auh ca otontemoc, ca otonmotlaz in adan in oztoc,
in tepexic, ca otonmaquj in mecatl, in tzonvaztli in
atequjxtia, in mjcoanj in polioanj in tequanj: a ? o
*' are ocententh tiqujlochi, a 9 o cencamatl ticcamapacho,
otictolo in mjiaca, in mopalanca in motliltica, in in
mocatzaoaca, in temamauhti yn jiac, in palanquj:
in omolonj, in ommachizti, in onjaia in mjedan, in
jlvicac: in cemanaoac aciticac in mjiaca, in mopa-
Thy
lanca.
Auh in axcan ca njcan odcmomaqujli, oticmono-
nochili in tlacatl, in totecujo, in tloque naoaque, in
mache iolitlacolonj, in mache ?omale, qualane, in
<;an muztla viptla mjtzonmotlatiliz, in mjtzonmoc-
xipachilviz, in mjtzonmjoaliz in tocenchan in mje-
dan, in vmpa oalneneciuhtoc, in vmpa oalamatata-
catoc in monan, in mota mjctlan tecutli, in mjtzala-
mjetoe, in mjtzalteuciuhtoc:
auh m j t z o n m o m a q u j l i z , motech contlaliz in
iehoatl in molvil, in momaceoal in otictemoli tote-
blindness, cujo, in otiqujtlanjli in jxpopoiotl, in cocototztli, in
tzotzomatli in tatapatli, in aja^ulli:
auh in jcnoiotl, ticciaviz, tiqujhijoviz, vmpa onquj-
<;az in tlalticpac: toneoaz, chichinacaz in moiollo,
in monacaio, moiacacpa qujqujztiaz in toneviztli,
chichinaqujztli, in tlaihijoviliztli. Auh injn ca iz
tonca, otimocneli: ca oticmononochili in quavid, in
tetl idc tlamad, tlachia: auh in titic tlamati, tlachia
in qujmati, in qujcaquj in titic tiqujtoa:
Auh injn tie otax, tlein oticchiuh: ca monoma
otommaquj in mecatl, in tzonvaztli, ca otimotlaz in
atlan, in oztoc, in tepexic:
Ca tiqualli, ca diectli in tioaliualoc, in mjtzchiuh
in mjtziocux in monan, in mota in quetzalcovatl: ca
dchalchivitl, ca timaqujztli, ca titeuxivitl, in dpitza-
hou loc, in timamalioac: ca dchalchivitl, ca titeuxivitl
^ tixotlac, dcuepon, in diol in tidacat:
as caydo: pero lamb,en son bestias fieras. que masan. y
la diosa del infierno, abierta, las bocas. con desseo de tragarse a «. , *
31
 somed, come to life, been born [as] a precious green
stone, a precious turquoise.8 1 ^ tn in timj9 o l o a >
"But just of thy own volition thou dcfilest thyself, otlahclncloa ltitlan d m o -
auh ca 5a mjxeoian in tim
in da^ tlein tocon-
1
dishonorest thyself, dirtiest thyself; thou livest, thou . dmocatzaoa,
a u a , iin
n cujtlatitlan,- ni in i n «J^»——
castest thyself into excrement, into filth, into that nemjua, in t i m o t h y : in tlcin t o " ^ i l t i a in aqualli,
which thou dost, into that which thou performest. chioa: in tlein timoncloa, in oc t e c a t z a u h : ca mjx-
That in which thou dost roll, in which thou dost in aiectli in tlahelli ^ n j l a c a t z o a : in ma
play — the bad, die evil, the filth — hath dishonored coian in teuhtica, in tlasuiti" x i x t U ; cujtlatl, tic-
one, dirtied one. Of thy own volition thou hast iuhquj tipiltontli,
wallowed in filth, in refuse. Even as if thou wert maviltia: injc timalna tiro
a baby, a child, who playeth with the dung, the
excrement, so hast thou bathed thyself, rolled thyself
. n ca odcmomaqujli, ca oticmot-
[in filth].
Auh injn, in axcan- ^ o t i c m 0 n o n o c h i l i oticmo-
"And as to diis: now thou hast given it, thou hast
titili in tloque n a ^ q ^ ^ t e p a p a c a n j : haca S o m o
manifested it to the lord of the near, of the nigh.
t l a i X P l ! haca o t gan ida, yn, ca otontemoc *
Thou hast consulted, thou hast revealed it to the
aV1I
a'
f in matlalatl, in toxpalatl, in xopal eoac
?3n
bather of people, the washer of people. Perhaps it is
not in jest, perhaps this is no little thing, for thou vncan moteahaltilia, in vncan m o t e p a p a q u ^
hast descended where the blue waters, the yellow in tloque, naoaque:
waters, the deep green waters rest, where the lord
of the near, of the nigh, washeth one, batheth one. ca can in otovitza, ca ? a n in otonqujgaco in o t i ^
"Thou hast just come; thou hast just come to ouetzaco ca mjctlan, ca ylujcac in otontemoc, „
emerge, thou hast come to appear; for thou hast otontlachix: ca axcan tona, tlathuj qujmuchivili a J,
descended into, thou hast beheld the land of the totecujo, axcan tiqualmana, tiqualqujxtia in tona.
dead, the heavens. Now our lord hath caused the tiuh, axcan oc ceppa tipilqujga, ticonequjga: 0 C c c
sun to shine, hath caused the dawn to break. Now iuhqujn tipiltzintli timuchioa in titoztli, tichalchivM
thou causest the sun to appear, to come forth. 10 Now titeuxivitl timuchioa, t i c u e p o n j : oc ceppa ianei^
once again thou art rejuvenated, thou emergest as a
tixotla, titlapanj, titlacati in tlalticpac.
child. Once again thou becomest as a baby. Thou
hecomest, thou art hatched a young parrot, a precious
green stone, a precious turquoise. Once again, newly,
thou dost sprout, thou art hatched, thou art born on
earth.
"And go in peace and quiet; go softly. Yet try thy A u h manogo ivian, mano^o iocuxca, mano^oxon:
feet out. For a few days thou wilt vex our lord of the mjmattiuh, m a oc x o m m o c x i i e h e c o t i u h yn oc que
near, of the nigh, the night, the wind. Behave yet qujlvitzintli t o c o n m o t l a a m a n j l i l i z totecujo, in tlop
humbly, sadly, modestly. Live in this way; live so naoaque, in ioalli ehecatl, m a oc motolol, ma «
doing. And give thyself exclusively to thy weeping, momalcoch, m a oc m o p i l o l xoconchioa, ic xonnen
thy sorrowing; go calling to our lord in sadness. xoconchiuhtinemj: a u h m a oc mochoqujz, ma *
motlaocul x o c o n j x c a v i , m a oc xoconmodaocuk
chilitinemj in totecujo:
"Do not presume. Our lord of the near, of the
m a c a tie m j t i c x i q u j t o , m j t z c a q u j mjtic m
nigh, heareth thee, knoweth of things within thee,
m j t i c t l a c a q u j i n t l o q u e n a o a q u e : in otoconia
heareth within thee when thou hast offended h i m .
axitili, t l e h m o p a n i a n j , t l e h motlaanca, tleh ff>

•i~"zxzx.7£zzisi it™?: zzt™ ~ -

8. Ibid.:
y como "tc de
vna toya formo como
oro muy vna piedra preciosa,
resplandcsciente, y muyy polida
como "vna cucnta dc oro de mucho precio, y quando naciste eras como vn* Pu

>0. Ibid, "agora nueuamente

-- "^
comjenras a hiuir
f m / r ' W lament* t e d a l ū b r e
y nueuo sol nuestro sen or dios "

32
What, is happening to thee? What are thy begin-
nings? W h a t are thy roots? [Our lord] J i l l w sh
for thee that which his heart will determine
«Will he perchance here in the world, show thee
the invisible, the frightening, the painful, the tor-
ment the affliction? 11 And perhaps he will hide thee
put thee underfoot, send thee to our common home!
the land of the dead. Where thou awaitest the word
of the lord of the near, of the nigh, the night the
wind, himself, the earth will crumble, the place'will
be made excrement. And he will determine in the
manner he will desire; he will ruin, burn, break up,
scatter the earthen structure, the reed enclosure, the
mound of earth which in vain thou hast put together.
"And as to this: be yet careful; stand forth; pay
attention. Be not as thou art. May thy heart be
otherwise. May thy manner of life be otherwise.
Take utmost care. May thou not falter again in
something. Be ever cautious. And canst thou, per-
haps, as a human being, behold the lord of the near,
of the nigh, the youth, Moyocoya, Titlacauan, Tez-
catlipoca? 12 For he is the night; he is the wind.
"Sweep; clean; arrange, order things. [Otherwise]
thou wilt reject, offend the master, the youth, who
goeth appearing among us; who liveth everywhere,
who findeth his amusement, and worketh, and goeth
seeking his friend.
"And as to this: do thou go, especially to the
sweeping. T a k e care of the cleaning. And now thou
art to clean things; thou art to clean thyself, thou
art to bathe slaves; thou art to dance, thou art to
sing. And behold, thou art to castigate thyself; thou
art to fast, thou art to fast for a year. And thou art
to draw blood.
"And because thou hast found pleasure in filth, in
vice, thou art twice [daily] to pass twigs, once
through thy ear [lobe], once through thy tongue,
especially because of adultery, and because at some
time thou hast hurt, thou hast harmed, thy neighbor
with thy words. , auh in jca in jpampa in otictlanempolvi totccujo,
"And because at some time thou hast depreciated
the things of our lord, hast failed to provide food,
thou wilt provide, wilt offer as thy duty, the paper,
the incense.
r . , aaucllas cosas con que atormenta.
11. Ibid, -por uentura enscnarte [ ^ J ^ Z b l ^ con que atormenta en el otro mudo.
no por cierto: porque los tormentos, y trabaxos cspa
cn cn este munao....
biuen mundo.. .."
12. Ibid, "y es mancebo de perfecta perfeccion. , »» t*c .
vaio: ca mopan qujoalmoncqujltiz in tlcin ichoatzin
Ijollo tlamatiz,
cujx nican tlalticpac mjtzraottitiliz in aittonj, in
temamauhti, in tecoco, in toneviztli, in chichinaqujz-
tli: auh noce mjtzonmotlatiliz, mjtzomocxipachilviz,
mjtzonmjvaliz in tocenchan in mjctlan: tlalli tete-
peuhtiez, vncan nexixaloz in vncan ticmotlatolchia-
lia, in iehoatzin tloque naoaquc, in ioalli, ehecad,
inomatzi: auh qujoalmonequjltiz, in quccin qujoal-
monequjltiz, commopolviz, commotlatiliz, commo-
xixiniliz, conmomomoiaviliz in tlalcoalli, in acatza-
qualli, in tlachcujtetelli in onen tic$a$alo.
Auh ynjn, da oc moiolic da oc ximoquetza, tla oc
xidachia: tlacamo fan tiuhquj, in tiuhquj: tla oc
centctl in moiollo, tla oc ccntetl in moncmjliz, ccnca
tleh ticma: ma ie no cuel itla ic tommotccujnj, oc
nen xommjmattineraj. Auh cujx tictlacaitta in tlo-
que naoaque: in telpuchtli, in moiocoia, in titlacava
in tezcadipuca: ca iooalli, ca ehecatl:
xochpana, xitlacujcuj, chico, tlanavac xitlavica,
xitlateca: tictla^az, tictecujnjz in tlacatl, in telpuch-
tli: ca topan moqujxtitinemj, ca novian monemjtia,
ca ieleltzin qujquj^a: auh ca motequjtilia: auh ca
qujtemotinernj in jcnjuh.
Auh ynjn, tla xijauh: cenca ieh in ochpanalli, ipan
xidato, in tlacujcujliztli: auh in axcan titlapopoaz,
timopopoaz, titealtiz, titlatotiz, ticujcujcaz. Auh
izcatquj in motech pachiviz, in atl cecec, in tzitzi-
caztli: timo^avaz, timocexiuhfavaz: auh timjfoz:
auh in jpampa in teuhtli, tlagulli oticmavilti: titla-
coqujxtiz oppa, ceppa monacazco, ceppa moncnc-
pilco: oc cenca ipampa in tetlaxincaiotl, ioan ica
ipampa in motendca, in motlatoldca, ica otimoca-
panj, oica timoquavitec in mocotonca, moviltccca:
in otictlanenquali: ieh in amatl in copalli in mote-
qujuh in ticchioaz, in ticmanaz.
„ .„,
aue las vcas con tut oios en este mundo.
«Ms. no las pued* [sic] « r hs **
»
33
 0 J

"And see to him who thirstcth, who hungereth; Auh xoconjtta in mamjqujtia, in m o t c U C l V 1 " f in
who goeth moistening his lips, chewing his finger- jtentzin qujpalotincmj, injztitzi q u j t o p o n ^ n n c ^ ^
nails; who goeth skin and bone, who goeth like a omjsauhtincmj, in cicujliuhtinemj: oc. m ^
skeleton. Take from thy mouth the morsel; share xicana in tlapancatzintli, xictlapanj xicuai
it; offer it. • in iqucchtlan,
"And clothe him who goeth naked, who acquireth auh in petlauhtineinj in *°™maCi Jcaio ca no
not that which to hang from his neck, from his loins. in jquczpan pilcac, xicdaquctK C ^ ^ ixipda
For thy body is also as his, especially the sick one, tc, in ic: oc ccnca iehoatl in cocoxca
for he is the image of the lord of the near, of the in tloque naoaque.
nigh. rooiolic: tleh ticmati,
"Be careful; be yet careful. Pay close attendon. O ma fan m o i o l i c , auh ma oc naoaque: ca
ma mjtziocoli in totecujo in tloque,
May the lord of the near, of the nigh, recreate thee.
This is all; take thyself hence." ic i x q u j c h m a x ^ o v i c a t . u ^ jmotcut iaia, in
In t l a f u l t e u t l , q u j l m u c h m t a n ^ ^
It is said that all worshipped Tla^olteod as a god-
dess — all who called themselves Mexicans; especially jxqujehtin - o m e x ^ t - * ^
the Mixteca, the Olmeca guarded her as their true teca, in olmeca. vel inte , intlateutoqujliz,
goddess. For it is said of them, the Mixteca, when in iehoantm mjxteca y ~ 1P ^ ^ ^
yet in the time of their idolatry, that when one of ^ r ^ Z u i ^ - h i q u ^ a muchi ? a n
them was to die, he summoned the soothsayer, the qujdalia, in tlein oax, in tlein o q u j c h i u i i n i jtkpdcfc,
advised one. Before him he told, before him he
oal in jnequal, in jnequavitec: in at ichtec, in at itla
placed all that which he had done, ail that which
qujtecujli, muchi qujtoa: ade qujtlatia, atle qujnaia.
he had performed — his faults, his [pretended] good
Auh in tlapouhquj, in mano^o ticitl: qujnaoatia in
to others, his harming of others. Perhaps he had
stolen, perhaps he had taken something from some- cocuxquj in tedaxtlaviliz, in qujtecuepiliz in teaxca in
one. He told all, concealed nothing, hid nothing. tetlatquj.
And the soothsayer or the physician commanded die
sick one ro make restitution to one, to return to one
his property, his goods.
And as for the Huaxteca, it is said that they specifi- Auh in cuexteca; q u j l cenca vel qujnmoteutiaia
cally worshipped [the] Tlajolteotl goddesses.13 How- in tla^ulteteu: ^an a m o i m j x p a n tlamaceoaia, amo no
ever, they did no penance before them, nor did they moiolcujtiaia: ipampa a m o qujtlatlaculmatia in avil-
confess, because they did not consider lust as a nemjlizjotl.
wrong, 1 4
[As lor] the people of Michoacan, who, placed In m j c h h o a q u e , in jcce iaticac tonatiuh icala-
last, dwelt to the west, the old men knew not qujampa o n o q u e : a m o vel q u j m a t i in vevetque, in
whether TIafoltcod was worshipped. a ? o qujmoteutiaia in tla^ulteutl.

And neither did the Chichimeca worship [Tla- A u h in c h i c h i m e c a , a m o n o qujmoteutiaia: ipam-

foltcotl], bccause only one was their god, whose
name was Mixcoatl. They guarded his image. But
the god whose image they guarded n o t — t h e y only
guarded their anticipation of him — h i s names were
Voalli, FJiccatl, T1 oque nauaque, Opoche, Itzcaque,
ipalnemoani, Moyocoya, Moquequeloa.
pa ca gan ce in j n t e o u h catca, itoca Mixcoatl, in
qujpialiaia ixiptla: auh in a m o qujpialiaia ixiptlain
teutl, in ?an j i o ichial qujpialiaia itoca Iooalli ehe-
catl, tloque n a o a q u e , opoche, itzcaque, ipalnemoanj,
moiocoia, m o q u e q u e l o a .

jj ^

S 3 feL » - - -

34
 Eighth Chapter. 1 Here are told the words which
they uttered from their very hearts when they prayed
to Tlaloc to whom they attributed the rain Thev
said that he governed Tlalocan, which they consid-
"u 35 Paradise- StU1 o t h e r ff* hved
there, ca led Tlaloque, and one who was their older
sister called Chicome coatl. She was like Ceres. And
the priests thus prayed when it was a time of heat to
ask for rain. Highly admirable are the discourses;
there, many of the follies of ancient times are appar-
ent.
" O master, O our lord, O Tlamacazqui, 2 O Xo-
xouhqui, O lord of Tlalocan, O lord of incense, O
lord of copal: verily, now, the gods, the Tlamacaz-
que, the lords of rubber, the lords of incense, the
lords of copal — our lords — have taken refuge; 3
they have hidden for themselves [that which is as]
the prccious green stone, the bracelet, the precious
turquoise; they have taken with them their older
sister Chicome coatl, the sustenance, and the red
woman, the chili.
"And here, verily, now already the sustenance
lieth suffering, the older sister of the gods lieth out-
stretched. T h e sustenance already lieth covered with
dust, already it lieth enclosed in a spider web, already
it endureth fatigue, already it suffereth.
"And the common folk, the vassals, here already
perish; the eyelids are swollen; they become dry-
mouthed ; they become bony, become twisted, become
[as if] scraped [thin]. Thin are the lips, blanched
are the throats of the vassals. Of pallid eyelids are
those who are given sustenance — the babies, the
children, those who totter, those who crawl, those
who spend their time piling up earth [and] pot-
, , jn
1. A translation by Thelma D. Sullivan may be readI ,«.
Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de Mexico, 1 9 6 » , pp.
primer sentido ie aplica a los dtoses. en especma
,„ -
apl,ca a los mintstros secundarios del culto de los ant.guos m
a iron dido en su recogimjento" - * typical of Sanagu
our translation to the idea of "taking refuge, or dc g y
Ic chicuei capitulo, vncan mjtoa in tlatolli: in vei
injollocopa qujtoaia in jquac qujdadauhtiaia in tla-
loc: in jtech qujdamjaia qujavid: iuh qujtoaia ca
iehoatl vmpa datocatia in dallocan in juhq'ma
parayso tcrrenal ipan qujmatia: in vmpa nenca in
oc cequjn teteu, in jntoca daH que, ioan ce inveltiuh
ltoca chicome coad yn juhqujma ceres catca. Auh
lehoandn ic tladatlauhtiaia in denamacaque in jquac
tonalmanja injc qujiauhtlatlanja: cenca mavigauh-
quj in tlatolli, mjec in vncan neztoc in ie vecauh
netlapololrilizdi catca.
tlacade totecoe: tlamacazque, xoxouhque, tlallo-
catecutle yiauhioe, copalloe a ca nelle axcan ca omo-
toptenque, ca omopetlacaltenque in teteu in tlama-
cazque in olloque, in iauhioque, in copalloque in
totecujoan: a ca ocommotlatilique in chalchivid in
maqujztli, in teuxivitl: a ca oconmoviqujlitiaque in
jnveltioatzin yn chicome covatl in tonacaiutl: auh in
tlatlauhquj civatl in chiltzintli.
Auh iz nelle axcan ca ie tlajhijovitoc in tonacaiud,
ca ie ma vilantoc in teteu inveltiuh: in tonacaiutl ca
ie teuhpachiuhtoc, ca ie tocatzaoalqujmjliuhtoc ca
ie tlaihiiovia, ca ie tlaciavi.
Auh iz in maceoalli in cujtlapilli, in adapalli: ca
ie ixpolivi ca tlaixquatolpopo^aoa, tlaten^aquava,
tlaomj^avi, tlacoloivi, tlachichiqujlivi: datenpi-
tzaoa, tlaquechticeoa in cujtlapilli, in atlapalli ixqua-
tolfa^amactzin monemjtia in piltzintli, in conetzin-
tli, in moquequetza, in movilana: in tlalli, in tapal-
catl cololoa, in tlalli ixco ca: auh in quavic onoc, in
vapaltentoc: ca ie muchi tlacad commati in tone-
Estudios de culiura ndhuatl, V (Mexico: Institute cic Investigates Hist6ricas,
W
^ necesario para la vida; o sea, el Proveedor dtvtno. En
Garibay, Htstona, Vol. 11, p. 1U», 3,50
^ ^ or ^ ,jkc>
- *——
[hc
- £n"aly, 3daPKd
h
aVe g
corresponding Spanish tcxt-"anse
recopJo y
^
 sherds, those on thc ground, and those who lie on the
board, those who lie on the plank. Already all people
experience torment, affliction: already all people
witness suffering.
"And there are none at all who are passed over;
already all the little creatures suffer. The troupial,
the roseate spoonbill just drag [their wings]; they
are up-ended, tumbled headfirst ; they open and close
their bills [from thirst]. And thc animals, the four-
footed ones of thc lord of thc near, of the nigh, just
go here and there; they can scarcely rise; to no pur-
pose is thc ground licked; and they go crazed for
water. Already there is death, already all have
perished, all are lost. The common folk and the
animals already perish.
"And here our mother, our father, Tlaltecutli, is
already dried up; no more can hc nourish, no more
can he provide food; there is nothing more with
which to suckle that which germinateth, that which
lieth germinating, that which existeth as nourish-
ment of the common folk.
"And thc nourishment: there is no more of it; it
is gone, it hath disappeared. The gods, the Tlama-
cazque, carried it away, introduced it there into Tla-
locan. They have gone placing in retreat their fresh-
ness, their tenderness, thc ayauh tonan ,4 the tzitziqui-
htl? the itzmiquilitl? thc tcpicquilitP herbs, all the
tender, the fresh [ones]. That which fresheneth,
that which is tender, that which sprouteth, that
which blossomcth; the plants —those which come
from thee; thy flesh, thy freshness, thy tenderness,
(like) the precious green stone, the bracelet, the
precious turquoise, thc precious thing; only the
precious thing, thc nourishment whereby the world
remaineth alive, especially livcth, talketh, rejoiceth,
iaughcth: the sustenance, thc plants have gone, are
hidden.
"And now, O master, O our lord, O lord of Tla-
locan, O Tlamacazqui, in what manner doth thy
heart desire : Hast thou perhaps conceded it? Per-
haps it is thus? Perhaps it is all? Perhaps there is
no more? Perhaps the vassals, the common folk, will
just go, will just perish? Perhaps the city will lie
abandoned,
al]p
^Eanhjy *ThingiMooogTjphs'ot^Thc S&tol^o^Ameri can^R«c arch ^nd T ^
Am n ^ Kcfctrdi and Thc University of Utah, 1963) pp139 n 23 ?Q7 ' MU$CUm °f
5. Tuitiqudul: Erigtron p. I 3 6 , n . \ ' ' ^
* Ma embryonthemurn blandum. Ibid., p. l37f
viztli, in chichinaqujztli, ca ic muchi tlacatl conjt
in tccoco.
Auh fa fan njman aocac oncauhrica, ca ie īxqujc
tlaihiiovia in ioiolitzin in faquan, in qucchol: ca fa
tlamavilanj, fa nctzitzineoalo, fa nctzonjcquetzalo,
tlacacamachalivi. Auh in iolquj in jxochcohcoiooan
tloquc naoaquc, fa tlaiaiauh, fa netotopaneoalo, fa
ncn in tlaixpapalolo tlalli: auh ie tla acuecuenocivi,
» * , . tlaixpolivi:
I • ^ i i , r * . in
* •ie
atica in ie mjcoa, in ic polioa, in ie
polivi in maceoalli, auh in iolquj.
Auh iz in iehoatl in tonan, in tota in tlaltecutli
ca ie eivaquj: aocmo vel qujoapaoa, aocmo vel quj.
tlaqualtia, aocmo tie in qujchichitiz in jxoanj, ^
jxhoatoc: injc onoc in jncnca in jiulca in maceoalli
Auh ie iehoatl in iolcaiutl, aoc tie oia, opoliuh:
oqujtqujque, oqujcalaqujque in tcteu in tlamacazque
in vmpa dallocan: oconmotoptemjlito, oconmope-
tlacaltemjlito in jmjtzmolinca, in jncelica: in aiauh-
tonan, in tzitziqujlitl, in j t z m j q u j h t l , in tepicqujlid,
in jxqujch in celic, in jtzmolinquj, in jtzmolinjnj, in
celianj, in xotlanj, in cueponjnj in xiuhtzintli in
motechcopatzinco vitz in monacaiotzin, in motzmo-
linca in mocelica, in chalchiuhtli, in maqujztli, in
teuxivitl, in tlafotli: in f a ie ijo tlafotli in jnenca in
jmanca, in jiolca in cemanaoatl injc ioltimanj, in
mache ioli, in tlatoa in paquj, in vetzca in tonacaiud
in xiuhtzintli ca oia, ca omotlati.
A u h in axcan tlacatie, totecoe: tlalocatecude tla-
macazque, quen q u j n e q u j in moiollotzin: cujx oric-
momacavili, c u j x ie i u h q u j , c u j x ie ixqujch: cujxp
aocmo, c u j x f a iaz, c u j x f a poliviz in cujtlapilli, in
atlapalli in m a c e o a l l i : c u j x cauhtimanjz, cujx iova-
timanjz in atl, i n tepetl, c u j x ie ixqujch, cujx ic
^ ^crson: Co**, * »
N c W Mcxico > " Fc: ^ * *
*
n> 6<
36
Perhaps it is so? Perhaps it^was determined above
us, in the land of the dead ? Perhaos if k „ k 7
said of us. It hath been told above us
"Yet, [concede] just a little! T h e poor, those who
totter, who crawl, those on the ground, those who
lie on the board, who lie on the plank! those who
know n o t h i n g - w h a t have they been fed? What
will go to be their punishment ? And they know not
yet if we have caused offense in something above
us, in the land of the d e a d 8 - i f our stench, our rot-
tenness have arisen, have gone to arrive above us in
the heavens. Maybe it is all. Maybe it is so. Maybe
at this moment it will darken, all will be devastated,
all will be lost. In what manner may we speak ? In
what manner [would it be] to no purpose? And to
whom might we complain? For it hath been
declared.
"May the commoner rejoice, may he be glad. Let
it be definitively disposed, for already he suffereth
continual pain in his heart, in his body; for he is
stretched out in the heat all night, all day; for his
poor heart is burned up. 9
"A frightful thing is the serpent that lieth within;
it lieth slavering, lieth panting, lieth crying out. It
is a frightful thing as it burneth, as it crieth, as it
crackleth. 10
"May it soon come to pass, to happen — that which
the old men, the old women come knowing, come
guarding: that that which is above us will fall in;
that the demons will descend, will come to destroy
the earth, will come to eat the common folk; that
there will be eternal darkness on earth; that nowhere
will there be people on earth. T h e grandfathers, the
grandmothers come knowing it, come guarding it;
it cometh to be their store of knowledge that it will
come to happen, will come to pass, when it is already
the time of the end, when it is already the end of
the earth, when the earth hath become tired when
already it is all, when already it is so, when the seed
of the earth hath ended, when it hath become [as an
old man, [as] an old woman, when it is worthless,
8. Corresponding Spanish text: « S
saben que eosa es pecar. nj an ojendido a los du>ses del celo. n,
ojensas an llegado al cielo y al infierno. ..."
. . „ ,rto
9. Ibid.: "hagase. perdamonos todos: *
tiene, demandando de comer: es esta hambre tan i
cujx oitoloc in topan in mjcdan, cujx otitolo
^ que, otopan tlatoloc.
lece ? a ixqujtzin, motolinja in moquequetza, in
movilana in tlalli ixco ca, in quavic onoc, in oapal-
tentoc in aia qujmomachida, de ocuel conmoquald,
tie cuel conmotzacujlitiuh: auh ca aiamo iehoad
qujmomachida intla otitlaellelaxitique in topan in
mjcdan, inda otlecoc, inda oacidmoquetzato in topan
in jlvicac in djaca, in topalanca: a ce ixqujch, a ce
iuhquj, a ce imman in tlaiooaz, in daliooaz, in poli-
oaz quen tiqujtoanj, quen nen: auh ac tictolvianj,
ca nel omjto.
Manoce cuel mocujltono, motlamachti in mace-
oalli: ma cendamjc qujmati, ca ie totoneoa in jiollo
in jnacaio, ca ceiooal ca cemjlvitl in tlepan moteca,
ca tlecujlolo in jiollotzin:
ca temamauhti in coatl in jtic onoc in vallaztlactoc,
in oalneneciuhtoc, in oaltzatzitoc: ca temamauhti
injc datla, injc tzatzi, injc hicoioca.
Manoce 5a ie cuel neld, muchioa in qujmattiujtze
vevetque, ilamatque in qujpixdujtze ioalpachiviz
topan manj, in oaltemozque tzitzitzimj in qujpolo-
qujvi tlalli, in qujquaqujvi maceoalli, injc cemmaian
tlaiooaz tlalticpac: in acan iez daldcpac in qujmatti-
vitze, in qujpixtivitze in cultin, in cid in jnpial ieti-
vitze, in muchioaduh in neltitiuh, in ie tlaltzonpan,
in ie daltzonco in odatziuh in tlalli, in ie ixqujch in
ie iuhquj in odan in jxinach tlalli, in ovevetic, in
oilamatic in aioc de inecoca, in aiocmo teaditiz,
tetlamacaz: manexjo cuel iehoatl totecoe, ma necujl-
tonolo, ma netlamachtilo.
aflieidos 7V muertos de hambre? njngunu ofensas an hecho. nj
. , »•»_ L o nufttras
K ' f f ^ " ^ " '
cuframos ti prolixa fatiga que was graue es lo 1 padecemos.quea
con breuedad, porque no (u)ramos y commoner be impoverished, ruined, etc.
may be taken as veuuve-..e., May
 when it will no longer provide one with drink, with
food. O our lord, may there already be wealth, may
there be happiness.11
"And here truly now, may pestilence seize the Auh iz nelle axcan manoce cuculiztli qujcuj in
common folk. May it be the work, the labor,131 of maceoalli: ma ichoatl tequjtinj, tlacutinj, in mjctlan
Mictlan tecutli. Perhaps Chicome coatl, Cinteotl will tecutli, afoc achi qujinotqujtiz, qujpaleviz in chi-
yet have them carry a little, will help them. Perhaps come covatl, in cinccutl: a$oc mjctlampa achi atolad,
yet on the way to the land of the dead, she will put tlapanquj icamac actiaz ijtac ietiaz.
a little atole, a morsel into their mouths; it will be
their provision.
Auh manoce tequjtinj in tonatiuh, in quauhtle-
"And may they be workers18 for the sun, Quauh-
oanjcl, in xippilli, in riacauh in oqujchtli, in totona-
tleuanitl, Xippilli, the valiant warrior, the brave one,
metl in manjc: ca motitimalotiaz in maceoalli i n
Totonametl in manic, for the commoners, the eagle
quauhtli, in ocelutl: Ca ixtlahoatl itic, inepantla
warriors, the ocelot warriors will be provided with
mopopoiauhtoz, momoiaoatoz: in tzontli ticeoatoz,
glory. Within the desert, in the midst of it, they will
in omjcl in quaxicalli xaxamacaticaz: auh ie ontla-
be valiant; [their bones] will lie strewn. The hair
matiz in tonatiuh ichan, in vmpa aviltilo tonatiuh
will lie blanched, the bones, the skulls will be broken
in oioujlo in vmpa chichinalo in nepapan velic, aviac
up. And already they will know the home of the
xuchitl: in vmpa netimalolo in quauhtin, occlo, i n
sun. There the sun is gladdened, is cried out to.
iaomjeque, in tiacaoa in oqujehtin.
There the different savory, fragrant flowers are
sucked. There the eagle warriors, the ocelot warriors,
those who died in war, the valiant warriors, the brave,
are glorified. . -1 w l i in conetzintli in oc tototl, in oc
"And the babies, the children, those yet fledglings, A u r in n S
yet tender, those who know nothing, will be made atzinth: in a « qujmomachifia,
qujm ^ ca chalchiuhtita,
i c h a n > y d chal

precious green stones, will be made precious tur-

T h i r t l T u x i v - t l , vel teuxiuhtlamatilolli in polio,
quoises, in the heavens, in the home of the sun.
Their hearts are true precious green stones, true in conrnacaz tonatiuh: auh ca q a j t q i q t m ca īxillau
precious turquoises, true well-polished, precious tur- actiaz, ca ic ytaquetiaz, ca nachca conquetzauuh in
quoises, which they will give to the sun. And thy moveltioatzin, in teteu in tlamacazque inveltiuh in
older sister, the older sister of the gods, the Tlama- chicome coatl, in qan ie yio t o m j o , tonacaio, in 9m
c.izquc — Chicome coatl — will cause them to carry, ie ijo totopil tonetlaquechil, in qan ie ijo tonelpil
will insert in their entrails, will provide them with tochicaoaca: in q u j c e m m a c e u h maceoalli.
provisions, will go establishing them beyond. It is
the .vime as our bones, our flesh; the same as our
staff, our rod, the same as our girdle, our strength,
which the common folk have received as collective
merit.
'Rut this [hunger], O master, O our lord: now,
Auh i n j n tlacatle totecoe: in axcan ca nelli in
m truth, the common folk, the vassals, the subjects,
tecoco, in ie conjtta, in ie commati, in ie qujtimaloa
already witness, experience, magnify suffering, for
in maceoalli, in cujtlapilli, in atlapalli, in jtconj, in
they are really destitute; in truth, these same are
destitute. In truth, these same suffer, endure [hun- mamalonj in t l a m a m a l l i : ca ie vel vmpa onqujp,
ger]; the bones, the bodies of these same experience nelli vel ie, v m p a onquj^a, nelli vel ie conjhiiovii
nelli vel ie cociavi, nelli vel ie commati in jomjo>

MA* MmS: lpl7q'ul ZT.LI I s l L tr!87"' \dtman0 ™ man° a Ven'd0 ha«a "osotros. q»c sc a J< cumfr £
«» "*e< tobrt n o s o t r o , e harta- de produz,r mas ™«ras. Sefior nuestro por riquezl, y passaucmpos

38
,t; suffering hath reached their very hearts. Not just
once, not just twice do they endure, do they en
counter death. And thereafter [so do] the lint"
animals. J "LUC
"And now, O master O ruler, O Xoxouhqui, O
lord of rubber, O lord of incense, may it be thy will-
look with affection at the common folk- for the
governed are already gone, already perished, already
destroyed, crushed, shattered. Already all is lost on
earth; already it dneth up, it dieth. T h e insects, the
animals are already destroyed.
"May it be thy will: grant that our lords, the gods
the Tlamacazque, the lords of incense, the lords of
copal may do their labor, may do their duty on earth.
May the wealth, the riches be opened up. May mist
rattle boards billow; 1 4 may cloud rattle boards15
shake. May they take up the rubber sandals. Help,
favor Tlaltecutli with a drop, a sprinkle of rain; he
raiseth, he nourisheth the people. And console that
which lieth suffering, the maize, the precious prince,
the older sister of the gods, who lieth stretched on
the ridge, who is faint on the ridge, who is weak-
ened.
"May the common folk rejoice, may they be glad. 16
May they behold, may they marvel at [that which is
as] the precious green stone, the precious turquoise
— the plants, the substance of our lords, the Tlama-
cazque, the Tlaloque, who come bringing, come
sprinkling, come bearing their goods. And may the
animals, the plants rejoice [and] be glad. May the
roseate spoonbill, the troupial sing, flutter, sip [flower
nectar].
"And may it be that the annoyance, the fury, not
go on appearing for the common folk, who he
thinned by the heat. They will be afraid of it; they
will take fright because of it. 1 '
"Let there be no fury. May they take, may they
strike [with lightning] only those whose gift it was
to have lived, to have been born at the time of those
who belong there in Tlalocan, those whose posses-
sion, whose gift it is. May they not mock the vassa s
who travel all the forest, all the grasslands, who hll
all the desert. May they also in no manner harm
~ viauhchicaoazttt: read ayauhcHicaua.ūL Cf. ^
15. aiachquavitl: the term could refer to ^ I s ' d e Z
reads, "mueuanse las sonajas de alegrta que son bauulos
17. Corresponding Spanish text: flac0S
ques con trucnos. y rayos como los maceguai ,
jnacaio, ie vel itech onaci in jiollo in tecoco: amo ? an
n X 3 m u ? a n ° P P a m ' ^ U ' Z t l i i n i e ^ j ^ o a , in ie
qujtta: auh n.man ie ieh in iulcatzintli.
Auh in axcan tlacatle, tlatoanje, xoxouhque, olloe,
yiauhioe manogo xicmonequilti, m a n i o c monacazti-
tlanpatz.nco xicmottili in maceoalli: ca ie iauh, ca ie
pohvi, ca ie ixpolivi, ca ie xamanj, ie xaxamaca in
t atqujtl in tlamamalli, ie daixpolivi in tlalticpac ie
tlaoaquj ie mjquj in tlachichinanj, in manenemj ic
īxpoliuj:
mano^o xicmonequjlti, ma xiqujnmomacavili y
totecujoa, in tcteu, in tlamacazque in jauhioque in
copalloque: ma motlacotiliquj, ma motequjtiliquj,
in tlalticpac: ma tlapovi in nccujltonolli, in netla-
machtilli ma molonj yiauhchicaoaztli ma viujxavi in
aiachquavitl: ma qujmocujlican in olcactli, ma cen-
tlachipinaltzin, ma centetzintli haoachtzintli ic xic-
mopalevili ic xicmonanamjqujli in tlaltecutli in
tlacaoapaoa in tlacazcaltia: auh manofo xicmoiolla-
lili in tlaihiiovitoc in tonacaiutl in tla^opilli in teteu
inveltiuh in cuenco momavilanaltitoc, in cuenco
mo<;otlaviltitica, in mjhiiocavilia:
ma mocujltono ma motlamachti in maceoalli, ma
qujtta ma qujmavi^o in chalchivitl in teuxivitl in
qujltzintli in jnnacaiotzin totecujoa in tlamacazque
in tlaloque, in qujtqujtivitze, in qujtzetzclotivitze
in jntlatquj ietiujtz. Auh ma mocujltono, ma motla-
machti in iulcatzintli in xiuhtzintli: ma tlato ma
papatlaca, ma tlachichina in quechol in faquan:
auh macano^omo imelleltzin, in tlaveltzin oalmo
quetzatiuh, ca tonalpitzavatoc in maceoalli qujmo-
mauhtilizque qujmj^avilizque:
macamo motlatlaveltitzitzinoca, ma fan iehoatl
qujmanjlica, qujmovitequjlican in ie innemactzin, in
jpan iol, in jpan tlacat in vmpa pouhquj tlaloca: in
jmaxcatzin in jnnemactzin: macamo ica maviltizque
in cujtlapilli, in atlapalli, in cenquavitl, in cen?acatl
mantiuh, in cemjxtlaoat1 tetimanj. Macamo no quen
qujmuchiujlican in xoxovixtoc in quavitl, in metl, in
^ ^ ^ ,,,,„ p. ,45. ^ corresponding Spanish *,«
scores dieses del agua. • •
^ ^ appropnate t0 thc context.
y toda la gent* W ^Utada
that which licth green —thc trees, the maguey, the nopalli in jxqujch ixvatoc: ca .tlaanca ca i j u J ^ in

nopal, all which heth germinating —for they are the maceoalli, ca inenca in jcnotlacatl, in ^
source, thc life of thc common folk, thc support of aiavia in avellamati in tlacnocavalli, in ^ rootetecati
thc poor, thc unhappy, thc discontented, the for- jcochca in jneuhea in jcoaioiotzin it
saken, thc useless, those whose sustenance appeareth nemj yn jtech icoiocatinemj.
not, whose intestines go stuck to their sides, go
rumbling. cazeme: ma tlacaoa ma
"O master, O precious nobleman, O Tlamacazqui, Tlacadc tlafopille, in tlaUi: loan
may thou incline, may thou do good in thy heart, dacoti in moiollotzin ma ^ ^ i x c Q q U j z t i n e m j . A ca
Console the earth and all which live thereon: those in jxqujch itech nemj, XI? a r z i l i a j n nauhcac antcmj,
which travel on the face of the earth. I call out, I namcchnotza, ca n a r a ^ C d a i n a C a z q u e , in antepeioque,
cry out to ye who occupy the four quarters, ye who in anxoxouhque in ^ ^ j ^ ^ i c a c a n , m a xioalvia: ma
are the Xoxouhque, ye who are the Tlamacazquc, in amoztoioquc ma * ^ c e o a ] \ i 9 ma ximotlaavililiq U j
ye who are lords of the mountains, ye who arc lords xicmoiollahliquj m tQC^ c a o n t z a t z i t o c in tlalli, in
of the caves. Come back; comc, consolc the common in tlalticpac: ca o j m u c h i onmotemachitoc,
folk. Water the earth, for the earth, thc living crca- ivlquj, in xivitl, in ^ totccoanc.
tures, the herbs, the stalks remain watching, remain ma xioalmjcivitica
crying out, for all remain trusting. Be diligent, O
gods, O our lords/'

40
 Ninth Chapter. Here are told the words which
the ruler spoke when he had been installed as ruler
to entreat Tezcathpoca because of having installed
him as ruler, and to ask his help and his reveladon
that [the ruler] might fulfill his mission. Very manv'
are his words of humility.
" O master, O our lord, O lord of the near, of the
nigh, O night, O wind, thou hast inclined thy heart.
Perhaps thou hast mistaken me for another, I who
am a commoner; I who am a laborer. In excrement,
in filth hath my lifetime been — I who am unre-
liable; I who am of filth, of vice. And I am an imbe-
cile. W h y ? F o r what reason? It is perhaps my
desert, my merit that thou takest me from the excre-
ment, from the filth, that thou placest me on the
reed mat, on the reed seat ?
" W h o am I ? W h o do I think I am that thou
movest me among, thou bringest me among, thou
countest me with thy acquaintances, thy friends, thy
chosen ones, those who have desert, those who have
merit? Just so were they by nature; so were they
born to rule; thou hast opened their eyes, thou hast
opened their ears. And thou hast taken possession of
them, thou hast inspired them. Just so were they
created, so were they sent here. They were born at
a time, they were bathed at a time, their day signs
were such that they would become lords, would
become rulers. It is said that they will become thy
backrests, thy flutes. Thou wilt have them replace
thee, thou wilt have them substitute for thee, thou
wilt hide thyself in them; from within them thou
wilt speak; they will pronounce for thee - those who
will help, those who will place on the left, who will
place in obsidian sandals, and who will pronounce
for thy progenitor, the mother of the gods, the tatner
of the gods, Ueueteotl, who is set in the center ot tne
hearth, in the turquoise enclosure, Xiuhtecudi wn
batheth the people, washeth the people, ana
1. Note comparable passages in Chaps. 4 and 17.
41
Ic chicunavi capitulo, vncan mjtoa in tlatolli: in
qujtoaia tlatoanj, in jquac omodatocadali ynic qujda-
t auhtiaia Tezcatlipuca: in jpampa in oqujtlatoca-
tlal i, loan injc qujdanjliaia in jtepaleviliz ioan in
Jtedanextiliz injc vei qujchioaz in jtequjuh: cenca
miec in jnecnomachiliztlatol
Tlacatle totecoe, tloquee, naoaquee iooalle eheca-
tle: otlacauhquj in rnoiollo, a$o tinechmotlanevilia
in njmaceoalli in njtlapalivi: in cujtladdan in tlagul-
dtlan nonemja, in anjcemelle in njteuhio, in njtla-
£ullo. Auh in anommad in njxco, in nocpac: tlcica,
tie ipampa: cujx nolujl, cujx nomaceoal in cujtlad-
dan, in tla^ultitlan in tinechmanjlia? in petlapan, in
jcpalpan tinechmotlalilia?
ac nehoatl, ac njnomati in jntlan tinechmjquanjlia
in jntech tinechmaxitilia, in jntech tinechmopovilia
in motlaiximachoan, in mocnjoan, in motlapepenal-
hoan in jlvileque, in maceoaleque: in qan njman
juh iulque, in juh dacatque in petlatizque, in jcpal-
tizque, in dqujmjxcoionj, in dqujnnacaztlapo: auh
in tiqujxox, in dqujmjpitz: in gan njman iuh ioco-
loque, iuh oalivaloque: in jpan tlacatque, in jpan
maldque: in juhcan ca intonal in tecudzque, in
datocadzque, in mjtoa, in monetlaxonjoa, in moda-
dapitzalhoan muchioazque, in tiqujnmoujdz, in
dqujnmopadllotiz, in tiqujnmonaoaltiz in jmjtic
dtlatoz, in mjtzdatenqujxdlizque, in qujnanamjqujz-
que, in copuchtizque, in qujtzcacdzque: auh in quj-
tlatenqujxtilizque in motechiuhcauh in teteu inna,
in teteu inta, in veueteutl in tlexicco, in xiuhtetza-
qualco maqujtoc in xiuhtecudi in tcahaltia, in tepa-
paca: auh in qujcotonjlia, in qujeavilia in jpohvia
in jacoqujfaia in cujtlapilli, in adapalli in maceoalli.
 determineth, who concedeth the destruction, the
exaltation of the vassals, of the common folk.2
"O master, O lord of the near, of the nigh, thou Tlacatle, doquee, naoaquee: o d a c a u h q u j in mo-
hast inclined thy heart, thou hast shown me mercy. iolio otinechmocnelili: ago inchoqujz, ago intlaocul:
Perhaps it is [because of] the weeping, the sorrow- ago invitz, ago imjeuh \ecatlan
ing, of the old men, the old women, those who have vevetque, in jJamatquc in ic nachca o m m a n u u j :
gone beyond to reside; perhaps it is [because of ] their
spines, their maguey3 which they left planted deep. ma ? an ne njnotta ma n j c n o l v i l t o c a , ma njenomac-
"May I not regard myself. May I not consider :a in njctemjquj, in n j c c o c h i t l e o a : in tlatcon, m
coca
myself worthy of the favor, may I not consider myself tlamamalonj, in otic, in a e o a l i z t l i in aixnamjqujhzth:
deserving of that of which I dream, which I see in in vey qujmjlli, in vei c a c a x t l i , in aqujiecotivi i n l c
dreams. It is the load, the burden on the back, heavy, nachca ommantivi, in omjtzmotlapiahhco in opetla-
intolerable, insupportable; the large bundle, the large
carrying frame which those who already have gone rico, yn oicpaltico.
to reside beyond went assuming when they came to
guard for thee, when they came to reign. Qa ie ixqujehtzin tlacatle, totecoe: tloquee, naoa-
"It is all, O master, O our lord, O lord of the near, lee, iooalle, ehecatle, teiocoianje, tehimatinje, techi-
quee cotolinja,
of the nigh, O night, O wind, O Teyocoyani, O Tei- l , 7 " n ; 7 quen njcnochiviliz in matzin
auen matzin,
matini, O Techichiuani. Poor am I. In what manner chioanje: " l ^: ^quen ^^'^ c h i o a z in tlatqujtl, in tlama-
njcchioaz tlarrm'
shall I act for thy city? In what manner shall I act ^ r r » in atlapalli: ca njxpopoiotl, Ca
- . ,

for the governed, for the vassals ? For I am blind, I m ' ? Trl\ ca a n o m m a t i in njxco, m nocpac: auh
am deaf, I am an imbecile, and in excrement, in filth c T c u T d a X : tla^ultitlan n o n e m j a : auh ca qujlitl
)Ca
hath my lifetime been; and my desert, my task, is
nuavitl nolvil notequjuh. #
greens, is wood.4
Auh ca vnca in vel noLhvil, in vel nomaceoal, in
"And here my real desert, my real merit, my real
vel nonemac in jxpopoiotl, in cocototztli, in palana-
gift is blindness, paralysis, rottenness. And the tatters,
liztli: auh in tzotzomatli, in aiagulli, ca iehoatl nol-
the miserable cape are my desert, my merit, my gift.
And I am that which should be carried, I am that vil, nomaceoal: ca iehoatl n o n e m a c : auh ca nehoatl
which should be borne upon the back; for there are njtconj, njmamalonj, ca oncate in mocnjoan, in
motlaiximachoan.
thy friends, thy acquaintances.5
"However, thou hast determined it; thou art pro- Auh ca tel oticmjtalhvi ca titlavevetzqujtilo in tlal-
vided with laughter on earth. May thy spirit, thy ticpac: ma popouj, m a ixtlavi in mjhiiotzin, in
word be regarded; may they be satisfied. motlatoltzin:
"Perhaps thou mistakest me for another; perhaps ago tinechmotlanevilia, ago noca timotlatemolia.
thou seekest another in my stead. Behold, thou wilt Ha toconmocujliz, ha toconmjquanjliz, ha toconmj-
take unto thyself, wilt move unto thyself, wilt hide nailiz in momavizio, in motleio: in otonciavic in
unto thyself thy wonder, thy glory. Thou hast otontzavic. H a toconmomaqujliz in vel mocnjuh, iin
become tired, thou art vexed. Behold, thou wilt give motlaiximach: in chocanj, in tlaocuianj, in
it to thy real friend, thy real acquaintance, the in maceoale.
weeper, the sorrower, the sigher, the deserving one.
4 Do I dream ? Do I see in dreams ?
A manogo njtemjquj, manogo njcochitleoa.
l a
fuel Tu ZtZ Zt 7e'lZ que-\coniormZ; c o \ e l q u e r e r d e l anti * u o du "' y '« ^«"
h S f u Z xltuTl taTZliT " r e CroSSCd ° U / ] " " " almenas [rT0SaS is - o s s c d out] ccrcaio de pldras como «

• • • will place in obsidian sandals," see Chap! 43 P ™S ^ n e r o s a s : <™ba dichas." On the phrase, "will pl*t
J C S " rMd mW " - -dence here and in Chap. 25 favor this translation rather than * * *
4- Corresponding Spanish text: "y mj facuhad
AMER Y U A
5- Ibid, -pues que tcneys muchos am, S07V J..Z-
«»>Sos, y muchos conocidos
^ "
a
V
, "
' * °
" 0 S " * cn P^eys encomendar este cargo.'

42
 '"Thou who art here thou who art Teimatini thou
who art Teyocoyam thou w h o art Techichiua^ do
not conceal, do not hide thy spirit, thy word ' in
"For hardly are we given explanation. What is
the road I shall follow ? What way shall I make
Do not conceal, do not hide the mirror, the torch thl
Hght May I not carry things into dangerous pkces.
May I not direct, introduce the governed into the
forest, to the cliff. May I not cause one to encounter
to see the way of the rabbit, of the deer.0 And mav
I • r «I -I
something [evil] not move upon me; may warfare
not move, unfold upon me. May hunger, may
famine not befall me.
" T o what purpose, in what manner shall I deal
with the governed? Where shall I take them?
Where shall I introduce them? Wretched have I
become. What can I [do], I who am untrained,
ignorant ?
"And may sickness not unfold upon me, not spread
upon me. What will result when already thou, lord
of the near, of the nigh, makest thy city a place of
desolation ?7 What will result when already it lieth
abandoned, lieth darkened? And what will result
when filth, when vice have come upon me? What
will result when I have ruined the city ? What will
result when I depart leaving the governed asleep,
when I gladly leave them ? What will result when
I cast the common folk into the torrent; cast them
from the crag?
"O master, O our lord, O night, O wind, do not
depart completely. Come passing by here; know
the humble reed enclosure, the mound of earth, for
I await thee at thy humble home, at thy humble
waiting place. I do what I can for thee, I place my
trust in thee. I request, I seek, I expect, I ask of thee
thy spirit, thy word, with which thou hast possessed,
with which thou hast inspired thy friends, thy
acquaintances, who ordered things for thee on thy
reed mat, on thy reed seat, thy place of honor. It is
where thou art given a proxy, where thou art replaced
by another, where thou art substituted, where there
is pronouncing for thee, where there is s p e a k . n g to
thee, where thou usest one as a flute, where thou
speakest from within one, where thou makest
niqujt*i: cf. Chap. «3;
6. m* ro^n yiovi njcnamjcU
' ' what-
7. T«nc
h c corrcspona.ng
corresponding Spanish text
^ f • q Ue, no
oiguna pesuUneia. sobre los que tengo de regir, y
a cuestas...
titeCchtīTeViltitiCa'in titehimatini in titeiucoianj,
m a c a n o ^ o « q u j n a i , macano-
fomo xictlati in mjhijo, in motlatol:
ca fan tequjtl titlatenqujxtililo, catle in vtli in njc-
tocaz, catlc in njochioaz? macamo xicmjnaili, maca-
mo xicmotlatili in tczcatl, in ocutl in tlavilli: ma
nenoatl ovican njtlavica, ma quauhtla, ma texcalla
njcvica, njccalaquj in tlatqujt 1 in tlamamalli: ma
tochin mafad yiovi njcnamjcti njqujttiti: auh ma ida
* *11VJ m a y
nopan olin: ma teuatl ma dachinolli nopan molinj,
moiocux: ma apizdi, ma maianalizdi nopanti,
quen nen, quen njcnochiviliz, campa njcnoviqujliz,
campa njccalaqujz in tlatqujd, in tlamamalli: omu-
chiuh onotlaueliltic, quen vel nehoapul in anjnozca-
lia, in anjnjmati:
auh ma nopanti ma cocoliztli nopan moman: quen
mach nenti, in ie inencauhian ticmuchivilia in titlo
que, tinaoaque, quen mach nenti in ie cactimanj, in
ie iooatimanj in matzin, in motepetzin: Auh que
mach nenti in onopan ooalla in teuhtli, in tlafulli,
quen mach nenti in onjctlafulmjcti in atl, yn teped:
quen mach nenti in onjccochcauh, in onjcpaccacauh
in tlatqujd, in tlamamalli: quen mach nenti in onjc-
atoiavi, in onjctepexivi in maceoalli.
Tlacatie totecoe, iooalle, ehecatle macanofomo cen
ximovica, ma xioalmoqujxtitiuh, ma xiqualmoma-
chiti in icnoacatzaqualli, in tlachcujtetelli: ca njmjtz-
nochialia in mocnocha, in mocnochialoca: ca movic-
patzinco njnentlamati ca njmjtznotemachilia, ca
njqujtlanj, ca njctemoa, ca njctemachia ca njmjtzitla-
n jlia in mjhijo, in motlatol: injc tiqujnxox, injc
tiqujmjpitz in mocnjoa, in motlaiximachoan in vel
mjtztlatlatlalilitoque in mopetlapa, in mocpalpan in
momaviziocan: in vncan topuchtilo, in vncan titz-
cactilo, in vncan timotevivitia, in vncan timotepatil-
lotia in vncan titlatenqujxtililo, in vncan titlatalvilo,
in vncan timotetladapitzaltia, in vncan teitic titlatoa,
in vncan timoteixtia, timotenacaztia, in vncan timo-
tetentia, timotecamachaltia:
Olmos, op. cit.> pp. 2 1 6 - 1 7 .
^
^ ^ ^^ fl ^
Pcrmi* tal caso tengo de hazer, r>j por
sabre lo que
43
 thy eyes, thy ears; where thou makest one thy mouth,
thy jaw.8
"And there thou art provided with laughter; there auh in vncan t i d a v e v e t z q u j t i l o , in v n ^ n c a n j n t lan
thou selectest one, thou screenest one out; there thou penjlia, timotetlatzetzelhoazvilia, m ^ ^ nclli
livest, thou rejoicest among thy real friends, thy true tinemj, in jntlan tipaquj in vei• ^ ^ tiqujm-
acquaintances. There thou takest possession of, thou motlaiximachoan, in vncan tiq e l c i c i v i n j in vei
inspirest the weeper, the sorrower, the sigher, those jpitza in chocanj, in d a o c u i a ^ ^ ^ ^ tiqujntla-
who truly deliver their minds, their hearts to thee. mjtzmaca in jmjx, in 1]oUo' ^ vncan tiqujnma-
And there thou dost bequeath them, there thou mamaca, in vncan ^ x apo, in vmpa ton-
arrayest them with, there thou givest them the broad njlia in coiaoac tezcatl, m t i q U - n m a C a uq^uquc-

mirror, the two-faced mirror wherein we commoners neci in timaceoalti, in ^ ^ C emanaoac tlavia,
chilia in tomavac ocutl in y
appear. There thou givest them, thou settest up for
them the thick torch, the clear one which lighteth, tlanextia:
illurnineth the world.9 « Hnuinmodamamaqujlia, in vei tiquj n .
"And there thou dost bequeath them, thou array- auh in vncan uqujnm ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
est them with, thou placest upon them, thou honorest mocencavilia, ri , jlvia in tetepeiotl, b
them, glorifiest them with the peaked hat, the tur- m O V C 1 t l u h T n a c o c h t l i , in tentetl, in tlalpil 0njj
quoise diadem, and the earplug, the lip plug, the
r „ V S l - . t S cotzcoad, in cozcari, in
head band,10 the arm band, the band for the calf
of the leg, the necklace, the precious feather. Auh iehoatl in mototonca, in moiamanca, in motz-
"And [there] thy heat, thy warmth, thy freshness, molinca in mocelica, in motzopelica, in maviaca in
thy tenderness, thy sweetness, thy fragrance come motechcopa vitz: auh in vncan maceoalo in jvi^.
from diee; and there is received as merit the peace, iotl, in iocuxcaiotl, in paccanemjliziotl in achitzinca
the contentment, the peaceful life, the moment of
in 'mopaltzinco nevelmachiliztli. A u h in vncan
well-being by thy grace. And there are received as
maceoalo in cocototztli in jxpopoiotl, in aiagulli in
merit paralysis, blindness, the miserable cape, rags.
tatapatli: auh in vncan titlanjlilo in vncan hicivitilo
And there is demanded of thee, there is hastened thy
in motepolovaia, in motetlatiaia in mjqujztli.
time of destroying one, thy dme of hiding one:
death.
"O master, O Teyocoyani, O Teimatini, O Techi- Tlacatle teiucoianje, tehimatinje, techichioanjc:
chiuani, is it perhaps of my own doing, I being a com- cujx nonnoiocoia in njmaceoalli in quenjn nonnc-
moner, the manner in which I shall live, what I shall mjz, in tlein nonaiz, in tlein noconchdoaz in mope-
do, what I shall perform ? Thou wilt determine the tlapan, in mocpalpan in momaviziocan, in quenjn
way on thy reed mat, on thy reed seat, thy place of toconmonequjltiz: auh in quenjn tinechonmont-
honor. And howsoever thou wilt require of me, that qujliliz, ca iehoatl nonaiz, ca iehoatl noconchioaz,
I shall do, that I shall perform. Whichsoever road in catle vtli tinechmottitiliz: ca iehoatl nocontocai
thou wilt show me, that one I shall follow; what- in catlehoatl tinechmoiollotiliz, ca ie njqujtoz, a
soever thou wilt reveal unto me, that I shall say, that iehoatl njctenqujxtiz.
1 shall pronounce.
" 0 master, O our lord, I leave myself, I place
Tlacatle, totecoe: ca mocemmactzinco njnocaoi
myself completely in thy hands, for I cannot govern
njnotlalia, ca a m o njnotquj, ca amo njnomama,aff
myself; for I am blind, I am darkness; I am the
njnoiocoia, ca njxpopoiotl ca njtlaiooalli, ca flj»
corner, / am the wall. May thou incline thy heart-
molli ca njcaltechtli: m a tlacaoa in moiollotzin^

iona8. Corresponding Spanish text: "dōde a un lado, y a otro se sientan vfos senadores, y principales, que son vuestra ymagen, y
dellos pr0pr a:
' ' . '"! 1uaUs V hablan, en las cosas de la republica en vfo nombre, y vsays dellos, como de vfas ftautas, ^
y p0njend00' n m! carat- y ™ «" oydos. y habriendo sus bocas. para bien hablar.. . . ,

10. Ibid.:
el tlalpilonj, que es la borla de la cabe(a... »

44
require that I deserve, that I merit a little a h\t ,
fircfly-flash of thy torch, thy light, thy rrirror,
order that, as if in dreams, as if seeing in dreams
[I endure] for a while a day. I shall bring abouī
for thee the ruination of government, the laughable
the folly on thy reed mat, on thy reed seat, on thy
place of honor.
" O master, O our lord, come passing by here, that
I be not ruined, that I be not endangered, and that
I be not murmured against,
"O master, O our lord, verily I am thy backrest, I
am thy flute; not by m y desert, not by my merit.' I
am thy hps, I am thy jaw, I am thy eyes, I am thy
ears. And me, a commoner, a laborer, thou hast
made thy teeth, thy fingernails. Insert, place within
me a little of thy spirit, of thy word; it is that which
is ever heeded and is irrefutable."
This he prayed standing, standing bowed, standing
head bowed, placing the feet well together. And
the very devout stood naked. Perhaps he first offered
copal in the fire or offered incense. And when some-
one stood, cape tied on, he placed his knot in front.
And when someone squatted — placed himself as a
man — he placed his knot over his shoulder.
xicmonequjlti ma achitzin, ma tepitzin, ma icpidca-
tzintli njcnopild, nomaceoalti in mocotzin, in moda-
viltzin, in motezcatzin: injc temjeteuh, cochideuh-
teuh achica cemilvid, daxoxopeoaliztli, vevetzcaiud,
chocholocaiutl njmjtzonnochivililiz in mopedapan,
in mocpalpan in momaviziocan.
Tlacade, totecoe: ma xioalmoqujxdduh ic avel
in onondapolo, ic avel mononovitic, auh ic avel in
onopan dacaoacac:
tlacade, totecoe, ca nel njmonedaxonjuh, ca njmo-
datlapitzal in maca nocnopil, in maca nomaccoal
ca njmoten, ca njmocamachal, ca njmix, ca njmo-
nacaz: auh ca njmotlan, ca njmozd tinechmuchivi-
lia in njmaceoalli, in njdapalivi: ma achitzin njtic
xicmocalaqujli, xicmomacavili in mjhiio in motlatol,
in iehoad centemachtli: auh in atlacuepquj:
Injn datladauhtia moquetzticac, momalcochoticac,
toloticac, vel qujnnevanmana inicxi. Auh y cenca
tlateumaunj pedauhdeae, a?o achtopa copaltema in
deco, ano$o denamaca: auh in aca modalpiliticac
ixpāpa qujdalia in jnedalpilil: auh in aca eoatica
moqujchtlalia yaculpan qujtlalia in jnedalpilil.
45
 Tenth C h a p t e r Here are told the words with
which they greeted and with which they p r a v e H in
the ruler after he had been installed. A n d ^
words or prayers someone said who was a great
pnest or a great nobleman, or some great dignitary
who knew the words well. These words are very
admirable and the metaphors are very difficult; the
sermon is very good.
"O master, O ruler, O precious person, O precious
one, O valued one, O precious green stone, O pre-
cious turquoise, O bracelet, O precious feather, thou
art here present; the lord of the near, of the nigh, he
by whom we live, hath set thee here. Now, in truth,
thy p r o g e n i t o r s , t h y g r e a t - g r a n d f a t h e r s , have
departed, have gone on to reside. Our lord hath
destroyed, hath hidden those who already have gone
to remain beyond — the ruler N., and the ruler N.,
etc. For they departed placing, they departed leaving
the bundle, the carrying frame, the governed —
heavy, intolerable, insupportable. 1
"Do they still know of their city, which already
lieth abandoned, which already lieth darkened, which
our lord hath already made his place of desolation ?
Do they still frequent that which is already com-
pletely forest, which is already completely desert,
where the governed g o ? A n d the vassals no longer
possess a mother, no longer possess a father. And
no longer doth the city have the able, the prudent.
They are as if mute; they speak not; they talk not;
they are as if beheaded.
"Behold, there came the master, the ruler, the
leader N., whom, for a while, for a short time, the
city borrowed. T h e city borrowed h i m ; [it seemed
that] it dreamed of him, it saw him in d r e a m s t o r
the master, our l o r d , hath s u m m o n e d him, n a t n
called out for h i m ; for the l o r d of the n e a r ot rne
nigh, hath placed him in retreat. 2 For
to know, hath followed, hath arrived with his gre
r c ^ " ^ text: « "
2. Ibid, "porque Ie Homo nuestro seiior, para poner e.
» "I eo)re guardajot...."
Ic ma lacth capitulo, vncan mjtoa in tlatolli: injc
qujtlapaloaia, loan injc qujdatlauhtiaia in tlatoanj in
qujn omotlali. Auh injn tlatolli, mana ? o tlatlatlauh-
tUiztli qujtoaia ce aca vei denamacac: ano^o vei
pilh, ano^o aca vei tecutlato, in vel qujmatia tlatolli
cenca mavi ? auhquj injn tlatolli, ioan cenca ohovi
in machiotlatolli: cenca quaqualli in tenonotzaliz-
tlatolli.
Tlacatle tlatoanje, da^otitlacatle, tla?otzintle, tla-
?otle chalchiuhtle, teuxiujtle maqujztle, quetzalle: a
ca tioalmovetzitia a ca njcan mjtzalmotlalilia in tlo-
que, in naoaque in jpalnemoa. A ca nelle axcan, ca
oiaque ca omotecato in motechiuhcaoan, in machco-
colvan in oqujnpolo, in oqujntlati in totecujo in ie
nachca ommantiuj: in tlacatl in. N. auh in tlacatl
in. N. etc. ca oconquetzteoaque, ca oconcauhteoaque
in qujmjlli, in cacaxdi, in tlatconj in tlamamalonj, in
etic in aeoaliztli in aixnamjqujliztli.
A mach oc qujvalmati in imauh in jntepeuh, in
ie cactimanj, in ie iooatimanj in ie inencauhian quj-
muchivilia totecujo: a mach oc oallamati in ie cen-
quavid, in ie cemjxtlaoatl mantiuh in datqujtl, in
tlamamalli: auh in aoc nane, in aoc tate in cujtla-
pilli, in atlapalli, auh in aoc ixe, in aoc nacace, in
aoc iollo in ad, in tepetl: in ma iuh nontitica, in
amo naoati, in amo tlatoa in ma iuhquj quechcoton-
tica.
, A ca iz onjcatiuh in tlacatl in datoanj, in tlacate-
cutli in N. in oc uel achic, in oachitzinca ontladaneuh
in alteped: in oqujmotlanevi in atl in tepetl, in oquj-
temjc in oqujcochitleuh: ca oqujoalmonochili, ca
oqujo'almotzatzilili in tlacatl, in totecujo: ca ocon-
motoptemjli, ca oconmopetlacaltemjl. in tloque in
naoaque A ca oqujmomma, ca oqu)montocac: auh
c a ointech onacic in jachcocolvan, in jtechiuhcaoan:
el ricogimjenlo de * — "" """ "
47
 grandfathers, his progenitors; for he hath followed, a ca ocontocac, ca oitech onacic in tonan, in tota in
he hath arrived by our mother, our father, Micdan mjctlan tecutli:
tecutli.
"So, wherever one hath gone, will he yet return ? in maca fan cana viloaia mach oc oalmocuepaz:
It is all. It is so. He hath left forever. It was once ca ie ixqujch ca ie iuhquj ca ocen onqujz, ca occn-
and for all. Definitively he disposeth of the city. No maian catca, ca centlamjc qujmati in atl in teped, ca
more will he come to emerge, to appear for a while. aocmo macujl matlac onqujfaqujuh, ommoquetza-
qujuh, ca ocen motopten mopetlacalten, auh ca oia,
Forever he hath gone to his retreat. And the torch, . -• 1 ijnn tiavim,
tlavilli, ^ca —ic cacti-
the light, hath gone, hath disappeared, is extin- ca opoliuh, ca oceuh in o c u , . : t e p e t z i n totecujo:
guished. Already the city of our lord lieth aban- J . ca ie iooatimanj
manj, JooAtimanj in jai***»,
jatzin, -in „j ^
- '
auh ancaa fafa quen
quen poliujz
pohujz anca
ant« M quen
— Apololoz in tlat-
doned, lieth darkened. And somehow the governed,
qujtl in tlamamalli
imal in oconteputzcauhteoac:
whom he left behind as he departed, will be de-
stroyed, will be lost.
vncan jnjn oconcauhteoac,
a ca vxvw-.—
oconquetzteoac
*
in .
"He departed, leaving them there; he departed, qujmilli in cacaxtli, in tlatconj in tlamamalonj: a ra
placing the bundle, the carrying frame, the governed. - - •

. i n c a jn oqujmotlalcauili in atl in tcpctl,

. **

Peacefully, quiedy, he abandoned the city. Peace- man, ca o o i e c o i n petlapan, in jcpalpan:

fully, quietly, he concluded his work upon the reed ca l ^ a
ca lVian d a d a t l a l i l i c o , ocontl a tetequ jlico i n
mat, upon the reed seat. Gently he came arranging
• P V « aThnclli niach in oontlamjco in j h i j ,
things, ordering things, for him by whom we live.
And ccrtainly he came consuming his spirit; cer- n elH mach in oipan oalohonoua in atl in tcpctl otnc
P

tainly he put forth all his effort for the city; he came cocoaco in jxpantzinco totccujo: amo yma amo yicxi
growing ill before our lord. He did not come insert- oitlan cahaqujeo.
ing his hands, his feet under [his cape].3
"And now, O lord, O our lord: our lord of the Auh in axcan tlacatie, totecoe, ca tona tlatvi qUj.
near, of thc nigh, causeth the sun to shine, bringeth chioa in totecujo in tloque naoaque: a ca tehoatl
the dawn. It is thou: he pointeth the finger at thee; mjtzmapilhvia, mitzmachiotia: ca omjtzicujlo, ca
he indicateth thee. Our lord hath recorded thee, omjtzmachioti, ca omjtztlilanj, ca omjtztlapalaquj in
indicated thee, marked thee, entered thee in the totecujo: a ca nelle axcan ca oitoloc, ca oiocoialocin
books. Now verily it was declared, it was determined topan in jlvicac, in m j c t l a n : mjtzmotlalilia in totc-
above us, in the heavens, in the land of the dead, that cujo in petlapā, in jcpalpan in jmaviziocan, xotla,
our lord place thee on the reed mat, on the reed seat, cueponj in jnvitz, in j m j e u h in motechiuhcaoan, in
on his place of honor. The spine, the maguey4 of thy machcocoloan, in vecatlan contlazteoaque, in qujto-
progenitors, of thy great-grandfathers — which they catiaque in qujtlalaqujteoaque.
planted deep as they departed, which they planted,
which they placed in the earth as they departed —
sprouteth, flowereth.
"Yet it is thou: thou wilt take over the burden,
A ca oc tehoatl toneticiviz, ca oc tehoatl tiqujnquf
thou wilt take the bundle, thou wilt carry the carry-
mjlpatlaz, tiqujncacaxceviz in mutechiuhcaoan in
ing frame for thy progenitors, the lords, the rulers
tetecutin in tlatoque in mjtzmocaviliteoaque, i»
who departed bequeathing it to thee. Thou wilt take
jntechpa timoqujxti, in ie nachca ommantiuj:tclioatl
the place of those who have gone to remain beyond
itlan tonaquj in vei qujmilli, in vei cacaxtli, in tlat-
Thou art to devote thyself to thc great bundle, the
conj, in t l a m a m a l o n j : te mocujtlapan, te mo^
great carrying frame, the governed. On thy back, on
xanco, te m o m a m a l o a z c o qujtlalia in totecujo,1-'
our lord placeth the governed,

E R R S
sctTEXT
P'
KADS: * R R R : ^ ^ >°R * J

' 3- ' U"tr0S <">"P"soJos. que possicron muy profunda y *

48
the vassals, the c o m m o n folk, the capricious, the
peevish.
« F o r yet a while thou w,It fondle them as children-
t h 0 U wilt rock the cradle. T h o u art yet to place the
city upon thy thigh, in thy embrace. T h o u wilt vet
f o r a while continue to fondle it, to dandle i t 6
" 0 master, O our lord, O precious person^ it hath
been said above us, in the land of the dead. T h e
word hath been said; it hath been determined It
is thou. Upon thee it hath fallen. Upon thee hath
gone the spirit, the word of our lord, the lord of the
near, of the n i g h ; he hath pointed his finger at thee
Verily, wilt thou hide thyself? W i l t thou take
refuge? Wilt thou be absent? W i l t thou flee? And
wilt thou already steel thyself ?
"What dost thou think of our lord? And what
dost thou think of the people ? W h a t dost thou think
of our lords, the lords, the rulers, the noblemen, and
the inhabitants of the city, w h o had [the inspiration
of] the lord of the near, of the nigh, those who
pointed, those who decreed, those who established,
those who elected; those w h o m our lord made speak,
whose jaws he moved? T h e i r decree fell not from
man, came not f r o m m a n ; they spoke divinely as
they made thee mother, made thee father of the city.
"Now, O master, O our lord, O my nobleman,
gird thyself, screw up [thy courage], prepare thyself,
put thy shoulder to the bundle, to the carrying frame.
May the spirit, the word of our lord be achieved,
responded to, given devotion.
"Perhaps thou canst for a time support the gov-
erned. And perhaps also for a time, for a day, the
city will dream — will see in dreams — that perhaps
it will borrow thee. D o not reflect upon thyself; our
lord knoweth, seeth, heareth the things within the
rocks, within the wood. H e will know thy secrets.
Soon he will dispose something upon thee, for, in
truth, he acteth of his own volition; he mocketh.
Thou wilt become as smut, and he will s e n d thee
into the vegetation, into the forest. And he will cas
push thee, as is said, into the excrement, m
the refuse. And also something evil, filthy, wii c
uPon thee. And also some filth, vice, contention,
cord will develop, will move upon thee.
5- Ibid.: "que son muy antoiadizos, y muy cnojadizos.
' In the corresponding Spanish
apaiii^» text
— this
- parag^ph
„oazo. yrca
en ^ ^
"'<"> " la cuna, los aucys dc poncr. en vuestro rcga~o. y
<?«<• duerman, el tp0 que viujerdes en este mundo.
i r ' l r 1 » ™ » ' . - cujtlapilli, iin atlapalli in
T c u e l ' n , m 0 " c " « W n i . U» « w a n j :
tonco-
S u h i v T x l C oc- a ' tehoatl
^ CUel K h 0 a t l
toconflnfUi;..- • 7 mometzpan, momacocnco
raomacochco
achica tor M ^ <* "hica,
aciuca toconaviltiz, tocontlavivitequjliz.
Ilacatle totecoe, tla ? otitlacade: ca omjto in topan
m mjctlan, ca oitoloc ca omoquapano in tlatolli: a
tehoatl. ote omopan vetz, ca ote mopā ia in jhijo
in Jtlatol in totecujo in tloque, in naoaque, ca ot£
mjtzmapilvi cujx nel timotlatiz, cujx timjnaiaz, cujx
canapa toiaz, cujx teixpampa teoaz? auh cujx no
ie te timocujliz?
ac ticmati in totecujo, auh ac titemati, ac tiqujn-
mati in totecujoan in tetecutin, in tlatoque in pipilti:
auh in aoaque in tepeoaque, in tloqueque naoaque-
que in otlamapilvique, in otlatoque, in otlatlaliquc,
in otlapepenque: in oqujntlatolti, in oqujncamacha-
lolti in totecujo, in aotlacavetz in aotlacaqujz in
jnten, in jntlatol in oteutlatoque: injc tehoatl omjtz-
nantique mjtztatique in atl, in tepetl.
A naxcan tlacatle totecoe nopiltzintzine, ma aco
ximolpi, ma aco ximotetzilo, ma ximuchichioa ma
itlan xaquj in qujmjlli, in cacaxtli: ma tlaieiecavi ma
cuepi, ma popovi in jhijo in jtlatol in totecujo,
a$o vel achi tictoctiz in tlatqujtl in tlamamalli: auh
a$o no achica cemjlvitl temjqujz, cochitleoaz, a?o
mjtzmotlaneviz in atl in tepetl. Ma ie mjtic titlato
tetl itic, quavitl itic tlamati, tlachia tlacaquj in tote-
cujo: mjtztlamachiliz $a cuel itla mopan qujoalmo-
nequjltiz, ca nel moiocoia, ca moquequelova tonpo
poiotiz: auh mjtzonmjoaliz in qujltitlan, in quauh-
fitlan- auh mjtzonmotlaxiliz, mjtzmotopeviliz in
mitoa in cujtlatitlan, in tla?ultitlan: auh no cc ytla
teuhtli tlapilli mopan oallaz: auh no ce mopan icliz,
I p l n olinjz, teuhdi tlaSulli m dapU.aod, m
tlatoiiaotl:
cuttentar v rtgdar como a njfios. que
^ a
49

"In thy time there will be disunity, quarreling in
thy city. No more wilt thou be esteemed; no more
wilt thou be regarded. Also war will move upon
thee; thou wilt be detested. And also famine, hun-
ger, will spread over thee. How will it be when in
thy time the governed will scatter? And also there
will come — our lord will send — his great castiga-
tion, sickness; sickness will come appearing in thy
rime. How will it be when the city will become, will
be made his place of desolation? How will it be
when it lieth already darkened, already his place of
desolation ?
"And also, then, soon thou wilt hurry to thy death,
at this very place, at this very time. And soon it is
all for thee; the lord of the near, of the nigh, will
destroy thee, will hide thee, will trample thee under-
foot.
"And also the eagle warrior, the ocelot warrior go
making a din in the midst of the desert, on the
battlefield. There is gladdened, and there drinketh
and eateth, the sun, the lord of the earth. Consider-
able, endless is the castigation, the punishment, of
our lord — his time of stoning one, his dme of beat-
ing one.7
"And this, O master, O ruler, O our lord, O my
nobleman: put forth all thy effort, give all, put forth
all diy spirit. Sigh; be sad; call out in sadness to our
lord, to the lord of the near, of the nigh. He is not
pcrchance seen as a man, for he is the night, the
wind. Submit thyself to him; weep, sigh. And may
there be peace, calm, on the reed mat, on the reed
seat, on the place of honor of the lord of the near,
of the nigh. Receive, speak to those who come in
anguish, and those who come meeting their fate. Be
not a fool. May thou not speak hurriedly, may thou
not interrupt, may thou not confound. T a k e yet,
grasp yet, arrive yet at the truth, for, it is said and it
is true, thou art the replacement, thou art the image
of the lord of the near, of the nigh. Thou art the
backrest, thou art the flute; he speaketh within thee;
he maketh thee his lips, he maketh thee his jaw, he
makcth thee his ears.
"And again take thou note: also cause not embar-
rassment, for our lord hath made thee his teeth, hath
made thee his fingernails; for thou art like the
^ M h o u a r t the destroyer, thou art the judge!
50
mauh
raopan neahanotoz, nequaqualotoz in jpa" ^QCC
motepeuh: aoc tonpoviz, aoc tie lpan U a U h n o c c
mjtl, chimalli mopan olinjz ticocohloz: ncnti
maianaliztli apiztli mopan m o r o a " a Z ' a u h nocc oal-
in omopan xitin tlatqujtl, t l a m a m a m ^ ^ t Q t c c u j 0 >
laz, qujoalmjoaliz in vei ^ ^ " ^ a q u j u h , quen
in cocoliztli: cocoliztl mopan m^man^q J ^ ^ ^
nenti in oinencauhian muc. i m a n j j q u e n nenti
tepetl: quenmach nenti in ie
in ie inencauhian.
o ;,> ran cuel ticmjcivitiliz in momj-
Auh noce y : auh , a n cuel tix-
s n — o t i a ^ ^
mocxipachilviz in tloque naoaque.
Auh noce onxaxamacatiuh in quauhtli in ocdutl
in jxtlaoatl itic, in teuatenpan in t achinoltenpan ln
vncan aviltilo: auh in vncan atli, tlaqua in tonatiuh,
in tlaltccutli: ca ixachi ca acan tlanquj in jalcececauh
in jtzitzicaz in jquauh in jteuh totecujo in jtema
tlaia, in jtevitequja.
Auh injn tlacatle tlatoanje, totecoe nopiltzintzinc.
ma ixqujch motlapaltzin xicmuchivili, ma ixqujch
xicmanjli: auh ma ixqujch mjhiiotzin xicmuchivili,
ma oc xonelcicivi, ma oc xontlaocuia, ma oc xocon-
motlaoculnonochili in totecujo, in tloque in naoaque
a cujx tlacaitto ca iooalli, ca ehecatl, ma oc itlan xon-
mocalaquj, ma oc xonchoca, m a oc xonelcicivi: auh
ma oc ivian ma oc iocuxca in ipetlapan in jcpalpar.
in jmaviziocan in tloque naoaque; ma xoconana.
ma xoconnotza in jxaiotzin qujmatentivitz, auh in
jtonal qujcujcujtivitz, m a c a m o xonjxtomava. Ma
ticiuhcatlato, m a ticcujtiuetz in tlatolli, ma ne ticda-
comotla, oc xiccuj, oc xicana, oc inelloca xaci, a
mjtoa, auh ca ie nelli ca tiujujti, ca tipatilloti in do
que naoaque, ca tinetlaxonjuh, ca titlatlapitzal a
m j t i c tlatoa, ca m j t z m o t e n t i a ca mjtzmocamachafc
ca m j t z m o n a c a z t i a .
A u h m a n o c u e l e titlaixitta, m a no ie titlauhchi^
ca m j t z m o t l a n t i a , ca m j t z m o z t i t i a in totecujo: 0
t i t e q u a n j u h ca titequacauh, ca titlatzontcccauh: ®
qualan in a q u j n , m a m o x i c o n aqujn: cujx tim^
May whosoever hath become angered be angered
Wilt thou perhaps act as a m a n ? F o r it is thy char*
Will our lord perhaps speak as a m a n ? For air. a C^thoSrmati.til: CUjX daCatlat0Z 10 t0tCCU'°>
h e acknowledged thee.
8 aireadV

"Let this be: [ n o t ] reckless on the reed mat the

ree d seat; [not] panting, [ n o t ] gasping f 0 r breath
even if thou wilt say: 'I am ruler; scatter the people'
run over them, and steal from them, ruin them.'
"And may thou [ n o t ] be quarrelsome; may thou
[not] therefore be brazen; may thou [not] offend
the governed. May thou yet turn to thyself, examine
thy conscience; may thou yet say: 'Whence was I
sent? Whence was I taken ? A n d where I am, where
I live, may it not be m y desert, my merit? I [only]
dream of our lord's h o n o r s ; I see them in dreams.'
"And [do not] be asleep, He reclining, lie in plea-
sure; nor sleep, gorge, be a glutton; nor give thyself
excessively to sleep. May thy possessions not go, not
wrongly result from the sweat, the fatigue, the labor
of the common folk. [ D o not] distend thyself; [do
not] fatten [thyself]; [do n o t ] become drunk there-
from. And may perversion not come upon, [not]
transform the sweetness, the fragrance of the lord
of the near, of the nigh — his tenderness, his fresh-
ness, his heat, his warmth. 9 Thereby thou causest
offense.
" 0 my son, O our lord, O ruler, O my grandson:
our lord, the lord of the near, of the nigh, is made to
laugh. He is arbitrary, he is capricious, he mocketh.
He willeth in the manner he desireth. He is placing
us in the palm of his h a n d ; he is making us round.
We roll; we become as pellets. H e is casting us from
side to side. W e make him laugh; he is making a
mockery of us.
"Be especially welcomed. Pay special attention.
Perhaps it is our desert, our merit, that we dream
that we see [only] in dreams that which our lora
Placeth upon thee, w i s h e t h upon thee
pan S r i e h 0 a t l m a x o n j x t o t o r n a o a t i e in petla-
manel ' " " X O n ' c i c a t * , ma xonneneciuhde
' manel ie t,qu,toz ca njtlatoanj ma xontexaxamatza,
* p a x °nmotlalo: auh ma xontlatlacujtiuetzi, ma
xontlacecenmana:
auh ma xonmama S ulti, ma ic xaquetza, ma mjxco
ma mocpac xicmana in tlatconj in tlamamalonj, ma
oc tonmocuep, ma oc tonmocxitoca ma oc tiqujto:
in canjn onjoaleoac, in can onanoto: auh in canjn ic
njca, in canjn ie njnemj, intlaca mach ha nolvil, in
mach ha nomaceoal, in njctemjquj, in njccochitleoa
in jmavizio in totecujo:
auh xicochto xivetzto, xipacto, ma xicochi, xipa-
chivi xixvi ma mellelaci in cochiztli: ma motlaiauh,
ma motlaaaquj in jitonal, in jiciaviz, in jtlapaliviz in
maceoalli, xicmoxiuhioti, xicmonacaioti, ye xivinti:
auh ma mjxitl, ma tlapatl muchioa mocuepa in
jtzopelica in javiaca in doque naoaque, in jtzmo-
linca in jcelica in jtotonca in jiamanca: ic teixco
xonnemj.
Hvi nopiltze, totecoe tlatoanje, noxviuhtze: ca
oallaueuetzqujtilo in totecujo, in tloque naoaque, ca
moiocoia ca monenequj, ca moquequeloa: in quenjn
connequjz, ca iuh connequjz, ca imacpaliolloco tech-
tlatlaliuca, techmomjmjlvidca timjmjloa, utetelolooa
a vie techtlazrica, tictlavevetzqujtia, toca vetzcauca.
Tla oc cenca moiolicatzin, tla oc cenca tie ticmo
machida aca^o tolhvil aca ? o tomaceoal, in tictemjqu,,
in ticcochitleoa in motech qujdalia. in motech qu,-
tleiotl in maviziotl, in acacaoa in
nequj totecujo, in
ra ,
- man0 las a dexado."

The corresponding Spanish text, which is ^ ^ ^ a r r c b . a r n ^ o ^ ^ /o que ^tcre: ^ « « - J *

? '<>< «trades, y en los tronos dc los senores, jen.o. dcz.r: yyo ™'dadi , mages,ad: mjra , « e / ; ^ * «
W alguna cosa con cnojo: mjrad que nos passe por pe ^ ^ cst,maaon>r ^ ^ mas aUi os ' . j
dcstruyTi y a!ropellari y Jesbaratar todo vucstro «akr y ' j en„Jerue,J > ^ ^ ,„„ fionrrvso,
iue sc os a dado sobre vucs.ro rcyno, oseūono no ^ a ,aJ ^ yo s„ pucsU, en e ,((rm3y; fl
dc to que fuystes asras, y dc la vaxez yo? y ^"Z'^a dc sucno. „ue no vcr*£ J^asiados: mfrad

» cmjneme. como esSoy por mandado dc *u "o ^pora^ » r ^ y ^ a ycncn, stadcs.

""'to, mjrad quc no os dcscuydcys con de vros ^f ''J
0
de pro,an,dad. y hcura. y
que „0 gastey« con profanjdad los sudorcs.,**>* /(J conu er,ays cn cos
re'al° que nro senor. os haze en hazcros rcy, y
c
 honor; that he leaveth not that which he hath cher-
ished; perhaps it is separated from thee; perhaps he
seeketh a replacement for thee.10
"Is the god perhaps suffering for friends? Is it
perhaps thou alone? Perhaps it is only thou? How
many are his friends? How many are his acquain-
tances? How many can call to him? How many
can cry out to him? How many are weepers? How
many arc sorrowers ? How many are sighers ? There
exist the well-born ones, the prudent, the accom-
plished, the honored; our lord is called to, is cried
out to.
"Perhaps just for a little while thou dreamest, thou
seest in dreams. Perhaps he just passeth his glory, his
honor before thy face. And perhaps he just causeth
thee to smell — perhaps he just passeth before thy
lips —his freshness, his tenderness, his sweetness, his
fragrance, his heat, his warmth, which come from
him, the wealth of him by whom we live.
"May thou have peace. Do thy bowing, thy nod-
ding of the head. Thou art to be in thy weeping, thy
sorrowing. Weep, sigh, be devout for the little time,
as our lord desireth it of thee. In what manner wilt
thou pass, continue the night, the day, all the day?
Let there be peace on the reed mat, on the reed seat.
Thou art to pray for one, to caress one. Cause no one
to weep, cause no one sadness, cause no one to cry
out. Injure no one. Do not manifest thy fury, thy
anger; do not address anyone in fury; do not
frighten, do not scandalize. Again do not speak in
vanity, in ridicule;11 [do not] ridicule; for vain
words, mockery are no longer thy office.
"Although the common folk have gladdened thee,
and although thy younger brother, thy older brother
have put their trust in thee, now thou art deified.
Although thou art human, as are we, although thou
art our friend, although thou art our son, our young-
er brother, our older brother, no more art thou
human, as are we; we do not look to thee as human.
Already thou representest, thou replacest one. Thou
callest out to, thou speakest in a strange tongue to
the god the lord of the near, of the nigh.
within thee he calleth out to thee; he is within thee-
he speaketh forth from thy mouth. Thou art hi
thou * hi, tonguc , C
II. 'ictli: s« ayocxictliin >lal,iCpaCi in c L p ^ l .
jpan molpilitoc: a$o moca tlaxeloa, a<;o rnoca
temoa,
• I i- • • cuix mocel, cujx
cu,x mocnjuhtolinja in teutl c j h _
tiio: quexqujch icnjuh, q u e x q u j c h i t l a « ^
qujch vel qujnotza, quexqujch vel q > jch cki.
qujch chocanj, quexqujchtlaocuian) q u : q ^ ^
civinj: ca onovac in tep.lhoan,.n v d « * q ^ ^
ccque: auh in oqujzque in opanve q
lotoc, ca tzatzililotoc in totecujo:
aco can achica tontemjquj toncochitleoa, a ? o 9an
£ ?an acm mavizio: auh aco
m i x t ' a n " T c u I a a 'o " a n U c n t U n conquji
s
^ i S r £ £ • £ . in jtzopclica in javiaca i n
jtotonca in jiamanca in jtcchcopa vttz ,n ,necu,l f c
nol ipalnemoanj.
O tie ticmacatzintli, ma oc motolol, ma oc momal-
coch xoconchioa, ma oc mochoqujz, ma oc motlaocul
ipan xonie, ma oc xonchoca, ma oc xonelcicivi, ma
oc ie xontlateumati, in quen macujl, in quen matlac
in quen mjtznequjlia in totecujo. Quen tictlagaz,
quen ticqujxtiz in iooalli in tlacatli, in cemilhvit];
mano^oc ivian in petlapan icpalpan, ma xonteda-
tlauhtitie, ma xontepepepetlatie: ma aca ticchocti, ma
aca tictlaoculti, ma aca tictzatziti: auh ma aca ica
timoquavitec: auh ma ticnexti in motlavel, in mo-
qualan, ma aca tictlavelnotz, titlamauhtiz, titlaigaviz-
Ma no cuele taavillato, ma ticacamanalo xictli tictla-
liz, ca aocmo motequjuh in ahavillatolli, in ^an
camanallotl:
Mago iehoa, momjtzmavilti in maceoalli: auh
ma 5 ° mjtztlacaavilo in m j c c a u h , in machcauh: yn
axcan ca otiteut, ma$o titotlacapo, ma$o titoenjuh,
mago titopiltzin, mano^o titiccauh titachcauh ca
aocmo titotlacapo ca a m o timjtztlacaitta, ca ie rite-
viviti, ca titepatilloti, ca ticnotza, ca ticpopolotza in
teutl in tloque, naoaque: auh ca mjtic mjtznotza,a
mjtic, ca mocamacpa oallatoa, ca tiiten ca tiicama-
chal, ca tiinenepil, ca tiix ca tiinacaz, ca omjtztlanu-
And
macac, ca o m j t z m a v i z i o t i ca omocoatlan, ca mozf
omjtztlatlalili.
»
V » dign'M
hizicrdrs cl drucr, pondra a otro en est*
52
 ^ eyes, thou art his ears. H e hath g i V e n thee g i f t ,
bc bath given thee honor, he hath provided thee thv
fangs, thy claws. cc
-Do not still enjoy thyself even as thou didst
mockery there whence thou c a m e s t . Make thy heart
that of an old man. A n d glorify, make stern thv
m ind, thy heart thy way of life. Esteem thyself
glorify thyself, become stern. Make [thy heartl'
that of an old man, make it resemble that of an old
man, cast it as that of an old man. And make holy
thy utterances, thy words. T h o u art distinct vener
able, strict, stern, honored, famous; and precious
esteemed, a precious person worthy of being cher-
ished, worthy of being loved, one known as the
youngest. D o not of thy own volition, personally
lessen thyself, diminish thyself. D o not bring scorn
upon the realm, and the rulership, the government.
"And yet grasp, heed, O my grandson, O precious
person, O our lord: on earth all live, all go along a
mountain peak. Over there is an abyss; over here is
an abyss. Nowhere is it possible; to the left, to the
right is the abyss. D o not become as a wild beast:
do not completely bare thy teeth, thy claws. Do not
become completely enraged; do not spread fear,
become thorny, become spiny. Retract thy teeth, thy
claws. Gladden, gather, unite, humor, please thy
noblemen, thy rulers. And make the city happy.
Arrange each one in his [proper] place; establish thy
nature, thy way of life. 1 2
"Agitate, attend to the auillotl, the drum, the
gourd rattle. There warfare is motivated, recalled,
cast, bored with the fire drill. Gladden, entertain the
city dwellers. Thereby thou wilt gain renown, thou
wilt be esteemed, when our lord hath inclined, hath
softened his heart, when he hath hidden thee, and
therefore the old men, the old women will weep;
therefore they will sigh. ^ Tie dcmatcatzintli dacatle, tlatoanje nopiltzin-
"Be blessed, O master, O ruler, O my son, O our
lord, O precious person. It is as if somew
were a ford. Go yet testing with thy feet, tor tne
reed mat, the reed seat, his place of honor is not m
a good place, not in a favorable place. And i
sbek, slippery on earth. N o one i ^ T ^ ' c r r a w s
snare, the pit, the cords, the straw, the .sharp straws
lie Placed one above another, joined one to a n o t t t *
"Let not the exclamations have ended O our i ^
Let not thy sighing have ended. Do not find pleasu
12. Correiponding Spanish « « « :
'« diuerridad, y grado,. que ay cn la republics. co ,
L
ticfhavill? ^modamachd, in vmpa otioalla in
S m m l X ' m m°i0lI° rnonemjliz:
? X i m 0 t e C i U a i o d . xicvevedali xic-
vevequjxti xicvevedaga: auh xicteutlali in moten in
motlatol. Ach ca ie ticentlamandi, ie tixtilli, ie tima-
caxtU; titequanjuh, dmavizio, dtleio: auh tidacotli
tunaviztic, titla?j otitlacatl, tipialonj, Ltimalhvilonj,
l i A J d l l l Y l I U l l J , tlXO-
COlOTTIQrKrvnt •
coiomachonj. Ma monevia ma mjxeoian dmopatili,
timocevi, ma xictli dcdali in petlapan, in jcpalp
auh in tecuiopan in datocaiopan.
Auh oc xicmocujli oc xicmocaqujd noxujuhtzin
tla^otitlacatzintle totecoe, dachichiqujlco y nemoa i'
viloa daldcpac, njpa danj, njpa danj: acampa veli in L.
daopuchco, in daitzcac cendanj. Ma ne iuhqujn rite-
quanj timuchiuh: ma fan cen dcqujqujxdde, in
modan, in mozd: ma fan cen timopipitzde, tidacē-
manaz, ddamauhdz, taoaio, dvitzio dmuchioaz:
xiccacalaquj in modan, in mozd: xiqujmaavili,
xiqujnnechico, xiqujncepano, xiqujnquequequelo,
xiqujncococonavi in mopilloan, in modatocaioa: auh
xiquellelqujxti in ad, in teped, xicdatlamantili yieieia
xicdali in moieliz in monemjliz:
xicolinj xiciocoia in avillod, in vevetl, in aiacachdi:
in vncan moiocoia, in vncan molnamjquj, in vncan
mopitza, momamali in teuad in dachinolli: xiquj-
mahavili, xiqujncecelri in aoaque tepeoaque? ic
tonjtoloz, ic tonteneoaloz in otlacauhquj, in odaocux
yiollotzin totecujo in omjtzonmotlatili: auh ic
onchocaz, ic onelciciviz in veve in jlama.
tzine totecoe da?oddacatle: in maca fan cana pa-
noaia ma oc xonmocxiieiecotzinoduh, ca amo man
ieccan, ca amo yvian qualcan in petlapan in jcpalpan
in imaviziocan: auh in daldcpac ca daalaoa, ca da-
netzcavi: ca aiac onqujzca, ca moquatoc, ca nene-
panjuhtoc in tzoaztli, in tlaxapuchtU in xomecatl m
^ S ^ ^ o i a v e , in totecoe, ma oc ontla-
mj in melciciviHz Maca xoconvelicachioa, maca
con to condiciones
53
 in, do not take gladly to sleep. And truly, how much —.—paccachioa
xoconi in cochiztli: auh in nel c u c i t l vipilh
good will there be in woman ? For she is death, she de iez, quexqujch qualizdi ca mjqujztli, ca cocoliz-
is sickness. Go tossing, go thinking, go dreaming of tli. ma xonmocujcujtivetzto, ma xoconmamatto, ma
thy charge.13 xocontetemjcto in motequjuh.
"And the sustenance of our lord which hath given Auh in jcococauh totecujo, in techomjoti, in tech-
us bones, which hath given us flesh, strength: do not nacaioti, in chicavacaiutl: ma toconmjxcavi, ca nel
devote it to thyself only, for truly it is said, uneasy ic mitoa
mjtoa in aivian tecujotl tlatocaiutl: auh ca ic mjta-
is the rulership, the government. And hence it is tica in aivian atl tlaqualli:
being said, uneasy are drink and food.14 camo tipaqujz in petlapan, in jcpalpan catn 0
"Thou wilt not find pleasure on the reed mat, on taviaz, ca amo tivellamatiz: ca qan titoneoaz, tichi-
the reed seat. Thou wilt not be content, happy.
chinacaz, ca titlamaceoaz.
Thou wilt only suffer torment, pain. Thou wilt do
penance. Tie ticrnatcatzintli tlaqotitlacatle, totecoe ma njq u ;
"Be blessed, O precious person, O our lord. May Ī tlaco in moiollotzin, ma motlaveltzin ma moquala^
not have harmed thy heart; may I not have aroused tzin njqueuh: ma moztitzin, ma motlantzin itec}^
thy fury, thy anger. May I not have brought out thy • Y h t z i n ic mjxpantzinco njnalaoa,
claws, thy fangs. I thus only slip, falter, stumble n i q u j Z : c ^ a n »xqU) v.tequ.: a u h ic ixpantzinco
before thee. And so before our lord, the night, the njnotepotlamja, nji n i t l a c ueiacxolhvia in tote-

wind, I go astray, I go amiss, I jump the ridges. njtlacoloa n j t l a v i l t e q ^ ^ ^ ^ ca t e c W

He is here; he heareth us. He heareth, he taketh the C U j 0 > -1ria^a q u j m ^ u j l i a , ca qujmocaqujtia in cen-
word or two, the errors I bring forth; the errors, the C 3 q
? Tn' cencamatl, in aiuhcamtl i n njcqujxtia m
stuttering, the stammering; the unordered, the un- tenth, in cenc tzatzacuj in aneian, in
settled which I raise up, set in place, repeat. aiiuhcaivtl in popotonj ^ nj .
a
' ^ p c ^ r X i in naiotl, in taiotl: auh
"However, thereby the motherhood, the father-
ieceTuhcatzintli,' iece ixqujehtzin: ic njctlatlauhtia
hood is satisfied, is complied with. And further-
in tlacatl, in totecujo: ca qujmocujlia, ca qujmoca-
more, in like manner, this is all with which I pray
auitia ca iehoatzin n j c n o m a q u j h a , ic lxpantzinco
to the master, our lord. He taketh it, he heareth it.
I give it to him, I offer it to him in his presence. O njtlavenchioa: ma ximotlacotili, ma ximotequjtili
master, O our lord, O ruler, perform thy office, do tlacatle, totecoe, tlatoanje.
thy work."
This one who spoke, who thus brought forth the Injn tlatoa, in j u h q u j q u j q u j x t i a , in tlatolli: iehoatl
words, was perhaps a great priest, perhaps a Quetzal- in zqo vei tlamacazquj, in aqo quetzalcovatl, in a$o
coatl — perhaps the one called Totec Tlamacazqui or iehoatl mjtoa totec tlamacazquj, anexjo tlaloc: ano^o
else Tlaloc [Tlamacazqui]. Perhaps it was some aca vei pilli, ano^o vei nelli tlatoanj, ano^o ?a aca vei
great nobleman, or a real ruler, or just the proxy of tlatoanj ixiptla. C a nel tetlatalhvia: amo momama-
some great ruler. Verily he spoke in behalf of one; tin tlatoa, ano^o aca vei tecutli, ano^o aca tlamatim
he spoke without timidity. Or perhaps it was some in a$o nonotzale m a t i l e : a m o moquequetza in tlatoa,
great lord, or some wise person, or a counselor, one atle q u j t z o t z o n a : auh tlatoa in juh qujnequj ijollo:
having wisdom, who did not hesitate as he spoke,
who struck nothing out, and who spoke in the man-
ner his heart required.
And truly such was necessary, for it was said, when
auh ca nel iuh m o n e q u j , ca mjtoa: iquacticc#
we replaced one, when we selected someone, when
in j q u a c aca t i q u j a n a , iquac m j q u j , ca ie totecujo,^
13. Ibid.: "conviencos dar buelcot m In ,
las cosas de vfo cargo." de "tar- '» cam a pensando en las cosas de vuestro oficio, y en durmjr sori'd' {*•
J 4. Ibid.:
M , - y par esso se dize <j los reyes. y comen pa„ j, M o r „
5 d s i5h
t*i?4 ^:z z z r cnarc°>
text has * * « c h a P . i, n . 6 . * « . ^
accquta o cosa semejantc

54
he died, he was already O U r lord totequacauh: auh ic toiaouh, ipampa in nelli mach
and our enemy. T h e r e f o r e the HiJ ° U l " CXccutioner
ontlatlatlamj tlatolli, injc tlapalolo, injc tlatlauhtilo.
he wasgreeted, with which h e w i s T Wh,<*
Auh in <jan mocxiieiecotiuh tlatoa, in tlatlapaloa quj-
most complete. And [the oratorl PP,hc^, was toa: auh choqujztica in tlatoa.
when he made the greeting, r w h J , S p ° k e carefully
he spoke with weeping. L " he J « i d it. An d

55
 Eleventh Chapter. Here are told the words which
another dignitary said when he responded to when
he replied to the one w h o first prayed, in which he
manifested the joy of all the ruler's common people
over his being elected, and in which he manifested
how they wished that he live a very long life that
he be very illustrious. However, these words are not
so admirable as the ones first told.
" 0 master, O lord, O precious person, O ruler, O
noble of lineage, O bracelet, O precious one, O pre-
cious green stone, O precious turquoise, 1 do we per-
haps dream, do we perhaps see in dreams? Do we
perhaps see, [do w e ] perceive as if crazed that which
our lord now formeth over us, bringeth down upon
us? Verily now, the lord of the near, of the nigh,
causeth the sun to shine, causeth the dawn; a new
sun emergeth, appeareth. Over us occurreth, appear-
eth a miracle, a feast day. Our lord produceth, con-
sidereth it a feast day.
"Now thou hast merited, thou hast deserved the
city. Our lord, our lord of the near, of the nigh, hath
placed thee upon the reed mat, upon the reed seat
which thy progenitors, thy great-grandfathers, who
have gone beyond to reside, departed leaving.
"The lord of the near, of the nigh, giveth thee as
desert, giveth thee as merit the rule, the governing.
Your desert, your gift, your property, your posses-
sion,2 is that ye are our lords, ye are precious, ye are
bracelets, ye are precious green stones, ye are pre-
cious turquoise; ye are that which is cast, ye are that
which is perforated. , ,
"Now thou liftest up, thou aggrandizest the rule,
tbe governing. And thou exaltest the peaked cap
^ turquoise diadem, the arm band, the b a n d tor tne
« I f of the leg, the ear plug, the lip rod, the heao
band. . Tlacade, totecoe: ca iehoad in camjctoc, in qujteu-
"O master, O our lord, the city resteth thirsting,
rCStCth ^ r v m g . As one lieth crying, saddened,
CSn *«<arch, No. 14 (Santa F e : T h e School of American ^
2- The Nahuatl changes from singular to plural.
in qukoa " °Ce C a r k Vncan m * o a tlatolli,
clni L r C V t 0 : i n q«3nanqujUaia, in quj-
2 a c h t 0 dadadauhtiaia, ic qujnexdaia \
jnpapaqujhz, in jxqujehtin imaceoalhoan datoanj
injc opepenaloc: ioā ic qujnextiaia in quenjn cenca
queleviaia, in ma vecauhdca nemj, in ma vel mote-
loti: lece injn tlatolli, amo cenca mavi^auhquj, in
juh achto omjto.
Tlacade, totecoe, tla?otitlacade, tlatoanje tzontle,
īztitle, maqujzde, tla^otle, chalchivitle, teuxivitle:
cujx Utemjquj, cujx dcochitleoa, cujx nanacatl in
tiqujtta in demad: in axcan in topan qujmoiocolia,
in topan qujmotemovilia in totecujo. Ca axcan
tona, tlathuj qujmuchivilia in tloque naoaque: oal-
quj^a oalmomana in iancujc tonatiuh: topan m o
mana, topan muchioa in damavigulli, in ilhvi^ulli:
jlhvifuloa, ilhvidamati in totecujo.
A ca in axcan, tehoatzin timaceoalti, tijcnopilti in
atl in teped: mjtzmotlalilia in totecujo, in tloque,
naoaque in pedapan in jcpalpan: in concauhteoaque
in motechiuhcaoan, in machcocoltitzioa, in ie nachca
ommantivi.
A tehoatzin mjtzilhviltia, mjtzmaceoaltia in tlo-
que, naoaque, in tecujod in datocajutl: in amolhvil,
in amonemac, in amaxca, in amodatquj in antotecuj-
iooa in andafod, in anmaqujzd, in anchalchiuhd, in
anteuxiuhd, in anpitzaloque, in anmamalioaque.
Ca axcan dqujmacocujlia, dqujnveililia in tecu-
iotl in datocaiutl: auh dcvecapanoa in tetepeiotl in
xivi'tzolli, in matemecad, in cotzeoad, in nacochth,
in tented, in dalpilonj:
d u t e m ad, in tepetl: ca ynan, c . , » qujncqu,.
^ ^ MoDographl of ^ scW of
^ ^ ^ directcd t0 ruler.
c ^
 ing for his mother, for his father, so the governed
desire to be ruled. Now perhaps it will be our desert,
perhaps it will be our merit that perchance for a
little while, for a day the city will look into thy face;
that it borroweth thee. And perhaps due to, perhaps
because of thc errors of thc city, perchance in a brief
time we shall be orphaned; perhaps soon our lord
will summon thee, will call out for thee. Thou wilt
follow thy mother, thy father, Micdan tecutli. Or
perhaps thou wilt go there — thou wilt know the
center, the midst of the desert, of the battlefield. Per-
haps thou wilt provide drink, thou wilt provide food
for those above us. Perhaps thou wilt follow thy
mother, thy father, the sun, the lord of the earth.3
Perhaps thou wilt arrive by the eagle warriors, the
ocelot warriors, the brave warriors who gladden, who
cry out to the sun, the valiant warrior, the ascending
eagle. [The sun] rejoiceth, is gladdened, is content;
it taketh great pleasure in the sipping [of blood].4
How much doth our lord decree ? May we yet trust
in him.
"May thou perform thy office, may thou do thy
work. Be diligent with that which is heavy, the
burden, the unconfrontable, the insupportable. And
extend thy wings, thy tail feathers. May thy com-
mon folk, those whom thou governest, enter into
thee. May they enter into thy shade, into thy
shadow, for our lord hath made thee to be the great,
the circular [shade], the silk cotton tree, the cypress.
May the governed be rich, be prosperous.5
"This is the little with which I press thy hands,
thy feet, entreat thy heart, thy body. Pay heed, O our
lord, O ruler, O precious person: perform thy office,
do thy work, help the master, our lord, and be dili-
gent for thy city."
This one spoke standing. H e removed his sandals;
he placed the knot of his cape on his shoulder. And
the ruler arose or squatted; he placed himself straight
forward. It was said he looked nowhere; it was
said the eyes were shooting straight. H e sat even as
J ^ T J s 'Z " " * » " "
ca chocatoc, ca tlaocuxtoc, ca mopachollanj tn tlat
qujtl, in damamalli: in axcan, ap> j o t t * * ^
tomaceoaltiz: a 9 o achica, afo
pac tlachiaz in ad, in ad> m
Auh anofo ica, a 9 o ipapa yn ua ^
tepetl: a S o 9 an cuel dcnopiluzqu^
at nofo fan cuel m j t z a l m o n o c h ^ ^ ^ ^
liliz in totecujo, tocontocaz - nionan
mictlan T d i : ae no ce npa ^ ^
in jxtlaoatl ijtic: in l ™ ^ ^ * at titetlaqualtiz in
in tlachinoltcnpan, £ ^
ronan- at tocontocaz in monan, m
in tlaltecutli: at intech tonaciz in quauhtin, in ocelo
" aoan, in caviltia, in coiovia in tonatxuh, m tia-
auh in quauhtleoanjtl, in paqu, m avija, in veil*
mad in motlamachtia, in tlachichina: quexqujehtzin
in qujmjtalvi totecujo: ma oc tictotemachilican.
A ma ximotlacotili, ma ximotequjtili, ma itlan
ximaqujti in etic, in tlamamalli in aixcoeoaliztli, in
aixnamjqujliztli: auh ma xicgoa in mahaz, in mo.
cujtlapil: ma motlan mocalaquj in momaceoal in
motlatquj, in motlamamal. A ma mocalaquj in
moceoallotitlan, in mecauhiotitlan: ca tivei timala-
cajo, dpochutl, tavevetl mjtzmuchivilia in totecujo:
maiecuel ma mocujltono, ma motlamachti in tlat-
qujtl in tlamamalli.
Ca ixqujehtzin ic momatzin, mocxitzin njcpachoa,
njctlatlauhtia in moiollotzin, in monacaiotzin: tie
ticmatcatzintli totecoe tlatoanje, tlagotitlacatle: ma
xicmotlacotili, m a ximotequjtili, ma xicmonanamj-
qujli in tlacatl, in totecujo: auh ma itlan ximaqujio
in matzin in motepetzin.
Injn tlatoa, moquetzticac qujcocopina in jcac yia-
colpan qujtlalia yn jnetlalpilil: auh in tlatoanj, oat
moquetza, ano^o eoatiez, vel motlamelaukatlalii
acanpa tlachia, m j t o a : vel mjxtlamjntica, mjtoa: «1
P». * /0, < w del c i J o , y OS yreys para vucstn
.
a god. Perhaps he responded a little, or he whom

[thc ruler] placed at his left, whom he provided achiton vallananqujlilia, anoco
ic

obsidian sandals, responded for him. If the ruler ^ T ^ T T ^ m copuchtia, qujtzcactia,

continued, he said: ' m t l a 0^toq
U ) l i a tlatoanj. qujtoa.

^ — . . — - ' — * "

« I V reply . k „ up * c talk »< fo"°*i°'

Of ^1* manuv:ripr.m 59
 Twelfth Chapter. Here is told the manner in
which the ruler responded to reply to his noblemen
his dignitaries in order to humble himself and in
order to thank them.
"Our lord hath inclined his heart. Verily he hath
mistaken me for another. Someone is sought in my
place; there already was someone of the sons; for
there are the noblemen, the rulers. There are those
who call forth well to him, who pray well to him —
the weepers, the sorrowers, the sighers. There exist,
there live, his very friends, his very acquaintances'
Let us yet await the word of the lord. Let us yet
provide laughter for him. H e will take, he will move
his reed mat, his reed seat; he will place it there
where there is contentment, where he is well called
forth to, prayed to. Already he hath inclined his
heart; for here I dream, I see in dreams. May the
spirit, the words of the lord of the near, of the nigh,
be fulfilled, be complied with. And may the words
of those of the city be complied with. What do they
see [in me] ? It is as if a woman is acquired, perhaps
capable of womanly skills; for I am an imbecile, and
I cannot bring forth a word or two of discourse. And
the truth is now that I have spent my life in excre-
ment, in refuse.
"And perhaps in truth my lifetime is not for [the
position] to which our lord inclineth his heart.
Already thou hast inclined thy heart, thy body ; for
here I take, I grasp, the incomparable, the precious;
that which is like a precious green stone, that which
is like a precious turquoise; the [words of] mother-
hood, of fatherhood; that which cbe given,
a n
cannot be repeated; that which is bound. May
also live bound by it for a time; and may it become
my inspiration, may I make it my staff, my • n - S n t o c a in cententli, in cencamatl yn nemo-
Thou hast blessed thy city. And here thou p r a y "
t 0 our lord, the lord of the near, of the mgh. ^ X
1 consider myself. May I try to be worthy or tn
0 r two thou bringest forth.
itque son cortsejos
Corresponding Spanish text:
QOnui. "
t l a t n n n T C t U r ° m e C a p i t u I ° ' V n c a n ra>toa: * *
lananqujhaia datoanj, injc qujnnanqujhaia ypilloan,
£ S r u o a : h j c m —
O tlacauhquj yiollotzin in totecujo, ca njcan motla-
tlanevilia, aca noca tlatemoa: aca ie onovac in tepil-
hoan, ca onoque in pipilti, in tlatoque: ca onoque in
vei qujnotza, in vei qujtlatlauhtia, in chocanj, in
tlaocuianj, in elcicivinj: ca vnca, ca nemj in vei
lcnjuh, in vei itlaiximach: mano^oc tictotlatolchiali-
can, auh mano^oc tictotlavevetzqujtilican in totecujo:
a conmocujliz, a conmjquanjliz in jpetlatzin, in
jcpaltzin: a vmpa conmotequjliz, in vmpa vellamati,
in vmpa vei notzalo, tlatlauhtilo. O ye tlacauhquj
in jiollotzin: ca njcan njtemjquj, njcochitleoa: ma-
no^o popovi, ma ixtlavi yn jhijotzin in jtlatoltzin, in
iehoatl tloque naoaque: auh ma ixtlavi in jntlatol
in aoaque, in tepeoaque, tlein qujtta in ma yuh cioa-
tioa, cujx vei malacatl, cujx vei tzotzopaztli: Ca
anommati in njxco, in nocpac, auh ca avel cententli,
cencamatl njcqujxtia, in jhijotl, in tlatolli: auh ca
nelle axcan ca cujtlatitlan, ca tlagultitlan nonemja:
auh at amo nelli nonemja, in vncan tlacaoa yiol-
lotzin totecujo. O ye tlacauhquj in moiollotzin, in
monacaiotzin: ca njcan njcana, njcan njccuj in
anemjuhquj in tla^otli in chalchiuhtic, in teuxiuhtic:
in naiotl in taiotl in atemaconj, in ateilhvilonj in
nelpilli: mano^o ic no njlpitinemjz in macujl, in
matlac auh ma noneellaquauh muchioaz, notopil,
n o t nonetlaquechil njcchioaz: oticmocnelili in matzin,
in motepetzin: auh ca njcan ticmotlatlauhtiha in
t o t e c u j o in tloque, naoaque: ma gan ne njnotta, ma
qujxtilia.
suelen dezir. dignas de ser muy guar-
vezes st
es, y
de padr
61
 "And thou praycst for those who went guarding
for you, those who went performing their office, their
work, on the reed mat, on the reed seat — the lords,
the rulers who have already gone beyond to reside,
those who came to dispose, to order well for our
lord, on the reed mat, on the reed seat. Peace be
with thee. Be seated; rest thy hands, diy feet."
[The orator] replied; he said to him: "O our lord,
0 precious person, thou wilt be pained. I shall
molest thee. I cause thee to sweat; I trouble thee;
1 cause ther headaches, stomach pains. May our lord,
the lord of the near, of the nigh, rest thee in peace.
And in what possible manner will he determine in
a short time?
Perform thy officc; do thy work; for already those
above us and in the land of the dead rest watching,
and already in all the world all remain looking. 2
First of all, may our lord make known if perhaps
thou mayest continue the city. Take heed, O our
lord, O ruler, O my son! May we yet place our faith
in Teyocoyani, Tcimatini, Techichiuani. Take heed,
O master, O our lord, O ruler. Perform thy office;
do thy work."
And if only lie responded whom the ruler placed
.if his Icfr, pio\ ulrd obsidian sandals, he said: 8
2- Ibid.: "aca en el m ,
* a » p . .1, * - " ™ W o , , .
puestos
62
Auh ca iehoantin tiqujnmotlatlauhtilia in amcch-
motlapialilitivi, in tlacotitivi, in tequjttiuj, in petla-
pan, in icpalpan, in tetecutin, in tlatoque: in ie nachca
onmantivi, yn ovel qujmorlatlatlalilico, yn ovel quj-
motlatctecjujlilico totccujo, in petlapan yn jcpalpan.
Tie ticmatcatzintli, ma tlaltech ximaxiti, ma ximo-
vetziti: ma xicmocevili in momatzin, in mocxitzin.
Connanqujlia, qujlvia. Totccoc, tla?otitlacatle; ti-
m ococotz i n oz n j m j t z n o 11 a x i 1 i z, n j m j tzn j ton j lia>
njmjeznamanjlia: motzontccontzin, melchiqujuh-
tzin noconeoa. Ma mjtzmotlamatcatlalili in tote-
cujo, in tloque, naoaque: auh anca quen macujl,
matlac qujmonequjltiz:
ma ximorlacotili, ma ximotequjtili: ca ie oalitzto.
toe in topan, auh in mjctlan, auh in cemanaoac: ca
ie oallachialotoc. Ma oc ie ie qujmomachitia ^
totecujo, cujx vel achitzin ticmotoctiliz in at] '
tepetl: ma oc titlatemachican totccoe, tlatoanje ' ^
piltzintzinc: ma oc tictotemachilican in t e i o c o ' ^
in tehimatinj, in techichioanj. T i e ticmomachiti^
tzintli, tlacatle totecoe, tlatoanje: ma ximotlacorT
ma ximotequjtili. ^
Auh intla ? a n qujtlananqujlilia yn aqujn cODOrk
tia, qujtzcactia in tlatoanj. qujtoa.
o,os en vos."
 Thirteenth Chapter. Here are told the words
with which still another person prayed, with which
he replied, when the ruler did not speak. T h e one
who said them was perhaps some great nobleman
or a dignitary, or a kinsman of the ruler, one who
had mastered well the words, one who'was very
wise. Here many courtly utterances are related.
"Be welcomed, for here thou hast brought forth
a word or two, the incomparable [words] which
your progenitors, those who have gone on to remain
beyond, who went having treasured, who went hav-
ing cherished the motherhood, the fatherhood, the
precious, that which was like a precious green stone,
like a precious turquoise, like a bracelet.
"Here thou hast given them to the master, the
lord, N., the youngest son; to the spine, the thorn,
the relic of the lords, the rulers who have gone on to
remain beyond. A n d t h o u hast prayed to him,
encouraged him, animated him. It is as if thou
hadst stuffed someone with earth, with straw.
"Our lord [the ruler] can nowhere lose [what
thou hast said]. But perhaps our lord [the god]
will put him in the smoke, in the mist. 1 The poor
one —perhaps he will continue the city for a while.
And as for the realm, perhaps for a time, for a day,
he will have it as a loan; he will see it in dreams;
he will dream of it.
"Now verily, in truth, the rulership is not a peace-
ful place, a good place, for things slip, things slide.
And there remain piled up words of stone, words
which are clubs. Those of the city remain grum-
bling, howling. His cities which remain about, re-
gain menacing. 2 , ,
"And this which thou hast brought forth, the
comparable, the precious — that which can
^ e n , guarded, remembered: the spirit, the wora
Perhaps he will cast it away, perhaps destroy it, P
njeblas, y tinjebtas. de
las
Corresponding Spanish text: "y It P°"«a
1 W ca y ^ „ ytepeuh. The corresP
• dardos de palabras, que arc,an los
muchos amenafando. y amagando con piedras, y
tolli 1 T , e y CapituI°' v n c a n mjtoa in da-
daeaH t l a t k t l a u h t i a i a > " j c tlacuepaia in oc e
9
uacatl. in jquac amo datoaia datoanj: iehoad quj-
toaia m a 9 o aca vey piUi ano^o tecutlato: anoco
yoaniulqu, in datoanj, in vel qujmatia tlatolli, in
vel mjmatinj catca: mjec in vncan moteneoa tecpil-
latolli. K
Tie ticmomachiltia, a ca njcan ticmoqujxdlia, in
cententli, in cencamatl in anemjuhquj in a cacauh-
tivi, in jpan molpilitivi in amotechiuhcaoan: in ie
nachca onmanduj in naiud, in taiutl, in tla^otic,
in chalchiuhtic in teuxiuhtic, in maqujztic.
A ca njcan ticmomaqujlia in tlacatl in tlacatecutli
yn N. in xocoiotl: in jnvitzio, in jmavaio in jnne-
cauhca in tetecudn, in tlatoque in ie nachca onman-
dvi: auh ca ticmotladauhtilia, aco dcmolpilia, aco
dcmotetzjlhvia: a manoce iuhquj, aquj daltzintli,
aquj gacatzintli ipan ticmotemjlia.
A ca acan, vel qujpoloa in totecujo: ano^o ie
vncan jn, poctlan, yiaiauhtlan qujmuchiviliz in tote-
cujo: motolinjcatzintli, ago vel achi qujtoctiz in atl,
in tepetl: auh yn petlad, in jcpalli: ago achica cemjl-
vitl qujtlaneviz, qujcochideoaz, qujtemjqujz.
A ca nelle axcan, ca amo yvian ieccan in petlapan,
yn jcpalpan: ca daalaoa, ca tlapetzcavi: auh ca vncan
nepanjuhtoc in tlatoltetl, in tlatolquavitl: a ca popo-
locatoc, ca oiuhtoc in aoa, in tepeoa: ca yjauh ca
yteuh ietoc, ca tlaacoleuhtoc.
Auh ynjn, in dcmoqujxtilia in anemjuhquj in tla-
codi in cujvanj, in pialoni, in ne.ollot.lan, in jhijod,
fn tlatolli: a ? o cana condaSaz, a 5 o conpoloz, ago con-
jlcaoaz auh manogo ic onjlpitinemj, ma ipatiuh
' . ^ Juras. de /0, embidiosos. y dc las
'' . t i s thus: "por
de P
hs pueblos, y rcynos circuns,antes. donde
de p a l a b r a s soberu,as. y •
^
 •

haps forget it. But may he go bound to it; may it
become his aid when he hadi been placed there in
the patolli game, in the ball game; for the glove, the
leather hip-guard, the girdle have been placed on;
for yet he is to contend with others in the patolli
game, in the ball game; he is yet to play the ball
game with others; he is yet to play patolli
"And so in what manner, in truth, doth our lord
determine? Perhaps it is his desert, his merit, that
our lord only passeth his glory, his honor before his
face. Perhaps we dream, perhaps we see in dreams.
Perhaps in a few days the lord of the near, of the
nigh, will grow angry, will be demanding — will
take to himself, will remove his honor, his glory,
his realm; will banish him to the excrement, the
refuse. And that which is truly the lot of us who are
commoners will fall: paralysis, blindness. Soon
thereafter he will hide him, will place him under-
foot, will send him to our common home. For
verily, for this, nothing is the desert, nothing is the
merit.4
"Blessed is the acquaintance of our lord who in
peace, in tranquility dieth, perisheth, in his realm, in
his place of honor.5 Blessed is he who in peace, in
tranquility, praycth to, ordereth the affairs of our
lord. Blessed is he who raiscth up the heads, provid-
ed! glory, provideth renown to his mothers, his
father^ his grandfathers, his grandmothers, his
great-grandfathers who caused the nobility, the ruler-
ship to sprout, to blossom; in whose time the realm
prospered, grew in dignity. And blessed are those
who are told of, who are named.6
"And this one, will he in truth abdicate? Will he
perhaps conceal himself? Will he perhaps hide?
Will lie perhaps go somewhere? Will he verily per-
haps not respect, nor comply with the spirit, the
word of the lonl of the near, of the nigh? Of the
city? What doth he know of our lord? Is he pru-
dent? Is he able? Is he wise? And is he perhaps
accomplished in words? Perhaps not. Perhaps yet
muchiuhtica, in vncan oonquetzaloc in P
tlachco: ca oontlatlalililoc in maichoatl in q ^
in nclpilonj: ca oc ichoatl ontenamjqu^ ' P >
in tlachco: oc ichoatl ontcollamjz, oc ten
toz.
Auh anca qucn ^
cujx ilvil, cujx - - ^ ^ j m a v S : a9o tite^,
T r ^
U l , a m t i f mitliriz, viptlatiz
a ? o ucochitlcoa at naoaquc: ^ ^
moncncqujz, in .ehoaoi »4 ^ ^
cujUz, « u a n j h z m ^ ^ ^
U ^ v e S a cotcqu,uh .n timaceoalti
u a d i in jxpopoiotl: noce n,man ie fan cuel con.
motladUz, conmocxipachilviz, conmjoahz m tocen-
W ca nel ic atlc ilvilli, ca ncl ic atle maceoalU.
Quemmach amj in jtlaiximach in totecujo, ^
jvian, in iocuxca conmopolhvia, conmotlatilia in j^.
tlapan, in jcpalpan in jmaviziocan: quenmach amj,
in jvian iocuxca: qujraotlatlauhtilia, qujmotlatete'
qujlilia in totecujo: quēmach a m j in qujntzontecon-
acocuj, in qujntciotia, in qujmjtauhcaiotia in jnaoan,
yn jtaoan, in jculhoan in jcioan in jachtoa: inqujxo
tlaltia, in qujcucponaltia in tecuiotl, in tlatocaiutl: in
jpan veia, in jpan vecapanjvi in petlatl, in icpalli:
auh quenmach a m j in itolo, in teneoalo.
Auh ynjn, a mach nel oc tzinqujgaz: cujx mod*
tiz, cujx m j n a i a z , cujx canapa oniaz: cujx nel apo
poviz, cujx nel aixtlaviz in ihijo, in jtlatol in tloqut
naoaque, auh in atl, in tepetl: tlein qujmottilia
totecujo, c u j x m j m a t i , c u j x ommati ynjx, injcpac.
cujx vel ixtli, c u j x vel nacaztli: auh cujx vel centen-
tli cencamatl: acagomo, ago oc aca ixpan in muztla
viptla m o t l a v i t e q u j z . A n c a quen qujmonequjltiz in

* * m * * ^ » * *** .0 tiene Dios determjnado, ** * ^

5. Ibid.: "Bienautnturados lot amioo 'J
t s l T ' rey "°' " fcibZlTt™^ c . . ' y
' yy drspucs
aespucs deac muchos
mucnus dias.
* S P""' sh '«> while departing «.rncwhat from ill, „ « , » !
6* Cowpondiajf Spanuh if
It*'
0n> y en*akaron sus rcynos, y senorios: bienauenturados aqucUos, 1

64
• the presence of someone, tomorrow, the n ^ j
I will faUcn H o w then, wiU ^ <% ctuS- m a 00 tictodatolchialican, ma oc tictotema-
us yet M* 1115 w o r d - U t u s yet placc our f a i ^
him.
«Thou hast mclined thy heart, thou hast been Odacauhquj in moiollotzin, oticmocnelih: ca
good to him, for a little, a word came forth to oqujz in achitzin, in cententzin injc ticmochicavilia,
strengthen him, to encourage him, to animate him injc aco ticmolpilia, ticmotetzilvia: ma daltech ximo
Find repose. Rest thy body, thy feet." vetziti, ma xicmocevih in monacaiotzin in mocxitzin.

65
 Fourteenth Chapter. Here is told a long discount
with which the ruler admonished all the inhabitants
of the city when he spoke for the first time Thus he
said: no one is to become drunk; no one is to steal-
no one is to commit adultery; and other things And
he urged the service of their gods, and importuned
the exploits, the warfare, called 1 teuatl tlachinolli
and the working of the land, and many other things.
"Here ye have settled yourselves; here the lord of
the near, of the nigh, hath seated you. Here he hath
assembled you, joined you, ye who are the rulers of
the cities. Here thou art present, thou who art
mother, thou who art father [of the people]. And
here art thou who enterest among others, thou who
art of goodly parents, thou who art of noble birth.
And here thou art settled, here thou art present, thou
who art the eagle warrior, the ocelot warrior. And
here art thou who art a woman. May our lord, the
lord of the near, of the nigh, give you peace. Here,
with a word or two, I greet you, I encourage you;
with a word I entreat you.
"Verily, now, [our lord] mistaketh me for another.
He seeketh a replacement in my stead. For a while,
for a day, I shall guard for you. I shall bring about
ruin, folly to your city. And I shall bring about
offence to our lord. 2
"But it hath already come to pass. Oh, miserable
am I. And I alone have offended our lord,3 and I
alone have offended our predecessors, the lords, the
rulers, those who have gone beyond to reside, those in
whose hands came resting, in whose hands was the
wide mirror; those who have set before the people
the thick, smokeless torch. And they are the prudent,
the wise, the strong of heart whom [our lord J nam
sent. Our lord inserted not within them, placed n
I- teuatl, OachinoUi. See Chap. 3, n. 3 M t a «
T t **<"> <*">""• * <> " ° m b r e , tl ' i r X r n S h o r i c a l l y
d e
W r Both teuatl, tlachinolli aad atl tlachmollt m
batall
a Or guerra for both.
2- For an understanding of this negative manner of «"If
3. This opening section is repeated in the Nahuatl text.
manth v ? n n ,^ V i C a p i t u , ° - mjtoa: cenda-
S l T ^ : ^ tenonotzaia tlatoanj, injc
qujcennonotzaia, in jxqujchtin aoaque tepeoaque: in
jquac lancuican datoaia, iuh qujtoaia, in ajac daoa-
mz, aiac ichtequjz, aiac tepan iaz, loan oc cequj.
loan qujtecujtlaviltiaia, in jntlaiecoldloca teteu: ioan
qujtedaquammacaia, in oqujchiotl, in iaoiotl: in
mjtoa, teuatl dachinolli, ioan in tlalchioaliztli: ioan
oc cequj mjec damandi.
Ca njcan anmonoltitoque: ca njcan amechalmoda-
lilia, in doque, naoaque: njcan amechmocentlalilia,
amechmonechicalvia: in amaoaquc, in antcpeoaque.
A ca njcan dca, in tinantli, in dtadi: auh njcan tetza-
lan tacdca, in tepal timodacatili, in tetechcopa dqujz:
auh njcan tonoc, njca tica in tiquauhtli, in tocelod:
aviz ie tehoad, in ticueid, in dvipilli: mano^o amech-
modamatcatlalili, in totecujo in tloque, naoaque ca
njcan cententica, cencamatica, namechtlapaloa,
namechciauhpoa centendca, namechtlatlauhda.
A nelle axcan, nehoad nechmotlanevilia, nehoatl
noca tlatemoa: nehoad achica, cemjlhvitl namechon-
tlapializ: nehoad daxoxopeoaliztli, chocholocaiutl,
noconnochivililiz in amauh, in amotepeuh: auh
nehoad dateupoalizdi, noconnochivililiz in totecujo.
Auh oic muchiuh, onotlavelildc, ocel njcnoteupo-
vili in totecujo: auh oic muchiuh, onodaveliltic, ocel
njcnoteupovili in totecujo: auh ocel njqujnteupouh,
in totechiuhcaoan: in tetecudn, in datoque: in ie
nachca onmantivi, in coiavac tezcatl inmac onmanjco,
in inmac oicaca: in oqujtequechilique, in tomaoac
ocutl in apocio: auh in vei ixtli, in vei nacazdi, in
vei iollodi, oqujtidanjco: in amo piloctb, in amo
piliollodi in jmjtic qujmaqujh, in jmjtic, qujmoda-
. „ ^ - . c a n s «he offering of b . o o * ^ f ^ T s ^ Z Z
£ la tea « - £ £ ^
signify warfare; Mohna, op.
-appraisal, see Pipillo, coconcio, Chap. 43.
67
 within them the eyes of a child, the heart of a child. lili, in totccujo: in vel qujntlanti, in vel
Hc provided them well with fangs, hc provided them auh in vel qujnmodamamaqujli, in amo .
well with claws. And the different things he granted neviltd: in ic nelli vel icnjoa, in vel idaiximachoan.
were not just by mistake, for in truth they were his
real friends, his real acquaintances.
"And here I shall offend those who founded, who auh iehoantin, ^
commenced things; those who are our great-grand- que in tlatzintileque, ^ ^ ^ a n yn ochpa-
fathers, our progenitors; those who came clearing the in tachcocolmKmoa, m totecm ^
way, who came clearing the trees, who came clearing naco, in datzonj p.co m epach ^ ^ ^
the stones, so that they established the realm. Here riaque in pctlatl, in jcpalli- in
they went awaiting the word of our lord. tivi, in totecujo. ^jnozcaUa, in anjtlachia:
"What can I do, I who am untrained, I who am Quen vel S onehoad, n ^ ^ ncchmod
inexperienced, I who am ignorant? Our lord mis-
taketh me for another. Perhaps for a while, for a
nfcochideoaz: ago achi vel njctocuz, m jnqfflm,!, m
day, I shall dream, I shall see in dreams.4 Perhaps
incacax in conquetzteoaque m tachcocolvan in tote-
for a while I shall be able to support thc bundle, thc
chfuhcaoln, in aieoaliztli, in aiecohzth: auh in atea-
carrying frame of our great-grandfathers, our pro-
tlamachti.
genitors, which they departed leaving, the intoler-
able, the insufferable, and that which is thc cause
of affliction.
Ca axcanpa, namechtlatlauhtia, namechdapaloa,
"Now I supplicate you, I greet you, I animate you.
namechcllaquava. Oc cenca ic namechdatlauhtia,
Especially, I entreat you, leave the jimson weed alone,
mano^oc onjuhtia, in mjxitl, in tlapatl, in aioanj, yn
the undrinkable, the inedible, that which hath made
aqualonj, in tcivinti, in teyxmalacacho: in qujma.
one besotted, that which hath deranged one. Thc
caztivi, in aconnectivi in vevetque, ilamatque, in quj.
old men, the old women went fearing it, rejecting it;
they went regarding it as revolting. And because of daelitztivi: auh injc momecanjtivi, in tetecutin: injc
it the lords went hanging one, went stoning one; motctzotzontivi, injc mecatl qujteiecultitivi, in tlato-
the rulers went making use of the rope on one. que:
"What is called octli5 is the origin, the root of the in mjtoa,
evil, of the bad, of perdition. In no way, in no place Ocdi: ca ytzin, ca yneloaio: in aqualli
doth it cause development of the earth, and in no in aiectli, in polioanj: ca amo ic, ca amo can dalma-
way can the earth endure,0 for everything relateth njzdi, qujchioa: auh ca amo ic vel man jn tlalli, a
to it; for it beareth everything. It is like a whirlwind, ixqujch itech ca, ca ixqujch qujtquj: in maca pn
like a severe wind, for it cometh rolling together the hecamalacotl, in maca £an hecatepuztli, ca qujeem-
bad, the evil. Behold: one [desireth] another's ololotivitz in aiectli, in aqualli. Izca in tecue, in tc»
woman; one committeth adultery; one coveteth, one pil: in tepan cana, in quelevia: in tecomjc in tecaa
stealeth, one pilfereth; one becometh a snatcher. 7 maiavi, in tetopco, in tepetlacalco in nemj, in mapiti:
Behold: it is one who curseth, who murmureth, who izca in adacaquj^a, in jten, in jtlatol: in chichico-
belloweth, who rumbleth* when he becometh drunk. tlatoa, in ooiova, in tlacaoatza, in jvintiz qujnmi,
[Because of] the pulque he braggeth falsely of his mohoqujehitoa in ocdi, moiehoatoca, mochanuoi
noble lineage; he thinketh himself superior; he moveilia, movecapanoa: aiac de ipan qujtta, atf
vaunteth himself; he esteemeth himself j he is grandi- compoa, aiac qujieoadlia: teixco teicpac nemj:
ose; he regardeth no one with much consideration;

is t r , : r tr ~ — « — « . . . -
text uses the terms ^ ^ ^ ^ * *-eral Practise, we have usually translated the tenn as wi*. *
0. Read mani in tlalli.
7. mofolti: c£. Chap. 41.

8. tlacaoatza: read tlacaoatza.

68
he valueth no one, praiseth no one; he is d i s r e s n ^
ful. , l
SpCCt"
-They say also that to no purpose is the drunkard-
n 0 longer doth he know what he sayeth, w h a t ī ^
divulgeth Nothing tranquil, nothing peaceful com
eth from his mouth. T h e pulque completely harm
eth, completely ruineth humanity, the character of
things; [soj the old men went saying. T h e pulque
maketh a glutton of o n e ; it is bad, evil, undrinkable
inedible.
"How can it be said ? W h o can it have been who
said it? W h o can it have been who referred to
pulque as jimson weed ? And who can it have been
who referred to the drunkard as the one who giveth
himself to jimson weed? H e is never anywhere
obedient in his being, in his life. H e deceiveth con-
stantly, he lieth constantly; he is two-faced, of forked
tongue;0 he goeth constantly spreading calumny. 10
"And this being so, can the drunkard possibly live
in peace? Can he possibly live in contentment? Can
he possibly go benefiting himself? 1 1 The pulque
maketh one weep; it saddeneth one; it causeth one
to cry out. H e introduceth castigation into another's
home; he goeth removing from the olla, from the
bowl. There is no [safe] storage for things! He is
no longer capable. 12 T h e wind swirleth within the
home of the drunkard; misery penetrateth it. He
possesseth no ollas, no bowls. H e cometh not upon
that which to hang from his hips, from his neck.
And as to his place of reclining, there is nothing to
throw over him. And his children are stained with
excrement and are thin; few are their rags, their old
maguey capes; little is on their necks. Furthermore,
the drunkard loseth all through neglect. He con-
cerned! himself only with what his entrails will
require. All is impossible. , Ic ipampa in tetecutin, in datoquc: yn oicco in
"For this reason the lords, the rulers who acted
for the realm, who gave forth the word of our lord,
go stoning people on account of pulque; they go
hanging people because of it.
"I speak, I cry out especially to you, ye who are
lords, and ye who are our uncles, ye who are noble-
men, ye who are the sons of rulers, that ye
-11 c
9. nenepilmaxaltic: cf. Olmos, op. at., p. 215.
10. Corresponding Spanish text: " ^ f J ^ Z n
See also maquizcoatl. Dibble and Anaers»».
11. T h e corresponding Spanish text differs
*'> que el borracho, nunca dene asostego, nj p«*
12. Read ueliti.
3 - O R ? - * ^ -
icamarni cemelle, aoc de dacacemelle in
S 3 T P ? a m , ( * * v c I qujtlacoa'vd "
cacornll'l ! ^ t 0 t i v i i n vevetque Vel tetla-
c a ^ o l t i h in octli, aiecdi, aqualli, aioanj, aqualonj:
'
can mach mjto, ac mach qujto, ac mach qujtocaioti,
m mjxid, in dapad in ocdi: auh ac mach qujtocaiod
in daoanquj, in aqujn qujmotequjda in mjxid, in da-
pad: ca pin njman aoccan tedacama in jieliz, in
jnemjliz: tlatlapiquj, yhizdacad, necuctene, nenepil-
maxaldc: chiqujmoli, maqujzcoad muchiuhdnemj.
Auh ma 5a ivi, ago tlacaco nem jn daoanquj, a$o
pactinemj, ago vel conmoqualtitiuh: tcchocti, tetla-
oculd, vel tetzatzid in octli: ca atl ccccc, qujcalaquja
in techan, comjc caxic ontlaxilduh, aitlaliloia in tlein-
tzin, aocmo veiti, ehecad motctcvilacachoa in jchan,
in jcalitic daoanquj: icnoiotl qujqujztoc Scomc,
acaxe: aommonamjquj, in jquczpan, in jqucchdan
pilcac: auh in jvetzian, ade in jpan qujoalla^az: auh
yn jpilhoan tlacujdaticeoa, auh dacicicujlivi: achchi
in jntzotzoma, in jmaiagul, acchi in jnqucchdanca
ca: mach no$o daoanquj, much ixqujch qujdatziuh-
caoa: manel no^o: yio conjxcavi, in jcujtlaxcol itcch
onmonequjz: muchi in aveli.
petlapan, in jcpalpan, in ovcl qujmodatcnqujxtiliha
totecujo: ic tetetzotzonrivi in ocdi, ic temecanjtivi.
Oc cenca amehoan namechnotza, namcchtzatzilia
in antecpipUtotond: auh in antodatzitzioan in anpi-
p i l S ! m andatocapipiltm: in anociuhtia, in m,xitl,
, , , J„, rabecas aue muerde. por pna parte y por
^ ^ f, culcbra de dos^c f
t i n c Codex, B o o , X . . "Earthly » ^ ^ fc ^
soIamente estos males ya «»» -r nj em pez, nj en quje
„to alegr<> »' ^
 alone the jimson weed, which maketh one drunk, in tlapatl, in teivinti, in teixmalacacho in octli, in
confoundeth one; the pulque, which is evil, bad. aiectli, in aqualli: in quihixtivi, in qujtlaclitztivi in
Those who went leaving you, those from whom ye amechcauhtivi, in jntechcopa anqujzque.
descended, went hating, went detesting it.
"Is the pulque perhaps a necessity of life? And is Cujx nemoalonj in octli, auh cujx tequjtl, cujx
it a requirement? Wilt thou die if thou dost not timjqujz, intlacatle xococonj ? ma iuhtia ?
drink it? Thou wilt leave it alone ?
ma iuhtia nopilhoane, ma iuhtia quauhte, oceloe:
"O my sons, may you leave it alone. O eagle war-
can tica, in otiqujnecu, xiqujlcaoa, xicmocaoalti: ca
riors, O ocelot warriors, may you leave it alone.
Wherever thou art, thou who hast smclled it, forget amo ic timjqujz:
it, abstain from it. Thou wilt not therefore die.
auh mago nel ivi in ticaoaltilo, cujx nelli mach ^
"Although thou art forbidden it, art thou verily cenca tipipialo? xoconj, xoconqua: iuh xinemj, ^
especially guarded? Drink; eat it. Live as thou wilt juh tinemjz: in quenjn, qujnequjz moiollo: ma iuh
live. Do, perform in the manner that thy heart will xonai, ma juh xoconchioa. A ca ie, moietztica, in tla-
require. The master, our lord, is already present. He catl, in totecujo: in tetl, in quavitl itic tlachia, in tehi-
seeth within the rocks, [within] the wood; he seeth tic tlachia, in tehitic tlamati: macaco njmjtzitta
within one; he knoweth of things within one. macago njmjtzmati: ca ie mjtznextiz, panj, tlaneziaji
Although I see thee not, although I know not of
thee, our lord will place thee in a conspicuous mjtztlaliz in totecujo:
place.13
teuhtica, tlagultica in rineciz, ichtequjliztica, chi
"By vice, by filth, by means of stealing, by means
tlatoltica: auh nel aoc timodacaiocoiaz timomecan'
of malicious words thou wilt reveal thyself. And
timatlacomolviz, timoztoviz, timotepexiviz: ach ^
verily no longer wilt thou have compassion for thy-
nogo nel ic maquja, nel toiooaz, titzatziz, titlaca ^
self. Thou wilt hang thyself; thou wilt hurl thyself
tzaz: auh in omellelacic, cana vtlica tivetztoz ^
into a pit, into a cave, from a crag. Perhaps it is thus
lantoz: ca tonanoz, ca tontzitzqujloz, ca tocontza^
already thy end. Truly thou wilt shout, cry out, bel-
tiaz: moca akecec, tzitzicaztli vctziz, moca
low. And when thou hast suffered much affliction,
somewhere on the road thou wilt he fallen, he crawl- tetl oholmjz metzotzonaloz: anc^o t u n e c l u
ing. Certainly thou wilt be taken, thou wilt be seized, an090 timjmjnoz:
,10Z)

thou wilt be imprisoned. Castigation will fall to

thee, punishment will move upon thee; thou wilt be
stoned, or thou wilt be hanged, or thou wilt be shot
with arrows.
"Worse, perhaps somewhere at thy time of drink- Ylhviz ago cana matlian, modaquaian mjtzanaz-
ing, thy time of eating they will take thee. When que, mjtzpachozque, in tecue, in tevipil ticmaviltia:
thou takest thy pleasure with another's woman, they ano^o tecomjc, tecaxic, tetopco, tepetlacalco timaia-
will overpower thee. Or when thou wilt remove viz: tocontzacutiaz, tontetzotzonaloz, vthca tivetz-
from ones olla, one's bowl, ones coffer, one's reed toz, tiviujlanoz,
chest, thou wilt be imprisoned, thou wilt be stoned,
thou wilt he cast on the road, thou wilt be dragged.'
"Thou wilt disgrace those who have departed leav-
tiquj montlaitoltiliz, in mjtzcauhtiaque: onjta*
ing thee. It will be said: 'His father, his mother
Qujcauhtiuh, o, in jta, in jnan ytoca catca: ach*
whose names were [N.J, 1 4 went leaving that one'
quj^az, ca qujxtilconetl: yn juhquj xinachtboo
Where w,ll ,t lead to? For the child , l i k e , h ™
amo $an no iuhqujn oalixoa ?

l3/ ^ r e s p o n d i n g Spanish
man ' l " ,arie a * * w Diot q u e t e v e e . t e publlcara _ y ^ tu ^ o ~
°m'tteC' Naiuatl, is present in the Spanish text.

70
As the sced is sowr^ doth it not likewise sprout?'»
"Or it Will be said: H e alone hath become unf
tunate; he alone offended the old m e n , th e oTd
women, such as those from whom he descended th vili, in vevetcrul ltlaVeHltic> °cel qujnmoteupo-
great ones who went causing fear. Now he dishon
oreth them; he ignoreth their ways.' 1 6 inquatla quirn n ' t e m a r u h ^ U e * * * in axcan
4 qujmana, in jxachi, intzoncal qujndalilia:
«Or it will be said: 'Hath he perhaps performed
the role of a commoner ? A n d although thou art of
a u
a
h t r e ? t 0 l ( f' A c h Ca ^ u j m a c e o a l l o maitia:
the palace, art thou therefore to be revered, even
though thou art a nobleman, even though thou art of tidaconHl- ^ 1 1 * 1 1 * ' °Ujx 1C - manel
9 omo
m m a n d CCnCa t e t e c h c ° P a aca"
great nobility ? Certainly not.'
"Witness the Tlacateccatl of Quauhtitlan, a noble-
man named Tlachinoltzin. H e was a great noble- Tla xoconjtta, in quauhtidan dacateccatl, pilli, in
man; he was served; he was master of the common Jtoca tlachinoltzin, ca vei pilli, ca tlaieculdloia, ca
folk. But pulque debased him. He concerned him- maceoale catca: auh ca iehoad contemovi, in octh:
ca qujxcaviaia, in tlatlapeviaia, in tladaoantinenca:
self exclusively with it; he indulged excessively; he
muchi qujdaoan in jtlal, muchi qujnamacac. Auh in
lived in continuous drunkenness. H e drank up all
otladatlan, itech mopilo, qujpeoald in jcal: in muz-
his land; he sold it all. And when he had come to
da ago quavitl, a$o tetl in qujdaoanaz, ynic mocco-
the end, he went on — he began with his house; on
viz. In odatladan, in aoc de namaconj: njman ie
the morrow he would drink up [the value of] the tetzavilia, in jcivauh ie teiqujdha: injc moccovia.
wood or the stones. 17 In this wise would he buy
pulque. W h e n he had come to the end [of his posses-
sions], when there was nothing more salable, then
his woman spun [and] wove for others in order to
buy pulque.
"This Tlacateccad, a valiant warrior, a great war- In iehoad dacateccatl, in tiacauh, in vei oqujchdi,
rior, and a great nobleman, sometimes, somewhere auh in vei pilli: in quenman cana vtlica, in jpan quj-
on the road where there was travel, lay fallen, drunk, xoa, in vetztoc, in oyvindc cujtlanexpol mandnemj.
wallowing in ordure.
Auh ynjn, cujx ic ixittoc: in ma?o vei pilli, auh in
"And this one, was he perchance respected because
ma$o vei quauhdi, in ma?o vei ocelud, in ma$o da-
of it? Although a great nobleman, and although a
cauh: in mafo mjtoa, centetzondi: ca amo ma ic
great eagle warrior, although a great ocelot warrior,
tlaiolitlaco, ca amo ic ixittoc.
although a valiant warrior, although called one of
nobility, was he not therefore punished ? For he was
not therefore respected. Ca qujmocujli, qujmocaqujd, itech acic: in atl idc
"The master, the younger, the Tlacatecuth Mote- monoldtoc, in dacad in xocoiud, in dacatecudi, m
cu?oma Iluicamina, who was in r e s i d e n c e in the jlvicamjna, in motecuSoma: auh ca conmodacoton,-
midst of the lake, received notice of it, heard ot it, lili ca qujz yn itetzin, in jdatoltzin: ca contequjuhu,
it reached him. And to put a stop to it his word a itech concauh in dacad, datoanj in quauhtidan
«me forth. He charged it, he left it to the master, n tlacatecudi in aztatzon: macivi in ?an itiachcauh,
the ruler of Quauhtitlan, the Tlacatecudi Aztatzon, . . . r a n i r l a c a t c a , in tlacateccad: ca amo mjx-
even though he was the younger brother Lot i i
m a C l V I VTot u j S S ca onmecanjloc, ca mecad
noltzin]. Even though [the latter! was something conkco in thcateccatl: in fa ie ixqujch, in fa ie ijo
a Tlacateccad, our lords paid no heed, for he w ipampa in motladaoantitinenca.
hanged; the rope put an end to the Tlacateccad. And los qualcs sc
all this because he lived continually drunk. ^ cailigtul ^ md
s p a n i 5 h « ^ " f ^ T h ^ P ^ b T 0 ' h

"ornauan. N. y bicn los parccc en las " ' ' " ^ Z ^ i l i a : cf. Chap. 43.
„aderos de su casa....
16- *n quasi a qujmana, in jxachi. intzoncal qui*
heuer el preeu, de las P^ras. V
17 Corresponding Spanish text: "comcqo a
 "How many nobles, rulers, merchants hath the Qucxqujch qujtzacutia in octli in
pulque imprisoned? And how many vassals have que, in puchtcca: auh qucxqujch ipan jch
incurred punishment for it? How many could be cujtlapilli, in atlapalli, qucxqujch mjtoani, 4
named ? How many could be mentioned ? moteneoanj. - x t cqujtl in
"And now, O eagle warrior, O ocelot warrior, is Auh in axcan, quauhtle, ocdotte- ^
pulque, is jimson weed perhaps a requirement? Is it octli, in mjxitl, in tlapatl: cujx ncmoalonj.
perhaps a necessity of life ?
^ . . oo<7 nimjtzontzitzqujz: ca tona-
"For I shall take thee, I shall seize thee. Thou wilt Ca n,m,tzonana^ca ^ n t z i t z q u j l o z : ca oncatc
be taken, thou wilt be captured, thou wilt be seized. noz, ca t o n c u j t i v e c h c ^ c a ^ n ^
There are the executives of the realm, the judges of in j t C q u a c a c ^ j m £aVlZdi c o n t k ^ u e ,
the city. They will spread fear of thee; they will oan, in atl, in t e p e d c a ^ ^
bring about castigation of thee. Perhaps thou wilt be ca moca conqujxuzque m > ^ at ^
vivuanoz
hanged, perhaps thou wilt lie cast on the road, per-
haps thou wilt be stoned. There will be fear of thee; rrLr—" -
thou wilt be dragged. Oucn nel njmjtznochiviliz in jquac, yn: ca o y m a c
"When this cometh to pass, what can I do for thee ? d v ^ ca oicamac ticalac in tequanj ca oucohnj in
For thou hast fallen into the claws, thou hast entered
jzti, in jdan: quen nel oc njmjtznochiviliz in , quaC)
the mouth of a wild beast; thou hast stirred up jus-
yn, cujx atoconmjhijoviltiz:
tice. When this cometh to pass, what can I yet do for
thee ? Wilt thou not suffer ? 18
a ? o nen no vie tioallachiaz, quen njmjtzchioaz, ca
"Perhaps in vain thou wilt look to me. How shall
ie tequanj icamac: a$o oiehoa in dtoenjoan, a ? 0 oicoa
I act for thee ? For already thou art in the mouth of
yn dnjccauh, in tachcauh: ca otechoalapaioti in to^.
the wild beast. Perhaps thou art of our friends; per-
cujo, ca otechoalxclo: ca oc njmjtzonnamjqujz,
haps thou art my younger brother, an older brother.
njmjtzonnccalitiz: oc njmjtzonanaz in atlan, in
Our lord hath broken us apart, hath divided us. I
shall contend against thee, I shall fight against thee. oztoc. Vi ach cujx tequjd in octli: auh in tcuhtli,in
I shall seize thee from the water, from the cave.19 da?ulli: cujx ncmovalonj in tetopco, in tepedacalco
Look! Is perhaps the pulque a requirement? And maiaviliztli:
the vice, the filth? Is stealing a means of livelihood ?
"May ye know, may ye desire the desert, the batde- ma ie xondamatican, ma ic xondaelcvican in jxtla-
field where live, where are born the mother, the oacan, in teuatenpan, in tlachinoltenpa: in vncan
father of the sun, the Tlacateccatl, the Tlacochcalcatl ioli, in vncan dacad in tonariuh inan, in tonatiuh yta
who provide drink, who give offerings to the sun, to in dacateccatl, in dacochcalcad, in catlitia, in qujd*
TlaJtecudi.20 And ones desert, his merit is the shield, maca in tonaduh, in daltecudi: auh yn ijlvil in jm*
the device, the ear plug, the lip plug, the lip pendant, ceoal in chimalli, in tlaviztli, in nacochtli, in tented
the head band, and the wrist band, the band for the in tcn^acatl, in d a l p i l o n j : auh in matcmecatl in
calf of the leg. And he findeth all, meriteth all — cotzeoad: auh in j x q u j c h qujtta, in jxqujch qujma-
the precious necklace, the precious feather. And ceoa in cozcad in quetzalli: auh in muchi ijlM
everything is his desert, his merit, everything his gift.
imaccoal, in muchi ynemac, in muchi caci yn jtotoofl
He gaineth all - the heat, the warmth of our lord
in jiamanca in tloque, naoaque: in muchi ijlvilti io
of the near, of the nigh. He deserveth all that is
eclic, in aviac, yn jtzmolinca, in jcelica totecujo, Ā
fresh, fragrant: the tenderness, the freshness of our
jcenvic muchioa in xuchitl, in ietl, in atl in tlaquatt

« £ manos ^ ^ 0 del casttgo, porque tu m.smo ^ *

Ibid, "y te sacare: aunque estes d b T i ^ " * <">>«»» " "

20. Ibid, "U que aveys de dessear y L Z ^ ' «

' y carn< de sus enemjgos." ^ t l a c a ^ a ū , tlacochcalcad. que Uencr. cargo de dor de b e * , y

72
lord. What goeth completely to him becometh the
flowers, the tubes of tobacco, the drink, the food T
breech clout, the cape, the vestment. He m X i h !
all complete — the house, the land. u
.«And he is revered; in truth, he is considered as
mother, as father. H e becometh as the silk cotton
tree, as the cypress tree, near which, nigh unto which
there is the taking of refuge. - o a c necaTaq^o
"Is not this one the same as thou ? Still another
thing: is not the heart of thy younger brother, of thy
older brother the same as thy heart ? Is not thy blood
the same as his blood ? Did not our lord provide thee
with bones, with flesh the same as his bones, his
flesh? Are his heart, his body of wood, of stone, of
copper? This same one is a weeper, a sorrower. Is
there anyone who doth not wish for happiness ?
"This same one is resolute, stout-hearted, brave
moderate, patient in adversity, devout, blessed of
heart. He calleth out in sadness to our lord of the
near, of the nigh. H e is a sigher. He doth not prac-
tise the joy, the pleasure of sleep. At midnight, at
the parting of the night, he weepeth, sorroweth, sigh-
eth; he calleth to, he crieth out to the lord of the
near, of the nigh, the night, the wind; he calleth out
to him with weeping, calleth out to him in sadness,
beggeth of him, importuneth him. And at night he
holdeth vigil; there is no sleep [at the time of] sleep.
"And the real woman is just by herself; one is her
house; her sleeping place is a separate place. And on
it she lieth holding vigil, lieth awaiting the sweeping,
the cleaning, the offering of incense. There our lord
showeth her mercy, taketh pity upon her. There he
granteth her things. Perhaps on earth he giveth her
valor to be rich on earth; there will be her drink, her
food. It is not apparent [whence hath come] that
which she will eat; that which she will plant in the
maize field will all prosper. That which s h e W 1
handle in the center of the market place, she will sell
all. Perhaps she meriteth there the peaceful, tne
gende death.
"Perhaps [for the m a n ] there will be the status ot
Ae warrior, of the eagle warrior, of the ocelot war-
rior, of the courageous warrior. He meriteth mUitary
prowess.21 And our lord provideth all m e n ^
*arm, the soft, the sweet, the fragrant. Ī W w ,
* * riches come from him by whom we live,
he is revered.
21. quappetlail, in
occlopetlall: corresponding Spanish
se : . // r*t «lcr» C h a p . I - 5 '
iloman quauhpetlatl ocelopetlatl...." C f . also C b a p
KShS^in qucmjtl in muchi
nammacho,
' " * * *
Injn amo ? an ie no ie, in te: oc ie cendamantli,
amo fan mjaauh, amo gan machcauh: yn jiollo, amo
?an no mhqujn moiollo, amo 9 an no eztli, in jezio:
aun in jomjo, in jnacaio: amo gan ie no ie in mjtz-
omjioti, in mjtznacaioti totecujo: dein, quavid, ted,
tepuztli in jiollo in jnacaio? ca ga?an ie chocanj,
daocujanj: cujx aca aqujnequj inpaqujz?
ca gagan ie iollotetl, iollotlaquaoac, iollotepitztic,
modacaoaldanj, tlapaccaihijovianj: auh tlateumadnj,
teud in jiollo: qujtlaocolnonotzanj in tloque, naoa-
que elcicivinj: amo qujpaccachioa, amo qujvclica-
chioa in cochiztli, in tlacoiooan, in iooalli xclivi
choca, tlaocoia, elcicivi: qujnotza, qujtzatzilia in
tloque, naoaque, in iooalli ehecatl qujchoqujznono-
tza, qujtlaoculnonotza, qujtlaidanjlia, qujdamatata-
qujlia: auh iooalli qujtztoc, acochiztli, in cochiztli:
auh in nel cioatl, $an oc onquato, ccntetl ical, ceccan
icochian: auh ipan ihi^atoc, qujmamattoc in ochpan-
oazdi, in dacujcujliztli: auh in dcnamactli. Vncan
on in qujcnomad, in qujcnoitta totccujo, vncan on in
qujtlamamaca, in at dalticpac, oqujchiod qujmaca,
mocujltonoz in daldcpac, oniez in jauh, idaqual:
hanezqujn qujquaz: in dein mjlpan condaliz, muchi
muchioaz: in tlen qujnendamachtiz y tianqujztli
inepanda, muchi aqujz: anoce vncan qujmaccoa in
jvian, iocuxca mjqujlizdi:
, n(
anoce in oqujchiod, in quauhiod, in oceloiod: da-
T n u i c h S iez, qujmaceoa in quappedad, in ocelo-
pC "7nnui in tzopclic,
>pclic in aviac: in jnecujltonol,
a vitz:
ilncrc
vncan on in acovic, in īlalchivic itto
los sol dados fuertes. y valtentes. que
creed, que sea contadoentre
"v \e hazen m
««t:
73
 "O noblemen, O lords of the cities, what do ye Tepilhoane, aoaquee, tepeoaquee: tie ammalia, yea
do? Because of these very things here, you will be vei in njcan amo ca nemomotlaloz, arao ca netetepa-
injured, you will be stoned. Already ye have been choloz, ic vei in amjitto: xontlamatican in jxtlaoa
seen. Know the desert place, the battlefield where can, in teuatenpan: in vncan teicujloa, in vncan
our mother, our father, the sun, Tlaltecutli record temachiotia, in vncan tetlapalaquja, tetlilanja in
one, where they indicate one, where they enter one tonan, in tota tonatiuh tlaltecutli.
in the book, where they mark one.
In titecpiltontli, auh in tiquauhtli, in tocelod: tie
"Thou nobleman, thou eagle warrior, thou ocelot
tiez ma xiauh, ma ximotlati, xiqujmontoca, xiqujm-
warrior: what art thou to be? Go. Hide thyself.
onelevi in quauhti in ocelo, in tiacaoan in iaomjeque
Follow, desire the eagle warriors, the ocelot warriors,
in paquj, in avia, in motlamachtia, in mocujltonoa,
the valiant warriors, those who died in war, who
in tlachichina: in cemjcac, in muchipa in coiovia in
rejoice, who are gladdened, who take pleasure, who
caviltia in tonatiuh, in tiacauh in iaomjcquj, ^
live in abundance, who sip [the flower nectar) for-
quauhtleoanjtl: anca aveli intla teoan xavia, xirnotla-
ever, who always cry out to, who gladden the sun,
machti in jlvicatl ijtic, in tonatiuh ichan: anca ic vcli
the valiant warrior, Yaomiqui, Quauhtleuanitl.
yn jz tinexoxopevililo, anca ie vei in teuhtli, tla^ullj
Accordingly, is it not possible? Be happy, rejoice in
the company of others in the heavens, in the home ic ūm)\acatzotiax:
of the sun. Accordingly, is it possible that thou wilt
be ejected from the very filth, the refuse, in which
thou wilt envelop thyself?22
quemach amj in jtolo, omotlamali, anoce oviC0Cj
"Fortunate is he of whom it is said, 'He hath taken
a captive/ or 'He hath been carried away; he hath ocalaqujloc oontlama in tonatiuh ichan i n N . i n topi
been imprisoned; he hath known the home of the tzin, in tiacauhtzin: in no^o tomachtzin oncatca,
sun: N., who was our son, the valiant warrior, or our oceuh in jiollo: ca onchocaz, ca onelciciviz in vevc,
cousin. His heart hath found repose/ The old men, in jlaraa: ca oalchichitonjz, oaltzitzicujnjz in jixaio.
the old women will weep, will sigh; their tears will
constandy start forth, constantly gush forth.
"But perhaps thou art much afraid or much fright- Auh ano^o cenca rimomauhtia, ano^o cenca mavin
ened? 28 Hence, know the ridge, the ditch.24 It is moiollo: ma ic xontlamati in cuenco, in apanco
said thou wilt be a man of the earth. The lord of mjtoa, tlalticpac toqujchtli tiez, mjtzicnoittaz, mjtz-
the near, of the nigh, our lord, will show thee pity, icnomatiz in tloque, naoaque in totecujo: in tlein
will show thee mercy. Thou wilt see, thou wilt tocontlaliz cuenco, muchi tiqujttaz, muchi ticmavi-
admire a 11 that which thou wilt plant on the ridge. ^oz: auh xontlatepeoa in mjlpan, muchi xocondali
And sow the field; plant, transplant all, plant the xocontlalaquj xocontoca in metzintli, in quauhtzinrii
small maguey, the saplings! Therefrom thy sons will
ytech patitivi in mopilhoan qujiocoiaz in totecujo in
go reviving; our lord will create [food] in time of
maianaliztli, nel oc no tehoatl tiqujttaz, oc ticquaz,oc
famine. Verily, thou wilt also yet see, yet eat, yet
tiqujz in motlaihijoviliz.
drink of thy labors.
"And thou noble one, whosoever thou art, it is
A u h in titecpiltontli, in ac no$o tehoad: oc ccitj
thou especially, thou who art a son of noble lineage
tehoatl njmjtznotza in titepiltzin, in tetechcop
whom I address: Care for the drum, for the gourd
tiqujz xicmocujtlavi in vevetl, in aiacachtli yn
rattle which are the means of awakening the city
loca in atl, in tepetl: auh in javiltiloca in tloque. nao*
and the source of joy for our lord of the near, of the
q u e : in jtlaitlanjliloca, in jtlatoltemoloca injc
^ ^ ^ which he is requested, a means by
nonotzalo, in vncan itlanjlilo in jhijo, in jtlatol.
22, Ibid.: "no

en que estays embueltos9"

si errs mcdroso. y cobardc, y
no te atreues a las cosas de la guerre vete a labrar U ***

74
which his word is sought in order that he be called
c0 in sadness when his spirit, his word are reques t
And it is a means of remembrance, a means by £ in teuad,
warfare is cast, is bored as with a fire drill i, in 1
is insti-
gated.
Will it be forever, even though y e have placed
even though ye have chosen your ruler ? Hath h '
anquhjeorn ^ * ^ a n ^ d a , i q u e . in mago
perhaps come 1forever? W i l l he perhaps become as 2 m a m °tlatocauh: cujx ocen valla,
a tree? Will he perhaps become as a mountain?26
Will he perhaps never die? W i l l he perhaps also Zo r m 'cujx tcpet,z' cu'x aic
endure forever? Perhaps, on the other hand it is 1C f' C U j X n < * °
contzacutica, cu x
closing with h i m ? W i l l there perhaps be no'more aiocmo tecutioaz, datocadoaz in omjc in omogoma in
realm, government, when he hath died, when our omonenec totecujo, in oconmotladli:
lord hath become enraged, hath become wilful, hath
hid him unto himself ?
"Art thou thus content? Art thou perhaps well
cujx ic timoiollalia, cujx ic ie vel ietinemj in m o
satisfied in whatsoever thou dost, takest charge of,
iollo, in canpa dein dcmocujtlavia, in tlein ticmote-
undertakest? Perhaps thou destroyest thyself; per- qujtia: in ago timopopoloa, in ago timodavelcaoa ac
haps thou givest up in despair. W h a t person showeth ce moca: auh cujx nogo motetlaqueviz in ad, in
concern for thee? A n d perhaps also [our lord] will teped, cujx canapa oallaz in qujtqujz in qujmamaz
hire someone for the city. Perhaps he will come from altepetl: auh in petlapan, icpalpan iez: auh in quj-
somewhere to rule the city and to be on the reed piaz in quappetlad, in occlopetlatl.
mat, on the reed seat. 26 And he will take charge of
the military.
"If thou enterest near, nigh unto our lord, if thou Inda idoc, inaoac ximocalaquj in totecujo: inda
givest thyself to thy city; even as in a wedding, if xicmomaca in mauh, in motepeuh: in maca gan
thou paradest in public, if thou makest thyself desir- cioativaian inda ixpan ximoquequetza, inda xicmo-
able,27 if thou dost not wander, even though thou nenecti, intlaca xicnenecujlilti: in manel qujltitlan,
art to dwell in the plants, in the woods, our lord will quauhtidan timonemjdz, ca vmpa mitzanatiuh in
totecujo: ca mjtzdaliqujuh in petlapan, in jcpalpan:
come to take thee. H e will come to place thee on the
reed seat, on the reed mat; he will cause thee to rule ca mjtzpacholtiz in atl, in tepetl: ca mocujdapan,
the city. On thy back, on thy shoulders, in thy arms ca moteputzco, momamalhoazco, qujmodaliliz in
datqujd, in damamalli.
he will place the governed.
Ac anqujtta, ac no anqujehia tie amay ? tecpipilte ?
"Whom do ye see? W h o m do ye also await?
tetzonoane? teizdoane? ac anqujtlalcavia:
What do ye do, O ye of the nobility ? Whom do ye
flee? auh yn amehoantin quauhte, oceloe, amo anquj-
"And, O ye eagle warriors, ye ocelot warriors, mati in ontetl ixtelolo in ad, in tepetl, in ome yma,
know ye not that the city hath two eyes, two hands, in ome ycxi: amo anqujmad in ome man yta, in atl,
^ o feet? Know ye not that two are the mother, tne in tepetl in jtepapaccauh, in jteahalucauh: auh in
father of the city, who are its washers, its bathers or
People, and its suppressors of tears ? .
j T S t " uacauh in pedati, in jcpalti amo
"And the so-called executives of the r e a l m : is not ce pHi ? amo ce quauhdi? amo ce quappa dacate-
°ne a nobleman ? Is not one a warrior ? Is not o cutli? tlacochtecutli?
military Tlacatecutli, [one] a Tlacochtecutli.
- que dura macho... • a otra parte, o a otro rryno. para que la nja, y
25. Ibid, "no sera su vida, coma v.da de arbol. o de pen. R , , alguno
la cornunji****" J haze la mujer. que se mue.tra em
26. Ibid.: "par uentura faltado los que agora ngen, ^ ^ ^ ^
que postea el trono real (( Matures c o n ellos. como

n 'bid, -y si te hizieres famjlliar de los <,«e r*e£ > _„

PUhUca "taujada, y galana para que la qujerS. y 75
 auh amo ce p.lli, amo in nanamicoa ? auh amo ce
"And is not one a nobleman ? Arc they not com- quappa tlacatcccad, tlacochcalcatl, amo no cr pilli in
plementary? And is not one a military Tlacatcccad, qujpia quappedad, ocelopctlatl: in jmac manj in
[one] a Tlacochcalcatl? Is not one a nobleman?
ronatiS m q U a p p i a z t l i 111 «tlitia, in qujdamac,
They take charge of the military; in their hands rest
the eagle vessel, the tube. They provide the sun with
drink; they make offerings to it. 28 Ca mjtzanatiuh in qujlddan, in quauhtidan: auh
"They will come to take thee from the plants, from in cuenco, m apanco: mjtzdaliz in prtlapan
the woods; and from the ridges, from the ditches; jcpalpan, tehoatl toconchoqujliz, toconjxaiopapac'hoz
they will place thee on the reed mat, on the reed in cujtlapilli adapalh: te momac manjz in madalarl
seat. Thou wilt weep for the vassals; thou wilt stop in toxpalad in jpapacoca, in jahaltiloca in cujdapilji
their tears. In thy hands will rest the blue water, in adapalh: auh tehoad ticqujxtiz in ad cec
the yellow water, the means of washing, of bathing,
tehoatl tictemacaz in ad cecec, in tzitzicaztli, te m ?
the vassals.20 And thou wilt bring forth the castiga-
mjxtiz, mjtzmonacazriz, tehoatl mjtzmotentiz, m j ^
tion; thou wilt deliver the castigation to one. Our
mocamachaldz, yn tloque, naoaque: tehoad'tied
lord of the near, of the nigh, will make thee his face,
tenqujxtiliz.
will make thee his ears, will make thee his lips, will
make thee his jaw. Thou wilt make declarations for
him.
Auh da ie ximottacan pipilte, tecpipilte tetzonvane,
"And consider, O noblemen, O palace people, O ye
teizuoane: auh in amchoantin quauhte, oceloe, tla
of noble descent, and ye, O eagle warriors, O ocelot
ximocuecuepacan, da cenca novian ximoottacan,
warriors. Take no rest! Look to all places! Where
canjn ca amoceio, canjn ecauhio amonemjliz, que-
are your blotches? Where are the blemishes in your
namj quen ca in amoiollo: cujx chalchivid, cujx
way of life? What is the condition of your hearts?
teuxivid:
Are they precious green stones? Are they precious
turquoises?
auh cujx riuhquj petlapan, icpalpan timonequj, in
"And art thou of such a nature that thou art suited
to the realm when thou art like excrement, like ticujtlaio, in rida^ollo, in ricmotequjria in mjxitl, in
refuse, when thou becomest a servant of jimson dapad, in aqualonj, in aioanj, in teivind, in tepolo,
weed, the inedible, the undrinkable, that which mak- in mjtoa octli: auh in teuhdi, dagolli dqujlnamjquj,
eth one drunk, which destroyeth one, the so-called in jpan ricnemjria moiollo, in canjn, auh in quenjn,
pulque? And the filth, the vice — dost thou reflect, ma xicchioa: auh in a$o tetopco, tepedacalco tiim-
dost thou think in thy heart where and how thou iaviznequj: auh in at no^o otax, oricchiuh,
mayest have done it? And perhaps thou wilt desire
to steal from one? And perhaps thou hast done it,
thou has performed it.
"Try thyself. Art thou of such a nature that the tla ximoieieco: cujx riuhquj momaceoal icz in, in
governed will be thy merit? Art thou of such a datconj in d a m a m a l o n j ? riuhquj tinantiz yn? cuii
nature that thou wilt mother these? Art thou of such riuhquj ritatli tiez, yn ? Aca^omo, amo 901 ie molvil
a nature that thou wilt father these? Perhaps not
momaceoal in quavid, in ted, in temadan tonotiiK-
» % - i t reprehenlfon; thou mjz, in ritemapan timuchiuhtinemjz: auh amo pa

28. jtequacauh, tlacatecutli, tlacochtecutli, tlacateccatl, tlacochcalcatl, etc. Cf. corresponding Spanish text: "time necesndad ie pe"»*^'.
lean executoret de los mandamjetos, de los que rigen. Para este negocio, de executor la justicta, avia dot personas prindpalet, v»° 1uf ^
noble, y persona del palado, y otro capitan, y valiente, que era del exercicio de la guerra: tambien sobre los soldados, y '.,.
principales que los region, el vno que era tlacateccatl, el otro tlacochtecutli, el vno de los dhos era pilli. y el otro principal en c '
guera [sic], y siempre poreaui, vn noble, con vn soldado, para estos oficios: tambien pa capitanet generales de las cotat de I» V " ' "
dos vno noble, o generoso, y del palado. y otro valiente, y muy exercitado en la guerra, el vno destos se Uamaua tlacateccal!. y f / ^ . ^
calcatl: estos entendian en todas las cosas de la guerra. en ordenar que concern™
todas las cosas. a la miUicia." Probably ti* S*»"
correct u> pa.nng tlacatecutli with tlacochtecutli. Cf. also Sahagun, Garibay ed„ Vol. H, p H 3
2 9 . Ibid.: "y pondran en tus manos, las cosas de la iusti
o delictos de la gente nnnul~ ••
iue es como vna agua muy l m p i a , para lauar. y donde t e l m - M " *

76
wilt rest in one's hands; thou wilt deliver thyself
into mc
into the hands of others u Andu not only lis
l u t only thy desert.
s thy desm l e mo?vU> momaceoal in jxpopoiotl in cocotozdi: auh
merit blindness,
thy ment bhndness, paralysis.
paralysis.980* ButTW is ; c not thy
. l desert
, rtj
nnt thv ,
a m o l e m o l v i l > amo ie vel momaceoal in aia^ulli in
uu[
h i very merit T " " r h e m T i r a b l e cane tAh c o\l da * * *
the r miserable cap e , ^ ^ i n j C n o i o d : amo vmpa onqujzriaz in dal-
rvery
misery?v? m e mthou
Wilt
Wilt thouuic not
— -suffer
not -
suffer e-extreme
p
x tcr,e ™uie~ oia rag,
-
privation? cticpac
a c o d acana
m a t i z tavixdaz,
in canam tivellamattiaz,
monacaio?'am hica
0 ? da-
an

Wilt thou somewhere be provided joy, contentment

wilt thou experience tranquility of thy heart, thv
body? Eternal torment, affliction are not thy only
desert, thy gift.
"Take heed; this is all with which I now greet
salute, encourage you. A n d I do my duty so that
when sometime it will happen, you will recall, you
will say: 'We have not heeded it.'
"May our lord govern you in peace and quiet. And
pay ye special attention; little by little dispose your-
selves. Who art thou that thou wilt lose through
neglect? Is it truly thou? W h o m wilt thou blame?
And who art thou that thou wilt take, grasp, place
in the chambers of thy heart, clutch in thy hand,
guard that which thou art given, that which thou art
told? And thou wilt bless thyself; thou wilt show
mercy unto thyself. W i t h it thou wilt live and thou
wilt eat, thou wilt drink on earth. Wilt thou bless
someone ? For thou wilt bless thyself. And is it not
so that thou wilt render glory to the old men, to the
old women? And will we not also through thee
experience parenthood, experience manhood ?
"This is all which ye take, which ye heed. May
our lord rest you in peace."
cemjeae toneviztli, chichinaqujztli molvil, monemac.
Tie anqujmomachida ca ixqujch in, ic axcan
namechdapaloa, namechciauhquetza, namechciap-
poa: auh noqujxtia injc yquac in quenman in jpan-
tiz anqujlnamjqujzque, anqujtozque, macace dccac-
que:
mano^oc yvian, mano^oc iocuxca amechonmovi-
qujlitiuh in totecujo: auh ma oc cenca tie anqujmo-
machida, ma oc cenca de anqujmati, ma oc amoiolic,
ma gan yvian xonmotemacan: ac te in tonmoxicca-
oaz, ha nel ie tehoatl, ac ixco, icpac dctemaz: auh ac
te in toconcujz, in toconanaz, in moiollocaltidan
tocondaliz, in toconmapiqujz, in toconmopialuz, in
dmaco, in tilvilo: auh ha tonmocneliz, ha tonmoda-
oculiz, ha ic Unemjz: auh ha ticquaz, ha dqujz in
daldcpac, cujx aca tiqujeneliz, ca timocneliz: auh ha
tel ioan dqujmonteiotiz, in vcvetque, in jlamatquc:
auh ano mopal tonpilhoacateuhtlamatizque ano
mopal tioaloqujchtlamadzque.
O ca ixqujch in, in anqujmocujlia, in anqujmoca-
qujda: ma amechmotlamatcadalili in totecujo.

30. cocotoztli: read cocototztli.

77
 Fifteenth Chapter. H e r e it is told how, when the
ruler had spoken, another dignitary stood up w h 0
admonished the inhabitants of the city in the pres-
ence of the ruler. T h e r e b y he especially praised the
words of the ruler, and venerated the ruler. And
with special sternness he censured the evils which the
ruler first mentioned.
"Thou who art here, thou who art an eagle war-
rior, thou who art an ocelot warrior, and thou who
art a woman: here the master, the ruler, dealeth per-
sonally with thee, with thy city. H e speaketh to thee,
crieth out to thee, personally giveth thee, placeth
before thee, scattereth before thee the precious green
stones, the precious turquoise, the incomparable, the
unofferable, the unsayable which our lords, the lords,
the rulers, the guardians of the city, those by whom
the earth existeth, took unto themselves. T h e coffer,
the reed chest, is opened; thou hast seen that there
lie inert, he folded the store of the governed, the
secrets, and the commandments of our lords.
"Now take it, heed it. W h o art thou ? W h o dost
thou think thou art that he dealeth personally with
thee, with thy city even though thou art a responsi-
bility, a burden? T h e r e dwelt, there were, there
existed the lords who were the lips, the jaw, the eyes,
the ears of the city. T h e lord of the near, of the nigh,
commissioned them; for it is their charge, their duty,
their obligation to m a k e public to the city the spirit,
the words of your ruler. 1 , Auh in axcan ca nelli, in nelh yiollo ticcocoa in
"And now it is true that truly thou troublest his
heart over thy city. It is true that he troubleth his
heart over thy being, thy way of life. And it is_assur-
edly true that he is thy real mother, thy real father.
Thy mother is not thy mother; thy father is not tny
fath
mer/- 7 nelli monantzin, y, ie nelh motatzin, in ticno-
"Truly this is thy mother, this is thy f a t h e r ^
P°° r eagle warrior, thou poor ocelot warrior.
ndbr,.Corresponding Spanish text: «
hfirdclo [sic], lo que d dixo: porque dies t,<n<n
2- lb«*.: |la madrc que te pario, y cl padre
ontla o rb ^ 0 ' V n c a n ^ Q ^ j n iquac
nonol, J ' 0 0 CC m 0 q U e t Z a i a t c c u d V n qujn-
nonofca aoaque, tepeoaque, in jxpan datoanj . 4
oc cenca qu,maviziotiaia in jdatol datoanj: loanquj-
mavizteneoaia yn datoanj: ioan oc cenca daquauh
qujtecaoaltiaia in dadaculli, in achto qujtoaia da-
toanj.
Ca yz tonoc in dquauhtli, in tocelutl: auh in ti-
cueie, in tivipile, ca njcan mjtznomatcavia in mauh,
in motepeuh, in tlacatl in tlatoanj, in mjtznotza, in
mjtztzatzilia, inomatca in mjtzmaca, in mjxpan quj-
dalia, in mjxpan qujchaiaoa in chalchiuhtli, in teu-
xiuhdi, in anemjuhquj, in atemaconj, in atcilhvilonj:
in jpan molpilitoque in totecujooan in tetecutin, in
datoque, in apixque, in tepepixque: in iehoandn inca
manj tlalli, ca otlapouh in topdi, in petlacalli: ca
otondachix in vncan cepoatoc, cuelpachiuhtoc in tlat-
conj, in damamalonj, in jnpial, in jnnelpil in tote-
cujovan, in vel intop, in vel inpedacal: auh in vel
innaoaril.
An axcan tlaxiccuj, daxiccaquj: ac tehoad, ac
timomati in mjtznomatcavia in mauh, in motepeuh,
macivi in titlatqujd, macivi in dtlamamalli, ca ono-
vac, ca ieloac: ca onoque in tecudatoque in jtenoan,
in jcamachaloan, in jxoan, in jnacazoan in ad, in
teped: in oqujnnaoati yn tloque, naoaque: caichoan
ynteniz, inmamal, iehoandn innaoatil in qujqujxtiz-
que in jhiio in ad, in teped, in jten, in jdatol in amo-
tlatocauh.
matzin, in motepetzin: a ca nelli in qujcocoa y.oUo
Z moieliz, in monemjhz: auh ca nelh in :e nelh in
ie iehoatl vel monantzin, vel motatzin: amo monan
in monan, amo mota, in mota:
ye in ticnoocelud, in aocac moca, m aiac
quauhtli,
* * *
wJrt.yP'Hlrccomotllocs...:
rcJrl tu verdadcra
te
engendro, no <><"> M
que
79
 "lHvia* njcan
is no longer anyone here in thy behalf; no one giv-
ccntentli, cencamatl, mjtzmaca, m ) t ^ ~ : - a n timo-
eth thee, addresseth thee a word or two. Here thou
tinanecatlamati, njcan titateeatlamaa, ) ^ ^
acknowledgest thy mother, here thou acknowlcdgcst
cujltonoa, njcan dmodamachua- j ^ ^ ^
thy father, here thou enjoyest wealth, here thou in matzin, in motcpctzm : m,xpan ^n: m
enjoyest happiness. He dealeth personally with thee, pctlacalli, tontlachia in ^ l c h i u h d i , in
with thy city. Before thee openeth thc coffer, the chaiavi in cozcad, in quetzaiu,
reed chest. Thou lookest above us, to thc land of thc tcuxiuhtli, yn a n e m j u h q u j .
dead. Before thee arc scattered the precious necklace,
the precious feathers, the precious green stones, the
precious turquoises, thc incomparable ones.* , . . v n dnanc, in titate, in at titecpilton-
"And thou who hast a mother, thou who hast a Auh in tehoatl yn una* , nctlacamatca m

father: perhaps thou art noble, perhaps thou art a di, in at ^ ^ ^ m

at totcncapan ^ ^ in m j t 2 m a c a <
valiant nobleman, or perhaps thou earnest to life,
thou wert born in a time of wealth, in a rime of Z r ^ t mota ' ca njcan m j t z — t c a v ^ ,
abundance. If thou graspest not, takest not, hearest S i n datoanj, in ad, in tepetl: auh ac oc n ^
not that which thy mother, thy father give thee, for ie in dccaqujz, aqujn vitz, aqu,n ticchia, aqujn tictla.
here the master, the ruler, thc city deal personally
camatiz:
with thee, then to whom besides him wilt thou listen ?
Who will come? Whom dost thou await? Whom
wilt thou obey ? *
auh aca?o toconanaz, aca^o toconcujz, ca ic tc
"And perhaps thou wilt not take it, perhaps thou
tocomati, auh ca ie mopatiuh muchioa: auh ac oc
wilt not seize upon it, because already thou knowest
mach ie in ticcaqujz, intlaca ticcaquj, yn? auh amo
of it and bccausc thy reward is already set. But to
£an ie otovitic, amo $an ie omotlaveliltic, amo pn
whom else wilt thou listen if thou dost not listen to
ie ie ixqujch, amo gan ie ie iuhquj, amo titlanqo.
this one? And not only hast thou become miserable,
not only art diou unfortunate, not only is it thc end, malti, amo ie itla vitz, at ie timotetzavia, at ie iz vitz
not only is it so, [but] hast diou not caused anger? in jquauhtzin, in jtetzin totecujo: at no^o otiemjej.
Will not something come? Perhaps thou takest vitili in jxpopoiotl, in cocototztli, in palanaliztli: at
fright. Perhaps thc castigation of our lord cometh. 4 no$o in jcnoiotl, in aia^ulli yn tatapatli, tonmot&z
Perhaps diou hast hastened blindness, paralysis, rot- vel tonmotztiaz.
tenness. Or perhaps thou wilt seek, thou wilt know
misery, the miserable cape, thc old rag.
"And in what manner doth diy heart desire? Is A u h quenjn no^o qujnequj moiollo, mjtzmodaa
our lord to show himself to thee as a man, to speak ittitiz in totecujo? mjtztlacanotzaz? tlacatlatoz:
to thee AS a man, to talk as a man, to talk ? 5 Wouldst tlatoz: auh cujx ie vel toconcujz, cujx ic ucl tocon-
thou perhaps grasp, wouldst thou perhaps take his anaz in jten, in jtlatol: auh cujx ic pachiviz in
word ? Wouldst thou perhaps thereby be satisfied ? moiollo, cujx ic tonvellamatiz ? auh cujx yc vcllonh
Wouldst thou perhaps thus be content, and would motlaliz moiollo?
thy heart perhaps thus be at rest?
"O accursed one! Who art thou? W h o dost thou
Vi tlaueliloque, ac te ac timomati: in njcan deta-
think thou art? Here we open the coffer, the reed
in toptli, petlacalli in mjxpan chaiavi, in ticccfr
chest; before thee are scattered what we have spread
mana, in ticmomoiaoa in cozcatl, in quetzalM
what we have strewn about: the precious necklace!
$otli, in maqujztli, in chalchiuhtli, in teuxiu^'
the precious fathers, thc precious things- the
pre-
3. Ibid.: "cn tu prcsenda
rf
y tafiro, muy"ZZZ
0Zos7amad0 nqunas- * « ^ctrina, son mas preciosas que cuentas de oro. y P^
las
que

not ruler, is m f a D , C f. ibid, -por ucrttura,

viene sobre ti algun espantoso hado, o algun trabajoso, y riguroso, ctsW
it*
5. Ibid, "qujeres
q U t * V n " " hablar. nucstro
teūor dios, en figura de hombre? y cō palabras de hombre?"

80
cious bracelet the precious green stones, the precious
^quoises; the incomparable, the ungivable T
unsayable,8 the treasures of our lords, t h e i r ' v ^ S e X d m toteaZCOnj " J * ^ ' W , in
possessions, their very stores. y

"0 accursed one, was the master, the ruler of thv c c u J°an, in vel innelpil, in jnpial.
city, the youngest one the lord of men, really set J
dispatched especially for thee? D o we here scatter
do we spread [especially for thee] the things on his
SSTS^m r u h ' i n
lil^Tf T ' cenca
moca da-
CUjX n e l U m a c h
lap, in his bosom? H o w much is his task? How motePeuh> -
a-twi
much doth he know ? Dost thou perchance know in c e S n T m daCatCCUtU? in deda-
ecenmanjha,
«an? in
Quexqujch titlamomoiaoa,
in jtequjtzin, in jxillan,
quexqujch in
in
machitia: cujx ticmati in que titco, in quen tima- jtozca-
qujmo-
what manner thou art carried, in what manner thou
malo: auh in que todatoctilo:
art borne upon the back, and in what manner thou
art led along the road ?
"Certainly night [and] day he remaineth sighing
ca ceioval, cemjlhvid, in nelli mach moca elciciuh-
for thee, weeping for thee, for thy city. Truly he
toc, in nelli mach moca chocatoc in mauh, in mote-
goeth on elbow, on knee for thee, on thy behalf, [to
peuh, in nelli mach imolicpitzin, itetepontzin ic dac-
know] how it will be in the brief dme he will lead
$atinemj, in moca in mopampa, in quen nenti in
thee along the road, and what thy condition [will macujl, in matlac in mjtzotlatocdz: auh quen cexiuh,
be] in one year, in two years; in what manner thou quen oxiuh quen tamjo, quen titco, quen totlatoctilo,
wilt be carried, in what manner thou wilt be led que mjtznequjlia in totecujo: cujx oitla mopan oalla,
along the road, and what condition our lord desireth cujx oida mopan iocoloc, cujx oytla mopan mjto in
for thee. Perhaps something came for thee, perhaps topan in mjedan, cujx otimacaoaloc,
something was conceived for thee, perhaps some-
thing was declared for thee, above us, in the land of
the dead. Wert thou perchance forsaken ?
"Wilt thou perhaps watch the adverse, the fright- cujx tehoad tiqujttaz in tecoco, in temamauhd, in
ening things which the old men, the old women haqujtzdvi, auh in qujmacazdvi in vevetque, yn jla-
went not seeing but fearing? Is it perhaps thy charge matque: cujx te mopan teutl qualoz, cujx te mopan
tlallolinjz, cujx te mopan amamaniz in atl, in tepetl,
that there will be an eclipse of the sun ? Is it perhaps
cujx te mopan avic datlachialdloz, cujx tehoad dqujt-
thy charge that there will be an earthquake? Is it
taz, cujx te demavifoz, cujx te mopan olinjz in mjd,
perhaps thy charge that there will be tempests in the
in chimalli, cujx cacalioaz, cujx iaoiaoaloloz in ad, in
city? Is it perhaps thy charge that there will be
tepetl, cujx te tiqujttaz, cujx te ticmavi?oz: cujx
apprehension ? Wilt thou look to, wilt thou fear the xinjz, cujx moiaoaz in ad, in teped, cujx cuecuetzaloz,
declaration of war? Is it perhaps thy charge? Will viviiotzaloz: auh cacumanjz, iooatimanjz, in atl, in
Perhaps the city be shot with arrows? WiU it be tepetl, cujx inencauhian momandquj^az:
surrounded by enemies ? W i l t thou look to, wilt thou
fear that perhaps the city will crumble, will scatter f
Perhaps there will be agitation, tremors, and the city
will lie abandoned, will lie darkened ? Will it per-
haps result as a place of desolation ? . auh cujx aztatiloz, mecaxicoltiloz,
IX a z c a u i u ^ , — „
cujx
' .
tecamapa-
. ,
Lmafrtiuiz- auh cujx noe oallaz in quavid,
"And will there be enslavement? 7 Will diere be
cujx maianaliztli —
the washing of others' mouths, the washing; o
xaxamacaz, cujx ixpohvz ,n cujtlapdb,
others' hands? And will perhaps castigation come
Will sickness, will famine come to prevail.'
cucntas
6- Ibid.: "aquj dcrramamos, y esparcimos dclonic W
baxos
n° K soelen dar, nj se soclcn dczir " andaremos serujendo en los mas
hagan todos csclauos, y
7- aztatiloz, mecaxicoltiloz: see supra, Chap. 6, n. • ^^ ^ nos
Corresponding Spanish text: " O por uetura ^ ^ a los em/ermos?''
Kios,, que es de arrutrar picdras. y maderos, * g]
 perhaps the vassals be dispersed? Will they be
in atlapalli, cujx ynencauhian momantiquj^az in atl,
destroyed? Will the city perhaps result as a place
of desolation? in tepetl:

"Our lords remain inspiring, remain ordering war,

ca teuatl, ca tlachinolli in qujpitztoque, in qujio-
rhat the earth may endure; for drink is provided for
cuxtoque in totecujioan, injc vel manj tlalli, ca teatli-
one, food is provided for one, offerings are provided tia, ca tetlaqualtia, ca tctlamaca in topan in mjctlan.
for one above us, in the land of the dead.
"Is it not true of thee that thou art much preoccu- Ca amo ma nelli mach, ?a cenca ? a n tixcavilo: in
pied only with thyself, even though thou art a respon- ma?o titlatqujtl, in raa?o titlamamalli, ca vei y n
sibility, a burden ; Great is the task of our lords. jntequjuh totecujoan,
"Do not reflect to thyself; do not scorn him who ma mjtic titlato, ma xictli ticcu,: in njcan mjxpan
standeth here before thee, [before] thy city, for our moquetza in matzin, in motepetzin, ca tlacaoa i*
lord hath personally inclined his heart to thee. For jiollotzin totecujo, in mjtznomatcavia: ca qujmoma-
[our lord] hath confided in him, hath inspired him; qujlia, ca qujmoiollotilia, ca mopatiuh muchioa, ^
for the word or two he hath set forth become thy cententli, in cencamatl qujmoqujxtilia: mano^o i c
reward. Go, therefore, attaching thyself to them. xonjlpitinemj, ma motac: onmuchiuhtinemj in tlaj-
May they be thy provision as thou dwellest on earth. ticpac: maca no^o can xocontlatla^a, ma vel moioll^
I*> not cast them away. Place them well in the caltitlan xictlali, ma xicmopialti: ca monenca,
Ca
chambers of thy heart. Guard them, for they will moiolca muchioaz,
become thy nourishment.
"Thou hast obtained merit. Who else hath so otitlacnopilhvi, aca ac oiuhquj mjtzmacac in
endowed thee? Thy mother, thy father. And wilt nan, in mota: auh aca^omo oc no ceppa' {
thou perhaps never again merit such ? Take heed! tiqujcnopilviz. T i e anqujmomachitia: ca ix
It is all with which I favor the master, the ruler, the
tzin, ic njcnopalevilia in tlacatl, in datoanj i n r
city. May your hearts rest, O my sons,"
tepetl: ma amoiollotzin motlali, nopilhoan e *

82
 Sixteenth Chapter. H e r e is told how another
elderly dignitary, well skilled in speech, replied in
order to respond for the city, and to show pleasure
for the discourse of the ruler, and to make clear how
to do, how to realize all which the ruler had said, had
stated.1
" 0 master, O ruler, O our lord, thy vassals here
take, here grasp, here rejoice in, here take pleasure
in the little, the small bit of thy spirit, thy word,
which cometh forth, which sparketh forth; that
which our lord gave thee, which he placed within
thee: the precious, the wonderful, the incomparable,
which lieth inert, lieth folded in thy lap, within thy
breast.
"Here the sons, the noble sons, the precious ones,
the precious green stones, the precious bracelets, the
sons of our lords, and the descendants of Topiltzin
Quetzalcoad—those under his spell—take it, receive
it. At this time they came to life, at this time they
were born; their desert, their merit is the realm, the
governed. So they came to life, so they were born,
so they were created where in the beginning it was
determined, ordained that they would be lords, that
they would be rulers.
"Perhaps they will grasp it, take it, hold fast to it;
and perhaps they will honor it, follow it, do it, make
it their way of life; perhaps they will inscribe it;
Perhaps they will place it, insert it in the chambers
of their hearts; perhaps they will clutch it well; per-
haps they will place it, inscribe it right next to their
hearts. For they are here, for already they know ot it.
"Perhaps they will not benefit themselves; they
"ill not benefit their understanding, and their bemg,
*eir life. Never will they live with othen ^ tney
not eat, they will not drink; their ^ ^
aaught And perhaps they will not heed it, per v
they will ignore it. Already they know of their
cities, already they become agitated. But rn
ruler is, i«
1 Th>« chapter U best understood by recalling that the
83
Ic caxtolli oce capitulo, vncan mjtoa: injc tla-
nanqujliaia, oc ce veve tecudato, in vei qujmada da-
tolli, injc qujtlananqujliliaia altepetl: ioan ynjc
qujtla?ocamatia in tecutlatolli, ioan ynjc qujnexdaia
in quenjn muchioaz, neldz: in jxqujch in oqujto in
oqujteneuh tlatoanj.
Tlacatle tlatoanje, totecoe: a ca njcan qujcuj, ca
njcan cana, in mocujtlapil, in madapal: a ca njcan
qujmocujltonoa, qujmodamachda in oalquj9a, in
oalchitonj in achitzin, in tepitzin in mjhijotzin, in
motlatoltzin: a in mjtzmomaqujli, in mjtic qujma-
qujli in totecujo, in da?otli, in maviztic, in anemjuh-
quj in moxillantzinco, in motozcadantzinco in cepoa-
toc, in cuelpachiuhtoc.
Ca njcan qujcuj, cana: in totecujoan in tepilhoan,
in tetzonoan, in teiztioan, in tlagoti in chalchiuhdn,
in maqujzd in jnpilhoan: auh in jdapitzalhoan, in
jdaxoxalhoan in topiltzin in quetzalcoad: a in jpan
iolque, in jpan dacatque in jmjlhvil, in jnmaceoal
in petlad, in jcpalli: in tlatconj, in tlamamalonj in
fan njman iuh iolque, in njman iuh dacatque, in
qan njman iuh iocoloque in canjn iooaia itoloc, ioco-
loc in tecutizque in tlatocadzque.
At concujzque, at conanazque, at conmopialdzque:
auh at conmavi^ozque, at contocazque, at conchi-
oazque, at conmonemjliztizque, at conjcujlozque, at
ijollocaldtlan condalizque, conaqujzque, at vei con-
mapiqujzque, at vei iniollo itech condalizque, con-
jcujlozque: ca iz onoque ca ie iehoan conmad.
Ach aonmocnelizque, aconjcnelizque in jmjx, in
iiollo- auh in jieliz, in jnnemjliz, aic tetloc, tenaoac
nemizque: auh haqujquazque, haqujzque, a inne-
miliz iez Auh ano$o conahacaqujzque, aca9o tie
jpan conjttazque: ca ie iehoan conmad, anca ,e
ujcauh, anca o t l a n e S o m a l d q u e : ca tel le cvel patiooa,
ca otimoqujxtitzino tlacatle, totecoe, tlatoanje:
mouthpiece of the god.
**
 is performed, for thou hast already complied with
thy obligation, O master, O our lord, O ruler.2
"Verily, they ignore it; they will not see it. And ca nel aiuh qujmati, aqujttazque, auh a itech aci-
tivi, a itech mocapanjtivi, a itech motzotzonativi ^
will they not go up against, go injuring themselves
caltechtli, a qujmottititivi in atoiatl, in tepexitl: auh
against, go beating themselves against the wall ? Will
atel yquac yneellaquaval qujoalchioazque in onquj 2
they not go encountering the torrent, the crag ? And
mjhijotzin; aqujoalitozquc. Iyo, ach macace ticcaC-
is that not when they will make their efforts [to
que, macace in tilhviloque: omuchiuh, ototlaveliltic :
remember] thy words which have come forth ? Will ca tel vel in otoconcauhque, ca tel vel tipatiioq .
Uc
they not say, 'O that we had not heard it! O that we
had not been told! We have become accursed. Verily que fan nel oc nen ?
we have abandoned it; we have our reward. What
can be done ? Is it yet in vain ?' A c a n j c a n o n t l a c n o p i l h v i a i n q u a u h d i , i n occlutl,
"Here have obtained merit the eagle warriors, the A ca 11J—" — * n a n e in aoc tate, in dacnoca-
ocelot warriors, the humble warriors, those no longer in jcnotiacauh m aoc ^ t e n c a o a l t z i n d i , njcan
with mothers, those no longer with fathers, the
valli: a ca a c h , t Z 1 . c ' n 0 i l v i a intencaoaltzin, inque-
orphaned. Here they deserve, they merit, a bit, a
qujmomacevia qu, ^ ^ n e m a q u e q u e > m Vc,
little of the leavings. They gather to themselves the
quexoltzm q u j m o F P J joan:
leavings, the crumbs of the favored, the rich, the
axcaoaque in da^otin,
cherished, our lords.
in icnjuh, in jtlajximach totecujo: a ic
"Wherever there is a friend, an acquaintance, of
qujcujz, a c a n a z : auh. a ic
a?° Ca" "
^ qujenomatiz
d o q u e naoaquc
in totccujo,
^
our lord, will he not take it, seize it? And will not
our lord show him mercy? Will he not achieve?
a iC q U , e o a z a 9 o quappedad, ago ocelopcdad quj-
Will he not conform to the lord of the near, of the
nigh, who will accord him something? Perhaps he inacaz, qujrti^ anoce in tlatconj in damamalon,
U 2:

will give him, will show him the military, or the in pedatl, in jcpalli.
governed, the realm.
"Verily, so is the saying that in the plants, in the
woods our lord showeth mercy to one. And although
he is in the excrement, in the refuse,3 the lord of the
near, of the nigh, taketh one therefrom. He washeth
one, he batheth one. Our lord will desire that he will
carry the load, he will bear the burden, he will reign.
He will direct, he will guide. The commoner will
respect him; he will be his mother, his father. He
will stop the tears of the vassals. He will bathe them,
he will wash them. And he will determine their
destruction, their exaltation. In his hands the com-
mon folk will be crushed, will be shattered, because
he hath shown humility to the lord of the near, of
the nigh. And well he took, heard, took to heart,
• f
unto himself, and put into practise the pre-
cious^the incomparable which came forth, the word
Ca nel noc iuh ca datolli in qujltitlan, in quauhti-
dan moteicnomachitia in totecujo: auh inmanelcuj-
tladdan, daquldtl[an] ca vmpa moteanjlia in doquc,
naoaque ca motepapaqujlia, ca moteahaltilia: qujne-
qujz in totecujo, iehoad tlatqujz, damamaz: iehoad
pedadz, icpaldz: iehoatl davicaz, iehoad daodatoc-
dz, ieh hacovic, dalchivic qujttaz in maceoalli, imn
yta iez, ie qujxayopapachodez in cujdapilli, yn atla-
palli: ie cahaltiz, ie qujpapacaz: auh ie qujcotonjliz
in jpolivia, in jacoqujqaia, ie imac xamanjz, imac tei-
njz in maceoalli: Ca nel no^o oqujenoma in tloquc
naoaque. A u h ca ovel qujcujc, qujeae, ca oqujmoiol-
loti, ca oqujmopialti: auh ca oqujmonemjlizti in
tlagotli, in anemjuhquj yn oqujz in cententzin, *
cencamatzin, in achitzin in mjhijotzin: in arno&S'
dacaiocux in omjtztlatolti, in omjtzcamachalolū $

"Tengo ^ ^ ^ ^ [ ^ K p r ^ ^ } ^ Sah ^ a »W«™ not to have rendered the first phr«s io jf,.
* y haziendo esto podran p a r L d o n d e a Z r t T ? " " e U a " ^ c h a r a n a Su e n t e n d r e * , y « « "olunUui. > > » /

T ra0la d0Cinna- all° " 1° °yan, na Z alVZ > HaZ,e»d°- y f uentura. « * » en poco. y
deWr: W copUdo, con Z t ZTd / » «« d,OS 105 menosprcciados, y ya para con <*
completion of this word lost i
in a semicircular cut at the edge of fol. 69.

84
or nvo, the little of thy s p m t < T h o u hast not been
f o r m e d as a man; our lord, the lord of the near o f totecujo, in tloque, naoaque. Auh ca iz monoltitoque
die nigh, hath made thee speak, hath made & in jnanoan, in jtaoa, in all, in tepetl in mjtzopuchtia
in m'jtzitzcactia:
open thy mouth. A n d here are the mothers the
fathers of the city, who put thee to the left, w h i put
thee in obsidian sandals.
" 0 precious person, O our lord, it hath come forth
tla^otitlacatle, totecoe: ca oqujz, ca oalchiton ca
it hath sparked forth; the governed have heard i t -
oqujcacque in tlatconj, in tlamamalonj, in tla^otli,
the precious thing, the marvelous thing, the incom
in maviztic in anemjuhquj, in qujpialia in qujtquj-
parable thing which the city guardeth, which [the
litoque in atl, in tepetl. A nelle axcan, odacauhquj
citizens] take with them. Verily now, ye have
in amoiollotzin, ca oanqujmjtacatilique in atl, in
indined your hearts to the city; y e have provided for
tepetl: a ca opopouh, ca oixtlauh in naiocl, in taiotl:
it. The motherhood, the fatherhood are rendered a ca oivic anmoqujxtique in atl, in tepetl: auh ca
are satisfied. Ye have done your duty to the city! oammototonque in jixpantzinco in tloque, naoaque:
And ye have warmed yourselves in the presence of
the lord of the near, of the nigh.
"May the inhabitants of the city live bound to that manogo ic onjlpitinemj in aoa in tepeoa, in oconan,
which they have grasped, which they have taken. in oconcujc ma conmattinemj, ma conilnamjctinemj
May they live thinking, reflecting upon their life in jnemja, in jquj^aian, auh in juetzia: auh ma ic
span, their beginning, their decline.15 And may there valchocaz, ma ic oalmcllaquaoaz in oiquac itla ipan
thus be weeping, may there thus be encouragement choloto, in no malauh, in no motecujnj.
when, having gone treading upon something, they
have also slipped, they have also faltered.
"I have caused thee headaches, stomach pains. Pay A motzontecotzin a melchiqujuhtzin njqueoa: tie
heed. May our lord rest you in peace. And may you aqujmomachitia, ma amcchmotlamatcatlalili in to*:
auh ma ximotlacotilican, ma ximotequjttilican, ma
do your work, perform your office, give support to
xicmonanamjqujlican in tloq, in naoaque, in ioalli,
the lord of the near, of the nigh, the night, the
in ehecatl.
wind."
 Seventeenth Chapter. 1 H e r e is related a very good
discourse of admonition, which served as rules of
conduct, with which the ruler advised his sons. When
they were already mature, already having attained
discretion, he urged them to abandon all the evil, the — q u j n t i a q u a u h m a c a i a , injc
bad;2 and to take firm hold upon the dudes of nobil- ljzquc, in jxqujch in aqualli, in naiectli.
ity, the dudes of rulership, and all the good, the fine. Auh injc qujdaquauhtzitzqujzque, in piltequjtl, iin
datocatequjd: auh in jxqujch quail, iecdi.

"Come, O my sons. T a k e heed, for ye are my sons •

for I am thy mother, I a m thy father, I who for a Tla xioalhuja nopiloane, tla xiccaqujcan ca ino-
piloan ca namonan namota in nehoatl in cuel achic
brief moment, for a short time bring about errors,
in nachicacaujd in naiuhcaiud in naiuhtlacaiud in
mistakes for the city. A n d as I guard for the inhabi-
njcchihujlia in ad in tepetl: auh in njqujntlapialia
tants, I do that which is laughable, which is folly.
in naoaque in tepeoaque in veuetzcaiud in chocho-
And I govern poorly on the reed mat, the reed seat,
locaiud njcchioa: auh in tlaxoxopeoalizdi njcchihuj-
the place of honor of the lord of the near, of the
lia in tloque naoaque in jpetlapan, in jcpalpan, in
nigh. jmahujzfocan.
"And here standest thou w h o art the oldest, the Auh ca iz dca in titeach in dacapatli, auh ca iz
firstborn; and here art thou w h o art the second; 3 and toca in tidacoieoa, auh in titlatoqujlia; auh iz dca
thou who followest; and thou who standest, who ompa dca on in dxocoiud, ic njchoca ic njtlaocuia ic
standest there, thou who art the youngest. Thus I njnendamad in njqujlnamjquj ac ie in nomamjcca-
weep, I am saddened, I am discontent when I reflect tzin, ac ie in noteoacauh.
upon which one is my sluggard, which one my inco-
herent one."
"And who will succeed ? W h o will show humility Auh ac ie in qujfiz in qujcnomadz to0, cujx oc
to our lord ? Perchance yet one of you will gain as ce ameoa amocnopiltiz, amomaceoaltiz in pedad in
jcpalli, in datconj in damamalonj, auh cujx no^o
desert, will gain as merit, the realm, the governed.
amo? cujx <p nocotzacutica cujx ie ixqujch, cujx ie
And perhaps not. A m I bringing it to a close ? Is it
iuhquj, cujx oqujmjtalhuj in tocujo in tloque in naoa-
Perhaps all? Is it perhaps this way? Perhaps our
que cujx xinjz, cujx moiaoaz in daieoalli, in nacatza-
tad,5 the lord of the near, of the nigh, hath declared
qualli in nonjccacalo, in vncan njcdatolchielia tote-
The structure, my reed enclosure, which I put
cujo in naiaxcaiodca in cococaiotica omoiecahujti:
together, where I await the word of our lord, which
cu x tlalli tepeuhtiez, cujx vncan nemanahujloz, cujx
was completed with difficulty, in misery - will it v i iez cujx polihujz, in notenio in nottauhca; cu,x
Perhaps crumble, fall apart? W i l l the land be con- a de no'tlillo notlapallo njccauhtiaz, atle notenio ne-
quered? Will it become excrement here? Will it m j z in daldcpac: cujx njnoce'polonaz.
fPPen here? Will perhaps my glory, my renown
^ P P e a r ? Will I cause nothing
nothing of my memory to de lot axtecas (Mexico: Editor,»! Joaquin Mor-
_____ el Mar(a (jjribay K.: ^ l»"
atura

tiz 1 i' 0 , F .° r a n alternative translation of this chapter, see Ange '

, 9 < * | hereafter referred to as Garibay, Uteratura), pp. 1 1 1

3
3.
WA
2 - Read
-
a i M , i ,7 the c o r r e s p o n d i n g Spanish ~ Spanish text reads: de

• «lacioi^ scc c h a p . 2 0 , n. 1. In Chap. 17, f -«y dry-m^th^- ...

I noteoacauh: literally, " m y A f ' ^ V p " "
« de 'fatir in'vtil,y
y'ypara poco, y al'guno a de talir dc foca
• tocuio: read totecuyo.
87
 remain, nothing of my glory to continue on earth ?
Will I cause my complete disappearance ?
Tla xiccaqujca, quenjn nemoa tlalticpac, quenjn
"Heed in what manner there is life on earth, in
icnotlamachtilo, tloque naoaque: ca <^an chocanj,
what manner compassion is secured of the lord or tlaucuianj, moneq' clcicihujnj, motcupoanj; auh
the near, of the nigh. It is only the weeper, the sor- tlaeumatinj qujxcauja qujeelia qujmotlaquauhmaca,
rower, who is required: he who sigheth, he who is yoan ixto^oa in ochpanoazdi, in tlacujcuiliztli, in
anguished. And the devout one' who showeth pref- chico, tlanaoac tlaujqujliztli, in juelmach in totecujo:
erence for, who wclcometh, who giveth himself auh qujmocujtlahuja, qujmotequjtia ipan higa in
wholeheartedly, and who holdeth vigil for the sweep- tlemaitl, in copaltemaliztli.
ing, the cleaning, the ordering of things, is the plea-
sure of our lord; and he taketh care of, he taketh
charge of the incense ladle, the offering of incense. Ivihin, in jtloc, inaoac, necalaq'lo in tloq, naoaq Uc;
"In this manner there is entry near, nigh unto the in vncan injc ixilan, in jtozcatlan maiaoa, auh in
lord of the near, of the nigh, where there is removing vncan teiximati, in vncan tetlaocolia, teicnoitta, tetla-
of secrets from his lap, from his bosom, and where maceoaltia, vncan tetlamamaca: ago oqujchiotl
he recognizeth one, showeth mercy to one, taketh quauhiotl, oceloiotl qujteilhujltia, qujtemaceoaltia'
pity upon one, causeth one to merit things, giveth one vncan cana, vncan qujximattia in jenjuh, in uel qUj!
things. Perhaps he giveth one as desert, as merit,
notza, in uel qujtlatlauhtia, qujpacholtia in quappe.
warriorhood — the eagle warriorhood, the ocelot
tlatl, in ocelopetlatl, imac qujmanjlia, in quauhxj.
warriorhood. There he taketh, there he recognizeth
calli, in quappiaztli:
as his friend the one who addresseth him well, the
one who prayeth well to him. He putteth him in
charge of the military. In his hands he placeth the
eagle vessel, the eagle tube.7
"This one becomcth the mother, the father of the iehoatl tonatiuh inan ita muchioa: ieoatl tcatlitia
sun. He provideth those above us [and ] those in the tetlamaca in topā in m j c t l a n : auh ie acohujc, tlaldu-
land of die dead with drink, with offerings.8 And hujc qujtta in quauhtli in ocelutl qujmonantia, qUj.
the eagle warriors, the ocelot warriors revere him; motatia: ca nel oqujto ca oqujnaoati in tloque naoa-
they make him their mother, diey make him their que: ca amo moiucux, ca amo mochichiuh.
father. [This] because in truth our lord of the near,
of the nigh, hath said it, hath commanded it; not that
[this one) hath done it himself, not that he hath
arrayed himself.
"And perhaps he giveth him as desert, giveth him
Auh anoce qujlhujltia, qujnemactia in pctlad,in
as a gift the realm, the governed. In his hand he
jcpalli, in tlatconj in t l a m a m a l o n j ; imac q'manjliain
placeth the blue water, the yellow water with which
the vassals are bathed. matlalatl, in toxpalatl, i n j c altilo in cujtlapilli, in ada-
palli,
"And he placeth him to the left, he provideth him
copuchtia, qujtzcactia in teteu innā in teteu intaa
the obsidian sandals of the mother of the gods the
faeher „ , h c who ^ <^ * tlalxicco onoc, in xiuhtetzaqualco maqujtoc, in ^
tain the^uoiscenclose, [ e n c l t d j totoatica mjxtzatzacujlitica in veve teutl in aiamje-
tlan in xiuhtecutli:

«• tlaeumatinj: read tlateomatim.

ofieiot. y d ^ T / e T a Z Z ' l Wen MC1 ,

1 » "ta enam! de Z Z o s ' f ^ "'ot hate mares l U • •

- — - - ttriZsZ" d a * — y - ^ -

88
 mtb the waters of the lovely cotinga, enclosed with
clouds — Ueueteod, he of Ayamicdan, Xiuhtecudi '
"Perhaps he assigneth him [position] as Tlacaie
cutli, as a Tlacochtecutli A n d perhaps he giveth him
some humble position of rule as merit, according as i P - qujpoa auh a,
the positions are arranged in order; he maketh him moth,™ , ™ " ' ' , c P a " ™ l ' qujmaceoaltia, injc
quichioa
one's mother, one's father, [positions] for which he ««vie, Svc'r'C '
is respected, revered. And perhaps he giveth him as in can tUrr^ ?/ A u h a n o c e m f an tlacouitz,
desert, as merited, something which is quite precious M b t " q , U '' h v i l , i a - ' a W ° « e o a | i a i n . L -
t
choice, of the rulership, of the government, such as ū L l t T ^ m a X C a n n ' C t e m ^ njccochi-
ueoa, in anolhvil, m anomaceoal,
what I now dream, what I see in dreams, which is
not my desert, not my merit. 10
"Perhaps our lord hath only taken me by mistake.
Did I perchance array myself ? Did I perchance do at fan onechtlaneuj in totecujo: cujx njnochi-
it on my own ? Did I perchance say 'May I be this' ? chiuh, cujx njnoiocux: cujx njqujto, ma ne, y. ca
ltlatoltzin in totecujo, ca tedaocolilli, ca teicnoittaliz-
For it is the word of our lord; for mercy, compassion,
tli: ca iaxcatzin, ca itlatqujtzin in totecujo, ca ytech-
is the property, the possession, of our lord; it cometh
copa vitz: caiac fan qujmotenjtalhvica in ma ne-
from him. For no one sayeth in vanity 'May I be
hoad, yn, caiac fan qujmocujlica in tlatconj, in tla-
this/ For no one merely taketh the governed upon mamalonj : ca moteiocolia ca moteimachilia in tote-
himself. For our lord createth for one, disposeth for cujo ca motenomatcavilia.
one; he dealeth with one of his own accord.
"And hear more. For this I weep, for this I am Auh ieh oc xiccaqujcan, ieh ynjc njchoca, ieh injc
anguished, for this I am saddened, for this I am njnoteupoa, ieh injc njtlaocuia, injc njnentlamati in
unhappy at midnight, at the parting of the night. tlacoiooan, in iooalli xeliuj, in canjn nemj noiollo, in
Wherever my heart goeth, it sinketh, it riseth. I am temo, in tleco. Ca amo ce namechvelitta, ca amo
not satisfied with any one of you, for not any one of aceme annechiolpachiviltia: yz tica in titeach, auh
you pleaseth me. Here art thou, the oldest. But in tzonen titeach, tzonen tiacapantli: cadi injc tiacat-
tiuh, ca fan noma pillotl, coneiod, in motech neci:
vain art thou the oldest, in vain art thou the firstborn.
ca ade ticnextia, injc dteach, injc tiacapantli:
What is it with which thou leadest ? For yet only
babyishness, childishness, appearcth with thee; for
thou exhibitest nothing to show that thou art the
oldest, the AAAfirstborn.
J LL/Vyl I l a

J 'n Chap 17 reads* "que es el padre de todos los dioses.

9. Similar passagcs are found in Chaps. 4 and 9. U e M o entre rnos nut.de ^ J J L ^ L T Z I
res.de en el olJerque de agua. y reside ctre las flares, que 'on b c r o s s i n g out and subsftuung words; the or,g,nal

aue se llama aiamjaian,

ic noma J m j c L yy xiubtecutli... 1 * MS ^ .^. f- / f lr Z pores s ^ a^uia
e s [ ? ] . < , « - ^ >«»"» * * [?1 * [?)

T W Ould
would seem »to have read: "que "que reside
reside enen eUogttr./
el hogar.J, res,
res, ^
^ ^ ^ £/ ^
£/ ^ ^ ^ ^^ dd
Um« afules.
afules, enboelto entre vnas nubes de joego ?]• ?)• • • • ^ ^ (vcr,;ficd ). .
;ficd) ».. ... Padre
Padre f^^ f t o M . ^ , elf/ Dws Anllgu0.
Dws Antigu0 de la Regiin de
Garibay, l n Lileratura, p. 113, has thus translated the Nahuau v ^ ^ „ < a n ( ? u , de agua de color a~
y o de la tierra,/ el que estd encerrado en enaerro ac H • Propallanda Fide (Berlin. 1904), Vol. 1,
'<" neblmasaedela lamuerie,muertej ei elaios
dios ac*del * Tiempo » [XtuhtecuhU,]-
. mUrrschntt ^der d nMiothek
'w"'"^ der. Congregate
~,nt ae die turrets arvene w ^ovramide
j-. i„ y , eingeht,
—-
Eduard Seler. in Codex
S e l e r . in Codex Borgia,
Borgia, eine
eine altmexikanische dem Nobel derUrde i e r Maue Herr).... Fiir das a,am,Con
* > » . translates: "die Mutter der Cotter, der Voter de,- Cotter^* Go,t.-der Hen desJurKu. i ^ , ^ „ ^ ayam.mlcl,a„.

I " ^ •trkisvogelfarbenen Waster das Gesicht umtchlossen^ • ,/an, 'das Land wo m

f oben angetubrten Stelle b,eten sich zwei Erklarungen. Bs K c l c m c n t is to be ^ ^ " o t
L ^ r n . a U n . das Land der Nebeltoten,: betssen• ^ a . « U ^ ^ Z X t i ^ S i . Vol.
ma T*™ mjxtzaszacujlitica into the for the " P * f ' d e r as cited above.
or mixiecuacuilli (battlement), it would accou aJmextk.anujbeB.ta wou,d f vor seers
^ Vaticanus. Nr. 3773 (Codex Vatuanus Bh « ^ „ ^ „ NMen- ^ ^ ^
p * J » » , suggest, that the battlement is a r e p r e s e n t a u o n o ^ ^ ^ ht ^ „ J e la reg,6n de los n,
l ^ 1 " (Code, Borgia, loc. cit.). lrfto> as Prob.
J l ahagun. Gar,ba y ed„ Vol. IV, p. 323. G - n J ^ X i c t l an)-" /o/ V " " "
' '« ""bias del sitio de los muertos pfeciosa, en»e lo^ ^ m„ac0....

j H c W p o n ^ Spanish text: " O / « daa merp. % ^ ^ „ro seno,

, J " >* "ngo. y u,o. como sonodo. y «« merecm,
 auh iz tica in titlacocoa in tixocoiod, fa cic titl»-
"And here standest thou, thou who art thc second;
cocoa, ?a cic tixocoiotl, rirnopopoloa, umcxU-
[and] thou who art the youngest. Thou hast only
velcaoa ? tlatlaco, auh tlacujtlapilco in mjtzoalioa
achieved being the second one. Thou hast only
totecujo: cujx yc timopopoloz?
achieved being thc youngest.11 Dost thou d e p r e c i a t e
thyself, dost thou fail for no reason? Our lord hath
sent thee second, and [thee] last; wilt thou therefore
depreciate thyself?
Tla xiccaqujcan: auh tie amaizque in tlalncn*
"Listen. And what will ye do on earth? To what
ca nen tepaltzinco oanmotlacatilique, ca oinpa] ar H
purpose were ye born by one's grace r For ye were
catque in totecujoan, in ie nachca onmantiuj in r
born by thc grace of our lords, thc lords, the rulers
cuti, tla toque, ca amo qujltitlan, ca amo quauhti^"
who have already gone beyond to reside;12 for yc
in oaiolque, in oantlacatque, auh tie amaizquc > cT
came to life, ye were born not among thc herbs, in
ie ythn amonaquj in topilli, in cacaxtli: cujx j
the woods.15 And what are yc to do? Are ye diligent
conjxcavia in cucmjtl, apantii: auh cujx ic itlan a ^
with the staff, with the carrying frame ? Do yc deal
naquj in qujlitl, in quavjtl ? amr>
exclusively with ridges, with ditches? And arc ye
diligent with herbs, with wood ?
xiccaqujcan izca in amotequjuh, xicmocujtlav lr
"Hear ye: here is your task. Take care of the
m vevctJ, in aiacachth, anqujxitizquc in atl in tenS*
drum, the gourd rattle: yc will awaken the city, and
auh ancaviltizqur in tloque, naoaque ic a n q u j t C
ye will gladden thc lord of thc near, of the nigh.
temozque, ic ixillan, ytozcatlan amamaiav,z<L
Therewith ye will seek his counsel, therewith yc will
irlaitlanjliloca, ca itlatoltemoloca in totecujo °
take from his lap, from his bosom; they are thc
prayers with which our lord is prayed to, thc counsel
with which one is counseled.
Auh xicmocujtlavican tultecaiod, in amantecaxxl,
"And pay attention to artisanship, the art of fea-
in tlaiximachiliziotl, yn jcocoiaia in ic timalivi in
ther working, the knowledge of things, that in time
jcnotccpillod, oaltenanbz, qujoaltzacujz, ca qualoni,
of suffering, when misery dominateth, [ thc artisan-
ca ioanj:
ship ] will be a rampart, a buttress,14 [so that] there
is food, there is drink.
"And especially take care of the ridge, of the ditch. auh oc cenca iehoatl, xicmocujtlavican in cuemjtL
Plant and sow in the field. It will not be of thy in apantii, ipan xitlatocan: auh xontlatepeoacan in
doing, and thou wilt not grow the maize, thou wilt mjlpan, ca amo mopan in iez: auh ca amo ticoapaoaz
not nourish it.25 So went [saying] those who de- in tonacaiod, ca a m o tictiaqualtiz, ca iuh hui in
parted leaving you, the lords, the rulers, those by amechcauhtivi, in jnpal anmodacatilique, in tctecu-
whose grace ye were born: they went caring for the tin, in tla toque, ca quimocujtlavitivi, ca ipan datotro,
ridges, for the ditches; they went planting in them. in cucmjtl, apantii: auh ca ontlatepeuhtivi in cucaca
And they went sowing in thc ridges; they went muchi contlalirivi: ca conjtotivi, ca iuh tech
placing all [therein]. They went saying: 'Such [our tivi, ca iuh tcchonpialtitivi:
ancestors] went giving us, such they went entrusting

"They went saying: 'If thou dedicatest thyself

exclusively to nobility, if thou plantest not in the ca conjtotivi: Inda xoconjxcavi pillotl, intlacaips
xontlato in cucmjtl, apantii: tie tictequaltiz, auh *
1 J- fa cic: read fan acic.
12. onmaruiuj: w e d c r i y e ^ w o r d { r o m

««»'• Garibay, Luerm

13. Corresponding Spanish text: ""•a, p. U 3 , V » it u derived from ana.
'm/rad
14. oaltenantix, qujoaltzacujx: cL Chap.que
43. no descendu de hortolano, o de lehadorcs...

^ ^ ^ * * * I. ^ ^ - < - v "
Nahuad: la l e m n t e r a smbrad y i Z j , Vo7aa " " * - " Ganbay. uLrmu,*. p >1«. "
Por obra tuya y a m e d r W q J t u h * de amerT

90
 • wc in the ditch what wilt thou give one to eat?
l t w . l t thou eat? W h a t wilt thou drink? W h
oc^h? tle t l q U , Z : Can niqujttac piHotl ic omeuh, ic
^n3t seen that one hath been sustained
haVCI1 ^ by/ "WUitv
nobTlityT
1 o n r f o n n n r o m i 1 1 •• —
L. • »r
»Hote that the sustenance really favoreth us W h o
issa id to have called to have named the sustenance
v c l t c c h c c n m a c < ^ «
o uir i bones,
— - , our „ . F o r it is our nourishment,
...knnes, our
L flesh? nourish™,»™ our' torn jo, in tonacairT qU,t0Ca,0ti ,n t°nacaiod, in
being* i t i s the walking, the moving, the rejoicing,
the laughing. T h e sustenance giveth them life; m o s t
ā 1_ ^—A • « I A. L» —_ _ « ca 'choad1 n v t T ; i e ? R " ^ " Paqui<
truly
ĀJ it is said: one ruleth, one governeth,J one
* con-
nel onmitoa i m n c m ) t o n a c * i ° t l : cenca
nuereth. Where have I seen an empty-gutted one l f l acuiTaZr' ' tlat0Cad' tC P COa: onjqujttac
nqU,>atlaqUanj tCCUti
a non-eater, who ruleth, w h o governeth ? Where
have I seen one without provisions w h o conquereth ?
S o 2 l r ' "
man in^Ml 1 ^ ^ cc ^aca.otl ic
Alone it is by sustenance that the earth endureth, man ,n tlalli, ic .oltimanj in cemanaoatl, in cemana-
titentimanj, tocentemach in tonacaiotl:
that the world maintaineth life, that we replenish
the world. The sustenance is our hope.
"And in the field plant the maguey, the nopal, auh xondatepeoacan in mjlpan in metzindi, L. in
the trees. The old men went saying [these] refresh nopaltzintli, in quauhtzintli: conjtotivi in vevetque,
the little ones. 'And thou, child, dost thou not also qujntlaceviliz in pipiltzitzinti: auh ticoncpul, amo
long for fruit ? But how can it be there if thou dost no toconelevilia in xochiqualli: auh quen, vneā, o,
not plant the field ?' haxontlatepeoa mjlpan?
"Behold, with this my words come to an end. Izcatquj ic ontzonqujqa in notlatol xicmoiollotica,
Guard them with your hearts. Place them in the xicmopialtican, amoiollocaltidan xictlalican, amo-
chambers of your hearts. Inscribe them in your iollo itech xiqujcujlocan: amjee, aixachin tlatolli, can
hearts. Not many, not numerous are the words. nel tacizque, quexqujch nel tiqujtoanj: gan izcatquj,
Where, in truth, will we reach? H o w much, in quen ontentli in pialonj, in neiollotilonj, in concauh-
truth, might we say ? Here, in some manner, are just daque, in techonmacatiaque, in techonpialtiteoaque
two words worthy of being guarded, worthy of being in techcauhtivi.
remembered, which they left as they went, gave us
as they went, e n t r u s t e d to us as they departed,
bequeathed to us as they went. Injc centendi: idoc, inaoac ximocalaqujcan in tote-
"The first word is to enter near to, nigh unto our cujo in tloque, naoaque, in dacad in iooall. in ehe-
lord, the lord of the near, of the nigh, the master, the catl- cenca xoconmaca in moiollo, in monacaio ma
night, the wind. Give him all thy heart, thy body. nen chico ticquetz in mocxi: auh ma mjnc t.dato,
L « thy feet go not astray. A n d do not p r e s u m e , do m T itla mjdc dqujto, ma dchicodato monexiuhtla-
n°t repeat something within thyself, do not blas- 3CO C. quavitU ted yidc tlachia, dacaqu, in tote-
pheme in thy defiance; for our lord seeth, heareth cujo' Tuh ca nel moiocoia, ca moquequeloa, ytla
within wood, within stone. A n d truly Moyocoya,
M°quequeloa will wish something on thee.
mopan q - i ^ ^ o e , tcn aoac x.monemjd,
Injc vncamad. yvian o• ^ ^ ra|X.
'"The second word is to live in peace with others^ maca xixtomaoa, maca ^ ^ auh
Be "ot a fool. Do not pant. May all people have thy
til, mjmacax: ma ma umotlatlaraatcachiuh,
estee «i, thy respect. D o not offend one b e c a u s e ot
m a no itla ic teujc ^ ^ ^
s°tnething.
A n d also do not rise up against one tor m a xitolo, quenjn ntoloz, ® ^ mahan tic0ad, ma

^ n g . Do not act imprudently; let whatever » njn dpoliviz, ^ \ " ; t c v i c teoa, ma dteheca-
b e said of thee. Let thyself be destroyed in * a imodadamatcachiuh m motcch xocon.

in which thou art to be destroyed; do no vitivetz: ca iehoad m,tz-

in kind. Be not as a serpent. Do not act matelo, ca m,tz>tzticac
Pmdently, do not rise up against one,

16. Lit
-. with no opening in the intestines.
91
 modaqualanjliz, ic motzoncujtzinoz. ^an ximone-
as a violent wind against one. Just press him to thee; mjti ca ie tivico: auh ca ie tichichioalo.
show mercy; for our lord is watching thee. He will
show anger on thy behalf; he will avenge thee. Just
live; already thou art guided; already thou art
Inic ccamatl: ma titlancmma, auh ma timonencn-
arrayed.
rbUicpac, ma ticncnqujxti, in cciooal, in cem-
"The third word is: Do not waste time, and do T - ! n m a c h c totech moncquj, in tomjo, in tonacaio,
not act uselessly on earth. Do not waste the night, i l v i Z T d c , in tonacaiotl xiquelcicivi, xiqu,danjli
the day; they are necessary for us even as our bones, m „• auh iehoad in toqucchtlan, in toquezpan
our flesh, our strength, our sustenance. Sigh to, ask ,n toto-uj . . . l a n : U i n totccujo, xontlalhujto in
i n toconpiloa^ ^ ximoncnencaoa.
of our lord. And that which we hang from our
necks, from our hips: ask it of our lord. Show fore- C C 1 r^an
cud .xqujch, y, ic njnoqujxtia in amovic: at
thought rnght [and] day. Do not be wasteful.
^a ancontlatla^azquc, at anconahacaqujzque: ca
"Briefly, this is all with which I do ray duty to you.
ic amehoan anqujmaU, ca onjnoqujxti:
Perhaps somewhere you will reflect; perhaps you
will ignore if. Already you know that I have com- L a c t c in torunocneliz, cujx tc in titeacapan, cujx
plied with my duty. ri ,ach cujx ddacocoa, cujx noqo tchoad, in
"And which one of you will profit? Thou who tC m J S c u j x tc dtlachixcatzintli, cujx tc ddacac-
art the firstborn? Thou who art the oldest? Thou GX0C01r m i x tc (mjtoa) tcutl moiollo, cujx tc titla-
who art the second? Thou who art the youngest? toconcujz, toconanaz, dcmopialtiz,
Perhaps thou the sagacious one, perhaps thou the
S o .tech tocondaliz, toconjcujloz: ca tonmoc-
able one, perhaps thou the so-called divine-hearted,
™Hz, ca dmotlaocoliz, ca ic tinemjz in dalticpac.
perhaps thou the divine-hearted person17 will grasp
it, rake it, cherish it, place it — inscribe it — in thy
heart; for diou wilt profit by it, for thou wilt bless
thyself, for thereby thou wilt live on earth."

17. Cf. corrripoodinv Spanuh tr*i- " j - ntfP

V " m b e ~ sin dczirlas a nadic

92
 Eighteenth Chapter.; Here it is related how the
rulers admonished their daughters when they had
already reached the age of discredon. Thus they
urged them to prudence [and] virtue, public [and]
private. They placed before them, revealed to them
the nobility, the government, the honor, that they
should in no way blacken, dirty, discredit the lineage
Very good were the words with which they admon-
ished them.
"Here art thou, thou who art my child, thou who
art my precious necklace, thou who art my precious
feather, thou who art my creadon, my offspring, my
blood, my color, my image. Now grasp, hear that
thou hast come to life, thou wert born; that our lord
of the near, of the nigh, the maker, the creator, hath
sent thee to earth.
"And now that thou hast become knowledgeable,
already thou observest how things are. There is no
rejoicing, there is no contentment; there is torment,
there is pain, there is fadgue, there is want; torment,
pain dominate. Difficult is the world, a place where
one is caused to weep, a place where one is caused
pain. Affliction is known. And the cold wind pass-
eth, glideth by. Most certainly on one the wind
lesseneth the heat. And it is a place of thirst, it is a
place of hunger. This is the way things are.2
"Hear well, O my daughter, O my child, the earth
is not a good place. It is not a place of joy, it is not
a place of contentment. It is merely said it is a place
of joy with fadgue, of joy with pain on earth; so the
old men went saying. In order that we may not go
weeping forever, may not die of sorrow, it is our
merit that our lord gave us laughter, sleep, and our
sustenance, our strength, our force, and also carna
knowledge in order that there be peopling.
"All make life gay on earth in order that no one
go weeping. And although it is so, although this
Paribav Literature, PP-
I; For other t r a n s l a t i o n s o f t h e c h a p t e r , see o a r
- MV AmHca Indigent, Vol. XXI, No. 4 ( O c t o b e r .
„ 2- Corresponding Spanish text: hija mja que""'*
de ayrt. y grades colore, del sol.
Ic caxtolli omei capitulo, vncan moteneoa: in
quenin tlatoque, qujnnonotzaia imjchpuchoan, in
jquac ie ixtlamatia: injc qujntlaquauhmacaia in nez-
caliliztli, in nernachiliztli in teixpan, in acanofomo
teixpan: imjxpan qujtlaliaia, qujrajttitiaia in pillotl,
in tlatocaiotl, in maviziotl: in ma itla ic qujtlilloti,
ic qujcatzauhti, ic qujfoloti in tlacamecaiotl: cenca
qualli in tlatolli, injc qujnnonotzaia.
Ca njcan tonca, in tinopiltzin, in tinocozquj, iin
tinoquetzal, in tinotlacachioal,
- — • » *in
* tinotlatlacatililil,
wiviaauaw i;in
tinP7.m i n finrvfrlirioll^. I~ • • I -i•
tinezio, in tinotlapallo, in tinonejximachiliz: a axcan
tla xiccuj, tla xiccaquj, ca otiiol ca otitlacat: ca omjtz-
almjoalli in totecujo, in tloque, naoaque, in techioanj,
in teiocoianj in tlalticpac.
An axcan ca ie timotlachialtia, ca ie titlachia injc
iuhcan: ca amo avialo, ca amo vellamacho, ca tone-
uoa, ca chichinaco, ca tlaciauoa ca vmpa onqujfa,
timalivin toneviztli, in chichinaqujztli: aiaxcan in
tlalticpac, techochoctican, teellelaxitican, cococ teu-
pouhquj macho: auh itztic, cecec, ehecatl qujztoc
mopetzcotoc: nelli mach in tetech cecevi in tonalli,
in ehecatl, auh amjeooaian, teuciooaia: ga fan njman
ie iuhca, y,
vel xiccaquj nochpuchtze, nopiltze: haieccan in
tlalticpac, amo pacoaia, amo vellamachoaia: fan
mjtoa ciauhcapacoaia, chichinacapacoaia in tlalticpac,
iuh conjtotivi in vevetque: injc amo cemjcac tichoca-
tinemjzque, injc amo titlaoculmjqujzque in timace-
oalti: iehoad techmomaqujli in totecujo, in vetzqujz-
tli in cochiztli: auh ie in tonacaiutl in tochicaoaca,
in tooapaoaca: auh iequene ie iehoatl in tlalticpaca-
iotl, injc nepixolo.
muchi qujvinti in ncmjliztli in tlalticpac injc aiac
chocatinemj. Auh ma ? o iuhcan, y, ma ? o nel ivi in
j 17-22, and Migual Lc^n-PortiJla: "Conscjos dc un padre nihuad a
y 339-13. deKO„,itos. donde ay fries. y destem-
' „ lugar de Uoros y Por eiperienci* lo sabemos.
de Ubre. y de sed:
>
 juh 'Ummnn tUlticpac: cujx ic caco, cujx K nt-
the way of hfe on earth, u ic perhaj» therefor heanJ. mauhnlo. iui\ ic chocatinemoa, ca netnoa in tlaltic-
is it per tup* therefore feared. is Idr prrhap» therrforr pac. trcutK». «Uh^.uHM. pihioa, quauhtioa, ocelotion:
bwd in weeping> For there » bv.ng on earth tlKir Auh aqinn M^itoticA mhcan. y. in tlalticpac:
a onr'i becoming a lord thetr * one'» boconunj a aquin mtmiKjujriccotuu. tl.iai u. ca nemilt\l0)
rtdrr; there n one's becoming a «whkman. ther*- » ^ iImI v ri vjutpAnolo auh net icatlanjlo, ncna.
b m n u n | an eagle wa/nor. rherr oor * mKt«k\ nciKchotilo, tlaiiAliuhcatioa.
* , v J n m And who I* aaving « " '
th»» n bow K M on earth* WW» « >«*
.irarfc' Far therr u the <rf dungs , the re » M*
^ . k ^ d . bwhhood. tb«T - the buikhng ct
k» their » t h e «rkmg of women;
there » t h e w r t u r of women to
a * » there u the m a n u * ei w t * to w o n * * Auh m axvjn nochpuchtxc: tla *cl xiccaqi t, t^
*\nd mm. O mr daugbser. bear u wrll. look at it xiqujvunjtta: ca iz vnca in monant/in in mot *.
drhheratth for heboid b m is thy mocher. thv txip.. in jxilian, m itoKcatUnpt otitxicutoac, otiiL /4fl:
ndhir our F r a n brr womb from brr breast thou tn mahan tixmhmntli, vn mahan tiqujltzintl
wrrt .hj-ped. thou wrrt flaked* It is as if thou we rt oaIikoac. o r i x o d * , oticuc|KKi: in mahan noce # A0>
M hrrh a plant which hath propagated. sprouted chia, otioali s a<
bkwMnrd It u also a* 1/ thou had* been asleep and
h x k awakened
xitbv h u . xitlacaquj: auh xitlanuti. luhcan, \ ^
See. brat, and know how it 11 on earth. Mat thou
rtalttqvic, ma tincn, ma s» tinen, ma achi t
b»r. h u t th«u tu« live. mar thou continue a little.
qurnjn tinemi/. quen achi tictocaz: nuch vel « 4n
In what manner wilt thou live? In what manner
in tlalticpac f trtzauh ovican nochpuchtze, ^ . : t
wilt thou continue a little' They " T the earth is a
tqwt/c, xicmati, ca tctcchcopa tivitz, ca tetei ^
•Ij'tfTMKM plat e, a frarrnmeU dangerous place. O
mr daughter, O « W . O little one.* Knew that thou otimoquixti, ca otcpaltziiuo timotlacatili.ca tinti u
from someone. ibou art defended from some- ca timaoaio in tntrcujoan in tcchuun avilitivi r
that thou wen born by someone's grace; that lutin, in ilattKjuc, in ir nachca onnuKnanjltit u a
thou art the spine. the thorn, at our lords who went ixjuipuco in prtl.itl, in jcpalli: auh in oqujteiot q
Waving us. tlx- lords, the mien who already have oquitiuhcaiotico in pillotl.
gone to rrwdr beyond those who came giurthng the
malnv ami who iame giving fame, who came giving
rmtiwn to nohibty.
'Heat this F specially do I deviate unto thee that Xiccaqu), tla 9a cenca njmjtzmclavili ca tipill
feu Ait i mWrmxnuiii l! thou u t r t only to esteem ^un xunotta f nla s otli, y, in tic icut/.mtli, tu i
A* a pctVKwi prnun! - Thx\ even though vitl, titeuxivitl, tipitzaloc, timamaiicac, tcziotl.
*rt a «wuiiv ] % j u Aft a previous grren stone,
pallotl, tivitziotl, taoaiocl, tketzon, titcizti, t
art A P R T M O U I curquaur, Thou wrrt cast, thou
cucuhca, utetlapanca: auh injc axcan njmjtr 4
t prrf V t f d 1 V * 1 A f t Wood, thou A l t Color, thou
cujx ccnca aia ticmocaqujtia cujx nelli mach : .
* » f w , thou Art A thorn. Thou Aft one's hair,
tapalcatl ucololoa, cujx tlalli ixco tica, ca ic que
I 'u tmud. one I chip, one'i ikke And so now
I tzin timotlacaqujtia, timotlachialtia: ma fan m
t to !hr* v W thuu p m J u n c e not yet take 1
vian tonmj^olo, ma ytla ic tiqujnmopinauhtil
k^? D « Il t pUe up earth, poc-
totctujoan in letecutin, in tlatocjue, in tcchmcKU'
* * * * R * * * « the surface of the
[M a child |> •! j . .a. I 1 1 V I : r n a ^nuceoalti, m a limomaceoalqujxti:
ft* ilfcady chou heareit a
& M*
4. rtjj * * *
t * tu
po'que , i I ant j no J f i t f mundo. e> ^ ^ *
 little, thou beholdest a little. 9 D o not, just of thv
o W n accord, bring dishonor upon thyself. Do not in

something cause embarrassment to our lords the

lords, the rulers who have gone leaving us. Do not
be a commoner; do not lower thyself.
"Thus art thou to conduct thyself on earth among
others, for verily thou art a little woman. Here is thy yvin in timonemjtiz in dalticpac, in tetloc, in tena-
task which thou art to do: be devout night and day oac, ca nel dcioatzintli. Izcatquj in motequjuh in
Sigh many times unto the night, the wind. Plead ticchioaz: in ceiooal, in cemjlvitl xitlateumad, mjiec-
with, speak to, cry out to him, stretch out thine arms pa ivictzinco xelcicivi in iooalli, in ehecatl: xictlaitla-
to him, especially at thy reclining place, at thy sleep- njli, xicnotza, xictzatzili, ivictzinco xima^oa: oc
ing place. D o not practise the pleasure of sleep; cenca in movetzian, in mocochian, ma ca velic cochiz-
awake and arise promptly; awake with a start, at the tli xicchiuhto, xi^ateoa, ximocujduetzi in iooalli xeli-
parting of the night; support thyself on thy elbows, vi, momolicpi, motetepon, ic xitlac£a, ximeuhdquj$a:
thy knees; arise promptly, make thy bow, incline thy motolol momalcoch xicchioa, xicnotza, xictzatzili in
head. Speak to, cry out to the master, our lord, to tlacatl, in totecujo: in iehoatzin in iooalli, in ehecad,
him of the night, the wind, for he rejoiceth to hear ca mahavildtzinoa in iooaldca mjtzcaqujz: auh
vncan mjtzicnoittaz, vncan mjtzmacaz in tlein mol-
thee by night, and then he will show compassion to
hvil momaceoal.
thee, he will give thee that which is thy desert, thy
merit.
"And thy desert, thy merit, which thou wert given Auh intlaca qualli, molhvil, momaceoal in iooaian
in the beginning, with which thou wert arrayed, into timacoc, injc tapanoc, in jpan tijol, in jpan titlacat:
which thou earnest to life, into which thou wert vncan qualdaz, iectiaz, qujmocuepiliz in tlacatl, iin
born: if it was not good, at this time it will be made totecujo, in tloque, naoaque:
good, it will be made favorable. T h e master, our
lord, the lord of the near, of the nigh, will change it.'
"And at night hold vigil, arise promptly, extend auh iooalli xiqujtzto, ximeuhtiquj^a, xima^ouh-
thy arms promptly, quickly leave [thy bed] soft, teoa, xipopoxiuhteoa, ximjxamj, ximomatequj, xirao-
wash thy face, wash thy hands, wash thy mouth. camapaca, xiccujtivetzi in ochpanoaztli in ochpanalli,
Seize the broom: be diligent with the sweeping; be itlan xaquj: maca xiiamanjxto, maca xitotonjxto,
not tepid, be not lukewarm. Wash the mouths [of xitecamapaca: oc cenca iehoatl in tlenamacdi, ma
the gods]; especially do not neglect the offering ot dcxiccauh, ca ic tlaitlanjlilo in totecujo, ca idaocul-
incense, for thus is our lord petitioned; it is the means nonotzaloca.
by which his mercy is requested.
Auh in ie iuhquj, in odmocencauh: ca tlein ticchi-
"And when it is so, when thou hast made prepara-
oaz, ca tlein toconcujtivetziz mocioatequjuh: cujx
tions, what wilt thou do? W h a t wilt thou s e i z e u p o n
ie in atl, in metlad, cujx ie in malacatl, in tzotzopaz-
as thy womanly labors? Is it perhaps the drink,
tli: vel xiqujtta in atl, in tlaqualli, in quenjn iecavi,
grinding stone? Is it perhaps the spindle whori^ne in quenjn muchioa, in quenjn iectia: quenamj in
weaving stick? Look well to the drink, to the rooo. qualli atl, in qualli tlaqualli, quenamj in mjtoa teto-
how it is prepared, how it is made, how i nal: inin ie iehoatl in jmaxca, in jntech pouhquj in
improved; the art of good drink, the art S totecujoan, in tlatoque, injc mjto moteneuh, tetonal,
food, which is called one's birthright 1 his tlatoca tlaqualli, tlatoca ad, tecpillaqualli, mjmad
property o f - i t belongeth t o - t h e lords, tne
andas amontonado" /„ it
la nrrra V trm***—»" con
- yfl „ 0 andas " err a, y burlando las

y haz.endo penjlencia, como esta ca n be ' P P ^ f . l l ] ^ • 1(,ni„ng of the

translated as " m the beg.nn.ng"; that ^ ^ " c s U . '
*n aiamo tona, in aiamo flat hut p^k VII»
( * Anderson and Dibble. Florentine Coa > ^
 Thus it is called, it is named, ones birthright, the
food of rulers, the drink of rulers, the food of noble-
men, the choice drink, the choice food.8 Look with
diligence, open well thine eyes, apply thyself well to
how it is done, for thus thou wilt live and thus thou
wilt acquire things, and thus thou wilt be loved,
even if it is doubtful, undetermined where our lord
assigneth thee.
"If perhaps already the misery of the nobility
dominateth, look well, apply thyself well to the
really womanly task, the spindle whorl, the weaving
stick. Open thine eyes well as to how to be an artisan,
how to be a feather worker; the manner of making
designs by embroidering; how to judge colors; how
to apply colors [to please] thy sisters, thy ladies, our
honored ones, the noblewomen.9 Look with dili-
gence; apply thyself well as to how heddles are pro-
vided ; how leashes are provided, how the template is
placed. Take care not to fail to know, not to lose
through neglect, not to lose through carelessness.
"Now is the opportune time, and it is yet a good
time. Thy heart is yet a precious green stone, yet a
precious turquoise. It is still keen; nothing defileth it;
it is still untouched, nowhere twisted, still virgin,
pure, undefiled.
"And we are still here, we who have had great
regard for thee. Wilt thou perchance say, thou who
art our child, 'I make myself, I form myself'? It
was our affair; we have suffered for thee; but thus
the world endureth. Was it perhaps so ordained?
For our lord declared, determined the propagation,
the multiplication [of man] on earth.10
44We are still here; it is still our time. The club,
the rock of our lord fall not yet. And not yet do we
die, not yet do we perish. Take heed, O my youngest,
O dove, O little one.
"When our lord hath hidden us, thou wilt live by
the grace of others. The herbs, the wood, the strands
of chili, the cakes of salt, the nitrous soil are not thy
desert, not thy gift, [nor] art thou to frequent
another's entrance, because thou art a noblewoman.
Pay good attention to the spindle whorl, the weaving
stick, the drink, the food.
8. Corresponding Spanish text* " dcttrendc m k'
'»'«.. ">;:: iz,~- »- -
' y
96
ad, mjraati daqualli: vel x o m m j x t i , vel
iana, vel xommopacho, in quenjn chioalo: " J f
nemjdz, auh ca ic timotlalpializ. Auh ic
intla ? a nen haneiocol, cana m j t z m o p c m h totecujo.
• • ^ r n i l l o t l : auh ie iehoatl vel
x f v c , i c « i n
^ r xonmixtzaiana, quenin
laratl
lacati, in ^
t z o t z o p
F a z d i : vei
t ; quenjn \ tlatlamachicu
^ )-li
Ttlaquja'
tlad
mo'pitzitzioan, in motccujiotzitzioan, in totecujiooan,
T d v a p f p i l t i : quenjn nexiiotilo, quenjn ncquatz.
malo, quenjn n e o c t a c a t i l o , vel xonmjxti vel xoruno
pacho ma timonenma, ma timonencauh: auh ma
timoxiccauh,
axcanpa qualcan: auh oc qualcan, ca oc chalchi-
vitl, ca oc teuxivitl in moiollo, ca oc itzdca, caiatle
qujtlacoa, ca oc qujztica, ca aiacanpa itzcalivi, caoc
motqujtica, ca oc macitica, aiatle neneliuhquj.
Auh ioan oc toncate in tehoantin in mache otimjtz-
veipouhque: cujx ticmjtalhvia in titoconetzin ma
njnochioa, ma njtlacati: ca tehoantin totladacul, ca
tehoantin otimjtztolinjque; ca tel yc daman jn tlal-
ticpac, cujx iujtolo: ca oqujmjtalhvi, ca oqujmotla-
11 lx in totecujo, in nexinacholoz, in nedapiviloz tlal-
ticpac:
oc toncate, oc tomatian, oc ic aia oalvetzi in jquauh-
tzin, in jtetzin totecujo: auh aiamo tonmjquj, aiamo
tonpolivi, cenca tie ticmomachitia noxocoiove, coco-
tze, tepitzintle.
In otechtlad totecujo: ic tepaltzinco timonemjtiz,
ca amo molhvil, ca a m o monemac in qujlid, in qua-
vid, in chilfolotl, in iztatapalcatl, in tequjxqujtlal-
tzin tequjaoatlan ticquequetzaz ca tipilli, ie vel xon-
mjxti, yn, in malacatl, in tzotzopazdi, in ad, in tl*
qualli.
muSer, para hazcr multiplicacion, y gcncracion...
 "Perhaps there will happen that which is
Sorneon S
n

livable that which is not expressible. Iz

select thee, will speak for thee. If [thou a r t i T, roapilhviz m o t « h l '^ ^ 8 - a c a ^
, anything, how will it beP I t amo ic tioahjonotlal ' mt,acadc quen nend?
reason be thrown in our faces. And if our lord h^K totecujo, a m o T l ? q U C : ^ i n U a ^ech^otlatili
hidden us, there will be no murmuring against us damp c C a i ^ n
P Ut2 u C0ra0nj,0Z ^ UC ' a m o
A

therefor in our absence; we will not be chid^n amo ted ^mohnjhz, ticmoHnM ^ m tchoatl: ^quavitl,
motlan ticmjquanjliz:
therefor in the land of the dead. And thou wilt not
move, thou wilt not separate condemnation from
thyself.
"But if already thou payest attention to the same
wherefrom cometh the reprehension ? T o a purpos^ auh inda ,e vei xonmjxd, no vncan, o, can vitz
thou wilt glorify thyself by one's grace, thou wilt teaujztli amo cenca nen tepaltzinco dmoridmalodez,
esteem thyself, thou wilt be proud. It is as if thou timjxpatlauhtiez, tahadamatdez: iuhqujnma quap-
wert to be of the order of eagles, of the order of petlapan, ocelopedapan dez, vcl dcmamandcz in
mochimal, aceh in ma ixqujch teveveli in momac
ocelots. Well art thou to assume thy shield; 11 may
manjz:
possibly all the little shields rest in thy hand.'
"Also there, because of thee we will raise up our
no vncan o, mopaltzinco rioaltotzontcconacocujz-
heads; thou wilt render us honor. But if thou dost que, dtechjxpadaoaz: auh ie da cade vei dcchioa, ach
nothing well, perhaps it will not be said of thee that atitetemjd, a ie te in mjtoa, aiachca timaldz: auh
thou art without lice. Seldom wilt thou bathe." And tla 5a quen mjtznequjlia in totecujo, in jpan jn ontla-
which of the two ways will our lord wish for thee ? mantli.
"Especially note that which I say to thee, that Oc cenca: izcatquj ic njmjtznotza, ic njmjtztza-
which I cry out to thee. T h o u art my creation, thou tzilia in dnodacachioal, in dnopiltzin: ma cenca de
art my child. T a k e special care that thou not dis- demati, ma dqujmavilqujxti in totecujoan, in jn-
honor our lords from whom thou art descended. techpa draoqujxd, ma teuhtli, tla^ulli ipan ticpixo in
Cast not dust, filth upon their memory. May thou jntlillo, in jntlapallo, in pillotl ma itla ic ticavilqujxti:
not dishonor the nobility with something.
"May thou not covet carnal things. May thou not ma fan cuel tondaelevi in dalticpac, ma $an cuel
wish for experience, as it is said, in the excrement, in tondamadznec, in mjtoa, in cujtlatitlan, in da^uld-
Ae refuse. And if truly thou art to change thyself, tlan. Auh tla nel dmocuepaz: cujx dteutiz, ma ic
wilt thou become as a goddess ? May thou not have timjciuhcapolo, oc moiolic, oc cenca moiolic, vei
quickly destroyed thyself. Yet calmly, with special ximoquetza:
care, present thyself well.
intla iuh motlamachitiz totecujo, intla aca, iuh quj-
"If it so please our lord, if someone so will demand
mjtalhviz, motech tlatoz: ma dcdatlaz, ma tiexopeuh
will speak for thee, thou art not to reject, to kick in jhiiotzin totecujo: xicmacuj amo timocujliz: amo
away the spirit of our lord. T a k e him. Thou art not ontlacxioaz: amo hetlacxioaz, amo timocujcujlitiez:
to refuse; thou art not to retreat twice, not to retreat
•^"ice; thou art not to resist. in ma£0 tehoanrin in tipilhoaque, auh in maSo
"Although we are the parents, and although thou tepaltzinco timodacadli: amo ucpopouhdez ucma-
a r t born of goodly parents, thou art not to over- iolitlacalviz in totecujo, ic mjtzmotlaz m tcuhth, in
e «eem it; thou wilt offend our lord. For that he w11 tlafulli in avilnemjliziotl: $an no iehoatl moqucque-
Pelt thee with dust, refuse, debauchery; [and J tni loz, monenequjz:
^ e one will delude, will be capricious. • ,,.uujt„s en los estrados de los que por
y " estimar** «"V'^Z Z ^ ^appctlapan. actio-
razō seras loot*, > "onrr^ J f ^ ^ Z I Z Z * * *
hazaūas en ,a guerra, merecierō hōrra: presumr" ... Jc haser, malt rat arte ā, apalcartc
maltratarte an, y por ti se
Petla p see Chap. 43.
1
J
dlra con dificultad, te labaras, o que no
—•--ssJv.'S* -
2. Corresponding Spanish text: *'y " ^ ' " f ^ Z m p o .
que tendras
P** -~ *
97

"Do not trade, do not deal as if in the market
place. And do not, as in the summertime, go select-
ing the best.13 Do not languish from desire. Howso-
ever he may be — perhaps truly upstanding or per-
haps only in any manner — do not reject the one sent
of our lord. If thou dost not consent thou wilt be
ridiculed, for truly he deludeth, he will turn thee
into a harlot.
"But meanwhile present thyself well, look well to
thine enemy that no one will mock thee. Give thy-
self not to the wanderer, to the restless one who is
given to pleasure, to the evil youth. Nor are two,
three to know thy face, thy head. When thou hast
seen the one who, together with thee, will endure to
the end, do not abandon him. Seize him, hang on to
him even though he be a poor person, even though
he be a poor eagle warrior, a poor ocelot warrior,
even though he be a poor warrior, or a poor son, or
one who struggleth for existence. Do not detest him
therefor. Our lord, the wise one, the maker, the
creator, will dispose for you, will array you.
"This is all I give thee of my word to comply with
my duty unto, before our lord. Perhaps somewhere
thou wilt reject it. Thou knowest it. Meanwhile,
I do my duty. O my daughter, O my child, O dove,
O little one, pay close heed. May our lord rest thee
in peace."
13. Corresponding Spanish text: "mjra que no escoias entre hombres,
tianqttez o mercado....'
98
in ma S an tianquj*», ma tidapart, ^ «Utcn^
«uh in ma can xopan, ma tunotiauat.* ,
" f i h quenamjcatzintli in at vel ihicac, in
6blC n l n quenamjcatzintli: ma demaxopeuh, ma
£ Ulaioaltzin in totecujo: intlaca xooa moca
iehoatl, ca ^ m o q u c q u c l o Q > mjtzonavianjcue-
onxnavntiz,
paz.
, . ! ximoquetza, vel xiqujtta in moiaouh,
Auh icce i l t i z : a m o ticmomacaz in anenquj,
amo ac moca roahaviltia) m telpuchtlaveliloc: amo-
in qujqujqa, in mocpac matiz: in otiqujttac yn
no ome, ey, ) a ^ o n e o a n an mopopolivitzque: m a
aqujn ' : i t e c h ximopilo, ma nel icnotla-
ticcauh x i C ^ O a u h t l i j i c n o o c e l u t l , ma nel icno
cad, ma M l i c n 0 tepiltzin, in aqo ie tlaciauj, m a
tiacauh in ano^ a m e c h m j m a c h i l i z , amechmochklu.
viliz^in wtecujo, in tehimatinj, in teiocoianj, in techi-
chioanj.
o yxqujch in in njmjtzonmaca, in noten, in notla-
tol- I n j c ivictzinco, ixpantzinco njnoqujxtia in tote-
aco cana tocondatlaqaz, ca ie tehoad ticman:
icce 'ca nonequjxtil njcchioa. O nochpuchtze, nopil-
tze cocotze, tepitze, tie ticmatcatzmdi, ma mjtzmo
tlamatcatlalili in totecujo.
iti
el que mejor te parece, como hazen los que "J - v ^
 Nineteenth Chapter. Here it is told how, when
the father had spoken, the mother then replied And Ic caxtolh onnavi capitulo, vncan mjtoa, in que-
with very tender words she told her daughter to njn iquac oondato teta: njman iehoatl tlananquj-
guard well, to place well within her, the words of her Uaia. intenantzin: auh cenca iamancatlatoltica qujl-
father; to consider them as precious, as costly. And viaia in jmjchpuch, injc vel qujpiaz, injc vel ijtic
she told her how to live well, how to present herself qujtlaliz, in jtlatol in jtatzin: vclla?otli necujltonolli
how to speak, how to look at one, how to walk, and ipan qujmatiz. Auh qujlviaia in quenjn vel ncmjz,
how not to interfere in another's life, and how not to in quenjn moquetzaz, in quenjn datoz, in quenjn
abuse another. T h i s discourse especially should be teittaz, in quenjn nenemjz: auh in quenjn amo quj-
memorized, if it is to be used for instruction, for it mocujtlaviz in tenemjliz: ioan in quenjn amo tcchi-
is a very good discourse; but that which is not neces- coitoz. Injn datolli oc cenca vel neiollotilotilozquja,
inda ic temachtilonj, ca cenca qualli in datolli: tel
sary is to be changed. It is especially useful for the
mocuecuepaz, in tlein amo moncquj: cenca intech
youths, for the maidens.
monequj in telpupuchti, in jchpupuchti.

" 0 dove, little one, child, my daughter, thou hast Hotzin cocotzin, tepitzin, conetzin, nochpuchtz in:
taken, thou hast grasped the spirit of thy child,1 the ca otoconmocujli, ca otoconmanjli yn ihijotzin in in
master, thy lord. T h o u hast taken the incomparable, moconetzin. in dacatl in motecujotzin: otoconcujc
the ungivable, which lieth inert, which lieth folded in anemjuhquj, in atemaconj, yn jxillantzinco, in
on his lap, in his breast. 2 But thou art not mistaken jtozcadantzinco cepoatoc, cuelpachiuhtoc: ca tel amo
for another, for thou art the blood, the color, the mjtzmodanevilia, ca dezio, ca ddapallo, ca tineixima-
reflection of the master. Although thou art a woman, chiliz in tlacad: ma^o ticioatzintli, ca tixiptla.
thou art his image.
"And of this, what more shall I say ? What more Auh injn dein oc njqujtoz, tlein oc njmjtzilhviz:
shall I tell thee ? In what manner shall I yet offer to quen oc mach ie amj in njmjtzmacaz, ca oontlatlatlan
thee ? For his words are ended; for he hath every- yn jdatoltzin, ca onovian mjtzonmonemjtili, ca ono
where caused thee to live well, for he hath every- vian mjtzonmahaxitili, caocde oqujmocavitzino.
where brought things to thee. Nothing hath he left
out.
Auh injn, ?an jxqujch noconjtoa, noncqujxul njc-
"And I say only this; I do my obligation. Nowhere
chioa- ma cana toconmotlatlaxilili in jhijotzin, in
reject the spirit, the words of thy lord, for they are
jdatoltzin motecujotzin: ca da9otli ca maviztic: ca
Precious, wonderful; for only as precious things do
can tla$oqujSa in jmjhijo, in jntlatol totecujoan: ca
the spirit, the words of our lords come forth, f o r
nel noco datocatlatolli, ca iuhqu,n chalchmd, ca
Aey are the words of rulers; for they are considered iuhqujn teuxivid ololivic, in acaric ipan momau:
a s precious green stones, as round, r e e d - l i k e preci

^rquoises. , . ort viccui xicmopialti, moiollo itech x i c d a l i moiollo

l t c ch"qujcuilo
P inda t i n e a * lehoad ic ndacazcal-
. "Take them, guard them, place them by thy heart,
s c r i b e them on thy heart. If thou art to live,
, W forms of address in I ^ n h a r d Schuhzc
- . . somewhl , clarified by an Am.nkas aufgereichnet in den
. - t h e r as moconctnn « »me-,|cnvvcrk e zur a l « n G « e h « h t t « mex,cana,
. - T h e father is m e a n t . hther
R e f e r e n c e to t h e « ^ g , , Quellenwe pp ^ Caroch., ^
Gliederung des alt-attache» \'oik' ut: W. Kohlhammer V e r » » a ...
der Eingeborenen V ? e d . Gerdt Kutscher ( j j g ^ . ^ leuantan mucHo r ^ ^ ^ ^ ,„ ^ d o de las
P- 40R. notes that "La/ mugeres no rsan desta e. cn el V ^ ^ y ^ ra,am,„,c se da

t „ } ' t ; o^r rr «e sppoonnddiinn gg Spanish

Spanish text:
—- °VJo las „ P"'" "
r«n
us, y corafon en que estauan alhesoradas.
99

them thou wilt instruct, thou wilt indoctrinate [thy]
children. Thou wilt give them to others; thou wilt
tell them to others.
"And behold a second word which I give thee,
which I say to thee, my child, little one. Look to me,
for I am thy mother. I carried thee for so many
months. And when they were ended I was lulling
[thee] to sleep. I was laying thee in the cradle; I
was placing thee on my thigh. And certainly with
my milk I gave thee strength.
"Thus I say this, for we are thy mothers, we are
thy fathers who speak to thee, who cry out to thee.
Take our words; grasp them, guard them. In order
that thou wilt live prudently, thou art not to clothe
thyself [excessively]. Thou art not to place on thy-
self finely worked clothing, replete with design, for
it achieveth gaudiness. Nor art thou to take rags;
thou art not to place on thyself the goods, the prop-
erty of the vassals, for it achieveth ridicule. In mod-
eration art thou to clothe thyself, not in gaudiness, in
vanity.
"And thy speech is not to come forth hurriedly.
As thou art to speak, thou art not to be brutish, not
to rush, not to disquiet. Thy speech is to come forth
in tranquility and with gentleness. Thou art not to
lift up nor to lower much [thy voice]. As thou art
to speak, as thou art to address one, as thou art to
greet one, thou art not to squeak. Thou art not to
murmur. Straight forward is thy speech to come
forth; in medium voice is it to come forth; nor art
thou to make it fanciful.
"And when thou art to travel [do it] also pru-
dently. Thou art not to travel in great haste, nor art
thou to arable; for [to amble] achieveth pompous-
ness; [haste] meaneth restlessness. Thou art to go
deliberately; thou art only to move thy feet along
the road. But when thou findest it necessary, go
swiftly use discretion. Jump at thy jumping place in
order that thou wilt not become a fat one, an inflated
one.
"And as thou art to go, as thou art to travel the
road, as thou art to come upon the road, thou art not
to bow thy head, nor art thou to raise thy head in
pride; it meaneth ill-breeding. T h o u art to go
straight forward. Also, thou art not to act shame-
fully, nor to cover thy mouth. In no way art thou to
stare, nor to appear like a firefly. Travel with utmost
tranquility. And go, follow the road, with utmost
tranquility.
100
tiz, ic tidacaoapaoaz, tictemacaz, ticteilhviz.
Auh izcatquj ic oncamatl, njmjtzmaca, njmjtzilvia
n o c o n e t z i n , tepitzin: xincchkta ca nchoatl in njracv
^ in onjmjtzitqujc in quezquj m e t z t l i : a u h m
«Atlan nicochiaiaticatca, in onjmjtzcoco^oltecac, in
onomctzpan njmjtztladaliticatca: auh in qucmcca
naioiodca onjmjtznotetzavili:
; c niquitoa, yn, ca timonanoan, ca timotaoan in
rimitznotza, in dmjtztzatzilia: ma xiccuj, ma xicana
rndatol ma xicmopialti. Injc timonemjtiz, ^
m l u i ' a m o motech dedaliz: amo motech tictla-
d ^ i n d a - c h i o , in m ~ a damachtli, ca topallotl
Ic amo no ie motzotzotzoma ticcujz, amo motech
L i z in cujdapilli, in adapalli, in jaxcatzin, m
klatqujtzin, ca tlaquequelolizdi caci, j a n ipan qualli
in motech dedaliz: amo ie in topallod, in xancaiod.
Auh in modatol: a m o yciuhca quj^az, amo timj-
toniz amo timjcilviz, amo timamanaz injc titlatoz:
can moiolic, auh 9 a n yiolic q u j ^ in modatol: amo
ticacocujz, amono cenca ticdalchida 9 az: amo dp,
pitzcaz injc titlatoz, injc dtenotzaz, injc Utedapaloz:
amo dqujqujndatoz, $an vel melaoac quj^az in motla-
tol danepanda qujgaz, a m o no Qcdadamachiz.
A u h in monenemjliz iez: $an no nematquj: amo
cenca ticxitotocaz, a m o no cenca $an tiiaiadaz: a
daquecinolizdi caci, ca cuecuetziod qujtoznequj:
$an ijolic in daz, $an oiaucaz in mocxi: auh ma no
iecen ticcuj, in jmonecian xitzitzicujcadnemj, ximfr
cacaquj, hamocholoaian, in xicholo: injc amo tea-
capul, tixocotexpul dmocuepaz.
A u h injc tiaz, injc totlatocaz, injc vtli ticnamjq^
amo titoloz, a m o no taquetzaz: ca anezca ^ ^
qujtoznequj: ^an vel titlamelauhcaicadaz, am ^
tipipinaoaz, a m o n o timotetenqujmjloz,
titladachiaz, a m o no tixoxodamatiz: c e n c a ^ ^
in xinenemj, auh cenca moiolic in xiauh. w v
 «And next behold, in truth thou art of the nobilitv
A s thou art to go, thou art not to look here and there

n 0 t to look from side to side, not constandy to look' ^ t o a v i S Ca n d titCC»:

upward, nor art thou to be a hypocrite. 8 Nor a n thou amo i Gtlac^f' tinanacaztlachiaz,
to put hatred in thine eyes; thou art not to put hatred xochton P * U d a t l a c h i « . amo no ic titolS

in thy face. Look joyously at everyone. And also Z o Z ; a m ° n ° tic^avellaliz in mjxtclolo:

that no one will have occasion to despise thee put
anger in the spirit at the proper time. And behold
never concern thyself with words; let what is said
be said. Do not speak with others; pretend that thou
dost not hear it. W i t h thee will the words end.
"And never long for, never desire the color, the
cosmetics, the darkening of the teeth," the coloring of
the teeth, the coloring of the mouth; for they denote
perverseness, they mean drunkenness. That is the
property of the resdess ones, the dissolute ones, the
evil women; that is the domain of those who have
become drunk, those who have wasted the earth;
that is the work of those who go drinking, who go
eating jimson weed; that is the way of life of those
who go drinking crude pulque. These are the ones
called harlots.
"But in order that thy helpmate will not hate thee,
pay attention to thyself, bathe thyself, wash thyself,
but only when necessary, lest it were to be said of
thee, lest thou wert to be called Tepepetzton, 6 Tine-
machxoch.9
"Behold the road thou art to follow. In such a
manner thou art to live. T h y lords, our lords, the
noble women, the old women, the white-haired ones,
the white-headed ones reared us in such a manner as
this. Did they perhaps leave so very much ? For they
gave one, they left, they said only a word; few were
their words. T a k e heed. O n earth it is a time for
«re, it is a place for caution. Behold the word; heed
and guard it, and with it take your way of life, your
works. On earth we live, we travel along a moun-
tain peak. Over here there is an abyss, over there is
a n abyss. If thou goest over here, or if thou goest
Stta I T — ? mOXaiaC' m U c h i tlacatl - P -
Lcdave m n ° u C h 1C 3 i a C m 0 x i c t i z ' jmonecian
] m , h i j 0 t L A u h ^ l o a n > ™ ica timo
tUtolcujcujtlavi, ma ic itolon, tlcin itolo: maca
tenoan xondato, maca no xicmocaccanenequj: te
motech ontzopiz in datolli.
Auh ma ica tiquclevi, ma ica dcncc in dapalli, in
nechichioalli, in damjaoalli, in ncdantlapalvilizdi, in
necamadapalvilizdi: ca anencaiotl qujnczcaiotia, ca
yvintiliztli qujtozncquj: hanenque, cuecuehti, cioa-
davcliloque indatquj o: oyvintique, oqujpoloquc
dalli imaxca o: mjxid, dapad qujdncraj, qujquad-
nemj ynteq'uh o: xoxouhcaocdi qujtincmj inncmjliz
o: in mjtoa avianjme.
Auh injc amo mjtzihiiaz in motlavical: ximocen-
mati, ximald, ximopapaca: ga tel iquac in monequj,
injc amo tilhviloz, titocaiotiloz tapepetzton, tine-
machxoch.
O izcatquj in vtli tictocaz, ivin tinemjz, y: ivijn yn
otechmozcaltilidaque, in motecujiotzitzioan, in tote-
cujoan in cioapipild, in jlamatlaca in tzonjztaque, in
quaiztaque: cujx cenca ixqujch qujeaoaia in, ca ?an
cencamatl in qujtemacaia, in qujeaoaia, in qujtoaia ca
can ie ixqujch intlatol. Xiccaqujca: nemachpan,
nemachiocan in daldcpac: izca datolli xiccaqujca,
auh xicpiaca: auh itech xicanaca in amonemjliz, in
amotlachioal. Tlachichiqujlco in dvi, in tinem, dal-
ticpac, njpa centlanj, njpa centlanj: inda n, P a xiauh,
inda noce njpa xiauh, vmpa tonvetziz: ? an dane-
pantla in viloa, in nemoa.

°ver there, thou wilt fall in. Only in the m i d d l e

T • i-larnlli nochpuchtzin, cocotzin, tepitzin: vel
doth one go, doth one live.' ...
"Place this word, my daughter, dove, htde one, S^ o S ^ c § * vei xicpia, - d ^ o h :
*ell within the chambers of thy heart. Guard it w •
, hi Hi. SihagJn. Garibay «)., Vol. IV, p.

. 'itoloxochton: "'Tiene opto, floM fr. ^ J , ^ ^ c i ' X ^ ^ 0 '''

tlarnjaoalli: cf. Dibble and Anderson, Florentine sahagun. Gar.bay «...

5" Tapepetzton: « T a p e p e t . c n . - F r . pro*. ... p. 358.
lM.,
6 T , L Fr vbl 'Eres un rarrnto
Tinemachxoch: "Tinemaxoch. — Fr. vot- j Q1
 ca iehoatl moqouh motlavil m . . •
Do not forget it; for it will become thy torch, thy cavitl timonemjtiz tialticpac ^1032' 111 )*qujch
light, all the time thou art to live on earth. Izca. oc centlamantli ic n
"Behold yet another thing with which I end my tol: intla timonemjtiz' i m b ^ 0 " ^ * 6 3 «" notla-
words. If thou art to live, if thou art to continue a
ma nen cana ic tienjuhti in m o n a c a l * ^ ^
little on earth, do not anywhere be friendly by means conetzin, cocotzin, t e p l t 2 i n , Z Z T l ^ T ^
of thy body, my youngest one, child, dove, little one. maca: tunote-
Do not anywhere give thyself wantonly to another. intlaca oc tiiecdi, intla ie ticihoatl cana xiH
"If still thou hast not been good, if already thou art aic m a n tiez in tepaltzinco: ca muchioa HI 04
a woman [and] somewhere thou hast been asked for, liloz, muchipa monetolinjliz, m o t l a i h i j o v ^ 0 *
never wilt thou be at peace with another, for it will oaz: aic m a n , aic tlacaco ticchioaz m u c W
always be remembered of thee; it will always cause thmatiz in motlavical, in monamjc:' Co "
thy misery, thy torment. Never wilt thou achieve
peace, never tranquility. Thy helpmate, thy husband,
will always suspect. • noxocoiouh, cocotzin intla tinemjz tlalticpac:
"My youngest one, dove, if thou art to live on noxoc •
m an ) vme oqu c f t t u j ^
mocpac m a : auhnjzcavel
motepitznaoatil. Intla k
earth, do not know two men. And heed it well,
guard it well as thy stern commandment: if some- xiccaquj, ve u ^oetztlca: m a nen itla mjtk
where thou art dependent upon one, see to it that cana tepauz. ^ ticiocux: m a oc ticahavil-
thou do not presume in something, see to it that thou tiqujto, m a n^
u m a oc n e n canapa itzcaliuh: ma
be not haughty. Let thyself not have allowed thy laCaneCKin
m rQueman ica timoquavitec in motlavical,
heart the evil of directing itself elsewhere. Never at
Sn monamjc- ma nen ica, ma nen queman ipan tb,
any time abuse thy helpmate, thy husband. Never
S j u h mjtoa datolli: m a u c t l a x m .
at any time, never ever betray him; as the saying is
said, do not commit adultery.7
Tain noxocoiouh, nochpuchtzm icentlanca icenon-
"This, my youngest, my daughter, is the endless,
auizca in tlalticpac: aoc tie ycuepca, aoc tie ipao:
the bottomless [pit] on earth; there is no more a
return, there is no more a cure. If it becometh dis- ?nda tittoz, intla nmachoz, ca vthca uvetztoz, ca
covered of thee, if it becometh known of thee, thou vtlica tivikntoz, vdica dquatetzotzonaloz, tiquatepi-
wilt be cast on the road, thou wilt be dragged on the pitzinjloz: mjtoa, ted d a e c o z , tmvdanoz: moca
road, thy head will be crushed with a stone, thy head mavizdi vetziz, moca nemauhtiloz:
will be fractured. It is said thou wilt test the stone;
thou wilt be dragged. Because of thee fear will fall,
because of thee there will be fear.
"And then thou wilt provide them a glory, thou auh n j m a n ie tiqujnteiotiz, tiqujmjtauhcaiotiz, in
wilt provide them a renown! 8 —Thou wilt go dis- quatla tiqujmantinemjz, in totecujoan in tetccutin,
honoring our lords, the lords, the rulers by whom in tlatoque, in jnpaltzinco timotlacatili, in jnteckopa
thou art of noble birth, through whom thou art timoqujxti: teuhtli, tla^ulli ipan t i c p i x o z in jndillo,
descended. Thou wilt cast dust, refuse upon their
yn jntlapallo, tiqujmavilqujxtiz vncan onpopob-
memory Thou wilt disgrace them. There, memory
in motlillo, in motlapallo aocmo tinecujtiloz: mops
of thee will perish. No more wilt thou be recograzed
mjtoz, titeneoaloz titocaiotiloz: T e u h t i t l a n tactoc.
Of thee it will be said, thou wilt be called
be named: Thou who liest in the d u s t ' '

A u h x i c c a q u j : intlacanel ac mjtzitta, intlaca^'

ltta motlavical, in m o n a m j c : xiccaquj ca m j t ^
tloque, n a o a q u e : iehoatl moqualanaltiz,
•^..w^uuiiig Spanish
7- Corresponding Spanish text- "mWn
conununication f r o m the ,ate Mens'. G a r i ^ A p ^ o " * " » > *> « lugt
g ar le hagas traycion, que se llama
- AC"**
The context and and rh^ _
the corrrsnnn^- n. ' p r ' 1 > 060 ,' expands
1 9 6
expands unon tU, " "u&as "ty™". que se llamc adult"*0'
. «Iiv-aiimg ol
* Corresponding Spanish * - ^ °f ipūn in * * C0nnCCt10*-
text: text suggest that this phrase should be in the negative.

" " dtra el reiran: 1"' cnterrada en el poluo. de tus peccados.'

102
N
H
become angered, he will awaken the anger of the
^ m o n folk, he will take vengeance. For thee he
*ill require that which he will desire, perhaps paraly-
51i or blindness, or rottenness. And thou meritest
thy tatters, thy rags; there will come extreme priva-
tion, for verily thou hast abused the common man
[thy husband]. Perhaps then [our lord] will trample
thee underfoot, will hide thee, will send thee to our
common home, the land of the dead.
"And the master, our lord, is a merciful one. [But]
<v if thou hast acted, if thou hast done it, if thou hast
betrayed thy helpmate, and [even] if the lord of the
near, of the nigh, doth not make thee known, no
longer wilt thou be in peace, no longer wilt thou
live in peace. Our lord will inspire the man; he will
just ever be in anger; it will increase. 10
"And this, my youngest one, my daughter, child,
little one: live in calm, in peace on earth, if thou art
to continue for a while. D o not with anything dis-
honor thyself. And do not with anything raise up
the heads of thy lords, the rulers from whom thou art
descended."1 And as for m, may we through thee
gain glory ; may we gain renown.
"Pay heed, my voungesr one, my daughter, little
one. Enter with our lord, the lord of the near, ot
the nigh."
m -y „
ndmg S P * » *
\r>- tl+lUprtn read ,l*l~ey<> Corrapo"""»
™ -0,0 • y fe„a i<
>»• /W ^ no * '
qujmodaqualanjlilk in maceoalli, iehoatzin motzon-
cujtzinoz: mopan qujoalmonequjltiz, in dein quj-
monequjltiz: a $ o cocototztli, a ? o ixpopoiotl, a?o
palanahzdi: auh motzotzoma, motatapa ticmaceoa,
vmpa onqujfaz in tlalticpac: ca nel oica timoquavitec
in maceoalli: anoce njman mjtzonmocxipachilviz,
mjtzonmotlatiliz, mjtzonmjoaliz in tocenchan in
mjcdan.
Auh ca icnooacatzintli, in tlacatl, in totecujo: intla
otax, intla oticchiuh, intla oipan tia motlavical: auh
intlacamo njman mjtzmonextili tloque, naoaque aoc
ic yvian tiez, aoc ic yvian tinemjz: qujiollotiz in tote-
cujo in oqujchtli, 9a quaqualanjz, tlatlaveaz.
Auh injn noxocoiouh, nochpuchtzin, conetzintli,
tepitzin: ma ivian ma iocuxca, tonmonemjtiz in tlal-
ticpac: intla achi ticmotoqujliz: maca tie ic tonmj-
(joloteoaz: auh maca tie ic tiqujmontzonteconacocujz
in motecujoan in tlatoque, in jntechpa timoqujxti:
auh in tehoantin, ma mopaltzinco tontenioazque,
tonjtauhcaioazque:
tie ticmatcatzintli noxocoiouh, nochpuchtzin, tepi-
tzin: ma itlan ximocalaquj in totecujo, in tloque,
naoaque.
- " , -
y ie los I»*' • ''
^tf"»-
AJ
103
 Twentieth Chapter. Here is told the manner of
the discourse of the father, ruler or nobleman, with
which he admonished his son that he should look to
the humble life, to the bowing, to the knowledge of
one's self in order to be pleasing to the gods and to
man. Many are the marvelous discourses, and the
figures of speech, and the different words of the dis-
course.
" 0 my son, O my youth, O boy, O servitor, listen,
for our lord hath placed thee here. And now, to
thee who art my son, who art my child, who art my
precious necklace, who art my precious feather, who
art my oldest, my second, 1 my youngest son, 2 1 speak,
I call out a word or two. Verily, now I form, I say,
I reflect upon the word or two which I shall give thee
of my motherhood, of my fatherhood. I shall per-
form my obligation, lest tomorrow, the next day, our
lord, the lord of the near, of the nigh, will have
hidden us. Certainly no one enjoyeth the hard, the
heavy. Certainly our living on earth is not assured.
"And grasp this, hear this: May thou follow our
lord for a little while. May thou live on earth. May
thou linger long. Give utmost 3 attention. Be delib-
erate. Take much care. Certainly it is a dangerous
Place, a revolting place, a boundless place, a place ot
no repose, a frightful place, and a painful and afflict-
ing place. And it is very true, as our mothers, our
fathers, the old men go saying, that no one escapetn
our ultimate home/ the place of the winds, ot tne
shattering winds,8 [where] reside the wmd peoplc,
flower people. T h e r e is mocking of others on
«rth. There is rejoicing over the rmsfortun ot
others, there is laughing at others, there is ridicule
Chap. 13, and Book vu. — Sun. Moon, and Stars, and
* ^"«Ponding Spanish text: "/« et primero, y el segundo. y el postrcro.
• » r e p e a t in the M S .
»l«o ^ T r n c h a " s u " n m a r y discussions o f Tatnoanchan may be consulted
'' G'""»meh< Abhandlungen, passim.
>'^Jrr P O n d , n * Spanish ttxt. -Von
luc cn clay...."
Ic cempoalli capitulo, vncan mjtoa in tlatolli: in
quenjn tctatzin datoanj, ano^o, pilli, injc qujnono-
tzaia in jpiltzin, injc qujmocujtlaviz in jcnonemjliz-
di, in nepechtecaliztli: ioan in nenomaiximachiliztli,
injc vellamachtilo in teteu, ioan in tlalticpac daca:
mjec in mavi^auhquj tlatolli, ioan in machiodatolli,
ioan in cecencamad tlatolli
Nopiltze, notelpuchtze, xolotze, xoloatze: da xic-
mocaqujti, ca njcan mjtzalmotlalilia in totecujo. Auh
in axcan ca cententica, cencarnauca njmjtznotza,
njmjtztzatzilia, in tinopiltzin, in tinoconeuh, in tino-
cozquj, in tinoquetzal, in tinoteach, in tinodaco-
eoauh, in tinoxocoiouh. Ca in axcan njciocoia, njquj-
toa: a njqujlnamjquj, in njmjtzmacaz, in cententli,
in cencamad in nonāio, in notaio: a nonequjxtil njc-
chioaz, a ma muzda, ma vipda, techtlati in totecujo,
in doque, naoaque: mach aiac daquaoac qujmati,
aiac hetic: mach amo nellin tinemj dalticpac.
Auh injn da xicmocujli, da xicmocaqujti, ma achi
tictoqujli in totecujo, ma dnen in dalticpac, ma 5a
dvecaoa cenca cenca de ticmati, cenca moiolic, cenca
xidachia: mach tetzauhoujea, mach vellailtitlan,
ayviaiocan, hacemellecan temamauhtica, auh teellel-
axitican: auh cenca nel conjtotivi in tonaoan, in tota-
oan in vevetque aiac onqujzca tamooanchan, heca-
dan, hecaxaxandan, hecamecatl, xochimecad onoc,
t e c a mocacaiaoa in daldcpactli: teca papaquj, teca
vevetzcatica, tetennecujlvitica in dalticpac amo de
nelli: auh amo nelli in qujtoa, in qujteneoa, in quj-
teilvia: fan tetennecujlhvitica.
j r h i l d d e p e n d i n g upon the number of children.
iCCOIld o r third child, depenj*J°DibWc: Florentine Coder,
note .top. 51* «aco > of ^ chap . 2 .
p. 71. See
ndbuail I. p. 104. ^ kimno,.
Garibay, Potsia
^ Je las dccendidas. y sub,das deste mSdo. y de los ,urbell.no,
mucha raxon dixcron. no se escapa
105
 earth. And what they say, what they praise, what
they tell one is not true; there is only ridicule.
"Here is what thou art to do, what thou art to
realize: it is that which is guarded, that which is
bound; the secret [knowledge] — that which the
old men, the old women, those who go white-haired,
those who go white-headed, those who go emaciated
with age, our forefathers, left as they departed. For
they came to live on earth; for they came to live with
others. And they came to occupy position and
authority among the people.
"They [practised] the bowing of the head, the
lowering of the head, the bending of the neck, the
weeping, the tears, the sighs. Our forefathers came
to know only their misery when they went leaving
us.0 They came living on earth in sadness, in afflic-
tion; they came not as fools, they came not panting
as they walked, out of breath as they walked. Al-
though they went doing such as that, they were
revered. They came exercising military command;
in their hands rested the eagle tube, the eagle vessel;
they led the eagle warriors; they provided drink for
the sun, for Tlaltecutli.7
"And although our lord showed them mercy —
when, for a while, for a brief time, they came to
occupy the realm, those who came ordering things
well for our lord of the near, of the nigh, who came
bathing the vassals, who came suppressing their tears,
who came determining sentences of death — this
made no difference to them. Not for this reason did
they lose [humility]; not for this reason did they
become drunk; not for this reason did they become
perverted. And [this] although they enjoyed that
which was the property of our lord. The prosperous
enjoyed the flowers, the tubes of tobacco, the breech
clouts, the capes, the large cotton capes, the clothing.
And they came enjoying the land, the houses. And
the prosperous enjoyed all manner of drink, of food.
And they came honoring one with shields, devices,
lip pendants, head bands, ear plugs, lip plugs. And
before them there was trembling.8 Perchance - since
such as this happened to them - perchance did they
become brazen? Did those mendoned perhaps act
superior? Did they perhaps become presumptuous?
for this reason, come b d i c Z g
6. Ibid.: "estos nuestros antepassados, de
7. Ibid• ...
come, y' sangre
t t yder rbombres..
<<*»«• y >Z
V J : : : lfa :authoridad
tuujeron
«• Ibid, "de manera que hazian temblor
' todos-
Izcatquj in taiz, in ticchioaz: in P » " 1 '
in toptl' in petlacalli: in
in jlamatque, in ^ ^ J o n e m j t i c o tlal-
pipinjxdvi in t o t e c h . u h c a o a ^ c ^
ticpac, ynjc otetloc, tcnaoac rnonemjti
moctztieco in pedaquac, in jcpalquac.
Iehoa in tololli, in pilolli, in malcochtli, in choqU)z_
tU in i x i o d , in elciciviztli: fan imjcnoio yn oqu ) m a .
t i c ' o ^ o t e c h i u h c a o a n , in techcauhtivi: intolol, m ma l_
c £ h oqujchioaco in tlalticpac, amo oixtomaoaco amo
o t o n e m j c o , amo oneneciuhtmemjco: macivi in
juhque muchiuhtivi, o : in dalchivic in acovic oit-
toque: in quappedapan, in cxelopetlapan oieco, in
oimmac manca in quappiaztli, in quauhxicalli, in
oquauhiacanque, in ocatlitique in tonatiuh in tlal-
tecutli :
auh macivi in qujnmocnoittili totecujo, in achica,
in cuel achic pedapan, icpalpan oieco: in ovel con-
tlatetequjlico in doque, naoaque: in ocahaldco cuj-
tlapilli, atlapalli in oqujxaiopapachoco, yn oqujcoto-
naco in mjqujztli: ca a m o ic oquen muchioaco, a
amo ic odapoloque, ca amo ic yvintique, ca amo ic
mjtonjque. Auh macivi in quexqujch oqujmavip-
que, in jcococauh totecujo, in amjximad oqujmavi-
foque in xuchitl, in jietl, in maxtlad, in tilmatli, in
quachtli, in q u e m j d : auh in tlalli, in calli in oquj-
mavi^oco: auh in amjximati oqujmavi^oque in ad,
in tlaqualli in nepapan: auh in oqujdmaloco in chi-
malh, in davizdi, in te^acatl, in tlalpilonj, in nacocb-
tli, in tentetl: auh in j m j x p a n onemamauhtiloco, mis
ic oquen muchiuhque, o, cujx oaquetzque, cujx ocuc-
cuenotque, in mjtoa, cujx oatlamatque, cujx oatlaiw-
tico, cujx ic teixco, teicpac onemjco, cujx ic aiac tk
ypan oqujttaco in tlalticpac. Auh cujx no ce ic otlai-
caoaco yn, m a odapoloque ? 9a amo vei, oontlan in
jntolol, in j n m a l c o c h , in jnpilol: nelli mach in
notecaco, in o m o c n o m a t i c o : nelli mach in o m ^
tlagaco, nelli m a c h in omopopoloco, omoma*^
: : f s i . „c L . - «»»»/«««. „«. cnc muao. ...<
...
utnoridad, para matar, y p a r a W ^ ^ y mantUujero« al sol. y^"
«M» su magestad...
106
 D ' d they perhaps, for this reason, come regard-
one with consideration? And did they per- «loco:
*». m j c ccnca . ..
n ° i ° for this reason, come forgetting? Did they Weupoaia, quelcicivL , ' * CCnCa «^ocaia,
' . . J 15 XT — o - ^ i g r Uid thcv
l o s e [their judgment] ? N o t at all did they end their m a tia, mocnotecaia ^ m0pcchtccaia> ^
humility. Most certainly they came humbling them
selves, came becoming meek. Most certainly they
came becoming contrite. Most certainly they came
depreciating themselves, came belitding themselves
The more they were honored, the more they wept
suffered affliction, sighed; they became most humble,'
most meek, most contrite.
"In such a maimer lived on earth those who were
the old men, those who go leaving us, thy great-
cauhtivi' T m , d a l d c P a c > - vevetque in tech-
grandfathers, thy forefathers. Thou art their off- cauhnv, raachcocolhoan, in motechiuhcaoa in
spring; from them thou art descended. Regard them; mnecauhca, m intechpa tiqujz, xiqujmonjtta imjxco,
look them in the face. And their memory, their īmjcpac xontlachia: auh in jndil, in jntlapal, in jmo!
torch, their light, their mirror which, departing, they couh, in jndavil, in jntezcauh in concauhteoaque:
left: take, place, set [the mirror] before thee. See mjxpan xicmana, mjxpan xictlali, mjxpan xicquetza:
therein how thou art; compare thy way of life, thy vmpa xonmotta in quen taraj, nedoc, nenaoac xic-
tlali m monemjliz, in moieliz: quen vel tamj, njman
being. Seeing exactly how thou art, then thou art
tiqujttaz in canjn ca moceio, mecauhio.
to discover where are thy blotches, thy blemishes.
"Behold, here is yet a word. Heed it; thou art my Oc izca cencamad da xicmocaqujti in dnoquauh,
eagle, thou art my ocelot, thou art my son! And in tinocelouh, in tinopiltzin: auh da xoconmati, tla
know, remember, that it is a time of pain, a time of xoconjlnamjquj ca cococapan, ca tcupouhcaiopan in
affliction in which thou hast gained thy desert, in otilhviltic, in otimaceoaldc, in omjtzalmjoali tote-
which thou hast gained thy merit, in which our lord cujo: ca anavia, ca anjvellamati in njmonan, in
hath sent thee; that I thy mother, I thy father am njmota: macivi in veveixtivi techcauhtivi, cujx inma,
poor, miserable. Although they went as great men cujx imjcxi techcacavilidaque: ca ie timalivi in jeno-
who went leaving us, did they perhaps bequeath us pillod, in jcnodacaiod: auh in jcnoveveiotl, in jeno-
their skills? For already poverty, misery, the misery ilamaiod.
of old men, the misery of old women dominate.9
" 0 my son, look in thy ashes, in thy hearth. [All Nopiltze xontlachia in monextidan, in motlecujl-
" ] permeated by pain, by affliction; misery, inhu- lan, cococ, teupouhquj qujqujztoc, timalivi in jeno-
manity dominate; pain, affliction are known; starva- dacaiotl, in nentlacaiod: cococ, teupouhquj macho,
timalivi in cujtlaxcolpitzactli, atontonamjquj in to-
tion dominated!. W e are in want as to that which
quezpan in toquechdan onpilcac: nelli mach in tic-
hangeth from our hips, from our necks. In truth we
mamalacachoa, in vmpa oallauh ehecatl, vmpa tic-
turn it around and around: from whence cometh tne
mana. Auh da xitechitta dfaquaoatinemj, tomj^auh-
wind, there we place it. And look at us! by m
tinemj in jpaltzinco totecujo tloque, naoaque:
grace of our lord, the lord of the near, of the nigh,
g° dying of hunger and thirst; we go like s k e l e t ° . auh in vecapa in moteiccaoan, in moveltioan xi-
"And look at thy male cousins, thy female cous- ouimonjtta, cujx onoac, cujx ieloac, cujx ixtonatoque
J * " Do they perhaps reside, do they in jpaltzinco tloque, naoaque cujx datqujvatoc, cujx
do they enjoy abundance by the grace of the io
//„ rinueza ni valor, mas antes tencmos gran falsa

* I d ! , """""" W " * » ' I"™" ^ifne sobre «osotros SU pnnapado. somos ^ Njtluat l text w a , altered. ,n
'« cosas, la pobreza cs, la que se ensenorea, V t*n* <°»r m„ores, y a tus ... For a reccnt discussion o f

Originally the corresponding Spanish text read: ^ J a a tus ^ ^ ™ " ^ ' ' t
H Z , T and the Spanish text was changed to read. ^ , * 1 9 6 6 ) > PP" ™
' P term, and t h e m e a n i n g of in vecapa see ™
r 0
J c .
tta U k i n s h ^ r j c a J , Univers.dad Nac.on
Z ^ ' U r a » » " « VI (Mexico: Institute de I n v e s t . g a c . o n e s H
" vecapa indicates a collateral relative. Qy
 the near, of the nigh? Do they perhaps remain ncbmaJoJotoc: hatiquimir»
possessors of property? Do they perhaps remain livi in dalticpac, ca ihi I"'* m o r i C m ^ « ^
xioalmotzontcconacocui n " t k c u i o a : «I"" 1 )*
glorified ? Canst thou not sec how they live? For it
sprcadeth on earth; for there is drudgery; all are (a tlaoanaiotl caci, amo L ' °>
y, •in - iuhcan
tijol u k S S '^Y> a ^u h ^
? iuhcan
^ *moc ^
fatigued. With that, how canst thou be proud, arro-
y, auh xn juhque yn m o n c a o ^ , mchcaoan,
gant? That would be but virtual drunkenness, ex-
cm ximochjoa: auh quen harimir» .
treme foolishness. This is how thou earnest forth;
Joz, in juhcan dmo.ohti y ^ qUCn
this is how thou wert born. And this is how it is in
thy house, and so are these of thy household, thy resi-
dents. If thou wouldst in some manner suffer! And
wilt thou not so bow thy head, wilt thou not so hang
thy head ? For in such a time as this wert thou born.
Auh oc .zca muchi mjxpan njctlalia, muchi n j m , *
"And still behold, I place all before thee, I cause
Z tlacotcach in momamal, m motciccauh m
thee to see all. The third oldest brother,11 thy respon-
N amo toconjtta, amo itcch tonmjxcujtia, amo
sibility, thy younger brother,12 my N.: dost thou not
n v rimozcalia, amo itcch umozqujpdoa in oquj-
look to him, take example from him, learn from
y ^ n o X X d - - u ) o : in ic qujmodddanja, in
him, depend upon him whom our lord hath hum-
bled? 13 Already he commandeth the city; he hath r Z in oqujmottitili in jpetlatzin, m jcpaltzin:
procured his realm; already in his hands rest the
m ! T m a c o T n j in matlalatl, in toxpalatl, in ic quj-
m 1 C ' m T c a h a k i a , in cujtlapilli, in adapalli in it
blue water, the yellow water; already he washeth, he
batheth the vassals; already in his hands, in his mouth S a c ca, in ic icamac ca, in ic atl ccccc in tzitzicazdi,
is castigation; our lord hath placed him in authority "Tpcdaquac, in jcpalquac oqujmodahii toteaijo, in
— him whom [our lord] hath humbled. Already he oqujmocnomachid: in ic mjtoa tccutlato, in tbeate-
is called Tecutlato, Tlacatecutli; so the city hath cudi, ic oqujnotz altcped:
called him.
"The prudent one to serve the city existeth, liveth amo onoac, amo ncmoa in ucl ixtli, in vel ruoztii
not. The noblemen, the precious noblemen, the sons auichivilia altcpctl. A u h a m o onoac, amo ncmoa in
of rulers exist not, live not. But there arc none 14 at tccpipild, in da^opipilti, in datocapipilti: tla m
all. However, [if there had been any] the lord of ichoan, ano ca, tla iccc ichoan qujnmcmapdviL m
the near, of the nigh, would have selected them, and doquc,' naoaque: auh tla ichoan ccmc qujnmanjli in
the city would have taken one of them. ad, in teped. . . ,. . L
"Can he be the tender youth? I am weeping for Quen m a c h vel ic in tdpuchtzintlr. ic nonchoo
him. Perhaps he will sink there; perhaps our lord tica, a<;o vncan onactiaz, a<;o ica tlatcmoa in totccujft
searched! [for another]. Is [our lord] perchance cujx m o c n j u h t o l i n j a :
wanting in friends?
"And how did he live ? How didst thou see him ? l f l
auh qucn onenca, q u c n otiqujttaia: cujx oya^
Did he perhaps go panting? Did he perhaps go hke
nenca, cujx oixtomaoatinenca, cujx oaquetztincna
a fool? Did he perhaps go brazenly? Did he per
cujx aomotlatlamatcachiuh, cujx aoteixco, tocp^
haps perform impetuously ? Was he perhaps disdain-
tlachix ? ca nelli m a c h in orialtech ia, nelli mach ^

f ^ - J S S t J S i Although
Alfhmt u it. --«iff W Tlan meaw, inter alia, "mKidle." By analogy ( « e J ^
brother, iiaco
p. j z z . s e s ^ ^ j s l : ^ * - ->—••• ^
to read: escuchame que tu primo hermano. el nun) _ — v x i t naniuQ icit acariy roues w *
12.
or "younger
Z r ^ y \ ' T c ^ L ^ T ^ 11 m a d C - » « • « ^ ^ tije tenn could be o - ^
13. The corresponding Spanish text read*-

TV
"no: read j m o . intended to be i n ^ ^

'a tu prima hermano am,

antf que tomatt "*go, btcn puu corno bmya?" Tbe *<*<i f1"

108
 ful? For certainly he went bowed. C e r t a i n l
a c t c d in humility Certainly he went crying out in
sadness unto our lord, the lord of the near of the
m g h . At night he held vigil; in truth, he went crawl-
ing on elbows and knees at midnight; at the parting
of the night he went sighing. So was he by nature
And he arose promptly, he seized the broom, he
became diligent in the sweeping, the cleaning,' the
fanning.
"And in truth, how doth he now live ? How doth
he perchance behave ? D o t h he perhaps act superior ?
Is he perhaps proud ? D o t h he perhaps say, 'Already
I am this'? Rather, he goeth bowed; rather, he is
humble, he weepeth, sigheth, calleth out, calleth to
our lord in sadness, in tears. T h o u dost not now see
that he perhaps sayeth, 'I am this,' and 'Already I am
like this.' For he holdeth vigil at night, quickly tak-
eth to the sweeping, and is diligent with the incense
ladle, the incense, the offering of incense. Blessed
is he, for thou art the older brother and he is thy
younger brother, O my son. 1 *
"Behold, here is yet a word like a thorn, like a
spine, like a biting wind, which will urge thee on,
which will press thee, bear thee to the ground that
thou mayest humble thyself, that thou mayest become
meek. Hear it and k n o w it. K n o w that it is a time of
misery, a time of poverty in which thou hast come
forth, in which thou wert born, into which our lord,
the lord of the near, of the nigh, hath sent thee.
"Look at us. In what condition are we who are thy
mothers, who are thy fathers ? And how do wedive
For what is our glory, what is our renown? Al-
though [our forefathers] went as great people,
departed leaving us, did they perchance leave their
skills? Did they bequeath them as they left/ Ana
look at thy relatives, thy neighbors: in nothing can
our lord be served, for they bring need.
"And who art thou? T h o u art of noble lineage,
^ou art one's hair, thou art one's fingernail,
^ a ruler's son, thou art a palace nobleman, ^ tiqueuhdnemjz. Xiccaquj in iehoatl in nepiloliztli,
t a precious one, thou art a nobleman; tfto
» holding this, raising it, before thy gaze. Not
th e humbling, the bowing, the inchnmg, ^ ^ pillotl, tlagoiotl, tlagotiliztli: iehoatl maviziotl. Xic-
* * tears, the sighing, the meekness - th ^
nobility, the estimable, the valued, these ^
n o r - Note that no brazen one, no vain on ,
each6' lbid': "aun1uc tu Prim0 hermano
hcrmano mayor,
mi
primo has been added to t h c S p a n i s h text.
h
Jtolol, m jmalcoch, yn jpilol oqujchiuh: nelli mach
in oqujmodaoculnonochilitinen totecujo, tloque, na-
oaque: iooalli oqujtztoca, nelli mach in jmolicpi, in
jtetepon, ic omoquequetztinen, in tlacoiooan, in
iooalli xelivi oelciciuhtine, gan njman iuh qujz: auh
meuhtiquj^aia, concujtivetzia in ochpanoaztli, itlan
oac in ochpanalli, in tlacujcujliztli, in tlaiecapeviliztli.
Auh in nelle axcan quen nemj ? cujx quen mu-
chioa, cujx mjxacocuj, cujx aquetza, cujx qujtoa ie
ne, y: ca ilhvice tlaltech iauh, ilhvice mopechtcca,
choca, elcicivi, qujnotza, qujtlaoculnonotza, qujcho-
qujznonotza in totecujo: amo tiqujtta in axcan, cujx
qujtoa ne yn. auh ie njuhquj y: ca iooalli qujtztoc
concujtivetzi yn ochpanalli: auh itlan aquj in tic-
maitl, in tlenamactli, in tlapupuchviliztli: quenmach
amj y, ca titeach: auh ca moteiccauh nopiltzc.
Oc izca cencamatl, in ma iuh haoatl, in ma iuhquj
vitztli, in ma iuhquj itztic ehecatl, in motech onquj-
gaz: in tlaltech mjtzpachoz, in tlaltech mjtzvicaz,
injc timocujtivetziz, ynjc timocnotecaz, timocnoma-
tiz. Xiccaquj: auh xicmati, ioan ticmati ca icnoiopan,
ca icnotlacapan in tijol, in titlacat, in mjtzalmjoati in
totecujo, in tloque, naoaque:
xitechitta in timonaoan, in timotaoan quen tamj-
que: auh quen tinemj, ca tie toteio, ca tie totoca:
macivi in veveixtivi techcauhtivi, cujx inma, imjcxi,
qujcauhtiaque, qujtlatlazteoaque: auh xiqujmjtta in
mocotoncaoan, in movilteccaoan, in atle vel onchivi-
lilo totecujo: ca tlaciaoa.
Auh tla fa nogo ac te, tla tetcchpa tiqujz, tla tite-
tzon, tla titeizti, tla titlatocapilh, tla ritecpilii, tla titJa-
gotli, tla tipilli: ga mjxco, mocpac ticmantinemjz,
in tololizdi, in ncpechtequjliztli, in choqujztli, yn
jxaiotl, in elciciviliztli, in n e c n o m a t i l i z t l i : vel iehoatl
pillotl, tlagoiotl : aiac cuecuenou,
cuccucnotl, aiac cuecuech,
caqui: aiac aquetzquj, *ajac_ —lMM u•^
- I ' KlMf»
#
" i n • ».» » . —
cuecuetz in odatocat: auh aiac ilihviz-
A
anogo mjtoa cuecuetz in
tod as las hucnas costumbrcs." in
sobrcpuiatc hijo
109
 tlacad, aiac yciuhcadacatl, aiac hicicanj, aiac iolloca-
dissolute or, as is said, shameless one hath become
machal, aiac tlaxcoloanj otecudatocat, opetlapan oic-
ruler. And no inconsiderate one, no impetuous one,
palpan catca.
no hasty one, no one untrustworthy with secrets, no
rash one hath become ruler, hath been in the ruler-
ship- t JLL- Auh intla aca oquenman ittoc tecudato, in ahavil-
"And if, at times, a dignitary was seen who spoke latoa, in cacamanalti, in datlaxcoloa: ocaviltocaiodque,
in jest, who ridiculed, who was fitful, they gave him teccuecuechtli: auh in quappedad, in ocelopedatl,
the displeasing name of tcccuccuechtli;1T and die aiac oqujpix quauhtlaveliloc, iaotlaveliloc: in quauh-
rulership they entrusted to no one who was a vvickcd tlaveliloque, in iaodaveliloque: <;an omjqujztequj.
but brave warrior, one furious in batde. The wicked dco, omjtoco quaquachicti, otomj, tlaotonxinu.
but brave warriors, those furious in batde, those who oieco petlapan, icpalpan: in oqujpiaco cujtlapilli in
only came paying the tribute of death, were called atlapalli, auh in oquauhiacanaco, yn oceloiacanaco-
quaquaehictin? Otomi, tlaotonxinti." Those who iehoantin in chocanj, in tlaocuianj, in mopilovanj,
cam, to occupy the rulership, those who came to mopechtecanj, in toloanj, in mocnomatinjme: jn
oversee the vassals, those who came to direct the eagle mjtoa, vei ca yiollo, tlamatcaioque, ivianioque, iocox-
warriors, the ocelot warriors,20 were the weepers, the caioque.
sighers, those who humbled themselves, those who
inclined themselves, the bowers, those who became
meek, those called the secure, the peaceful, the calm,
the gentle.
Auh ca demad, ca moiollo itlan ca, ca £an ce in
"Thou knowest, thou rememberest that there is
tlatoanj, in jiollo alteped: auh ca ie vme in tecutlato
only one ruler, the heart of the city, and that there
ce quappan, ce pilpan: ce quappan, dacatecutli, tla-
are two [assisting] dignitaries, one from the military,
cochtecutli, auh ce pilli: auh in quauhtlato, no cc
one from the nobility. The one from the military is
quappan tlacateccatl, tlacochcalcad, no ce pilli. Auh
the Tlacatccutli; die one from the nobility is the
ca ivi y, tlavica in totecujo, in daotlatoctia: auh in
Tlacochtecutli. And of the commanders also, one
quappa tlacatecutli, tlacochtecutli, dacateccad, da-
is from the military, the Tlacateccatl; one also is from
cochcalcatl: cujx n j m a n ipan iol, ipan tlacat? cujx
the nobility, the Tlacochcalcatl. And in this way
noc inan, yta qujcavilida, ca a m o : ca $an motepepc-
doth our lord govern, if it is to condnue. And the
nja, daldcpac motechichivilia, moteimachilia, in jpaj-
military one, the Tlacatecudi, the Tlacochtecutli, the
nemoanj.
acateccatl, [or] the Tlacochcalcatl: did he then
me to life in this posirion ? Was he born in it ? Did
rhaps his mother, his father bequeath it to h i m ?
No. For one is just elected on earth, one is commis-
sioned, endowed by him by whom we live.
"O my son, O my son, take it to heart. In what Iyo nopiltze, nopiltze: ma quen muchiuli in
manner dost thou behave ? Perhaps it is to no purpose moiollo, m a quen timuchiuh, at 5a nen o, itla rcl
that thou wilt be able to do something? Perhaps he timahailiz: at noc ida mjtzpoaz in jpalnemoanj: auh
by whom we live will yet designate thee for some- acano^o can tonpouhdaz in tlalticpac: ma q u e n tic-
thing. And if possibly thou wilt be assigned to a posi- chiuh in moiollo, ma m j t i c dtlato ma timonelchiuh.
tion on earth, in what manner dost thou do in thy m a timoneltoca, m a ticuecuenot, ma dmopouh, & 1
heart ' Do not praise thyself, do not take it lightly, t a t l a m a : vei yiellel, vei iqualan in doque, naoaque ••
do not claim it to thyself; be not vain, be not proud' cuecuenotl, in atlamatcaiod, in nepoaliztli: at p ,|
be not presumptuous. Vanity, presumption, pride momaceoal, at ida ticmavi$alhujz in totecujo: at •

17 Ibid, -Upon,an vn nombre tecucuecuechtli; q qujere dezir trohan...." T h e N a h u a t l t e x t h a s teccuecuechtli. . I

19' 7 S T » lCXt: t d e S " U a m a U a n ^aquachictin, q es nobre de hombres alocados. pero valientes en la

d a r e s ' . . " "" ' ^ ^ ° tlaotoxinti, que qujere dezir otomi trasqujlados, y alocados, «/o [sic] ^ ^ J )

20. yn: the tilde is in the MS.

110
truly [provoke] the annoyance, the a n ^ r t L
dtladz, at no acan tonpoviz: $an ximonemjd, cenca
0 f the near, of the nigh. Perhaps sonwk°
C lord
ie in motolol, in momalcoch, in mopilol, in mocho-
m e n t . Perhaps in something thou ^ b ^ ^
8 is
quiz, in modaocul, in melciciviliz, in monecnotecaliliz
lord. Perhaps thou wilt be something u °Ur in monecnomachiliz.
wilt be nothing. Just conduct thvsetf • ^
thy head bowed, thy arms folded thv **
Be there thy weeping, thy sadness rL /° Wered -
humility, thy meekness. ' Y sl S hln & thy
"And yet hear: thou art to render to r* i Auh oc xiccaquj, vel moiollo in toconmacaz, in to-
very heart unto our lord. Thy humiW ^ con jlhviz totecujo: amo fan jyio in panj neciz in
appear only upon the surface, for it willV* t0 mocnoio, ca mopan mjtoz titololxochton, titlanjxi-
thee that thou art a charlatan, a & qujpile: auh ca mjtzmotztiliticac in totecujo in tetl,
venly, our lord is looking to thee- he I I u? in quavitl yitic tlamati, tlachia: in teiollo qujximari,
in titic techcaquj, techitta timaceoalti, maca tie xocon-
seeth the mterior of stonfs, J He7 ' ^
nenelo in moiollo, in monecnomatiliz: ma onchal-
one's heart, he heareth, he seeth w ^ t h i n ^ s ^ ^ ^
chiuhti, ma onteuxiuhti, vel qujzquj, in xoconmoma-
we ment. Do not harden thy heart in thy huZlkv qujli totecujo, in monecnomachiliz, maca fan xitla-
As a precious green stone, as a w e l l - f o r m e d S i
ixpanj.
« offer thy humility to our lord, B ™

^ . d t,toloxochton, 9 AJ
atcs utolcxochton
4 1 ^«Ponding Spanish text: "eruōce p. 358, C . n b a y
r , „' \">< finn.dc. . . » In S.ihagun,
!) titlanixiquipile as "T«i tiene, aba,o el {j j
 Twenty-first Chapter. 1 H e r e is told the discourse,
the manner in which the father, ruler or nobleman^
exhorted his son in order to provoke him to chastity.
Here he said that the gods befriend, love much
those who can be abstinent. M a n y similes and exam-
ples are given expression. V e r y good are the dis-
courses and the many other things which furnish
pleasure.
Ic cempoalli oce capitulo, vncan mjtoa in datolli:
in quenjn iehoatl tetatzin datoanj, ancx;o pilli qujno-
notzaia in jpiltzin, ynjc qujcujtlaviloaia in nepializ-
tli: vncan qujtoa, ca in teteu, cenca qujnmocnjuhtia,
qujntlafotla in vel mopia: mjiec tlancujujlizdatolli,
ioan machiod moteneoa: cenca qualli in datolli, ioan
oc cequj mjiec tepapaqujlti

"Thou who art my son, thou who art my youth,

hear the words; place, inscribe in the chambers of thy In tinopiltzin, in tinotelpuch: tla xiccaquj in da-
tolli, da moiollocaltidan xicdali, xiqujcujlo, in ccn-
heart the word or two which our forefathers de-
tentli, in cencamatl in concauhteoaque in totechiuh-
parted leaving: the old men, the old women, the
caoan in vevetque, in jlamatque in otlachixque, in
regarded ones, the admired ones, and the advised
otlamavi^oque: auh in odazdacoque tlalticpac. Ca
ones on earth. Here is that which they gave us,
izcatquj in techonmacativi, in tcchonpialtitivi in veve-
entrusted to us as they left, the words of the old men, datolli in nelpilli, in toptli, in petlacalli: ca conjto-
that which is bound, the well-guarded [words]. tivi ca teuxivid vel popoca: ca chalchivitl ololivic,
They went saying that the pure life is considered as acatic, vel icucic momati in chipaoacanemjlizdi:
a well-smoked, precious turquoise; as a round, reed- acan ceio, acan hecauhio, vel qujzquj in jniollo, in
like, well-formed, precious green stone. There is no jnnemjliz in chipaoacanemjliceque: iuhquj o, in
blotch, no blemish. 2 T h o s e perfect in their hearts, in chalchivitl, in teuxivid cuecueiocatica, tonatica, in
their manner of life, those of pure life — like these jxpan doque, naoaque: iuhquj o, in xopaleoac que-
are the precious green stone, the precious turquoise, tzalli, in padaoac, in vel iaque, in vitoliuhtoque dal-
which are glistening, shining before the lord of the dcpac, in chipaoacanemjliceque: in mjtoa qualli
near, of the nigh. Like them are the precious feath- iniollo.
ers, the dark green ones, broad, well-formed, whicn
arch over the earth. T h e y are those of pure life, those
called good-hearted. , h
Tla xiccaquj, conjtotivi in vevetque: ca in pipiltzi-
"Heed what the old men went saying: tnat u tzinti, in telpupuchtzitzinti, in jchpupuchtzitzinti:
children, the youths, the maidens are the realtnenos, vel icnjoan, vel itlafoan in tloque, naoaque, itlan
d * really beloved of the lord of the near, of the nig ; nemj, idan paquj qujmjcnjuhda.
Tfcey live with him; they rejoice with h i m ; he m a *

e t h friends of them. ,, n thosc

Ic ica, ic ipampa, in vevetque, in velJateumatinj in
"Because of this, for this reason, the old tlamaceoaliztica, in negaoalizaca, in tlenamactica: oc
^ c i a l l y devout in the penance, in t h e ^ cenca iehoantin qujntemachirivi in pipiltzitzinti, in
°ffenng 0 f i n C ense, go especially confident in t telpupuchtzitzinti, in jchpopuchtzitzinti: in vevetque
are children, Souths, maidens. T h e in jntlazcaltilhoan, in jnpilhoan oc iooan in qujm-
f old men, their sons, they awaken whde ^ J jxitia: auh in qujvelicachioaznequj cochiztli, qujnpc-
da * and while they want the pleasure of sleep, g .

another translation of this chapter, sec Garibay, UtcraSura, PP-

^ Chan 43.
Chap. a*
3' ^ ibid.
113

they strip them; they sprinkle them with water.
These sweep; they offer incense; the women wash
the mouths. It is said the lord of the near, of the
nigh, yet heareth, receiveth their weeping, their sor-
row, their sighs, their prayers, because, it is said, they
are good of heart, undefilcd, still clean, untouched,
pure, still true precious green stones, still true pre-
cious turquoises. So, it is said, through them the
earth yet endureth.4 They are our intercessors.
"And then there are the priests, the penitents, for
they are those who live in chastity; clean, good, fine,
precious, washed, white* are their hearts. Their way
of life is undefilcd, without ordure, without dust,
without filth. For this reason they approach, they
stand before the lord of the near, of the nigh; they
offer him incense, they pray to him, they pray to him
on behalf of the city. And the ruler nameth them
the priests of his gods because of their goodness, their
clean life.
"And the old people, the wise ones, the keepers of
the books, go saying that the pure in heart are very
precious; those who nowhere find and who rejoice
not in vice, in filth, those who know it not, are so
precious that the gods require them, seek them, call
out to them. He who goeth pure, who dieth in war,
they say, the sun summoneth; he calleth out to him.
He liveth hard by, nigh unto the sun, the valiant
warrior. He gocth gladdening him, giving cries to
him, causing him to rejoice. Always forever, he liveth
in pleasure, he rejoiceth; ever glad, without pain, he
sucketh the different flowers, the savory ones, the
fragrant ones. For verily he liveth in the house of the
sun, which is a place of wealth, a place of joy.
"And such as these who die in war are well hon-
ored; rhcy are considered very precious on earth, and
they arc also very much desired. Also they are much
envied, so that all people desire, seek, long for this
death, f for such] are much praised.
"This is it said of one who died in war, a small
youth who came to die in war in Mexico. He was an
m b t a n , of Ucxolzinco named Mixcoatl. His song
IS intoned; It JS told:
Thou, Mixcoatl, merxtest the song.
1 hou wilt live on earth'
JTUuwū^ among Uexotzinco's drums -
4. Read mani in.
5- Corresponding Spanish irr,- " v . -
6- Read ,„,,, " " " POr
daoa, qujmatzelhvia, ochpana, tlcnamaca: in cioa
tccamapaca, mjtoa: oc qujncaqujlia, qujnmacujlia
in tloquc, naoaque, yn jnchoqujz, in jntlaocul, in
jmelciciviliz, in jntlatlatlauhtiliz: ca nel no^o mjtoa
qualli in jniollo, aiatle ncncliuhquj, oc chipaoac, oc
qujztica, oc macitica, oc vel chalchivitl, oc vel teuxi-
vid: iuh mjtoa, oc ichoan inca man jn dalli, toda
iolccvicaoan.
Auh njman
Aun n j n u " ic izcatquj
— in damacazque,
~ —i—> in tlama
udiua.
ra chiDaoacancmjliceque,
ccuhque: ca chipaoacanemjliceque, chipaoac.
chipaoac, ouali:
quaUi,
iccdi tla?otli, tlapapacdi, toztic yn jniollo: in jnne.
mjliz adc neneliuhquj, atzoio, ateuhio, atla<;ollo: yc
i mpa i n jtech aci, in jixpan moquetza tloque, naoa-
que in qujpopuchvia, in qujtlatlauhtia, in qujdatla-
tlauhrilia in atl, in teped: auh in tlatoanj, qujntoca-
iotia yteuan in damacazque: ipampa in jnqualti^
yn jnchipaoacanemjliz.
Auh ioan conjtodvi in vevedaca, in damatinj, in
amoxhoaque: ca cenca daqotin in chipaoacaiolloque,
in acan qujtta, auh in amo qujmavilda tcuhtli, tla-
gulli, in catzaoacaiotl, in a m o qujximad: ynjc dap.
tin qujnnequj, qujntemoa, qujnoaltzatzilia in tetcu,
yn aqujn mohotqujduh i a o m j q u j : qujtoa, qujoalno-
tza, qujoaltzatzilia in tonaduh, vel itloc, jnaoac nemj
in tonatiuh, in tiacauh caviltitinemj, coiovitincmj,
quelelqujxda: muchipa, cemjcac pacdnemj, raoda-
machda, qujchichina in nepapan xuchitl, in velic,
in aviac: aic quen muchioa, aic de yiolipan: ca nd
tonatiuh ichan in n e m j , ca necujltonolddan, neda-
machtiltidan.
Auh in juhque yn, injque yn, iaomjeque: vd
mavi^olo, vellagocamacho in dalticpac: auhnocca
vel elevilo, no vel intech neiolcocolo: injc muchi tk-
catl qujnequj, qujtemoa, quelevia injn mjqujztli
cenca iecteneoalo.
In juh ipan mjtoa, ce iaomjquj, in telpuchtepm-
iaomjqujco mexico, in vexotzincad itoca Mix
6
ca onmeoa, ca onmjtoa in jcujcaio. Timjxcoatl r^
mamaceoa, cujcatl tiioliz tlalticpac, aaia ve: « * |
tlan tinemjz in vexotzinco, in dqujmo naU
tepilhoan, in mjtzittazque in mocnjoan a, otf1••>
CO"
" " " di0< mundo, y que ellos cran nucstros intercessors. P^
114
 Wilt gladden the nobles.
Thy friends unll behold thee.
"Here is the reply to this song to mv
to Mixcoatzm, the small youth w h n ^ ^ P ^ * Izca icuepca injn ihiiotl, injc cenca coniecteneoa in
"hszith: W h ° d l e d m war.
Mixcoatzin in telpuchtepitzin moiaomjqujli:

Uhe!*e
qujtoa.Qan teuxiuhtlamatiloltic moiollo tocon-
bUrmShCd tUTqUoisc thou givest thy macan tonativitz, oc titzmolinjz y: oc ceppa tixotlaz
It cometh to the sun. tlalticpac aia ve, vevetitlan tinemiz in vexotzinco y,

Thou wilt yet germinate tiqujmonaviltiz in tepilhoan in mjtzittazque in moc-

njhoan aooaia, ooaia.
Wilt once again blossom
On earth.

Thou wilt live among Vexotzinco's drums-

Wilt gladden the nobles.
Thy friends will behold thee.
"And then those who have been drowned,7 those
Auh njman ie iehoantin, in elaqujlo, ioan in jnpan
struck by lightning: the old men went saying that
tlatlatzinj in viteco: ca iuh conjtotivi in vevetque, ca
they who are good of heart arc struck by lightning iehoantin in qualli in iollo, in jnpan tlatlatzinj in
because the Tlaloque desire them; they long for viteco: ca qujnnequj, qujmelevia in tlaloque: vmpa
them. They take them there to their home, Tlalocan. qujnvica in jnchan in tlalocan, vei itloc, inaoac nemj
They live by the master, Xoxouhqui, he who is pro- in tlacatl in xoxouhquj, in olio, in jauhio tlamacazquj
vided with rubber, with incense, Tlamacazqui, lord in tlalocatecutli: ca nel no^o tlaloca in calaquj, in
of Tlalocan. For verily in Tlalocan those who enter, vico, in viteco vmpactivetzi: cemjcac xopan in nemj,
those taken, those struck arc submerged there.' They aic tlacuetlavia: cemjcac tlatzmolinj, tlacelia cemjcac
live in eternal spring; never is there withering; for- tlaxoxovia.
ever there is sprouting, there is verdure; it is eternally
green.
And then here are the words which tell of those Auh njman ie izcatquj in tlatolli, in jnpan mjtoa
who die prematurely, the tender youths, the tender in motlalmjqujlia telpuchtzintli, ichpuchtzintli: in
niaidens, the inexperienced, the uninstructed on amo onmattiuh, ontlachixtiuh tlalticpac: in amo quj-
earth. To him who went not experiencing, not ximattiuh, in amo itech acitiuh teuhtli, tlafulli: ca
aPproaching vice, filth, it is said, our lord showed mjtoa. Oqujmotlafoicnelili in totecujo: maqujzti-
bounteous mercy. The tender youth, the tender tiuh, chalchiuhtitiuh in telpuchtzintli, in jchpuch-
maiden are like precious bracelets, like precious green tzintli.
stones.
Auh oc izcatquj cencacamatl, in pialonj, in cuj-
"And still here is a word to be guarded, to be oanj, in caconj: ca mjtoa in coconctzitzinti momj-
Jken, to be heard, for it is said that the children who qujlia chalchiuhri, teuxiuhti, maqujzti: in mjquj,
c become as precious green stones, as precious tur-
amo vmpa vi in temamauhtica in jtzehecaia in mjc-
qu°i*s, as precious bracelets. When they die they go tla: vmpa vi in tonacatecutli ichan, tonacaquauhti-
* * there where it is fearful, the place of sharp winds, tlan in nemj, qujchichina in tonacaxuchitl, itech
^ e region of the dead. They go there to the home nemj in tonacaquavitl, itech tlachichina.
* Tonacatecutli; they live in the garden of Tonaca-
suck theflowersof T o n a c a t e c u t l i , hve by the
^ of Tonacatecutli; by it they suck [the flowers].

> « , , tct.uetx, j . . a u e ,c llama tonacatecuUt. q

J . C-mport., Sp.nub « t : -" "l*"'"
' manrrj, d r or hole, y floret. VW ' • •' 115
 "It is not in vain, O my son, that children, babies Amo can nen o, nopiltze in cuezcomatl ijxpan toco
are buried in front of thc maize bin, for this signifieth coconetzitzinti, in pipiltzitzinti: ca iehoatl qujnezca-
that they go to a good place, a fine place, because they iotia in qualcan in ieccan vi: in jpampa in oc chal-
arc still as precious green stones, still as precious chiuhti, in oc maqujzti, in oc vel motqujticatc teu-
bracelets; still pure, they become as precious tur- xiuhti.
quoises.
Auh oc izca achiton: ca in pipiltzitzinti, in co-
"And here is still a little: the babies, the children
arc very precious; they are beloved, desired, because conetzitzinti, ca cenca _tla S otin •^• I I 1 * 1

they arc the clean, the yet pure ones. They become ypampa in chipaoaque, in oc motqujticate chalchiuh-
as precious green stones, as precious bracelets, as pre- ri, maqujzti, teuxiuhti, tla S otin.
cious turquoises: precious.
Izca ioan in qualtin, in iectin: in qualli inioll0)
"Behold also the good, thc fine, the good of heart,
intech netlacaneconj, ixtililo, maviztililo: atle ima-
those worthy of confidence. They are respected,
ioca, acan ca imaioca: auh pactinemj, locuxcanemj,
honored. They do nothing reprehensible, they are
nowhere reprehensible. And they live in happiness acampa nacazmavi, tlacaconemj.
and peace. Nowhere do they spread fear; they live
in contentment.
"And now, O my beloved son, O my youth, take Auh in axcan notla^opiltze: notelpuchtze: xic-
heed if thou art to continue with our lord a while. caquj intla achi tictoqujliz totecujo: xiccaquj ivi y(
Listen to the way in which thou art to live. Thou art tinemjz y, amo tiqueleviz in teuhtli in tla^ulli: amo
not to lust for vice, for filth; thou art not to take ticmaviltiz in tei^olo, in tecatzauh: in mjtoa tctlaca-
pleasure in that which defileth one, which corrupteth foltili, in teitlaco, in tepolo, in mjcoanj. Ca iuh con-
one, that which, it is said, driveth one to excess, which jtotivi in vevetque in pillopan, in oc tlacaxoxouhca-
harmcth, destroyeth one: that which is deadly. So iopan: vncan in moteicnoittilia totecujo, vncan in
the old men went saying: in childhood, in the yet tetlamamaca, vncan in qujteilviltia in petlatl, in
tender years, then is when our lord showeth compas- jcpalli, in tlatconj, in tlamamalonj, in quappetlatl, in
sion for one. Then is when he distributed^ giveth ocelopetlatl: auh n j m a n vncan, njman pillopa, da-
as one's desert, thc rulership, thc governed,10 valiant caxoxouhcaiopa in qujtemaca, in qujtemaceoaltia, in
warriorhood. And then, then in die time of child- jtzopelica, in javiaca in tloque, naoaque: auh pillo-
ood, in the tender years, at that time the lord of
pan, oc chipaoalizpan in maceoalo qualli mjqujztli:
e near, of the nigh, giveth one, giveth one as merit,
joy and prosperity.11 And in the dme of childhood,
still in the time of purity, the good death is merited.
"Take heed, O my son: also such is the condition Xiccaquj nopiltze: ca tel no$o ic manj in cemana-
in thc peopling, the replenishing of the world. For oac in nepixoloz, in netlapiviloz: ca oqujmjtalhviin
thc lord of the near, of the nigh, hath said, thou art
tloque naoaque in titlanoz ce cioatl, ce oqujchtli:
ordained one woman [for] one man. However, thou
īece amo timjciuhcapoloz, amo iuhquj tdchichi, tic-
art not to ruin thyself impetuously; thou art not to
quativetziz, ticquetzontivetziz in tlalticpacaiotl:
devour, to gulp down the carnal life as if thou wert
a dog.
"Especially art thou to become courageous, art
thou yet to become strong, art thou yet to reach * oc •
cenca timoiollotechioaz, oc tichicaoaz, oc rim* *

matunty. Even as the maguey, thou art to form a ciz: in ma iuhquj timetl, tiqujiotiz, otete?aviz: vn-
stalk, thou art to ripen." Then, thereby, thou wilt can o, ic ipan tichicaoaz in tlapaliuhcaiotl in
become strong in the union, in the marriage Thy mjctiliztli: in mopilhoan iezque tzotzomocriq*'
tetecujcitique: auh tetetzcaltique, chichipa^'
10. See Chap. 13.
11. Sec ibid.
12. Corresponding Spanish text- •
P'erdesse ante que abran al maguey Zn ' , , » abren de - t - d*
i y- p a r a la mjel, le P W ™ , para qujtarle la mjel, nj tiene substaaJ, "I "
d e x a n

e t C e r ' y v c n i r a su perfection: y entōee se saca la mjel."

116
children will be rugged, a g i l e , " and they will be
polished, beautiful clean. A n d well wilt thou enter chichipaccaltiquc iezquc: auh vel itlan taqujz in
into thy mundane life, thy carnal life: in thy carnal motlalica, in motlaldcpacaiouh, in motlalticpac-
life14 thou wilt be rugged, strong, swift; diligent wilt īaoiuh, titzomoctic, titlapaltic, titzicujctic ticz: mehel
thou be. tiez.
"And if thou ruinest thyself impetuously, if too
soon thou seducest, thou discoverest [women] on Auh intla fan xonmjciuhcapolo intla fan cucl xon-
earth, verily the old men went saying, thou wilt tlamati, xontlachia tlalticpac. Ca conjtotivi in vevet-
interrupt thy development, thou wilt be stunted, thy que: dmozcallapuztequjz, ticacamacpil, dnenepiliz-
tongue will be white, thy mouth will become swol- tacapil tiez, ticamafapil, ticanponaton tirauchioaz
len, puffed; thou wilt go tasting thy nasal mucus, moiacacujtlapil dcpalotinemjz, dpinectontli tiez, tipi-
thou wilt be pale, thou wilt go pale on earth, thy neoatinemjz in tlalticpac, raoiacacujtl chipintinerajz,
nasal mucus will go dripping, thou wilt go coughing, dtotolcadnemjz, tiiaiacatontii tivivitoctontli tiez,
thou wilt be enfeebled, weakened, emaciated; thou tiquequetotzpil, tiraamalichtontli tirauchioaz: ha-
cafo ie tiquezqujlvitia in tlalticpac, fan cucl ifa tive-
wilt become a tuft of hair. Possibly already thou
vepil, tivevexolochton.
wilt linger a short time on earth, very soon to be
old, old and wrinkled.
"And thou art as the bored maguey, thou art as Auh in mahan titlachictli, in mahan timed: fan
the maguey: soon thou wilt cease to give forth cuel in timocaoaz timeia, afo qujn vel ica toqujchtli,
liquid." Perhaps it is so with thee, a man, when in oc uel tonmotlamj, in aoc cuclle tiqujlvia, in aoc
already thou consumest thyself, when thou canst no cuelle ticaitia monamjc, ic cuel mjtzihija, ie cucl
longer say anything, no longer do anything to thy mjtztlaelitta, ca nel nofo ticapizmjctia: afo qujn ie ic
spouse. Soon she hateth thee, soon she detesteth thee; itlati in qujnequj tlalticpacaiotl, injc timaceoalti in
for verily thou starvest her. Perhaps presendy there monamjc, ie te oc uel timocauh: muchimmopanti
ariseth her desire; she longeth for the carnal rela- acafo y iatlamatia mopan iaz mjtzontlaximaz: ca
tions which thou owest thy spouse. Already thou art nel nofo otonmjciuhcapolo, ca otonmotlamj.
finished, thou hast completed all. 16 Perhaps thou art
incapable. She will ignore thee, she will betray thee.
Verily, thou hast ruined thyself impetuously, thou
hast consumed thyself. 17
Oc xiccaquj: ma nel nofo ic ipan, ie qualcan in
"Heed yet. May thou in good time reach man- titlapaliuhcatiz: amo timjciuhcapoloz, ma nel mona-
hood. Thou art not to ruin thyself impetuously. mjc, monacaio, in jdan tinemjz, in jdan daz: in
Although she is thy spouse, thy body, when thou mahan daqualli, amo dqujciuhcaquaz, qujtoznequj,
wilt live with her, when thou wilt know her, it is as amo dtlahelnemjz, amo dcmotequjmacaz: fan ipan,
with food [which] thou art not to eat hastily; that is fan ipan qualli in dcchioaz: ach anofo nen muchioa
to say, thou art not to live lustfully; do not give my- dpaquj timomati, in ricmotequjmaca in paqujzdi: ca
self excessively to it. Moderately, temperately ie dmomjeda, ca dmovidlia:
thou to perform [the act]. Perhaps otherwise-. to n
avail it cometh to pass that thou thinkest to find plea

13. R c a d que no mana. torque le acogeraron

..spelling
14. Read
13. The . u b c r a t c , the variation ^ P ^ e l qUe *... ^ . ^
M. The repetition is accepted as d ^ y ^ , ^ h

15. Corresponding Spanish text: J J y ^ del. no U> ^ X V- - J y £

«* de tiempo. y el que chupo para ^ ag0ta* tc d a W ^ a ,11a sc ^ offa ^
16. Read ^ in - o , * * U g ^ ' J * > <"* ^ E * * * "
17. Corresponding Spanish text: y " The translators are
tec* * adulterio: y csto porque » * J e j a de m « ^ a s c o P ^ ^ t f j ^ y consu^ ^ p a s $ a g e.
passage t h u s : "Vn maguey que 3
l s i 6 n por a * * " " ' *

un , oumh01"0
« tu
M consorte
e t el deplacer
lecho: que eUa
tu tenttri
* * » > f J ai f el e l, . pero^ f \« g >6
r p
i n 6 ,« f for
ffP . ^ L f i c a t * »
8

'I mtuuto: parard en adult era y te ter *

lat. "
 sure when thou givest thyself excessively to pleasure,
for already thou kiliest thyself, thou endanger?*! thy-
self.
"The old men said, as the? left, as they went leav- conjtotm in vcvctquc, injc concauhnvi intcnaoatil.
ing their commandments: T h o u art only a maguey In n u can timed. in omjttontcqujchichinquc, amo
which they hare sucked e*ce*mely. Be not * x The ic tiuhquj: in t.lnutli paltic, in tlapacth m ccnca
cape wetted. washed, when tightly wrung, quickly moicqu.patxca, in motctcpatxea: ca h,cmhca oaq U ) :
no tiuhqui. in ococomnotetequjmacac tlakicpaca.oU,
dnrth; alto thou art the tame when thou hast given
iino nncnrhcud: auh cuel moiacacu,tla p il
thvtrlf excessively to the carnal act. NoC only art
pi lea ti nemj, r.danpixqujt.nemjz, r.xonauhtincmjz,
thou usriess, but toon thy nasal mucus goeth hang-
tng; thou wilt go toothless, thou wilt go on hand and tipincoauncmjz.
knees, thou wilt go pale.'
Izcatqui muchiuh: cc tlacatl anoc, ilpiloc vcven-
"BrhtAl, tf came to pass that a man was seized,
pul quaztapapul, ipampa tcpan ia tetlaxi: auh tla-
WAS imprisoned — a ilecrepit old man, white-headed
danjloc, in cujx noma qujncqu) dalticpacaiotl, q u j t 0 ;
— because he knew another's woman; he had com-
ca qujn icic idati in qujncquj tlalticpacaiotl: i p a m p j
mitted Jklultrrv And he was asked if it were possible
in jpiltian in jtclpuchtian. acan oqujttac cioad, anoic
that he soli required the carnal act He said that
ocana dalucpac da ma, ic ichicaoalizpan, ic ivcvcti.
pfrv-ntly was aroused his desire for the carnal act,
lizpan, in qujn oqujttaco tlalticpacaiotl.
f<cauv in the rime of his childhood, in the time of
his y«*ith, he looked not upon a woman, nor did he
evrr anywhere know carnality. In the period of his
virility, already in the time of his old age, then he
went seeking the carnal act.
"Behold, here is yet a word or two. Let it inspire Oc izca ccntentli, cencamatl, xicmoiolloti: injc
thee, that all may be thy measuring stick, thy model. muchi moctacauh, momachiouh iez: muchi ttrch
Thou art to rake all as an example as to how to live ticanaz, in quenjn tichipaoacanemjz tlaldcpac.
in (Hirity on earth.
"In the rime of the lord Nevauakoyotzm, two old In jpan tlacatl ne^aoalcoiotzin: omendn anoque
wxunen were seized. They were white headed; their llamapipil quaiztapatoton: fa iuhqujn ccpauvid
lr ids werr like snow ; it was as if they were wearing intzontccon: fa iuhqujn ichtli onacticate: ipamfu
thmlded maguey fiber. They were imprisoned be- ilpilocjue, inpan iaque, qujntiaxinquc, in jnnamjeoan,
ijusr rliey had committed adultery, had betrayed in jnvevctcaoan: tlamacazcatotond, telpupuchtotoo-
their their old men. It was young priests, ti in tepan iaque.
v nit hi, who had viola ted them.
I V ruler Nefautkoyoczin inquired of them: he Qujntlatlanj in tlatoanj Nefaoalcoiotzin: quimji-
uid to thetn: O our grandmothers, listen! How do hvi. Tocioane, tlaxiccaqujcan: qucn anmoraaa, am
feel- IX) >r perhaps still rrquire the carnal act? noma anqujnequj in tlalticpacaiotl, amo oaccuhquc-
Are ve not satiated, bang [as old] as ye arc? And
ca ie amjuhque, y: auh, que fan oanncnquemft
how dkl ve live while still in your girlhood? Just
amopiltia: 5a xiqujtocan, 9a xinechilvican, ca ic vn»-
« 1 it, IUSI tell me. since ye are here for this reason '
yn ancate:
T h e y said to him: 'Master," ruler, our lord re-
qujlvique. Tacatl, tlatoanj, totecujo: ma xicfl*
« v e it, hear ,t. Yc men. yc are sluggish, ye are de-
cujli, ma xicmocaqujti: in amoqujehtzitzino. ••
n > W S t , V C $ i m P c t u o u s I y - It is all
amehoantin antlatzivi, ca amchoantin anmoc**"
*"< There is no more. There is nothing l 0 be
in a m o mjciuhcapoloquc: ca ie ixqujch ca at*
a m o necoca: auh injn in ticioa, ca amo tidatz^
function ,1 fn
KM IS '
to await rhat which is
who * only_ ca oztotl, ca tcpexitl in totcch ca: ca fan tequjd'
8«vcn, whose only
18. *<*i TUtml

118
 it to receive. A n d of this, if thou hast rnri u-
moment if thou no longer arousest any otitic, ' T * * ^ tlacclia: auh ^ mda

^ X & u r p o s e wilt t h o u ' s c r v c ' ^ « - * *

this, O my son: be very careful on earth. Auh injn nopiltze: cenca moiolic in tlalticpac,
LiVC very calmly, very peacefully. Live not in filth, cenca iocuxca, cenca yvian in xinemj, maca can xitla-
QO not live in filth on earth. helnemj: ma titlahelnen in tlalticoac.

SB?
&
f
i>

1*

i
1

I
•
I

119
 Twenty-second Chapter. Here are told the admo-
nitions of the father, nobleman, or ruler, to counsel Ic cempoalli omome capitulo, vncan mjtoa: in
his son regarding prudence in public, and how to Jtenonotzalizdatol in tetatzin in pilli, ano^o tlatoanj:
sleep, to drink, to eat, to talk, and how to dress. And injc qujnonotzaia ipiltzin, in jtechpa in nematiliztli
he told him never to eat anything from the hands of m teixpan: auh in quenjn cochiz, atliz, tlaquaz, da-
the whores, the harlots, because they feed one, they toz, ioan in quenjn raotlalpiliz: ioan qujlviaia, in
cause one to drink the bad food, their potions. ma yea inmac tlaqua in cioadaveliloque, in avianjme:
īehica ca qujtequaltia, qujteitia: in amo qualli tla-
qualli inpaio.
"Behold still a word to finish my talk. Perhaps I
shall deceive if I have hidden a word left by our fore- Oc izca cencamatl, ic onaci in nodatol: ach ac ic
fathers as they departed, in order that thou mayest njcqueloz, intla cencamatl njctlati, in concauhteoa-
dwell with others on earth, in order that thou mayest que totechiuhcaoan: injc tetlan timonemjtiz daldc-
be prudent in all things, in everything. pac, vel timjmatiz in jpan muchi, in jpan ixqujch.

"First: thou art to be one who riseth from sleep, Injc cendamantli: ticochi$anj, tixto^oanj dez: amo
one who holdeth vigil through the night. Thou art ticmotequjmacaz in cochiztli, injc amo titoloz, titoca-
not to give thyself excessively to sleep, lest it will be iodloz: ticochipilod, dcochipichi, ticochmjmjl, tico-
said of thee, lest thou wilt be named a heavy sleeper, chiztli: iooac timeoaz, iooalli dqujtztoz, telciciviz,
one who goeth falling asleep, a constant sleeper, a tictzatziliz dctlaidanjliz in totecujo in tloque, naoa-
dreamer. By night thou art to arise, thou art to pass que, in iooalli, ehecad: auh toconcujtivetziz in och-
the night awake, thou art to sigh, to cry out to, to panalli, ticmocujdaviz ipan tixto^oz, ipan ti?atoz in
make demands of our lord, the lord of the near, of tlenamacdi.
the nigh, the night, the wind. And thou art to turn
quickly to the sweeping, thou art to take care as thou
art to hold vigil, as thou art to arise, in the offering
°f incense. ,
"And second: thou art to be prudent in thy travels; Auh injc vntlamantli: timjmatiz yn ipan .mone-
peacefully, quietly, tranquilly, deliberately art thou nemjliz, ivian, iocuxca, matca, damach in tiaz, in
^ go, to take to the road, to travel. Do not throw toy totlatocaz, — 9 in tinenemjz:
— amo cenca tocontepeoaz,
amo
f «t much, nor raise thy feet high, nor go jumping, in mocxi, amo no cenca ticahacocujz in mocxi,

»«t it be said of thee, lest thou be named fool, sham no tichocholotiaz: injc amo titoloz, titocaiotiloz tix-
totomac, ticuccuetz: amo no cencan moiolic in tine-
'«s-1 Neither art thou to travel very slow y,
nemjz, amo no tiqujnvivilanaz in mocxi: ynjc amo
thy feet, lest it be said of thee that t h o u art mopan mjtoz tivilaxpul tixocotcxpul, teticapul: injc
dr*gger, thou art a lout, thou art a fat one; lest i
amo mopan mjtoz titlatlaztimjnjtincmj, tiqujqujmi-
of thee that thou goest waddling, that thou goe chintinemj: injc amo no ticamanalli timocucpaz,
>'k< a mouse; also tat thou turn thysel .nto an ^ titoloz: timjmjxiuhcancncmj, amo no tiqucquecin-
* Vision, incline thy head, travel like a p«g ncnemjz, amo tixoxotlamatiz, amo timocuecuelotiaz,
w°man* N
or art thou to go trampling, tno
qujere dezir, persona que va mjrando, a diucrsas

va arrastrādo con los

S r r d ' n « Danish text: "los <ue no lo ^ auiere de*. P —
' '<>", y p„/ona ^ „, a M o sin honesttdad, y « " •

disen de los que van muy ^ ' ^ t L . de " " "

q e anda <omo persona pesada, y como persona que no puea ^^^

not to seem like a firefly, not to strut, not to bustle
about, lest it be said of thee that diou art only an old
thing, that thou art shameless.
"Also thou art not to hang thy head, not to i n c l i n e
thy head much, not to stand up off balance, not to
look sideways, not to look out of the corner of the
eyes, lest it be said of thee that thou art an i m b e c i l e ,
very much a commoner, that thou hast not been
counseled, that thou art very much an orphan, that
thou bringest thy orphanhood upon thyself.
"Third: thou art to speak very slowly, very delib-
erately; thou art not to speak hurriedly, not to pant,
nor to squeak, lest it be said of thee that thou art a
groaner, a growler, a squeaker. Also thou art not to
cry out, lest thou be known as an imbecile, a shame-
less one, a rustic, very much a rusde. Moderately,
middlingly art thou to carry, to emit thy spirit, thy
words. And thou art to improve, to soften thy words,
thy voice.
"Fourth: thou art to pretend not to dwell upon
that which is done, that which is performed. Espe-
cially art thou to depart from, to forsake evil. And
thou art not to peer at one, not to peer into one's face,
not to stare at one. Thou art not to peer into the face,
at the head of —not to stare at —the esteemed one;
especially a woman; much less at someone's wife, for
it is said he who stareth at, who peereth into the face
of another's wife, with his eyes committeth adultery,
and that some they there imprisoned, punished.
"Fifth: Guard, take care of thy ears, of that with
which thou hearest. Do not gossip; let what is said
remain as said. Ignore it. Pretend not to understand
the words. If thou canst not ignore it, respond not.
And speak not; only listen; let what is said remain
as said. And when something is said, if something
evil is told there, that which meriteth imprisonment,
that which meriteth death, and on thee — i f thou
dost withdraw with others, if thou actest foolishly
with others, especially if thou lendest a word, if thou
speakest among o t h e r s - o n thee it will be laid-
[then] thou wilt expiate the words of others thou
wilt atone for others, and thou wilt be taken * o u
wilt be seized, and furthermore thou wilt h ,
oned. It is said, because of t h i r d s will h J T T
there will be defending there S h
he whose words they Z l z l T ™ 8 ' A n d
he remaineth thereby v.m n 7 PCrhaPs
content. But
122
amo timotlatlacuechinjtiaz: injc amo mopan mjtoz,
ca gan titleinpul, ca ticuecuetz:
amo no tiquechpilcatiaz, amo cenca titoloz, amo
timonacacicquetztiaz, amo a vie titlatlachixtiaz, amo
tinanacaztlachixtiaz: injc amo mopan mjtoz ca tixo
lopitli, ca titequjmaceoalli: ca acententli, ca acen-
camatl titlamactli, titequjicnopilpul: ca motequjic-
nopillo timaitia.
Injc etlamantli: cenca moiolic in titlatoz, cenca
ticnematcaviz: amo ticiuhcatlatoz, amo ticicaz, am0
no tipipitzcaz: injc amo mopan mjtoz, ca tiqujqujn-
ton, tiqujqujnapil, ca tipipitzton: amo no titzatziz,
injc amo tixolopitli, tixtotomac, timjllacatl, titequj.
mjllacatl ipan timachoz: $an tlaco, $an tlanepantla
in ticvicaz, in ticqujxtiz in mjhijo in motlatol: auh
ticqualtiliz, ticiamanjliz in motlatol, in motozquj.
Injc nauhtlamantli: amo ticmolvicanenequjz in
tlein muchioa, in tlein aioa: oc cenca iehoatl in amo
qualli: timjquanjz, titlatlalcaviz. Auh amo titehit-
taz, amo teixco titlachiaz, amo titececemjttaz: amo
ijxco, icpac titlachiaz, amo ticcecemjttaz in mavizti:
oc cenca ie in cioatl, oc cenca iequene iehoatl in tcci-
oauh: ca mjtoa, teixtlaxima in aqujn qujcecemjtta,
ixco tlatlachia in tecioauh: auh ca cequj vncan oac-
tiaque, oqujtzacutiaque.
Injc macujllamantli: xicpia, xicmalhvi in mona-
caz, in motlacaquja maca xitlatolmocujcujtlavi: in
tlein itolo, ma ie itolo: xitlatlalcavi, maca xicmocac-
canenequj in tlatolli: intlaca vei titlatlalcavia maca
xitlananqujli: auh maca xitlato, $a£an xitlacaquj,ma j
ie itolo, in tlein itolo. In jquac tlatolo, intla ida
aqualli vncan mjtoa, in tlatzaqualonj, in tlamjcoanj: |
auh in tehoatl intla tetlan timjquanja, intla tetlan
timototochoa: oc cenca intla tonmocencamavia, intk
tehoan ton tlatoa: te motech motemaz, te motcch »
piz in tlatolli, te ticcenmamaz: auh te tonanov-
tontzitzqujloz: auh iequene, tehoatl tocontzacuo^
te m j t o a moca tlatenceviz, moca nemapatlaloz, ® ^
onnequjxtiloz: hace vnca, hace iectli ic ca: auh
pactica, in aqujn tlatolc: iece tehoatl njpa ti^rot0
oaltilo.
 "1"hus this is very necessary; thou art to be prudent
o my P rccious T D o n 0 t d i e ^ e w h e r e in vice ran, T ? "° n C q U j * ^jmatiz notlafopiltze ma
d0 not die somewhere in vain. Take good heed, take cana tavihnjc, m a c a n a dtlapicmjc, cenca tie ticmati,
cec to it that thine eyes are open. cenca moiolic: ma nen tonmjxcueionj.
care. ^ , . r

«Sixth: when thou art summoned, be not sum

Injc chiquacentlamandi: in tinotzaloz, amo oppa
moned twice, be not called twice. The veryfirstdme
in tinotzaloz, amo oppa in titzatzililoz: fan ccppa
thou art to arise responding, to arise quickly. If thou titlananqujliteoaz, dmoquetzteoaz: in tla dddanoz,
jrt to be sent as a messenger, thou art to run, to be timodaloz, dtzicujnjz: inda itla dcujtlanoz, ticcuj-
swift. If thou art ordered to get something, thou art tiuetziz,titzitzicujcatinemjz,tichocholodnemjz, acan
to get it promptly. Thou art to travel swiftly, to tetic: iuhqujn tehecad tinemjz, dtzicujcdctiez, auh
travel bounding, in no wise sluggish; like the wind fan ce monacaz dcchioaz: ca inda oppa otinotzaloz
art thou to go. Thou art to be diligent, and thou art o, ie tidaueliloc, ddatziuhquj, ticujtlatzol, dcujtla-
to do things at only one bidding, for if thou art twice nanaca ipan timachoz: anoce a timoxicollanj, timo-
summoned thou wilt be considered as perverse, lazy, poanj ipan tittoz: ic vncan o, in quaujd, in ted
languid, negligent, or thou wilt be regarded as one mutech paianjz.
disdainful of orders, as a haughty one. This is the
time when the club, the stone should be broken on
thee.
Injc chicontlamantli: injc timuchichivaz, injc timo-
"Seventh: as thou art to array thyself, as thou art
tJaqucntiz: amo timotopalquctzaz, amo dmoxanca-
to clothe thyself, thou art not to dress vainly, thou cnichioaz, amo motech dedaliz in topal tilmadi, in
ait not to array thyself fantastically, thou art not to topallaquemjd, in damachio: auh amo no iehoad
place on thyself the gaudy cape, the gaudy clothing, motech dedaliz, in tzotzomadi, in tatapatli, in
that which is embroidered. Neither art thou to put aiafolli: in ahaiavia, in avellamati qujtimaloa, in
on rags, tatters, an old loosely-woven cape. The un- qujmaccoalda, in qujlvilda totecujo: injc qujtla-
happy, the discontented, our lord honoreth with this, maceoalda, in jcnotlacad, in nentlacatl in haiavia, in
giveth as merit, giveth as one's lot, so that he causeth avellamad, in toneoa, in chichinaca, in ccnquavitl,
them to be the miserable, the useless, the unhappy, in cemjxtlaoatl tentimanj, in qujmjxtemolitinemj in
the discontented ones, to suffer tribulation, pain. The q u j l i t l , in q u a v i t l , in ciraad, in tlaneloatl: amo dc-
forest, the plains they completely cover; they go tlaieiecalviz, amo ica dmaviltiz, amo ica timaccoaz:
searching for the herbs, the wood, the wild bean ca t l a q u e q u e l o l i z d i qujtoznequj o.
[roots], the roots. Thou art not to imitate this, not
t0 take joy in it, not to find merit in it; for it is a
Injc timodalpiliz: amo timotlaxopeoallalpiliz, amo
matter of ridicule. This is what it meaneth. no dcddchoz in monedalpilil: fan vel ipan in timo-
"Thus art thou to tie on thy cape: do not de it on dalpiliz, amo noricpetonjzin macul: Ca in quachic:
50 that thou goest tripping over it; neither art thou in mjtoa iaodaucliloc, in fa imjqujz qujpopouhti-
shorten thy cape. Moderately art thou to tie it on. nemj- ioan in tlaquetzquj, in at tedavevetzquju,
art thou to expose thy shoulder. The quachtc ; n at nofo m a c e u h q u j : ioan in iollodavcl.loc, muchi
the Called furious in war, he who goeth c o n f i d e n t l y ouicuitiuetzi in tilmadi, in fa?o quenam, dadav.Iana,
^countering his death, and the entertainer and per- dadaxopeoa, tlaqucquelotinemj, daxocotmcm, icia-
>pcoa, naqut^w^—-
tlatlaxopc ; acullapctonjnncmj, xoxotla-
^Ps the buffoon, or perhaps the dancer and the maa cacpa d a q u j x t i t i n e m j , a c u l l a p e t o n j t i n e m j ,
°ne> all snatch the cape of whatever kind; they drag m a t i x o x o q u a p p i t z n e n e m j , qujvivilana yn jcxi, mo-
*f el,etr y' / npoverover it; they go m ^ i n g ,,,^ ncnccujhnuh
[
go i nit; they go about
c o n c e i t c j c a j in nenemj: auh in jcac cocoiactiq,
they go drawing
^ lWjstinr> » 1U-C1S graccica*, — ft to die arm p * . . . : n a c a z : auh īxachchi in jcacmecaiouh
^
SfndaJ, they go in conceit, graceless,
t U r n i n S 35 tbey traVcLdragging
And the f V,U' Z AuhTtchoad: muchipa ximjmau in dl-
' C W l d c and long, the straps dragging, and v.vdaxnc. A h J^. ^ ^
. - - 1 j-orrcririg. math, in cacm.
«e wide and long, tne n ^ r " f i g g i n g - di, muchi colotic, in motech xictlal,. \
r , r excessively long sandal thongs [also] drag*
But for thee, be thou always prudent as 123
 cape, the sandals; placc on thee that which is always
good, proper, all fine.3
"Eighth: Listen! Above all thou art to be prudent Injc chicuetlamantli: xiccaquj, oc cenca iequene
in drink, in food, for many things pertain to it. Thou ipan timjmatiz in atl, in tlaqualli, ca uel mjiec tla-
art not to eat excessively of the required food. And mantli yn jpan ca: amo titequjtlaquaz, cochcaiotl,
when thou dost something, when thou perspirest, neuhcaiotl in monequj: auh in tiitla ay, in timjtonja
when thou workest, it is necessary that thou art to in titlatequjpanoa: ca monequj titenj^az. Qan ic
break diy fast. Furthermore, the courtesy, the pru- izcatquj in nematcaiotl, in nematiliztli: in jquac
dence [thou shouldst show] are in this wise: when titlaquaz, amo ticiuhtoz, amo tixtomaoaz, amo ixach-
thou art to cat, thou art not to be hasty, not to be chi ticcujz, tictlapanaz in motlaxcal: amo ixachchi
impetuous; thou art not to take excessively nor to in mocamac ticaqujz, amo ticpepetztoloz, amo tix-
break up thy tortillas. Thou art not to put a large metzotoz in titlaquaz,
amount in thy mouth; thou art not to swallow it
unchewcd. Thou art not to gulp like a dog, when
thou art to eat food.
• h.lrintoz amo timeheltepotlamjtoz: 5an
"Thou art not to let thyself choke on the food, not
to strangle. Thou art to drink, to eat slowly, calmly, ^ " n e m a t c a in tathz, in titlaquaz:
quiedy. Thou art not to stir up the pieces, not to moiolic, $an ' titlamatatacaz in molca-
dig into the sauce bowl, the basket. Take care lest a m 0 ^ U h c , vncan mopan „al,aZ
the choking on food, the strangling, should befall S t o a l i z t l i , in neeUepodamjUzdi quen nemi
thee there. How hath it come about that thou hadst " ' „;ri in odaqualoian timemelaoaouea, in
caused laughter at the place of eating? Quickly S S S T X ic mjtzquelozque, ixachi mjtztlatl,
hadst thou fallen to the ground if thou hadst choked. Hlizoue in tlein velic, ca no 9 a timozcalia: auh ca
And they would mock thee for it; a great quantity no^otixixicujn,tontlalvitoz in titlaquaz: ne tonmc
of that which is savory they would arrange for thee,
xujtiz, ca nocic titlatlatto.
for thou wouldst yet nourish thyself. But because
thou wert a glutton, thou wouldst fall to the ground
when thou wert to eat. Rather, thou wouldst be
intemperate. Therefore also art thou a spectacle.
"And when already thou art to eat, thou art to Auh in ie titlaquaz, timomatequjz, timjxamjz,
wash thy hands, to wash thy face, to wash thy mouth. timocamapacaz: auh intla cana tetlan titlaquaz,
And if somewhere thou art to eat with others, do not amo teoan timotlalitiuetziz in tlaqualoian: tocon-
quickly seat thyself at the eadng place with others. cujtiuetziz, in nematequjlatl, in nematequjlcaxitl,
Quickly thou wilt seize the wash water, the wash- titematequjz: auh in ontlaqualoc, toconcujtiuetziz
bowl; thou wilt wash another's hands. And when the in nematequjlxicalli, in nematequjlatl, titecamapa-
eadng is over, thou art quickly to seize the wash-
caz, titematequjz: auh titlacujcujz, tochpanaz in
bowl, the wash water; thou art to wash another's
vncan otlaqualoc: auh in tehoatl, in otitlaqua oc
mouth, another's hands. And thou art to pick up
[fallen scraps], thou art to sweep the place where ceppa t i m o m a t e q u j z , timocamapacaz, timotlancuj-
cujz.
there has been eadng. And thou, when thou hast
eaten, once again art thou to wash thy hands, to wash
thy mouth, to cleanse thy teeth.
"In brief, these are as many words as I give thee as
Qan cuel izqujcamatl yn, in njmjtzmaca, in njjjj^
f C C h e a r ; as manV 'ie guarded, caqujtia in axcan: quexqujeh in mopixtoc t ^
hose to live by, those worthy of being guarded Ou nemoanj, in pialonj: in concauhteoaque ^ I
^ M h e o l d men, the „,d
chiuhcaoan in vevetque, in jlamatque, in
3. ipan is duplicated in the MS.

124
 . irf d ones, the white-headed ones, departed leaving
h m The many w o r d s - O that thou couldst later
J L them to heart!
«Right here are a word or two which merit being
nfccn, being guarded, being grasped, which our fore-
fathers went putdng in their coffers, in their reed
chests; for all courtesy, all prudence come from [and]
arc taken from this.
»Xhey went saying that on earth we travel, we live
along a mountain peak. O v e r here there is an abyss,
over there is an abyss. W h e r e v e r thou art to deviate,
wherever thou art to go astray, there wilt thou fall,
there wilt thou plunge into the deep. 4 T h a t is to say,
it is necessary that thou always act with discretion in
that which is done, which is said, which is seen,
which is heard, which is thought, 5 etc. And further,
behold, thou art to take care, thou art to go remem-
bering, not to swallow things carelessly; thou art to
leave a little. T h a t which thou wilt see, or whatever
is placed before thee, thou art not to eat quickly, for
on earth there are inhuman conditions. There are
inhuman people, evil ones, haters of men, who will
somewhere cause thee to swallow something in drink,
in food. Proceed cautiously with thine enemies, or
those who were thine enemies. Especially art thou
to proceed cautiously with, to live in fear of, the
women, above all the whores. T h o u art not to eat,
thou art not to drink the things offered. Such is said
of the evil ones, the disloyal, the agitators, those with
Nons. Some, it is said, seek revenge.
"This, it is said, is pleasurable; one [kind] causeth
one to discharge one's fluid when the whores, the
harlots cause one to eat it, swallow it, or drink it to
Provoke lewdness. T h i s endangereth one; and it is
Very
deadly because one is dried up. F o r it useth up
blood, our color, our oils; it useth up our mois-
^ ; it useth up the turpentine, the resin.
. "So. it is said, he who partaketh of the
15 Moderate, drinketh it moderately.
^ 7 he will have carnal access to perhaps four,
* H s ten women. A n d to these women he ha
^ not only once with each one, but four or
^ ' - P o n d i n g Spanish text: "El cantjno
' " r a deste eomjno. no podemos, »no
• * * ^
• ^acoaxl.. cf. Dibble and Anderson. Florentine
• ^ « p o n d i n g Spanish text:
a m j i c c * -
t z o X T CCmendi' ccncamatl pialonj, tzi-
A ! ' i n w , in jnpetlacal qujehiuhtiv' tote-
chiuhcaoa: ca muchi itech quj^a, muchi itech mana,
m nematcaiod, in nematiliztli.
Conjtotivi, ca tlachichiqujlco in dvi, in tinemj tlal-
ticpac, njpa tlanj, njpa tlanj: in campa tonchicope-
tonjz, in campa tonchicoeoaz vmpa tonvctziz, vmpa
timotepexiujz, qujtozneq': moneq' muchipa raone-
matcachioaz in quexqujch muchioa: in mjtoa, in
motta, in mocaquj, in molnamj etc. Oc izca ioan
ticpiaz, tiqujlnamjcdnemjz amo iliujz titlacampaxoz,
amo fan titlacentocaz: in tlein tiqujttaz, in tlein
nofo mjxpan tlaliloz: amo ticquatiuetziz, ca amo
tlacapan in tlalticpac: ca onnemj in atlaca in tlaue-
liloque, in tecocolianj: vel cana itla mjtztololtizque,
in jpan atl, tlaqualli: intechcopa timjmatcancmjz
in moiaoan, anofo in moiaoan ocatca: oc cenca
iehoan intechcopa ivicpa timjmatcancmjz, ioan u-
mauhcanemjz in cioa: oc cenca iequene iehoan in
cioatlaueliloque: amo ticquaz, amo tiqujz in tet a-
mamactli: iuh mjtoa in amo qualli in amo cemelle,
tlanello, paio: cequj mjtoa tetlacuepih.
Injn qujl nepapacio, cequj temeialti in qujtequaltia
in qujtetololtia, in afo qujteitia cioatlaueliloque in
aujanjme, injc tlaelpaqujznequj: injn ca teuvitiii,
auh nel mjcoanj: ipampa ca tepatzcac, ca tlamj in
:fO, in totlapallo, in tochiaoaca ca taio tlamj, tlamj
tezfo
in oxiutl, in ocotzoiotl:
iuh mjtoa in momagacovavia qujxieiecoa, fan ix-
^ < f ' qujch quj, in afo navi, macujlli cioatl qujnamjqujz,
[If manofo matlactli: auh injn cioaf amo fan ccceppa
in jntcch aci: afo quen nanappa, mamacujlpa: auh
vecaoa in momaqacoavianj, intla eld, iciuhca
aiac
five ^
s e g u r o . p r o f u n d a
cay*, „ gQ
/ X Boo k xi.-^iy T h i n g 5 , p-
Co 'j ^ . . ?
*"n<", 125
 times with each one, more or less- And no one endur-
mjmjquj: injc mjquj vel oaaquj, vel malichavi, vel
cth. He who partakcth of the mafocoatl, if aggrev
pilinj, vel quequetotztzitzin muchioa, ixmalichpipil:
sivc, quickly dieth. As he dieth he becometh well
dried up, veritably a little lock of hair, having long
tufts of hair, locks of hair on the face.
"Perhaps he had been a mere child; perhaps he
endureth for some time; perhaps he liveth yet a
while; perhaps he continueth in the service of our qu,n ach, qu.oalmana , n m a m a l i c h -
lord. Eventually he is only little old eyes, only little % — , iacacujtJapilopil, quech-
locks of hair, tufts of hair, very white, nasal mucus
S i X u : <» ppUcac in jnacaio, iciuhca onmjqu,.
hanging, trembling of neck; his flesh only hangeth
in wrinkles; he quickly dieth.
"Guard thyself well, O my son. Perhaps someone Vel ximopia nop.ltze: at aca itla mjtzmaca in
giveth thee something to be eaten, to be drunk. If qualoni, in ioanj: intla itech tichicoiolloa, ma oc l c
thou art suspicious of him, let him eat first, let him achto conj, ma oc ic achto conqua in tlein mjtzmaca:
drink first that which he giveth thee. Pay attention.
dc Dcmati xonmjmatnnem, m tlalticpac, ca oticcac
Continue with caution on earth, for thou hast heard
Ln ?an tlanepantlacaiotl monequj.
that moderation is necessary/'

126
 Twenty-third Chapter. Here is told what the
natives did when they would have their sons marry. k j c cempoalli vmei c a n i h ,
tlein qujehioaia in njcan tW a ^ mitoa: *
t * q u e in jnpilhoan ^ *,qU3C ic <Wnnamjc-
Here is related how the natives sought wives.
When one's mother, one's father already saw that
their youth was already matured, already strong, then omacic in ie c h i « « qU,tta m ,ntclPuch ic
they assembled, they consulted with one another. notza C: n,man m^ndalia in mono-

[The father] said: "Poor is this, our youth. Let qujtoa. Motolinia injn totclpuch: ma cana ticci-
us seek a woman for him, lest he somewhere do oadanjean, ma cana ida qujchiuh: ma cana cueid
something. He may somewhere molest a woman; he vipilh tepan ca, m a cana tepan ia: ca ie iuhquj ca
may commit adultery. For it is his nature; he is omacic. n

matured."
Thereupon they summoned their youth; they Niman ie ic qujnotza in jntelpuch imjxpan qujtla-
placed him before them. [The father] said to him: lia, qujlvia: ca njcan dca in rinotelpuchtzin, ca izcat-
"Thou art here, thou who art my youth. Behold, we quj tiqujtoa, ic dnendamati motechcopa: timotolinja
talk because we are concerned regarding thee. Thou ca ie duhquj, y, ca odmacic, ca dqujtoa: ma tirajtz-
poor one, already thou art this way, for thou hast cioatlanjcan, ma ximotlanaoatili, ma ximotladalca-
matured. We say: 'Let us find thee a woman. Seek vili: ma qujmocaqujtican yn tiachcaoan, in telpuch-
permission: take leave. Let the masters of the tlatoque.
youths,1 the rulers of the youths learn of it.' "
Auh in jntelpuch, njman qujnnanqujlia. Oan-
And their youth then replied to them: "Ye have
nechmocnelihque, odacauhquj in amoiollotzin, in
shown me favor, ye have inclined your hearts; in my
noca anmotequjpachivida, in noca in amonendama-
khalf ye have suffered anguish, in my behalf ye have chitia: cocolizdi namechnocujtiliz, temuxtli, ehecad
Jeered affliction. I shall inflict sickness upon you, n a m e c h n e c a v i l d l i z : ma muchioa, in juh anqujmone-
I shall visit you with sickness and pestilence. May
qujltia: ca no iuh qujnequj in noiollo, macueliehoad
II haPPen as ye desire, for so also are the desires of
ma toneoa, chichinaca in noiollo: macueliehoad, ma
mV heart. Oh, may it be that my heart suffer pain, nocotta in temacauhdcan daldcpac: can nel njda-

^ction! Oh, may it be that I behold the dangerous

plac«on earth! Where shall I go to experience it ? m N>man ie ic tamaloa, cacaoatexo, muchichica in

en tamales were prepared, chocolate was I nuicova telpuchtepuzdi, in quauhtecon,, in

Q) sauces were prepared. They bought youths J o on Niman ie fc qujnnotza in uachcaoan,
quauhxelolonj. qujndamaca, qujm-
Xes - cutters of wood, splitters of wood. Then they
jn telpuchtlat^n^man q , ^ ^
Vo!r ned A e «^ter S of the youths, the rulers of the a m a c a , q u i m j i e•m a c a .onmotlalia
aunm^ ^ ^ ^
in vevetque,
. da-
T h e n ^ey served them food, served them

k T ' 8ave them smoking tubes. And when they Txilacaleque, , 1 T i nin a ^ M - iB,iXPa" C"ntKa

When had taken drink, thereupon he telpuchtepuzdi.

^ M old men, the guardians of the quarters, th
t y J* 5 0 f the boundaries seated themselves; and , js m«nt. See Anderson latter
.his context, the W W
the youths' axes before them. m a s t e r of youths.'
In

'cider brother" and J

^ ' Z k C t t
r ° r : tiachcauh a p p l i e s to ^ J l
' Ptor""ine Codex, Book III, " T h e Or.g.n of the ^
 Niman ie ic ontlatoa in vcvetque: qujtoa. Ca njcan
Thereupon [one of] the old men spoke: he said
anmonoltitoque in antopilhoan in antelpupuchtin,
[to the leaders of the youths]: "Ye arc here present,
in antequjti, in antlacoti: amechmotlapololtiliz yn
ye who arc our sons, ye who are youths, yc who have
amotiachcauh, ca oncalaqujzncquj in xomolco, onca-
labored, yc who have worked. Your youth3 will dis-
laqujznequj in cuetitlan, in vipiltitlan: ca njcan
quiet you, for he wishcth to withdraw; he wisheth to
catquj in tclpuchtepuztli, injc tlatzicuevalo: injc
enter the company of women. Verily, here are the tlatzontequj in mexica.
youths' axes in order that he be separated; thus is die
judgment of the Mexicans/ 4 5 Niman ie ic tlacuepa, in telpupuchti: qujtoa. Oan-
Thereupon [the master of] the youths responded; qujnmocnelilique in amopilhoan: ca njcan qujeen-
he said: "Ye have shown favor to your sons. Here cuj, qujcencaquj in amopilhoan: ca ie ixqujch, ca ie
your sons comprehend all, hear all. This is enough. ic cenmaian qujncaoa in telpupuchti in oc cemjlvi-
Verily, he leavcth forever the youths [and] their tzintli inoan ontequjt, ontlacotic intachcaoan:
leaders with whom for a little time he hath worked,
hath labored."
njman ie ic vi in tiachcaoan, qujtquj in tepuztli.
Then the masters of the youths departed bearing
the axes.
Niman ie ic ^atepan mocentlalia in jxqujehtin
Then, later, all the kinsmen [of the youth] assem-
ioaiulque: nenonotzalo, nepanotl nettitilo in ac ic
bled. There was consultation with one another; there
cioatl qujtlanjzque: auh in omocemjto in ac iehoatl
was consideration as to which woman they would
cioatzintli in mjtlanjz. Auh in jlamatque in cioadan-
request. And when they had become of one accord
as to which woman would be requested, the old que, oc uellavizcalpan in quj^a in jchan: $an oc
women, the matchmakers, while it was yet early qujnoalnavatia in jchpocheque.
morning, passed to her home. They urgently solic-
ited the parents of the maiden.
Then the matchmakers took their leave; they said: Niman ie ic on tlacuepa in cioatlanque, qujtoa: ca
"Once again, early in the morning, we shall come by; oc ceppa ioatzinco in tioalquj^azque, amo titocaoaz-
we shall not remain." Then the next day, once again, que: njman imuztlaioc, oc ceppa veca tlavizcalpan in
very early in the morning, they passed by; they went quj^a, in vi ichan cioatl: $an no ivin qujnoalnaoatia.
to the home of the woman. They solicited [the par-
ents of the maiden | in the same manner.
And when it was already the fourth day, [the par- Auh in ie ic navilhvitl, qujnvalilvia: Amechmoto
ents of the maiden] said to them: "The maiden hath linjlia in jchpochtontli: tie ic qujmjxcuepilia in
caused you trouble. To what purpose doth she de- toquauh, in tocelouh: ca onavac in jtlaoan, in javi-
ceive our humble man? 4 For her uncles, her aunts van: ma oc qujcencaquj can, quen conjtozque: auh
arc in agreement. May then all learn what they will ma oc no qujcaquj in jchpochtontli: oc ceppa muz-
say, and may the maiden also hear of it. Once again tla anvalmovicazque, iveliaca anqujmocujliqujvi.
on the morrow ye will comc; ye will come to hear
of her pleasure."5
And the next day, when the matchmakers had
Auh in jmuztlaioc, in oiaque cioatlanque: ptfa-
gone, deliberately, in tranquility, there was consul-
tation. 1 here was no one who disputed; there was mach, 5a ivian in nenonotzalo: aocac tlachalanja,
no one who spoiled the discourse. When an amicable aocac qujtlacoa in tlatolli in oneiecnonotzaloc. Niman
ie lc W 0 * , in jchpucheque. Ca ie qualli, ma tlaicic
2. SEE N. 1.

J^. C T P O a < W "-W « * « * hacha „ teūal d

Cf. Olmos, op. rf, p. 2 1 2 . ' ' C0W ° " ^ " * - < * * » « " — * " *

Corresponding Spanish text- " p e r o p

128
 ^ c n t bad been reache^thereupon the parents
f?maiden said: "It is good. May it be consum-
* { Will she move the humble one, the unem
meaozque in iuhnn" u ^enmanjan in juhquj
S S t h e u n s f^ n e d o n e ? A nd if at times
f L nacaz ] ^ ^ a t o n c o a z ' a chichi "
b; will be poor, [if] her heart will suffer pain and
v
Duchtoml ,qUCn ^i^tlachieltil, in jch-
Action, how will he regard the maiden? Will she puchtontli, cu,x ie vel itla ai, cujx ie itla vel qujehioa.
Jerhaps P e r f o r m s o m e t h i n g ? W i l 1 she perhaps do
something?"
fhen they said to the parents of the youth: "Rest
your bodies. Learn when the union can occur." Niman ie ic qujmjlhvia in telpucheque. Ma oc
xicmocevilican in amonacaiotzin: ma oc concaquj-
And the [youth's] old men then sought out when can in jqujn vel onmuchioaz in nenepanoliztli.
it would be, which one was a good day. And when Auh in vevetque: njman ie qujtemoa in jqujn iez,
they had learned the good day, then they went to in cadeoad qualli tonalli: auh in oqujttaque qualli
give the information; they told the maiden's parents tonalli, njman ie ic vi tlanonotzazque: qujmjlhvia
when this would be: the proper day. They said the
in jchpucheque. Ca iquac iez in: iehoatl ipan in
tonalli: Qujl in qualli tonalli: iehoatl in acad, CKJU-
good days were Reed, Monkey, Crocodile, Eagle,
matli, cipactli, quauhtli, calli. Niman ie ic ncchichi-
House. Thereupon there were preparations: the
oalo, nenexquetzalo, cacaoapinolli muchioa, xuchi-
ashes were prepared, ground cacao was prepared,
tlano, acaquaujtl mocoua, ijetlalli muchioa, raolcaxitl
(lowers were secured, smoking tubes were purchased, mocoua, ioan ?oqujtecomatl, ioan chiqujujd: njman
tubes of tobacco were prepared, sauce bowls and ie ic texoa, xocotextli apaztica momamana: njman
pottery cups and baskets were purchased. Then ie ic tamalolo, ceiooal in nemoa, aSo eilvitl, ano?o
maize was ground; leavening was set out in basins. omjlhvitl in tamaloa cioa, iuh qujtoa ce.oal: cenca
Then tamales were prepared. All night they were 9an achiton in concochi, in jmjxtlan onqutfa.
occupied; perhaps three days or two days the women
made tamales. So they passed the night. That which
transpired in their presence let them sleep very little.
And the day before [the marriage] was to take
Place, there were invitations to banquet: first those tecoanotzalo achtopa i ho ^ n ^ ^ u

who were illustrious, the lords, the captains, the sea-

led warriors, and those who guided the groom, » m : t t

and the moderately matured youths, those same naliuhcaiaca, ioan in qan i c h o a n tin in nacn
P U n ie intech ompovr. njman
m ,x-
at5°ng whom [the groom] belonged, and then those

7 were the masters of the youths, the rulers ot qujehtin in teoaiu q

youths; then those who were all the kinsmen ot itechcopa cioatl. tlapaHuhcati in
tie
and of the woman.
And w C " : " - w u a i i . Auh ia
! 0ll)arr y the h-!l ad d a w n e d ' hen the groom was
w

J V thcrcun und the bride was t o marfy the

oqujchtli : ; o a n - t z a l , Achto a ^
f ^C of th C m v i t e d S^ests entered. First P

> d . tyhJ\ youths, the masters of the youths

- thQy were fed, they drank only choc-
Iquc. And at middai
oi if. uiey were tea, tney ^ idday *tethmaco, ^m *—
Auh in cioatzitzinti 0 in conjtquj: m hl* _
8iv
%1 e* afor
> 35 UndenzT n t o w ive
" x nfood,
they drank no&pulque- en e n t e r e d T o eacf
to give drink, chto * ncp
in la*
aca aiatl, team u, n » noclaca,
old men, the old women entered^ ^ T o ea
w tct ^i n nin tacai tcquachdi:
conjtq
. . auh if anucticnodaca,
fan daultzindi: decujlixquac in qujdaliaia in jxqujch
« was undertaken to give food, to ^ d
C e n ^ e - rb . eann g, some ooff them,
tobacco-
maguey
A n d
fiber teicnelilli. Auh in vevetque, ioan ilamatque, qujn-
t ^ers, to give tubes of
fl i— ——»- a
tlaoonda: auh in tlaoancaxitl, injc tlaoanaia, cenca
> came beanng, some of s; some
J ? *>me of them, coarse maguey { gra ms
V small capes; and we poor people t h c17.9
* They placed all the
 hearth. And they caused the old men, the old £an tcpiton in tiilcaxtontli: in aca qujia ecaxitl, in
women to become besotted. And the drinking bowl aca nauhcaxitl, in aca macujlcaxitl: ic vncan onaci
with which they became besotted was very small: die in quja, injc ivintia in vcvetque, in jlamatquc: auh
little black bowl. Some drank three bowls, some four in qujia iehoatl in aoctli in tlachioaloctli.
bowls, some five bowls. This was sufficient to drink
in order for the old men, the old women to become
besotted. And that which they drank was yellow
pulque, honeyed pulque.6
•wo tonatiuh: njman ic ic caaltia
And when the sun went hanging low, then they Auh in ommopiloto l i v i t i c a in jmac, in
in cioad, camov ia , qujpotom a ^ yn ^ ^ ^
bathed the woman; they washed her hair with soap;
they pasted her, arm and leg, with red feathers, and jicxic,ioan ^ » x ^ a ^ ixa0aia.Auh in oc6cen-
bedizened her face with pyrites. But if one was still puchtli, t e c o ^ a u h U ' c o n t l a l i a tlecujlixquac, petlapan:

somewhat a girl, they bedizened her face with yel- cauhque: n,man z a i n v e v e t q u c , qujtlapaloa,
njman ie ic qui
low.7 And when preparations had been completed,
quellaquaoa:
then they placed her before the hearth upon a reed
mat. Thereupon the [youth's] old men addressed
her, greeted her, animated her.
•ivia Nochpuchtze ca njcan timoietztica, ca
They said to her: "O my daughter, thou art here.
moca veveti, moca ilamati, in monanoan m motaoan:
For thy sake thy mothers, thy fathers have become
moca ' . c i n t e c h t o m p a c h m in )lamatque: le
old men, old women. Now thou approachest the
toconpeo'altia in jlamanemjliztli: axcan xiccencaoa
old women; already thou commencest the life of an
n.nillotl in coconeiutl: aiocmo tiuhqujn tipiltonth
old woman. Forever now leave childishness, girlish-
d c z a i o c m o iuhqujn ticonetontli tiez: vel xiteixtili
ness; no longer art thou to be like a child, no longer
art thou to be like a girl. Be most considerate of one; xitemauhcaitta: vel xitlato, ve xitet apalo: looalb
regard one with respect, speak well, greet one well. xiqujtzto, xicmocujtlavi in tlachpanaliztli, in tleda-
By night look to, take care of the sweeping, the lay- liliztli veca iooan ximeoa, m a titechpinauhti, ma
ing of the fire. Arise in the deep of night. Do not dtechvevedaz: m a tiqujmjlamatlaz in monanoan:
embarrass us; do not reject us as old men, do not auh cujx oc mjtzalmati in mocolhvan, in mocioan:
reject thy mothers as old women. And perchance thy ca ie nachca mandvi, ca ie oqujntlad in tloque naoa-
grandfathers, thy grandmothers still acknowledge que,
thee, for already they have gone beyond; already the
lord of the near, of the nigh, hath hidden them. 8
"Thou poor one, animate thyself, for already thou timotolinja ma ximellaquaoa: ca ie ic ticcencaoa
forever abandonest thy mother. No longer art thou in monantzin, aocmo itzcaliujz in moiollo, aocmo
to incline thy heart; no longer art thou to recognize tiqualmauz in monantzin, in motatzin, ca ie ic cen-
thy mother, thy father, for thou abandonest them maian tiqujnmocavilia: tie ticmatcatzintli noch-
completely. Pay close attention, O my daughter." puchtze.
Then the woman replied. She wept much; she N i m a n ie ic tlacuepa in cioatzindi: cenca mock
was saddened. She said [to the one who had spok- qujlia, motlaocoltia: qujmjlvia. Noteco, tla^odtlaa
en]: "My lord, precious persons, ye have shown me
oannechmocnelilique, otlacauhquj in amoiollotzin:
favor, ye have inclined your hearts. I shall impose
cocoliztli namechnocujtiliz, temuxtli, ehecatl n*
sickness upon you. I shall visit you with sickness
mechnecaujltiliz: ca njcan njcnocujltonoa, njenoda-

t K "I"
6. On pulque or octli, see Chap. 14, n. 5. Aoctli is identified as " y e l l o w w i n e " in Dibble a n d Anderson, Florentine Codex, Bool- * ^
People," p. 150. In Molina's Vocabvlario, Spanish-NahuatI section, fol. 117«/, vino del miel is aoctli, and vino con mu ^ ^ « f
N i h u a t l - S p a n i s h section, aoctli
semciante. ( f o l . 6v) is vino hecho de miel y agua, and tlachiualoctli (fol. 117f) i s vino de mie

7. Corresponding Spanish text: "ponjanlas vnos poluos amarillos, que se llaman tecofahujtl "

8 . Ibid.: "mjra hija, que no auergucnceys, q no deshonrreys, a los

no os an de ven/r a dezir, lo aue ot —
que ot cum air , 101 somos vuestros padres, y madres. vfos abuelos. q»e y«
cumple, porque son y a Jefunctos. nosotros lo dezimos en su nombrc...."

130
 j p e s t i l e n c e . Here I have enriched myself; I have
machtia in amotenaiotzin ;
3n pered by your motherhood, your fatherhood. Ye cauhquj i n amoiollotzin
oS
have inclined your hearts, precious persons."
Ancj when the day had ended, when there was yet
j little sun, then older relatives of the youth came to
take the daughter-in-law. All of them were old in cioamontli- can ™, u * canazque
women. When they had come to enter [the bride's
house], then they said: "We shall cause you to be
frightened, for we have come to take our daughter. q u i X i l i f " C t a n , 1 , C 0 m »
May she undertake the journey."
Thereupon [the relatives of the maiden] broke up;
njman ie ic tlatzomonj, neacomanalo: auh ce ite-
there was agitation. And a woman whose task it
qujuh catca in cioatl, in ie chicaoac, in qujmamaz:
was, one already strong, was to bear her upon her njman ie ic connaca ana in tlilquemjtl, ipan ommo-
9
back. Then she took a black manta by the corners. tJanquaquetza in cioamontli: niman ie ic commama:
The daughter-in-law knelt upon it, whereupon [the njman ie ic contlatia in tlepilli, ic neztiuh in ic ujco
woman] took her upon her back. Then the torches loqujchoacan: nenecoc mamantiuj in qujtlavilia:
were lighted to show that already she was borne to auh in jxqujehtin yoaiulque cioatl qujtepeujtiuj,
her man's place. They went ordered in two rows, cololujtiuj: iuhqujn tlalli cuecuetlaca icampa: auh
one on each side, as they provided her with light. in ie qujvica, iuhqujn cemjxtli ivic: muchi tlacatl
And all the woman's kinsmen went in concourse qujtta:
about her; they went surrounding her; it was as if
the earth rumbled behind her. And as they accom-
panied her, it was as if all eyes werefixedupon her;
all the people looked at her.
And some said to their daughters: "Oh, blessed is auh in cequjntin qujmjlvia in jmjchpuchvan. O
the maiden! Open thy miserable eyes. Thou canst quenmach amj y, in jchpuchtli: tla xonmjxtzaian-
not reflect. Thou art lazy in hearing the stern words; polo, in avel timonotzcapul, in amel ticcaquj in vapa-
thou art perverse in accepting the exhortations, the oac tlatolli, in $an avmpa ticcaquj in tenonotzaliztli,
indoctrination, the responsibility. Blessed is this in tlatconj, in tlamamalonj: quenmach amj yn, in
woman, for she is observant, she is reared, she under- cioatzintli, anca tlachie, anca muzcalia, anca tlacaquj:
amo qujmixtlafa, amo qujnueuetla$a in jnanoan, yn
standeth; she doth not dishonor, doth not reject her
itaoan.
mothers, her fathers as aged." Auh in ie uhquj, in ocaxitito in vmpa ichan
And when this was done, when they had gone to oqujchtli: njman qujtlalia, tlecujlixquac: njman ic
take her to the home of the man, then they placed ic no contlalia in joqujchvi, in vncan tlecujlixquac.
her before the hearth. T h e n they & c c d her Auh in ie neoan cate: in cihoatl ie tlaopuchcopa quj-
bridegroom there before the hearth. A n d wh«i ^ tlalia: auh in oqujchtli, imaiauhcampa in cioatl quj-
two were together, they placed the w o ^ o t t e k f c tlalia. Auh in jnan oqujchtli: njman ie iauh quj-
and they placed the man to the nght of the tlauhtiz in jcioamon, conaquja in vipilli: auh in jcue
And the L t h e r of the man then w . t t o ^ v e £ ixpan contlalia. Auh in jnan in cioatl: njman ic no
to her daughter-in-law She plac ^ ^ mocher iauh qujtlauhtiz, conjlpilia in tilmatli: auh in jmax-
but her skirt she placed before n _. ^ ^ a tli ijxpan contlalilia.
of the woman then also went to g> s ^ laced
cape on [the man], but h>s breech
before him. h makers 9 then tied them to- Auh in titici: njman ic ic qujnnetechilpia, conna-
And the elderly ™ a t C * ™ e r o f t h e man's cape; also ca ? ana in jtilma oqujchtli: no contilinja in jvipil
gether. They took the c ^ ^ ^ these cioatl: njman connetechilpia. Auh in jnan oqujch-
they drew up the woman s sn

9. Ibid, casome*""» " 1 3 1

 tli: njman ic iauh, qujcamapacaz in jcioamon: njman
together. And the man's mother then went to wash
c o n m a n a in tamalli, quauhcaxtica: ioan in molli in
her daughter-in-law's mouth. Then she set out
tlatonjlli molcaxxixipetztica mantiuh: njman ic ic
tamales in a wooden bowl, and sauce, [called] tlato-
conqualtia, nauhcamatl: ic iacattiuh in cioatl, in quj-
nilli, which went in a polished sauce bowl. Then she
qua nauhcamatl: fatepan qujqualtia in oqujchtli no
fed her four mouthfuls. The woman took the lead
nauhcamatl. Niman ic ic qujnquetza, qujncalaquja
in eating four mouthfuls; thereafter she also fed the
in tlccopa, qujmonteca in cioatitici: in oqujntecato
man four mouthfuls. Then the elderly female match-
njman ic ic qujmontzaqua: in oqujmontzacque, val-
makers stood them up, introduced them into a cham-
q u j f a in titici: auh in jlamatque vncan onoq Uc
ber, put them to bed. When they had gone to put
qujnpixtoque, tlavantoque, amo vivi in jnchan: ^n
them to bed, then they shut them in. When the
vncan tlatvilia.
elderly matchmakers had shut them in, they came
out, and [these] old women remained there; they
remained guarding them, remained becoming be-
sotted." They went not to their respective homes;
they just awaited the dawn there.
Auh in oacic navilhvitl: njman inpctl meoa, ithoel-
And when four days had passed, then their straw
nepantla qujtzetzeloa: fatepan contcca in pctlatl, in
mat was raised; they shook it out in the middle of
canjn vel cochizque: in jquac yn, oc no tlaqualo:
the courtyard. Later they placed the straw mat where
mjtoa: vcxiuhtlaoana: vncan monanaoatia in ve-
they were to sleep. At this time there was also eating;
xiuhti, njman ie ic viuj, momoiaoa, vivi in jnchan:
it was called uexiuhtlauanaThere the in-laws took
ie ijollo pachiuhtiuh, ie uel ietiuh in jiollo.
counsel with one another." Then they went their
ways, they dispersed, they each went to their homes.
They went already content; they went feeling good
in their hearts.
And also the [groom's] old women then admon- Auh ioan jlamatque: n j m a n qujnonotza, quj.
ished her; they counseled the daughter-in-law. They nanaoatia in cioamontli: qujlvia.
* '
Nochpuchtzin:
I 1 U4
- *- — — - - - •_ - ^ 11
1I _ •. ^ ^ A • •
said to her: "My daughter, thy mothers, thy fathers njcan mjtzellaquaoa, in monanoan, in motaoan;
encourage thee here. Unfortunate art thou; thou timotolinja ca itlan otonmaqujld, in juhquj in veitla-
fehast undertaken that which is like a great burden, a mamalli, in vei cacaxtli, in vel etic, in aeoaliztli: ma
large carrying frame, which is truly heavy, which xicmotiatlauhtili in totecujo, a?o uel achi amechmo-
I cannot be lifted. Pray to our lord that perhaps he toctiliz: in ma iuhquj antepetlecozque, a$o uel anquj-
may sustain you a litile. It is as if ye scale a moun- mopantlaxilizque: aca$o tie iquauhtzin, itetzin an-
rain; perhaps ye can reach the summit. Perhaps ye q u j m o n a m j c t i z q u e in totecujo: que ie dacaoaz, yn
will encounter the reprimand of our lord. How will jiollotzin: m a xicmotemachilican. Ca njcan catquj
he incline his heart? Put thy trust in him. Behold, mjtzmotiamjetilia in tlapalivi: macujltzin quachdi, ic
here the husband provideth thee with merchandise, tonmonentlamachitiz in tianqujznaoac: ictoconmo
five large cotton capes with which thou wilt nego- nextiliz in cochcaiutl, in neuhcaiutl: in chiltzindi, in
tiate at the market place, with which thou wilt pro-
jztatzintli, in o c o t z i n t l j : auh in cetzin quauhtlatza-
cure the sustenance, the chili, the salt, the torches,
iantzin, i n j c tonmotlapopuchilitiez, in vncan y, onda-
and some firewood, that thou mayest prepare food l3>
cauhtiuj y m o t e c h i u h c a o a n : ma xonmopilqujtw
Tins is as thy forefathers went bequeathing [theel
m a xonmotlalvitito, ca tonenejxcaujl in tlalticpac: «
Go diligently; g 0 covering thyself with dust; for t
aiac teca, ca ie ic timjtztocaujlia: de ticmomachiū3'

* — - - ''»»*» tuici (que „an m i n j n r < u d e l m a t r w [ s k ] ; ^ a k ^ , >

— W - bccomc intoxicated."
JZ* Corresponding Spanish text- " »

" TZ T Z , r " ' ' ^ Z I S Z Z L * r - — * " -» - ',

pofonia. qutavcy, de gujsar la comjda. "Drri^ r hrCOOB***
lvaūon of tonmotlapopuchilitiez is problematical; possibly it may * ^

132
 a. . of
-)f doing ^
u ^S ' eP" o n e a r t ^ > ' n o o n c " con-

t* •di one; for already we abandon thee. T a k e

cd wi
u-c"
(
heed o( this.
Then
lC also the woman s mother, his mother-in-law • N i m a n 1C n o V ^ m in tlapalivi, in cioad ynan-
kc
( to the groom: " T h o u art here; thou art our in jmonnan. Ca njcan tica in titoquauh, in titoce-
I c a ie titocozquj, ca ietitoquetzal,ca ie titoco
ogle,•our
J our ocelot; already thou art our precious neck
precious feather, our child. May [the mar
lire r— : — r — » — - 1 ... , netzin: maca^mo xommaujlmati, ca ie motlalticpac,
' j] not seem to thee as in jest, for already it is thy ca ie mjxeotian, ca ie cented in monemjliz, ca aiocmo
fncW] world, already it is thy [new] nature, already aviliez in moiollo, ca ie oticcauh in telpuchdavelilo-
^ life is another; for no more will thy heart be caiud in neivintilizdi, in vetzqujztli, in camanalli, ca
f „l ; for already thou hast left behind the evils of
ie titlapaltzintli: ma idan xonmaqujti in topilli, in
y o u t h - i n t o x i c a t i o n , laughter, scoffing; for already cacaxtli: ma mocujtlapan xocontlali in chilfolotl, in
thou art a married person." Exert thyself with the jztatapalcad, in tequjxqujtlaltzin, in mjchtlagultzin:
staff, the carrying frame. Place the strands of chili, ma xoconmodatoctih in aoacan, in tepeoacan: a
the salt cakes, the nitrous soil, the strings of fish on toneoaz, a chichinacaz in moiollotzin in monacaio-
thy back; travel from city to city. Torment, suffer- tzin: in texomolco, in tecaltech, in tetlatzacujlddan: a
ing will afflict thy heart, thy body, in another's cor- ticmjhijoujltiz inticmopanavilizin adauhtli, in tepe
in jxdaoad: atitonalciauhdaz,a tehecaciauhtiaz
ner, by another's wall, in another's portals.18 Thou
aticmopaccaihijoujldzin dcmoqualtiz in jtacaqua-
art to struggle when thou wilt cross the gorges, the
vaccatzindi, in totopucbtzindi, in jzqujtzindi: cujx
mountains, the plains. Thou art to suffer the heat,
ticmaxcaviliz in jtzopelica, in javiaca, in jtotonca, in
thou art to endure the wind. Thou art to suffer jiamanca in totecujo: cujx aca fan jxpan vetzi in
patiendy when thou art to eat the dried provisions, qujqua, in quj: ca amo axcaujlo, ca ucl ondam, in
the toasted tortillas, the parched maize. Wilt thou tlapahvizdi: injc motta in jtetlaocohl totecujo. Ca
perhaps acquire the sweetness, the fragrance, the ie ixqujch in ticmocaqujda: ca ie ic timjtztocaviha.
warmth of our lord?1* Doth that which someone
eateth, drinketh perchance just fall before him P Are
the necessities of life not procured by work ? Exhaust
well thy force to witness the mercy of our lord. This
is all thou must hear, for already we leave thee."

14. Corresponding Spanish text: "porque ya soys del estado de los casados, (que es dapaliuj)...
15. Ibid.: "dormjendo a los rincones. en las casas agenas. en las portadas de las cosas donde no conoceys...

16. Ibid.: "no penseys hijo. que de aquj adelante aveys de vtujr ? rregalos. y en delicadeces...
133
 twenty-fourth Chapter. Here is told that which Injc cempoalH onnavi cani„ .
fr natives d i d to inform their daughter when qujehioaia, in n j c ^ T ^ »
already she was pregnant.
When the child began to develop, when the baby
pas c o n c e i v e d , drink was prepared, a banquet was
arranged, food was prepared. Our leaders displayed i n f h p u c h ' - j c qujtemachidaia ' *
flowers, canes of tobacco. They assembled, they
gathered together the mothers, the fathers, the rela-
tives o f t h e woman [and] of the man.

First there was drinking, there was eating. Then itech o q ' u j i r ^ COa,U,qUC' ^ * * »
the man's old men, the white-haired ones, the white-
headed ones, seated themselves. [One of them] said: Achtopa aūl0a, daqualo: njman oalmodalia in
Ye have settled yourselves here; our lord, the lord vevetque, in jtech oqujchtli in tzonjztaque, in quaiz-
of the near, of the nigh, hath seated you here, ye who taque: qujtoa. Ca njcan anoalmouetzitia: aca njcan
are revered. I speak in the manner of the commoner. amechalmodalilia in totecujo, in doque, naoaque: in
Our lord hath assembled ye here, ye who are our in- amehoantzitzin in maceoallopan nondatoa, in anto-
laws, ye whom the lord of the near, of the nigh, the vexiuhtzitziooan ca njcan amechmoccntlalilia in tote-
night, the wind, hath accorded [life]; ye who pro- cujo: in amehoantzitzin in oc amcchmocavilia in
vide the shade, who provide the shadow; ye who tloque, naoaque in iooalli, in ehecatl: in oc amehoan-
conduct yourselves on earth as silk cotton trees, as tin amecauhioa, aceoalloa: in oc anpochome, amave-
^presses. Unto ye enter all who reside in the moun- veme anmuchiuhtimanj in tlalticpac, in amotlan-
tzinco mocalaquja, in ccnquaujrl, in cemjxdaoad
tains, o n the deserts — the common people, the hum-
manj, in cujtlapilli, in atlapalli, in jenoquauhdi, in
eagle warriors, the humble ocelot warriors. Unto jcnoocelutl, ca amotech oalmotzatzilia: auh ca amo-
tech oalmellaquaoa :
ye there is crying out, and from ye there is encour-
agement. at amo ivian ammoietzticate, tamechtotlapololti-
"Perhaps ye are without tranquility; we shall trou- lizque, tamechtodalcaoaldlizque, at ixachi, at amo
ble you, we shall embarrass you. Perhaps that which ramachiuhquj, at amo danquj in anqujmachililia in
ye administer for our lord is immense, i m m e a s u r a b l e , totecujo: auh in ad, in teped: auh ie ie in datqujd,
infinite. And ye [are concerned with] the city, and in tlamamalli: auh in daxilacalli. Tamechtodapolol-
with the load, the burden, the city s u b d i v i s i o n s . W e tilizquc: a ca njcan cententzin, ccncamatzin: achi-
shall trouble you, for here wc set before you a word tzin, amjxpantzinco ticdalia in amotcqujtzin, in amo-
0 r two, a trifle — your task, your affairs, your c r e d i t - mac'hiztzin, in amocaqujztcqujtzin: anqujmocujlia,
able works which ye grasp, which ye heed. anqujmocaqujda:
monoltitoque in vcvctque, m
a u h q u j m o c a q u j r i a in
"And let those who are here, the old men, the old jlamatque, in tzonjztaque, in quaiztaque: ca odao-
women, the white-haired ones, the w h i t e - h c a d e cux in jiollotzin in totecujo. A ca nclle axcan in
ones, hear itl Our lord hath shown his mercy, our piltontli, i n c o n c t o n d i , i n jchpuchtonth i n . N. ca
lord desireth now to show mercy to the g i " , q u j c n o m a t i z n e q u j i n totccujo: c o z c a t l , q u c t z a l l i ijtic
child, the maiden, N . ; he desireth to place withinher q u j m a q u j l i z n e q u j : ca oitlacauh, ca oitlacauhpilo in
a precious necklace, a precious feather; for the c i
135

hath conccivcd, hath bccomc pregnant; for it seem-
eth that our lord desireth to place life within her.
"And behold, verily, now, what doth our lord
desire? Perhaps some little thing is the desert, the
piltontli: anca iolilizdi ijtic q u j m a q u j l i z n e q u j in
totecujo. . .
Auh iz nelle axcan, aquen qujmonequjltia in tote-
• . c u j x itla yicnopil, cujx itla imaceoal in telpuch-
CUntli in tlapaltontii: auh cujx ida, imaceoal in amo-

merit of the youth, the young man. And perhaps
some little thing is the merit of your commoner, your
indigent person, N.1
"And those who already have gone to remain
beyond, who briefly, for a day, came to behold one,
the old men, the old women whom our lord hath
destroyed, whom he hath hidden, those who have
maceoal in amocnotlacauh in. N :
auh ie iehoantin in ie nachca onmantiuj, in ocuela-
chic in ocemjlvitl, teixco teicpac dachiaco; in vevet-
que' in jlamatque: in oqujnpolo, in oqujntlati ^
totecujo: in oiaque, in omotecato in atlan oztoc: in
o m o t c c a t o in m j c t l a n , in ie qujeevitoque. A CUjx

departed, those who have gone to reside in the water, nelle axcan, oc oallamati: ca oceniaque, caocmo ma_
in the cave, those who have gone to reside in the land cujl, matlac onqujfaqujvi: auh ma oc imjxpan, ca
of the dead, where they lie resting: verily are they iehoantin: a cententica, cencamatica, amechmotla-
perchance now still concerned? For they have all tlauhtilizquja:
departed, not even for a little while to come forth.
Yet may it still be in their presence that with a word
or two they might exhort you.2 axcan, cujx oc dachamaoa, cujx oc tlapi-
auh nelle
"And verily, might perchance one yet grow,
pinja, cujx datzonjztaia: aqujn amechmodadauhti-
mature, become white-haired ? Who will exhort you ?
liz, aqujn cententli, cencamatl, amechmomaqujfo.
Who will extend to you a word or two ? Now, verily,
A ca nelle axcan aiuhtlancaiud, popolonj, tzatzacuj:
unfinished, stuttering, stammering, unsetded, useless
aidaliloian nen tiuhque cententli, cencamad tocon-
arc the word or two which we deliver in your pres-
qujxtia in amjxpantzinco: amonacazpantzinco to-
ence, which we intone to your ears.
coneoa.
"No doubt our lord wisheth to give a baby to you A ca piltzintli qujnmomaqujliznequj in totecujo,
who arc miserable people. This is all that ye receive, in amocnotlacaoa: ca ixqujch anqujmocujlia, anquj-
that yc heed. Find repose! Rest, my beloved sons! mocaqujtia: ma tlaltech ximaxitican, ma ximovetzi-
Be heedful!" tican nopilhoantzitzine, tie anqujmomachitia.
There were always two who prayed, who greeted. Muchipa omentin in tlatlatlauhtia, in tiatlapaloa,
The other old man talked; he spoke to, he addressed In oc ce tlacatl vevetlacatl, tlatoa: qujtoa, qujmjlvia
those who had bccomc in-laws. in vexiuhti.
"O my beloved sons, O our lords, we would not Nopilhoantzitzine, totecujoane: amotzontccoc-
give you a headache, we would not give you stomach tzin, amelchiqujuhtzin, atoconeoa tamechtocianmjc-
pains. We causc you fatigue. May we here not expose tilia: ma njcan temuxtli, ehecatl, atamechtecaviltiliti:
you to sickncss and pestilence. Ye have taken ye ca oanconmocujlique ca oanconmanjlique, a iccntcB-
have grasped a word or two. And now, verily, our tli, a icencamatl: aviz in nelle axcan, in iolilizdiijK
ore the lord of the near, of the nigh, desireth to set qujmotlaliliznequi in totecujo, in tloque, naoaq^
M wufun the g,rl the child, the ma,den. What doth in piltontli, in conetontli, in jchpuchtontli: aq^
the lord require? Let us have faith in him Mav ve qujmonequjltia in totecujo: ma no$o tictotemac^
find repose, O our lords, O my sons " 7 7
can, ma tlaltech ximovetzitican, totecujoane, nop
1

« t e c h « hC - — •
lord, the lord of the near,
near. of
n the
f nigh,
T j hath
^ ' assembled
° .°
J - ^ ^ J fA.v/1
r UUI
U r Tie anqujmomachitia: a ca njcan
motlaliha in totecujo, in tloque, naoaque: aufl
1. Corresponding Spanish text: "Pues que sera agora, la voluntad de Itr
senor, y vuestra
, , hija.
. N. si sera merecedora, por uentura
por uentura de de aue v?on - o senor; si merecera este manccbo,
u c n u c s t r dc lgmtrcfil*

Plutujcra a dios,quequeestoesto acontesciera _ * "" ° * concebido....

gozar
h
I Ibid -
bo*-
presencia, para que oycrades las palabras de vuestra salutacion, dc *
136
 , . 9 f w h i c h occurreth, which is said, is coaiotica at amn ir«s, u- •
•• not
K by way Z o( rejoicing,
— not by way of lotl in S l ^ i at «
not by I ftf WPf»nina nf ^ i - njcan ^ t e c h m - ? n)Can ic tlt0ccndalia . in
^ s ^ l e here where our lord, the frffe naoaque , n »
L a , of the nigh, hath brought us together
now. we
now, we here
here open
open the
the coffer,
coffer, thi
the reed
A ca nelle axcan: ca njcan ticdapoa in toptli, in
V here we marvel at, we behold that which we
petlacallr. a ca njcan tontlamavi?oa, a tontlachia in
^ia not sec, which we should not hear. Perhaps
atotlachiaia, m atodacaquja: at vevetque, at ilamat-
men, the old women, the white-haired ones, que, at tzonjztaque, quaiztaque in dacaqujan yn:
white-headed ones, should hear this. Nowhere
f
acan oc ie tiqujmontanjlizque, ca oiaque, ca omo-
!n wc still summon them, for they have departed, tecato in atlan, in oztoc: ca oqujnmopolvi, ca oqujn-
f o r they have gone to reside in the water, in the cave; motlatili in totecujo, in totechiuhcaoan, in vel vevet-
for our lord hath destroyed them, hidden them. que, in vel ilamatque muchiuhtiuj: in vel ceoallotiuj,
These were our forefathers who lived as the really in vel malacaiotivi, in vevei puchotl, aveved muchiuh-
old men, the really old women, who went casting a tivi yn oindannecalaqujloc: auh in amo ointlan caha-
shadow, who went providing shade, who went form- qujco in jmma, in jmjcxi: in oquj^oaco in jmahaz,
ing the great silk cotton trees, the cypresses for those in jncujtlapiltzin: in oteca muchioaco, in aodaxicca-
who became their subjects. And they were the ones oaco: ca iuhquj muchiuhuuh o, ma xoconmottil.can
who went not hiding their hands, their feet; rather, in amotechiuhcauh in. N. auh ca iuhquj rauchiuh-
those who went extending their wings, their tail tiuh o, in N.
feathers, those who went working in behalf of others,
those who went not neglecting things. So did that
one do. May ye esteem your ancestor, N. And so did
that [other] one, N., do.
A ma oc ymadan, ma oc imjxpan: a ma oc iehoan,
"Might it yet have been in their time! Might it yet ma oc imjxpan: a ma oc iehoan qujcaqujnj, qujma-
have been in their presence! Might it have been they
L»® yci lived]!
[who yet uveaj- Might
mignc it
ic yet
yci have
iidvt been
u ^ in ^ their tinj, injn tlamavi^olli: a in dccuj: in ticcaquj in
Presence!
nra^ O Jthat. they might
I A 1 . have
I heard,
L might
r r t i n r l l t have
h^VC topan qujmotemoujliznequj, in topan qujmochiuj-
k"ow of this marvel, which we understand, which liznequj in totecujo: a in ce cozcad, in ce quetzalli,
n
*nown " J ot this marvel, which we - L unaersianu,
— — n nw o nn^ . a in techmomaqujliznequj: a in ioliliztli ijtic qujma-
we heed, which our lord wisheth to bring down upon qujliznequj in piltontli, in conetontli, in jchpuch-
Us> wisheth to create for us, the precious necklace, the tontli: a ca qujchocazquja, ca qujteupoazquja: ca
Precious feather, which he wisheth to give us, the iehoandn tlamavigozquia, auh tlatla?ocamatizquja.
which he wisheth to place within the girl, the
child, the maiden; for they would have wept over
it. would have been apprehensive over it, would have
marveled, would have considered it a precious thing. Auh iz nelle axcan: fa nelii mach in daiuhcan, in
tlaiuhcatlatilia in totecujo, in tloque, naoaque: aoc
"But behold, verily, now, certainly such is the con-
tlaoapaoa, aoc tlachicaoa, aocmo tlapipinja: aocaque
dition. Our lord, the lord of the near, of the nigh, in tzonjztaque, in quaiztaque, in vevetque, in jlamat-
hath left [us] in need. No more is there strengthen- que, in vel chocanj, in tlaocujanj, in veueindn mu-
lng, no longer is there encouragement, no more is
chiuhtiuj: aqujn qujchocaz, aqujn qujteupoaz, aqujn
there aging, no more are there the white-haired
°nes, the white-headed ones, the old men, the old oc nen tlamavigoanj:
Women, the real weepers, the sorrowers, those who
Went becoming great. Who will weep for it? Who

will be apprehensive for it? Who will be the one
who marveleth ?
Here our lord bringeth forth sons, b r i n g e t h forth
children. W e arc these, and we are such as these, we
the spoilers of our lord, we the neglecters. Here we 137
ca njcan motlapilqujxtiha in totecujo, motlaconc-
. qujxtilia, (a tehoan, yn: auh fa tiuhque yn, in titla-
tlacocaoan totccujo, in tidancnqujxticaoa: njcan 6th-
 nenquixtia, njcan titlanenpoloa: aqujn amechmotla-
neglect things, here we ruin things. Who will exhort
tlauhtiliz, aqujn qujeuepaz, aqujn qujlochuz am,hi-
you? Who will return, who will respond to your
discourse ?
da oc imjxpan, inda oc inmatian in amotechiuh-
"If it were yet in the presence of, yet in the time of
n i n tiqujmonteneoa, in tiqujmontzonteconaco-
m
your forefathers whom we have named, whose heads
T i n inquada dqujmonana: ha vei injc qujeuepaz-
we have uplifted, whom we have grasped by the
• in amihijotzin: auh ha vei injc chocazquja,
head, they would have returned your discourse in
S U a z q u j a , tlamavi9ozquja. Auh in axcan: ?a
grand manner, and they would have wept, sighed,
rinhuue ca nen tehoan aiuhdancaiud, aiuhqujz-
marveled considerably. But now, thus are we useless;
5 popolonquj, tzatzacquj aitlaliloia, aitenqujxtilo-
useless are we; unfinished, incomplete, stuttering, fan- ictoconcucpa, toconjlochia, in amjhijotzin, m
stammering, unsettled, unpronounccd is that with amodatoltzin.
which we return, with which we respond to your
discourse.
Auh iz nelle axcan: ca itoptzin, ca ipetlacaltzin
"And now, verily, behold the mysteries of the lord
• rlooue naoaque: aiz in njcan in moteneoa, ca ine-
of the near, of the nigh, which are not determined m dtzi'n • ago ida tolhvildz, ago ida tomaceoaltiz:
here, for they are his possessions. Perhaps we shall
auh aco ida imjlhvil, inmaceoal muchioaz in tote-
deserve some little thing, perhaps we shall merit
some little thing. Perhaps some little thing will
chiuhcaoan, in ie nachca onmantivi: in oqujnmopol-
become the desert, the merit, of our progenitors, those
hvi in oqujnmotlatili totecujo: in oiaque, in omote-
who have already gone beyond to reside, those whom
cato in apuchqujiaoaiocan, in atlecallocan: a9o xo-
our lord hath destroyed, hath hidden; those who daz, a?o cueponjz in jnvitz, in jnmeuh, a9o vecatlan
have departed, those who have gone to reside in the in contlazteoaque, in qujtlalaqujtiaque: a?o tlaltic-
place of no openings, of no outlets. Perhaps their pac qujSaqujuh, in jnchoqujz, in jntlaocul, quenamj
thorn, their maguey, which they departed leaving, ic qujmapanjlia in totecujo, in piltondi, in coneton-
which they planted deep, will bud, will blossom. tli ca itoptzin, ca ipetlacaltzin in totecujo: anca tie
Perhaps their weeping, their sorrowing will come to tomaceoal, anca tie tolhvil, ca iooan in tidatoa: a ca
earth. In what manner dodi our lord array the girl, dtemjquj, ticochitleoa:
the child ? For our merit, our desert is in the coffer,
the reed chest of our lord. We speak in darkness; we
dream, we sec in dreams.8
"And behold, verily, now, perhaps our lord will auh iz nelle axcan, cujx qujmochiviliz in totecujo,
bring to pass the feast day, the marvel. Perhaps in in jlhvigolli, in tlamavi^olli: cujx daldcpac qujjaz
some manner that with which she is adorned will be in quenamj, ic mapantica in piltondi, in jchpuchton-
born — a baby boy, a baby girl. Perhaps we shall look
tli: cujx ijxco, cujx ijcpac tidachiazque, in njcan
into the face of that of which we here dream, that
tictemjquj, in njcan ticcochitleoa:
which we here see in dreams.
"And now we cause you headaches, stomach pains.
Auh in axcan: amotzontecontzin, amelchiqujuh-
May there yet be devotion. May we yet have faith in
our lord, the lord of the near, of the nigh. Shall we
tzin tiqueoa, ticquauhtilia: manioc tlateumachiliz-
perhaps deserve, shall we perhaps merit that we shall
tli muchioa, manioc tictotemachilican in totecujo
behold us face? Shall, however, this perhaps be all? in tloque, naoaque: cujx tolviltiz, tomaceoaltiz,cujx
W ill she lose the tender little thing ? Will it nrrhtnc ijxco tidachiazque: cujx no^o ixqujehtzin conmopol-
not viz in atzintli, cujx amo qujmotdtiliz in tlanextli,
to be born ? cujx amo tlalticpac quj^aqujuh.

Mano^o xicmocevilican: in amomjiotzin, in ^

nacaiotzin: ma amechmodamatcadalili in
in tloque, naoaque.
. J " 'bJd- " W la merccd. que
digrwj d, vtr\a. y g o z a r l a : Oor J £ n 0 ' a nro sefior.

en vano.

138
 Then the orator turned to the one who k a

4. See Chap. 11, n. 6.

 Twenty-fifth C h a p t e r . H e r e are told the words of
greeting with which they greeted or with which they Ic cenpoalli onmacujlli capitulo, vncan mjtoa: in
exhorted the pregnant o n e ; with which the youth's tetlapaloliztlatolli, injc qujtlapaloaia: mano^o injc
parents admonished her. 1 A n d they told her to thank qujtlatlauhtiaia in otztli, injc qujnonotzaia in tel-
the gods for their blessings; and to guard herself puchcque: ioan qujlviaia injc qujntla^ocamatiz in
that nothing abort the conceived baby. They made teteu, in jpampa in jnteicncliliz: auh injc mopiaz in
her see all the ills by which abortion might result. ma itla ic oli, in omotlali piltzintli: muchi qujtti-
And when they had admonished her, they exhorted tiaia in tecoco injc netlaolinjlo. Auh in oconnonotz-
her mother, her father. A n d they also replied. And que: njman qujntlatlatlauhtia in jnan, in jta: auh
the pregnant one likewise exhorted her father-in-law, no tlananqujliaia: auh in otztli no qujntlatlauhtiaia
her mother-in-law. in jmonta, in jmonnan.

" 0 my beloved granddaughter, O precious person,

Noxviuhticatzine, tlafotitlacatle: maqujztle, chal-
0 precious bracelet, O precious green stone, O pre-
chiuhtle, teuxivitle, tzontle, iztitlc. A ca nel axcan:
cious turquoise, O hair, O fingernail: truly now the amjtzmolnamjqujlia in tcutl, in datoanj, in tloquc,
god, the ruler, the lord of the near, of the nigh, hath naoaque: a mjtic qujmaqujliznequj, in ioliliztli:
remembered thee. Within thee he wisheth to place mjtzmocozcaiotilizncquj, mjtzmoquetzallotilizne-
a life; he wisheth to provide thee with a precious quj: cujx otonelciciuh, cujx otonchocac, cujx oivic
necklace; he wisheth to provide thee with a precious tonma^ouh cujx otoconmodaitlanjlili in totecujo: in
feather. [Is it because] perhaps thou hast sighed? iooalli, in ehecatl: in iooalli xelivi, in tlacoiooan: auh
Perhaps thou hast wept ? Perhaps thou hast reached cujx otoncochi^ac, cujx oitlan tonac in ochpanalli,
out thy arms unto him ? Perhaps thou hast suppli- auh in tlenamactli, cujx vncan omjtzmocaqujd, cujx
cated our lord, the night, the wind, [at] the division vncan omjtzmocnoittili in totecujo: cujx ic itolo in
of the night, [at] midnight? And perhaps thou hast topan in mjedan, in iooaian, in mjtic qujmodaliliz-
held vigil? Perhaps thou hast been industrious in nequj in totecujo, in ioliliztli: cujx ic nelli, cujx
sweeping, and in offering incense ? Perhaps at this oqujmacauh in dacad in topiltzin in quetzalcoatl in
time our lord hath instructed thee, hath shown thee teiocoanj, in techioanj: auh cujx oqujto in vme tecu-
mercy? Perhaps for this reason it was determined tli, in vme cioad: cujx omoquapano in tlatolli.
above us, in the land of the dead, in the beginnmg,
that our lord wisheth to place life within thee ? Per-
haps it is true that, perchance, the lord, our prince,
Quetzalcoatl, the creator, the author, hath permitted
it? And perhaps O m c tecutli, Ome ciuad stated it.
Perhaps the instrucdon was that a child be born.
Auh ma cuel mjtic titlato: ma cucl tiqujto: ca ic
"And speak not to thyself; say not: 'Already I am njdatqujtica, ca ic ivin nonca y, ca ic notztli: auh ma
carrying something; already I am this way; already ticpopouh, ma mjxco, mocpac tiqueuh: mjtic tlama-
1 am pregnant.' And do not become proud, do not

" I. Correspond Spanish « c , t : "Es plasica <1< a,Suno Jc <», mfierno. an,c M pnncpio M - -
I 2. I M : yw
"por in ntmi u aes,a
uentura t u /ur
fue iu
la tut****, f
causa. porguc sc J,*m,,no - _ v aoasl: per ucn.ura
j csta mcrccā...."
mcrccd. . .. mugrr> que sc llama omc tecutli. y s>me cioatl: por uentura
3. Ibid.: "por uetura a lo determjnado el que reside en el deb vn h o t £ ' ^ c n ( J o f ( h u p a S s a g c reads: "r//o est6 ya asi Jetermmado ; .n
I esto esta ya a sido determjnado " In S a h a g u n , G a r i b a y cd., Vol. II» P-
1 the MS, the -do in sido may have been imperfecdy erased.
141
 ti/ in totecujo, in tetl, in quavitl ijtic tlaraati, tlachia:
bccomc arrogant! Our lord will know of that within SMCI cucl itla mopan oallaz, topilmjccaio techmaitiliz
thee; he knoweth of things,' he seeth within the m totecujo: 93m cuel itla ic onolinjz in piltzintli, in
rock, the tree. Soon something will befall thee; our .itnntli: auh noce tcmuxtli, ehccatl mopan qujoal-
lord will bring about for us the death of our child. mocrmoviliz in tloque, naoaque: canel no$o topil.
Soon tomething will therefore cause the baby, the m m i j p uribmiiHIia in totecujo^ ioan canel no^o oti-
tender thing, to be stillborn. And also the lord ol the chicotlaco, oc uel timonelchiuhca:
near, of the nigh, w ill bring sickness. pestilence down
upon thee For mil* our de«re for a child is Mhllcd
by our lord. And indeed thou hast blasphemed. thou
hast taken it iokingty. , .icacc mote momaccoal, »90 oalpanvetzi in jnvit7
"Perhaps, as thv raent. perhaps there emerge tne in jnmeuh in raachcocolhoan, in motcchiuhcaoan in
thorn, the maguev of thy great-grandfathers, ot thy mjranocavilitivi: a?o qujmoxotlaltiliznequj, a<joquj.
forefathers, wh ch they go bequeathing to thee. mocueponaltilizncquj in vitztli, in mctl in vecatlan:
Perhaps (our lard] desireth that the spine, the tlallan contlaztcoaque in vevetque: a<;o iehoantin
miKurv ^hKh the old men planted deep in rhe sod. quinpatilotiznequj, qujtnjxiptlatizncquj in totccujo
ih-uld sprout, should flower. Perhaps our lord wish- in oqujnmopolhvi, in oqujnmotlatili: a^o qujnma
e d to make images, likenesses of those whom he tzonteconacocujliznequj in vevcixtitivi.
hath destroyed, whom he hath hidden. Perhaps he
withrth to lift the heads of those who will go increas-
ing in dignity.
Auh in axcan nochpuchtzc, xocoiotle: ma oc cenca
"And now. O my beloved daughter, O youngest
moiolicatzin, ma oc cenca tie ticmomachitia, ma oc
one. be especially welcomed! Be especially careful;
mochoqujz, ma oc melciciviliz ic xoie, xonmoietztic:
let there be thy tears, thy sighs. Be diligent in the
ma oc itlan xonaquj in ochpanoaztli, in tlacujcujlizrli
I weeping, the cleaning, the arranging of things, the
in chico, tlanaoac tlaviqujliztli, tlatequjliztli, in tla-
cutting [of wood], the fanning [of the fire], and the
offering of incenar. Hold vigil. Do not practise the ccapeviliztli: auh in copalli, in tlenamactli: rm
twr<-tiu>\ the agrreablene« of sleep. Especially sigh iooalli xoconjtzto, macamo xoconvelicachioa. maca-
with .ill thy might; (say): 'How will it be in a few mo xoconaviiacachioa in cochiztli: oc cenca oc
days ? I low will this IK with us V inoceniollocopa in xonelcicivi, quenmach ncnti in
macujl, in matlac: anca qucn tamjqueo.
"And behold »till another thing: be a guardian of Auh izca oc centctl: ma oc xoconmomalhvili, in
rtir t'ramre tit our lord Ixt there be no mockery by jaxcatzin in totecujo, ma ic tontlaquelo: auh ma nc
thee. And do nothing to cause SK kness to the blessing aticma itla ic toconcocolizcujti in jtlamacaoaltzin
of our lord with which thou art adorned. Guard totecujo, in quenamj ic timapantica, oc x o n m o m a l v i :
thjrcelf never to seire, to raise up anything very maca oc tie cenca etic xoconmotzitzqujli, x o c o n n u c o »
heavi not take excessively, do not give thyself cujli: ma cenca tocontequjcuj, ma cenca toconmotr
euevmrlv to the sweat bath. Do not kill it; do not
qujmaca in temazcalli: ma titlamjcti, ma txtLadccrs.
overdo the heat [of the sweat bath).
And behold also: may the eagle, the ocelot hear
Auh izcatquj ioan: mano^o qujcactic in quaubti
that a to sav, her husband, our son, the eagle, the
ocelutl, qujtozncquj, in jnamjc, in topiltzin inquauh-
oor^L N . who «seated [here]. Here is a word with
tli in ocelutl in N . in meviltitica: ca izca c e n c a ® * '
bt T knowledge- ic timjtznaoatia, tel titoltequjuh in tivcvctquc:
k W K ° t* h
* c^ wh
M not make f L cenca oc mahavillacancc in mocctca,
ntr:t °Jft- *** * ttx
m a oc cenca*

anmotequjquati: ca anqujtlacozque in q u c n a D I ^
ooc to be excessive carnal act, £
the Z y
mjtzmapanjlia totccujo: oalxoxoleuhtiaz fl^1
trii -mFāJ
b t +
y ^ * ~ " " " " " " - — i m k m » . porque si C o tt**

142
 h a r m uthat with
,„] ban" L £ our
. which Li lord
. hath adorned
«^uica
W II „c/» it tn he fm»kl»< ;«• ...:11 kapal, xopiltzatzanal Jn •
[ I It will cause it to be feeble; it will come forth ytla tomaceoal, fnda t l T l t ^ * " i n d a P nen
f l a m e d fingers [and] toes. If perhaps something
oaltzin totecujo auh laU^ V ^
5 our merit, if the creation of our lord is born, it will

k c o v e r e d with filth. A n d verily it is said: 'Thou

tfjjt die in childbirth. F o r this will cause the baby
t0 be stuck, when no longer at the proper time the

semen goeth forth; for it exceedeth glue in adhesive-

ness. It is so adhesive, so viscous, that thou wilt
thereby perish.'6
"And do not view that which is evil, that which
auh macamo xiqujtta in tlein haiecdi in tema-
frighteneth one. T h e old men, the old women mauhd: conjtodvi in vevetque, in jlamatque, iuhquj
departed saying how thou wert to act. O my beloved ticchioaz. O nochpuchtze, xocoiotle, cocotze, tepitze:
daughter, 0 youngest one, O little dove, O little one, ixqujch y, aic aco mjtzilpia, mjtztetziloa in raonan-
this is all. By this thy mothers, thy fathers, thy fore- oan, in motaoan, in motechiuhcaoan in vevetque, in
fathers, the old men, the old women who are here jlamatque, in njcan monoldtoque: auh muchi mjtz-
encourage thee,T animate thee. And all things they onmootdtilia, novian mjtzonmonemjtilia, novian
make clear to thee; everywhere they cause thee to mjtzonmotlatlachialtilia, injc tincozquj, injc tinque-
conduct thyself, everywhere they instruct thee that tzal, hade contlatia, hade conjnaia, ca tel imjtolte-
thou art their precious necklace, that thou art their qujuh. Auh injn ma oc cenca tie ticmatcatzindi: ma
oc cenca moiolicatzin, ma itla ic tonmococotzino: auh
precious feather. T h e y hide nothing, they cover noth-
ma ida ic tontlacocolizcujti, ma ida ic tonmotlamjc-
ing, because they are wise. A n d of this may thou take
tili: ma oc dmuchintin tictotemachilican in totecujo,
much heed; may thou be especially welcomed. May
anca quen tonaz, datviz qujmuchiviliz, in jpalne-
thou not be endangered by something, may nothing moanj. O xocoiotle: de ticmatcatzindi.
cause thee to take sick, may thou not be harmed by
something. May we all yet have faith in our lord, as
to how it will grow light, how it will dawn, what he
by whom we live will dispose. O youngest one, be
heedful." Niman qujnnonotza in nand in tad: in ano?o
Then [one of his k i n s m e n ] a d m o n i s h e d the monnand, montati: in iehoatl tlatladauhtia, qu,m-
mothers, the fathers, or the mothers-in-law, the jlvia.
fathers-in-law. He supplicated them; he said to
them: Ca amonmevildticate in amehoantzitzin, in ancoz-
Ye who are present, ye who possess precious neck- aueque, in anquetzaleque: aviz nelle axcan ino
laces, ye who possess precious feathers, here veri y amoxillantzinco, ino amotozcatlantzinco, dacoton,
now are those who were cut from your bosoms, trom in oneoatica in N : a in antzoneque, m amjzteque.
your laps, N. [and N.], who are here; they are your A ca nelle axcan: ca onelli titocujltonoque: in ,pal-
hair, they are your fingernails. Truly, now, we 1Mv • M mrecuio- ca otontlachixque in topco, in peda-
acquired veritable wealth by virtue of our lord, ^ XSUja.-todachiaia.inatotlamada:
we have beheld in the coffer, in the reed chest, t J ^ at techtlanevia in totccujo, ca oiaque, ca oqujnmo-
which we should not discern, that which we shou ^ polvTin totecujo, in vel nand, in vel tati, in vevein m
P°uch uhtivi: auh imonjea, in teputzco *olop.ca.oil:
not behold, that which we should not u n d c r s t a n ^
a p i o t l , coneiud toconchioa: ie can nel ?an uqu,m-
Perhaps our lord hath mistaken us for others, ^
they have gone, our lord hath removed those w o g
eriatura. que "f " M a de rucstra cria,ura. porq *uo
6. Ibid.: "si plugujcrc a dies. que mcretcarnos quenazca <"< ^ J a d e s £ »
causa cl a c a carnal: par „cn,ura murirey, cn cl parte. porq»' "J do_ y podreys rnunr p

rfusion de sin,,en,c. sin aucr para y ^ „ haze ^ ^ y „ U, e s t a „ e l ^ n v e de la mo(a...

7. Ibid.: " y son palabras dc t o , vicjos antiguos. vuestros aniepas e n c e T r a do. que cs la criatura. que
M .... » v en f i u>Ci*
8.
143
Ibid.: "por que avemos sahido, lo que est a m el c o f r e , y e n

becoming the real mothers, the real fathers, the old
ones. And in their absence we perform foolishness,
babyishness, childishness. Where, verily, can we get
them? Have they perchance departed to a place
whence they will not return? Will they perchance
in a short time come passing by ? Will they come
appearing? Will they perchance perform the duty
of mothers, the duty of fathers? For they have
departed forever; for our lord hath placed them in a
coffer; he hath placed them in a reed chest. For we
know that it hath been forever; they are gone for-
ever, completely finished. For here we obtain the
reward in their behalf; in their absence we listen for
them.
"And behold, verily now, what doth our lord
desire? Perhaps we shall obtain something as merit;
something as desert. Perhaps we shall merit that of
which we here dream, that which we here see in
dreams. We speak in the land of the dead. In what
manner is your precious necklace, your precious
feather, our granddaughter, arrayed? Yet in our
time, in our presence, may we marvel at the coming
of light, the dawning, which our lord will bring
about. May we look into his countenance [to know]
in what manner our lord will reward us.
"For ye are already here; motherhood, fatherhood
are exercised here. Consummate your motherhood,
your fatherhood; still admonish, still cry out to them
although they are already like those not babies, not
children; no more wishing to perform in negligence,
no more wishing to perform reluctantly on earth,
[and yet I they are rude, peevish.1' We beseech you
that your spirit, your words, may yet be consum-
mated. May they yet weep, may they yet sorrow, may
they yet sigh. Perhaps it will come to pass in that
which we desire as merit. Certainly we only dream,
we only see in dreams; likewise the lord of the near,'
of the nigh, may be wrathful, may change the
manner in which he will dispose. May you be here
that your words [not] be in vain."10
The mother the father [of the maiden] replied to
hose who had made the entreaty. They said: "You
have inclined your hearts, your bodies; you have
suffered aches and pains in your heads, in your stem
here have exposed you ,o
fla costumbrc del mūdo. " a u n
« •
'0- ">id, "peneuerad h h
e" " h t ' POra
o n t a n j l i a n j , cujx fan cana viloaia oalmjlochtizquc:
cujx rauztla, viptla onquj^aqujvi, onmoquetzaqujvi,
cujx qujoalmatizque in nantequjtl, in tatcqujtl: ca
ocenmaian movicaque, ca oqujnmotoptemjli, oqujn-
mopetlacaltemjh in totecujo: ca ocenmaian catca
ca cenonqujz, ca centlamjc ticmati: ca ie njcan inpal-
tzinco tondacnopilvia, imonjea, in teputzco tiqujm-
ontotlacaqujlilia.
Aviznelle axcan: anca quen qu monequ lua in
, * ;o cujx itla maceoalli, cujx itla ilhvilli, cu,x
Z d t i z c u j x tomaceoaltiz, in njcan tictemjquj,
£ 2 » dccocUeoa: ca mjcdan in tontlatoa, que-
mi ic mapantica in amocozquj, in amoquetzal, ui
toxviuhtzin: ma i£ oc tomatia, ma oc : tixpan, ma
itlamavicocan in tona, tlatvi qujmuchiviliz totecujo:
ma ijxco, ma icpac titlachiacan, in quenamj in tech-
momaqujliz totecujo.
A ca ie njcan amonmeviltiticate: a ca njcan
onqujga, in naiotl, in taiotl: manogo ontlantie in
amonaiotzin, in amotaiotzin, ma oc xiqujmonmono-
chilican, ma oc xiqujmonmotzatzililican, macivin
ie iuhque, in: āpipiltotonti, acoconetotonti, aoc tla-
aviliecoznequj, aoc daqueliecoznequj in tlalticpac,
amonotzallanj, amotzatzillanj: ca tamechontoda-
dauhtilia, ma oc ontlanto in amjhijo, in amotentzin,
in amotlatoltzin: ma oc onchocacan, ma oc onda-
ocoiacan, ma oc onelcicivican: cujx nelli yn, in dein
topanti, in tlein tomaceoaltiznequj: ca gan titemjquj,
ca gan ticochitleoa: ca 9an no iehoantzin mofomaz,
monenequjz in tloque, naoaque: quen qujoalmone-
qujltiz: ma oc nen amotentzin, ic xonmoietztiecan.
Tlatoa in tenan, teta qujnnanqujlia in o t l a d a d a o h -
tique: qujtoa. Odacauhquj in amoiollotzin, in amona-
caiotzin: amotzontecontzin, a m e l c h i q u j u h t z i n ^
amotzontecontzin quauhti: ma cocoliztli, ma te»
tli, ma ehecatl, a njcan tamechtecaviltiliti, ca °anC0,
- - to*
de 'quanZlmpZliZaLCOnrne q W e x o r t e » t m u c h ° a ™ **»> ^ ^ t f s ' ' ^
""" " ^ 0
>0 iue co nviene ,.
144
 . kncss and pestilence. Ye have taken to your-
I0, •;; ve have grasped the word or two of your duty
> e r > as f a t h e r ' W h i c h y e t ° U r l 0 r d accor deth
* in the meantime, ye become protectors: ye
^-ome the silk cotton tree, the cypress.11 Still ye
^ from them the bundle, the carrying frame; ye
hcJp carry the bundle for those who already reside
beyond, those whom our lord hath destroyed, hath
hidden: our forefathers, those who bequeathed, who
as they departed placed on your backs, on your
shoulders the bundle, the carrying frame, the bur-
den, that which is to be carried, that which is to be
borne, the duty of motherhood, the duty of father-
hood.
"And now the coffer, the reed chest are open; there
issueth the word or two of thy motherhood, thy
fatherhood, which the old m e n , the old women, our
ancestors, brought forth for you as they departed,
and which ye have taken f r o m them, which ye have
learned from t h e m : that which lieth inert, which
lieth folded in your laps, in your breasts; which ye
have preserved, guarded, for your beloved children,
the teachable ones, the trainable ones, the babies, the
children who are here. T h o u g h like these, perhaps
they already think themselves discreet; they do not
yet imagine that to n o avail they live on earth. They
know not if perhaps the earth is a very good place
where perhaps there is rejoicing. Perhaps they will
contrive to find pleasure in sleep. Perhaps they will
not engage in sweeping, in the offering of incense.
A " d perhaps they will not say: 'What, if anything,
is the lord of the near, of the nigh, determining for
Us in perhaps five days, in ten days?' Perhaps we
shall obtain, perhaps we shall merit, perhaps we shall
realize that of which we dream, that which we see
'n dreams, his possession, his creation, the life which
our lord wisheth to present. Y e have finished your
words; everywhere ye have made them known to
them; everywhere ye have caused them to reHec ,
nothing more have ye left out. And also like them,
we who are the old men, we who are the old women
have once again taken, grasped [the counsel11 sue ^
that ye arc our mothers, ye are our fathers, sue 1
' . ' ' v * have shown
once again we become your sons, i e n<lv<- ^ conetondi, in jchpuchtontli, in amocozqu,, in a m o
mercy; ye have inclined your hearts. W e ta e,
clutch in our fists that which hath come forth, t a
which flew out as a spark, your motherhood, your
11. cf. Olmos, op. cit., p. 211.
m °CUjli
que C3
in in — . i
ancuexaneque MteDut?.- ™'
01 a n K h
oc amehoantziizin pm am°nmuchiuh-
oc a n q u j n q u t o " i r n P U C K am0naw
-
m damamalh, m datconj, in damamalonj, in nantc-
qujtl, in tatequjtl.
Auh in axcan ca ooallapouh in toptli, in pedacalli:
ca ooalqujz in cententzin in cencamatzin in amona-
iotzin, in amotaiotzin: in amechonmomaqujliteoa-
que in vevetque, in jlamatque in totechiuhcaoan: auh
in anqujnmocujlilique, in anqujnmocaqujlilique: in
amoxillantzinco in amotozcatlantzinco cepoatoc,
cuelpachiuhtoc: in anqujnmotqujlilitoque, in anqujn-
mopialilitoque in amopilhoantzitzin, in jzcaltilonj,
in oapaoalonj: ca iz vncate in pipiltotonti, in cocone-
totond, mace iuhque in, mach ie onmozcalia, aoc
nen qujpiquj in nemj tlalticpac: amo mati in afo
quaqualcan, in a^o papacoa tlalricpac: ago convelica-
chiuhtozque in cochiztli, acago conjcelizque in och-
panalli, in tlenamactli: auh aca^o conjtozque intla
qa tlein topan qujmonequjltitica in tloque, naoaque:
in quen macujl, in quen madac: cujx tocnopiltiz
tomaceoaltiz, cujx nelli in, in tictemjquj, in ticco-
chitleoa in jaxcatzin, in jdachioaltzin, in ioliliztli: in
qujmomacaviliznequj in totecujo: ca oontlatladan
in amjhijotzin, ca onovian anqujmonmahaxitihque,
onovian anqujmonmonemjtilique: aoc tie oancon-
mocavitzinoque. Auh no ivi in tehoantin in tivevct-
aue in tilamatque otoconcujque, otoconanquc in oc
reopa ic antonantzitzinoan, in antotatzitzinoan: ic
oc ceppa ic tamopilhoan titochioa: odaocux, otla-
ciuhquj in amoiollotzin: a ca tocontocujha, ca tocon-
tomapiqujlia in ooalqujz, in ooalchiton in amonanio-
rzin in amotaiotzin. A ca ic oanconmocujhque,
oanconmanjlique y centendi, in cencamatl: in,c
nican tontocentlalia, in jpaltzinco totecujo tonncchi-
cavi tocenquj?a: in jca in jtechpa in piltondi, in
quetzal, in amotzon, in amozti: auh yn jnvitzio, in
145
 fatherhood. Verily, ye have taken, ye have grasped jmaoaio in oiaque in oqujnmopolvi, in oqujnmotlatili
totecujo, in ie nachca onmantivi in amotechiuhcaoan:
a word or two, wherefore we assemble here by the
aviz nelle in qujnmocnomachitiznequj totecujo, in
grace of our lord. We are gathered, we come
ce cozcatl in ce quetzalli in qujmomaqujliznequj in
together in behalf of, in regard to the baby, the girl,
amoquauh, in amocelouh: in ioliliztli ijtic qujma-
the maiden, your precious necklace, your precious
qujliznequj in totecujo ijchpuchtontli: ca iehoatl
feather, your hair, your fingernail, and the spine, the
njcan ic amechalmotlalilia in jpalnemoanj. Auh injn
thorn of those who have gone, those whom our lord
ca oanqujmocujlique, ca oanqujmocaqujtique: aviz
hath destroyed, whom he hath hidden, those who
tlein ie toconjtozque, ca gan nelli mach in oc titemj-
have gone on to remain beyond, your ancestors. And
quj, ticochitleoa: ago itla imjlhvil, inmaceoal muchi-
behold, verily, our lord wisheth to show mercy in
oaz, in njcan oncate in pipiltotonti: ago qujmotlaltic-
giving a precious necklace, a precious feather. He
pacqujxtiliz in jtlachioaltzin, ca iooan in ticate in
wisheth to give it to your humble one. Our lord
tinemj, in ti tlatoa: amanogoc tictotemachilican in
wisheth to place a life within the maiden. For this,
totecujo, quen qujmonequjltia, ca oc motequjtilia, ca
he by whom we live hath assembled you here. And
oc nelli techmoiocolia. Tie anqujmomachitia tote-
this ye have received, ye have heeded. And behold,
cuoane, nopilhoantzitzine: ma tlaltech ximaxitican,
this is that which we shall say, for certainly we still ma amechmotlamatcatlalili in totecujo.
dream, we see in dreams that perhaps something will
be the desert, the merit of the children who are here.
Perhaps [our lord J will cause his creation to emerge
on earth, for we exist, we live, we speak in darkness.
Let us yet have faith in our lord as to how he will
determine, for he still reigneth, for verily he still dis-
poseth for us. Pay good heed, O our lords, O my
sons. Find repose. May our lord rest you in peace."
The one with child, the one already pregnant, Tlatoa in oitlacauh in ie otztli: qujncuepilia in
responded to the words which the old men had jntlatol vevetque, in otlatoque: qujtoa.
spoken. She said:
"My progenitors, my lords, precious persons, I have Notechiuhcatzitzinoan, totecujoan, tlagotitlaca: ma
caused you to fall, to falter on the road; I have caused namechnotlaxili, ma namechnotecujnjli, ma namech-
you torment. And ye know so much 12 of our lord, nococolhvi: auh quexqujehtzan anqujmomachitia,
ye know his secrets. No little thing have I caused anqujmomachililia in totecujo: mac itla namechnol-
you to forget, for already here I have rejoiced exceed- caoaltili: a ca ie njcan onjnonocujltono, onjnotla-
ingly, have enjoyed pleasure, for I have taken your machti: ca onoconan in anemjuhquj in amoniotzin,
motherhood,1" your fatherhood, the incomparable in amotaiotzin, in cepoatoc, in cuelpachiuhtoc, in
in your breasts, the wonderful, the precious. Perhaps amoxillantzinco, in amotozcatlantzinco maviztic in
somewhere I shall reject them; perhaps somewhere tlagotli: ago cana nocontlatlagaz, ago nipa tocontla-
there we shall reject them. For here, hearing them, is tlagazque: ca iz concactica in amoquauh, in amoce-
your humble one, N. Our lord hath bound us to- louh in N . in otechnetechilpi, in otechcetili totecujo:
gether; he hath made us one. Who will so remember
ac iuh conmatizque A ca ie oanconmanjlique, oan-
it? Verily, ye have grasped [the news], ye have re-
conmocujlique: ca onelle anconmocaqujtique, ca
ceived it; for in truth ye have heard that our lord
tlacaoaznequj in jiollotzin in totecujo: anca cozcatl,
inchneth his heart to grant such as is a precious neck-
anca quetzalli: a nelli qujmomacaviliznequj in tote-
ace, a precious feather. Ah, verily, our lord wisheth
cujo, a mjtoa onjtlacappolo: aviz quen n e c h m o n e -
.0 concede [the child]. Ah, it is said I have ruined
qujlilitica in totecujo, cujx itla nocnopil, noroaceoal,
my pregnancy. And behold, in what manner isTur
cujx tlalticpac qujgaqujuh, cujx qujmottitiliz in &
^ — g f e me? Perhaps something i s 7 y
nextli in totecujo, in quenami ic n e c h m a p a n j l i a .
12. Read quexquichtzin.
13. Read amonaiotzm.

146
 crlt ; perhaps the child will come to be
T. Jrhaps our lord will cause that with
f H n adorned to see the light of day.
M : b c r c js thy humble one. Our hands are to-
J r go holding hands. Perhaps he will see,
he will know, perhaps he will behold the
^ J t h a t which is his blood, his color, recognizable
. Perhaps it will be his image. But on thc other
^ the lord of the near, of the nigh, may laugh at
Perhaps our lord will completely destroy the
•der thing. Perhaps something will cause the baby,
ic tender thing to sicken. Perhaps something will
ause it to be stillborn; our lord will leave us [still]
desiring a child. Certainly we are weepers, we are
sorrowers. Let us have faith in our lord; perhaps
something is our desert, perhaps something is our
merit. My progenitors, precious persons, my lords,
find repose."
Auh can iz onca in amoquauh, in amocelouh, in
tomatech tontandnemj: cujx qujttaz, cujx qujxima-
tiz, cujx ijxco, icpac dachiaz in jiezio, in jdapallo, in
jneiximachiliz, cujx mjxipdatiz: auh ano ie dctoda-
vevetzqujdlia, in tloque, naoaque: cujx ixqujehtzin
atzindi, conmopolviz in totecujo: cujx ida ic oncoco-
lizcujz in piltzintli, in atzindi, cujx ida ic onolinjz,
topilneccaio techonmaitiliz in totecujo: mach ticho-
canj, mach tidaocoianj: ma oc uctotemachilican in
totecujo: aca^o de tolhvil, aca$o de tomaceoal: note-
chiuhcaoan, da^oddacatzitzind, notecujiotzitzinoan:
ma tlaltech ximaxitican.
147
 Twentv-sixth Chapter. Here it is told how, when
dKpregnant one was already in the seventh or eighth
month, the mothers, t h e fathers of the married couple
isembled one's kinsmen; and they drank, they ate.
And thereafter there was consultation as to some
midwife to be sought out, to be supplicated to bathe
their maiden in the sweat bath and to serve as mid-
wife.
When that which was within the little woman was
already enlarged, when it was time, when that with-
in her was apparent, thereupon the old men, the old
women assembled themselves for the second dme.
' d n n k W c r e prepared. When there had been
atmg, when there had been drinking, then they
U
' mmoned, they supplicated a midwife, the one who
ought ab<>ut birth, the one who delivered, the one
w charge of birth. First, the parents spoke with one
bother; they greeted, they entreated one another.
ne of the old men, either of the youth's people or
ot the maiden's people, spoke. He said:
, af c here present, ye who are mothers, ye
are fathers, verily, now, the child, the girl, the
maiden, suffereth. For already it is thus. But behold,
* hat hath our lord willed ? Perhaps there is death.
. ay ye help her; may ye show her to the sweat bath.
' aV she come unto, may she come to know our
motl*r, the grandmother of the baths, Yoalticitl,
0 adviseth one, who arrayeth one. In her hands
mature, we achieve our merit. May this verily be
time. Place her in the lap, on the shoulders of
the wise one, the skilled one, the midwife. E n t r e a t
ller with a word or two. May she take, may she
know of your motherhood, your f a t h e r h o o d , for here
Present are the parents, the possessors of these pre-
c'ous necklaces, the possessors of these p r e c i o u s t e a -
sers. Is there perhaps anyone else here after lye
3re here, when [ye] will be absent? Where else win
rhey find you when our lord hath destroyed you.
But [as for] this, [our lord] yet awardeth you you
deserts. Pay good heed."
X Corresponding Spanish no a j j H P E donde os
*Uos y detpuet dc rf* muerte. dr spurs que nucstro
Ic cempoallt onchiquacen capitulo, vncan mjtoa:
in quenjn in jnnanoan, in jntaoan in monamjetique:
in jquac ie chicome, ano$o ie chicuei metzdi qujeen-
tlahaia in teoaiulque: ioan atlija, tlaquaia: auh
^atepan mononotzaia, injc ce aca motemoz, moda-
tlauhtiz ticitl, injc qujtemaz, ioan in qujmjxivitz in
jmjchpuch.
In ie tomaoa in ijti in cioatzindi: in nogo ovel
macic, in ovel nez in ijti: ic oppa mocentlalia in
vevetque, in jlamatque, mocencaoa in qualonj, in
joanj. In otlaqualoc, in oadioac: vncan qujnotza,
vncan qujdatlauhtia in ticitl in tetlacachivilianj, in
temjxivitianj, in jmac tlacatioanj. Achtopa nepanotl
raonotza, motlapaloa, motladauhtia in pilhoaque: ce
vevetlacatl datoa, a?o telpucheque, ano?o ichpuche-
que: qujtoa.
Ca njcan anmonoltitoquc in annanti, in antati: a
nelle
axcan motolinja in piltontli, in conctontli in
jchpuchtontli, ca ivin ic vnca, y, aviz tlein qujmone-
qujltia in totecujo: cujx a vncan ca mjqujztli, manogo
xicmotlaoculilican, manoqo qujmottiti in temazcal-
tzintli, manogo itech aci, ma qujmottiti in tonan in
temazcaltecitzin, in iooalticitl: in teimati, in techi-
chioa, in jmac titetzaoa timaceoalti. A manofo
nelle axcan: ma icuexanco, ma iteputzco xicmotlali-
Mean in amantecatl, in toltecatzintli, in ticitzintli:
ma cententica, ma cencamatica, xicmotlatlauhtilican,
ma qujcuj, ma qujximati, in amonaniotzin, in amo-
taiotzin: ca njcan monoltitoque in pilhoacatzitzinti,
in cozqueque, in quetzaleque: cujx aocac tlacatl, ma
qujn amonjcatzinco in quen polivizque: can nel oc
amechonmanjlizque, in oamechmopolhvi totecujo:
auh injn ca oc amechonmocnopilhvilia: tie anquj-
momachitia.
Vra ausenda. no tencys oblivion de mjrar por
via vida. y en vrc
dellos, ^ r ' L t os yran u tuscar?
tcno
 Then they seated the midwife; they entreated her. Niman qujoallalia in ticitl, qujdatlauhtia: oalmo-
The old men, the old women seated themselves. One tlalia in vevetque, in jlamatquc, ce ylamatlacad in
of the old women spoke. She said to the midwife: 1 tlatoa. qujlhvia in ticitl.

S^Chap. II, n. 6.

150
 :*enrv-*venth Chapter.1 Here it is told how an
woman relative of the youth, or one of the [old
relatives of the girl advised, entreated the
midwife to receive the pregnant woman whom they
bd left in her charge; and how the midwife replied
is she received the discourse. And then fare told]
various things which she said to the pregnant
*oman, in order that she should not much hurt the
raby when it was born, in order that she should be
qmckly delivered. Much is mentioned which is
memorable — very good discourses of the sort which
vomen say; and very good are cach of the meta-
Ml i^——
Ic cempoalli onchicome capitulo, vncan mjtoa:
in quenjn cc ylamatlacatl in telpucheque, ano$o
ceme in jchpuchequc: qujnonotzaia, qujtlatlauhtiaia
in ticitl, injc qujeeliz in jtech qujeaoaia in otzdi:
ioan in quenin tlananqujliaia inticid,injc qujeelia in
tlatolli: auh njman ie iehoatl, in jzqujtlamantli
qujlviaia in otztli: injc amo cenca qujtolinjz in pil-
tontli in jquac tlacatiz, injc vel iciuhca mjxiviz:
mjiec in moteneoa in neiollotilonj, cenca qualli in
tlatolli in juh tlatoa cioa, ioan cenca quaqualli in
metaphoras.

Ca njcan boalmovetzitia: njcan mjtzalmotklilia

b o a r , ^ T h c n . r ^ T ^ Iord' thc lord o f
in totecujo in tloque, naoaque, daforidacatzindi, to
**> <*» Iadv nnolb l1 P ^ P -
^ - o m a n . And here are the old tecujo, cioapilh: auh ca iz onmonoltitoque in vevet-
g t h P l a C C d
*n, rhc
que, in jlamatque in motechiuhcaoan. A ca ticmo-
^cmancKr 7 Pro2enitors. For thou
cujlia, ca dcmocaqujtia: anca oitlacauh in piltontli,
ml the m a 5 ra keSt because the baby, thc
in conetontli, in ichpuchtontli: in jnraatech onman-
L
nrd t 0 t u v a i d e n ' h a r h conceived - she who is mar-
tinemj in momaceoal in N: a mjxpantzinco, qujmo-
her bcf 0re V C O m i S° n c r ' N «Mcrs have seated tlalili a in motechiuhcaoan: a ca nelle axcan icno-
4ow thr -
CC F o r w i l y our lord now wisheth to tlamatiznequj in jiollotzin totecujo: ce cozcatl, ce

HTsheth r o m C r C y m h ' S h c a r t ; t h c , o r d thc carth quetzaJli qujmomacavilizncquj in tlalticpaque, ioli-

tiler- he h f V C 3 P r c c i o u s necklace, a prccious fea- liztli ciujmotlalilizncquj, ijtic qujmocalaqujlizncquj
wished W,shed to instaI1 a llfc ~ our iord hath in totecujo: in ichoarl mocnotlacauh in piltontli, jch-
the maij 0 W * I t 11 w i t h i n ^ y humble one, the child, puclitontli in N: in jnmatech onmantinemj in moc-
with th' " Y m a r r i c d t o t h y Humble one, N. And notlacauh in N: auh ca ic ticmocaqujtia, momac-
placerhh • a " i n f o r m c d that he delivcrcth, he tzinco, mocucxantzinco, moteputztzinco concaoa,
ders. H , n t h y h a n d s > 'n thy lap, upon thy shoul- contlalia: a in jz onmonoltitoque in vevetque, in
p arc a r e tJie old men, the old women, thc jlamatquc, in pilhoaque. in tzonequc, in jzteque, auh
rj* , t h o s c w ' t h offspring. 2 And those who are iehoantin in nantin, in tati, mjtzmopilmaqujlia in
(hp ' w h o a r e the fathers now deliver thee
axcan:
"V .. manofo nelle axcan, mano$o itech xicmaxitili in
tf r r , I y n o w > introduce her into thc xochicaltzin
ixuchicahzin
5
totecujo: in vncan motetelzavilia in
nantli, in tecitzin, in tlacatl in iooalticitl: manogo
/r , the place where the mother, thc grand-
the lady Yoalticid fortifieth [the body of
Estudios de Cultura Ndhuall, VI (Mexico: Insti-

Of rf. 8 and the ne*t two chapter», a translation by Thelma D. ]966). PP- ^3-96.
> <1* ln*m» 4 gac»ne* Historical, Universidad National Aut^noma
2. L>t the o n n having hair, having fingernails."
I. rn*hsraitam t "flower house." fob \29f Mir —"la abuela")\ otherwise thc term may
in the Spanish
4 trettm* ***** one"» grandmother (to appearing
,r's{'fi4U-l7 be regarded as epithet* applied to Yoalticitl.
• CI
 thc baby]. May she take to, may she encounter the qujcuj, mano^o qujmottiti in temazcaltzintli: anca
sweatbath since, indeed, the droplet of a baby is ? a nel ie cuel ei, navi metztli in chipinpiltzmtli: quen
already three [or] four months [formed]. How dost ticmottilia, ma ne tontlacocolizcujtiti, acacemo pachc^
thou regard it? Let us not cause her to sicken; per- lonj.
haps it is not [the time ] to massage her.
"This is all that thou acceptest, that thou hearest, O ca ixqujchtzin in, ticmocujlia, tkmocaqujtia tla-
O precious person, our lady, noblewoman. But be cotitlacatzindi totecujo cioapilli: auh ma quen dc-
not troubled in heart, in body; be not angered. Who muchivili in moiollotzin, in monacaiotzm : ma tuno-
[else] would entreat thee? Who [else] would draw tlatlavelchivili, aqujn mjtzmotlatlauhtiliz, aqu,n
forth a word or two — would lift a clear voice, would cententli, c e n c a m a t l conqujxtiz in melaoac coneoaz,
set forth, would say the well-spoken, well-ordered in vel ijtoloian, in vel itlaliloian contlaliz conjtoz: a
[words] which thou dost accept, which thou dost in toconmocujlia, in toconmocaqujtia: ca amo m,tz-
heed ? The old men, the old women, those with off- moneinaihlia, amo mjtzmonetlatililia in vevetque,
spring; 6 the grandfathers, the grandmothers who, in jlamatque, in tzoneque, in jzteque, in aoaiooaque,
departing, released — who, departing, left — the in vitziooaque, in coltin, in citi in contlazteoaque, in
maiden, the girl N., and this one, thy commoner, c o n c a u h t e o a q u e in jchpuchtontli, in cioapiltontli in
thy humble one, N., would not hide her, would not N. auh iehoatl in amomaceoal, in amoquauh, in amo-
conceal her from thee.6 celouh in N :
"In their absence are they perchance still informed ? cujx oc imonjca, inteputzco, oalmotlamachitia, ca
For our lord hath placed them in retreat; for they oqujnmotoptemjli, ca oqujnmopetlacaltemjli in tote-
have departed, they have gone to reside in our eternal cujo: ca oiaque, ca omotecato in tocenchan in apuch-
home, the place with no outlets, with no openings; qujiaoaiocan, in atlecallocan, ca ie qujcevitoque in
for already they have gone to rest near, next to our jtloc, in jnaoac in tonan, in tota in mjctlan tecutli:
mother, our father, Mictlan tecudi.
"O that it were still in their time! O that it were tla oc inmatian, tla oc i m j x p a n : ā iehoantin quj-
still in their presence! Ah, they would weep for, chocazquja, qujteopoazquja in tictemjquj, in ticco-
would feel anguish over that of which we dream, chitleoa in jlvigolli, in tlamavi^olli in centetl ioliliz-
that which we see in dreams, the feast day, the mar- tli ijtic qujmaqujliznequj, in jntzon, in jmjzti in tote-
vel which is the life which our lord wisheth to insert cujo: auh a iehoantin, mjtzmotlatlauhtilizquja: auh
within her, their offspring. And they would have injn imonjca, inteputzco pillotl, coneiutl ticchioa:
entreated thee. But in their absence we perform in popolonj, tzatzacuj, njcan cententli, cencamatl tocon-
childish, in baby-like fashion. Stuttering, stammer- qujxtia aijtoloian, aitlaliloian toconeoa, tocontlalia:
ing are the word or two which we here deliver; ill-
spoken, disordered is what we intone, what we set
forth.
"With a word or two we here entreat thee. Show
favor to the baby, the girl, the maiden. Perform thy
ccncamatica . 5 " * » " > timjtzontotladaui-
task, thy duty, since thou art the skilled one, the arti- in c C r ° f ™ * » P * o n t l i , in conetoml,
san of our lord; since thou art empowered by him quiauL ' : 3 raan°f° -cmochiv.ua in u *
This is all which thou dost grasp, which thou dost amiaman?' n , o n a o a " l t z i n , i n j c amjtoltecaoan, in

heed Perform thy office; do thy work. Aid ^ a m a n t e c a o a n eo.ecujo, i n j c amjdanaoatilcm Ca

lord; help him." our tlcmocui1]a,
cotil' m ticmocaqujtia: ma ximotla-

toJr1: •ma X i m o t e ^ i ^ ma xicmonanamjqujli in

to^u
J O : m a xicmopalevili.
The midwife spoke, the one in charge of birth, the
t 0 a i n tlcltl = in jmac tlacatioanj, in jtitl quj>*
5. Lit.: "the ones having hair, having nails, having thorns, having spines.
6. Corresponding Spanish text: "no ay otra persona
mereceys: y si la oviera no la escondieran scio<*
de los abuelos, y anleoataifn. , 0
> Z T a s Z ' ; T ^ ^ ^ l Z Z POra HablarOS " » cortesia, y conaerto de f *
y ""tepasados senary y progenitor" deVa Z Z l l o S ^ «W ""»> ^ "" ^

• yde su marido, vuestro stcruo, y criado. N."

152
 . h c womb aright, the one w h o delivered.
^ s c t

* JSid ye w h o a r e h c r e : o u r l o r d ' ^ l o r d o f
hath seated you — ye who are old men, ye
^ old women, ye w h o are possessors of pre-
^ ^ecklaccs, ye who are possessors of precious
yc who have offspring; 7 and ye w h o are
who are seated here, ye w h o are our progeni-
rc who are already the old mothers, the old fathers Thiuhc r atC' 12 a n m o n o l ^ e in antote-
Jom our lord hath set up as gods, w h o already chiuhcaoan ,n ie anveveinanti, in anveveitati, in
oamechmoteutlalili totecujo, in ie amoxomoconri, in
;yvc become as Oxomoco, w h o already have become
ie ancipactonald: ca noconana, ca noconcuj in amj-
aj Cipactonal: verily I grasp, I accept your spirit,
hijotzin, in amotlatoltzin: auh in amochoqujz, in
your words, and your weeping, your compassion with amotlaocul, injc ica anchoca, antlaocoia, injc ica an-
which ye weep, ye feel compassion; with which ye nentlamati in amocozquj, in amoquetzal in cioatzin-
arc anguished for the sake of your precious necklace, tli, in at amotlacoieoauh, in at amotiacapan, in at
your precious feather, the little woman who is per- no^o amoxocoiouh.
haps your second child, perhaps your eldest, or
perhaps your youngest.
"For verily now ye cry out, ye call to summon A ca nelle axcan, anqujmonochilia, anqujmotza-
Tirid, the mother of the gods, Tonan, Yoaldcitl, who tzililia, anqujdcinotza in teteu innan: in tonan in
govcrneth — in whose hands, in whose charge is — iooaldcitl, in qujtqujdca, in jmac ca, in jpial in xochi-
the xochicalli, which on earth is called 'sweatbath.' calli, in tlaldcpac mjtoa temazcalli: in vncan teimati,
Here Teci, Yoaldcitl, provideth for one, adorneth techichioa, tetetzaoa, in iehoad in tecitzin, in iooal-
one, fortifieth one. For in her hands, in her lap, upon dcitl: ca imac ca, icuexanco, icujtlapan, ancontlaha
her back ye have placed your precious necklace, your in amocozquj, in amoquetzal: auh iehoatl in que-
Precious feather, as well as that wherewithsoever namj ic mapantica, in quenamj ic qujmapanjlia in
stle is arrayed, that wherewithsoever our lord ot totecujo, in tloque, naoaque, in quenamj ijtic quj-
^ near, of the nigh, hath arrayed her, whatsoever maqujlia.
he hath placed within her. _
Auh ca ixqujehtzin noconjtoa: omuchiuh, onoda-
"And this is all that I say. Alas, it hath come to uehltic in n a i a : quen vei nehoad, in annechmo-
Pa« that I am an unfortunate old woman, no ^ • o in auel ixdi, in auel nacazdi, in atle vei
"ideed can you have chosen me, who am impruden , 1 lo in totecujo, in anjnozcalia, in anjtlacaquj:
who in nothing have pleased our lord; who am in
cr«t, unintelligent? For there are, there exist, t onchivihlo m toteoiJ Qatoc in j t u l t c c a o a n

dwell the skilled ones of our lord, the wise °n«. C3 ° n r n ? x e q u e > nacaceque: aviz in pialeque
And behold, there are the trusted ones " h o m ^
-tiacad inrcu,°1x1 v
faster our lord hath stimulated, hath inspire , ^
who have his authority. And behold once ag ^ ^ i n qujxox, in 4 > r n o iehoantin qujn-

they have made proxies, they have made d c P T h ] s is i d a n a " f r n m " a ^ d a , in vei itlatequjpanoca-
replace them, [they are] his tnie ^ e r s . ^ ^ o T n > i n m S z yn, in jntequjuh yn, in njcan W
their affair, this is their task, which I g niccaquj.
' heed.' addressed . ,u axCan quen oanncchmjtalhvique: a<fO

"But behold now in truth, why have yc ^ J ^ T ^ i o in * * * -

me? Perhaps it is by command of our have n n K - - — ,os cabJh, d* la cat,
FS±R . - i t t S E l "
rt)m0
- 7. Lit.: "yeF who have .pine,, ye who have ^ n , v£e w•h o have H la d'1
* ^ p "h oTr i c a l meaning of the terms. see Dibble
- - 2
ing Spanuh reads: que an nacido. y tenjao la carnc. ** f als0 Olmos, oy. — -
o L de los dedos. y como los pelos de lasjejas
las vnas
fas u* --^ nn
las cejas de ,19-21.
^21 ^ — • dellos. y estas saben. y estas saben [sic]
and Anderson* Florentine Codex, Book X, " T h e People, PP- ^^ fon corno ellas. y imagines
o,
8. Corresponding «.[T-....M
Spanish text: a
"yv.ellas
y CIIUJ
tienen —- "
,r • y.. ellas lo
In exerciti:
+rrr,,tA- A- lo qual I me aveys tiaui
aquj haoiaa
ette officio, de 153
 near, of the nigh, the master, the night, the wind;
perhaps at this time I am chastised, perhaps at this
time I am annihilated ; perhaps our lord hath become
adverse; perhaps I have aroused repugnance.9
"But although it is said that I am a midwife, will
I perchance by my hand produce, be successful with
the precious necklace, the precious feather, in a man-
ner we deem deserving — the precious necklace, the
precious feather which our lord hath placed within
her, your precious necklace, your precious feather?
And although I am a skillful practitioner, will I per-
chance be diligent in the matter of the shield, the
small shield of my daughter, of my youngest daugh-
ter, who is here seated, for whom ye suffer affliction ?
Perhaps our lord will show aversion. Though indeed
I work — though indeed it be done, I seem not to
succeed; perchance I will arrange [the child] cross-
wise, perchance I will extend it obliquely; or else I
will break [the womb]. Alas, it hath come to pass
that I am unfortunate.10 Perchance our lord bring-
eth about my death.
"But, my children, our lords, precious persons, my
grandchildren, perhaps ye do not create a person
when ye lament; perhaps it is by command of the
lord of the earth. Now may the inspiration of our
lord be complied with; may it be satisfied. And may
you be answered. Let us attend to this; let us do
our work with what our lord hath sent, with what he
hath granted: that wherewithsoever he hath arrayed
the woman, the dove, our little one. And what
indeed shall we say? Shall we perchance say that
the lord of die near, of the nigh, hath shown us
mercy, that he yet wisheth to bless us? For we speak
of that which is yet in the land of the dead, of that
which is yet in the beginning.
"What shall we say ? Let us yet have faith in him
by whom all live; let us yet have faith in what is
said, and also in what hath been determined above
us, in the land of the dead, in the beginning. How
hath it been determined for us? How hath it been
told of us ? How have we been apportioned ? Shall
in truth-shall the lord of the near, of the nigh
cause the sun to shine, bring the dawn ? Shall we
of whatsoever precious neck-
hoL'ypor ^ m ^ e V a L ^ """
10. Read onotlaueliltic.
catl, in iooalli in ehecatl: ago vncan nechmaqujlia,
ago ie vncan nopocdan naiauhtlan, ago omotlatziviti
in totecujo: ago onjtlatlatzivilti.
Auh mago mjtoa njticid: cujx nomac njcchioaz,
njqujmatiz in cozcatl in quetzalli, in quenamj toma-
ceoaltiznequj in cozcatl, in quetzalli, in jitic qujma-
qujlia totecujo, in amocozquj, in amoquetzal: auh
mago namantecatl, cujx nehoad itlan naqujz in
jchimal, in jtevevel, in nochpuchtzin, in noxocoiouh,
in njcan onmeviltitica: in jca anmonendamachitia:
ago itlatzivia qujmochiviliz in totecujo, da nel njcte-
qujpano. da nel muchioa, anjcnjneoaltoca, ago
njtlaxtlapallaliz, ago njtlanacacictecaz: auh anoce
njdapitzinjz: omuchiuh, onotlaveltic, ago naqujan
qujmuchiviliz in totecujo.
Auh injn nopilhoantzitzin totecujiooan, tlagoti-
daca, noxviuhtzitzinoan: acagomo anmodacaiocux-
tzinoa, in anmotzatzitia: ago ie itencopatzinco in
tlalticpaque. In axcan ma popovi, ma ixtlavi in
jhijotzin totecujo: auh ma cuepi in amotlatoltzin,
ma itlan taqujean, ma tictequjpanocan in jtlaioaltzin,
y in jtlamacaoaltzin totecujo: in quenamj ic qujraa-
panjlia, ā in cioatzintli, in cocotzin, in totepitzin:
auh tlein ie cuel toconjtozque, cujx tiqujtozque in
otechmocnelili in tloque, naoaque, ca gan oc tech-
mocneliliznequj: ipampa ca oc mjctlan, ca oc iooaian
in tontlatoa:
tlein ie toconjtozque, ma oc tictotemachilican m
jpalnemoanj, ma oc ie tictemachican in t l e i n mjtoa:
auh in nogo tlein omjto, in topan in mjctlan, in iooa-
ian, quen otitoloque, quen otitaihviloque: quen oo-
cotonjliloque: cujx nelli, cujx tonaz, tlathuiz q ^
muchiviliz in tloque, naoaque: cujx ijxco, i)P
titlachiazque, in quenamj cozcatl, quetzalli qui^
macaviliznequj totecujo: c u j x nogo gan īxq^ ^
..... s —
X —j - - • \ . U j A HV^V/ Y » * * J 1
onmopolivitiz, cujx atzintli conmopolhviz:
"/
lot
por uentura ya tengo henhadado a nro senor y tengo ne
154
 prccious feather our lord wisheth to accord ?
no?o itevica] i
0 r will everything be made to perish? Will he
j^oy the droplet of a child? Or will perchance
my daughter, the little one, the dove be hie com-
ion r
panion
<'1 cause you headaches, stomach pains, my chil-
dren, our lords. Let us aid our lord, the lord of the
non^ho ^ ^ e l c h i q u j u h t z i n njqueoa
near, o f the nigh. Let the water be heated, boiled, nopilhoantzitzm, totecujoan: ma tictonanamjquj-
for the xochicalli of our lord. Let my daught i n t o t e c u J ° > t l o q u e , naoaque: mano^o, onjcu-
er
approach our eternal mother, Teci, Yoalticitl." ci, ma ompo^onj in jxuchicaltzin totecujo: ma itech
onaci in nochpuchtzin, in tocennan in tecitzin, in
iooalticitl.
The mother [and] the old women answered the
one who spoke. They said: Tlananqujlia in pilhoaque cioa, ilamatque in da-
toa: qujtoa.
"Take up thy charge, precious person, godly
Ma ximotequjtili da^otitlacatzindi, teunantli, tote-
mother, our progenitress. Aid Ciuapilli, Quilazdi,
chiuhcauh: ma xicmonanamjqujli in cioapilli in
and cause the baby, the girl, to go to the xochicalli
qujlaztli: auh ma itech xicmaxitili in piltontli, in
of our lord, the sweatbath, where is to be found, conetontli, in jxuchicaltzin totecujo, in temazcaltzin-
where guardeth the grandmother, the grandmother tli: in vncan monoltitoc, in vncan motlapialia in
of thc sweatbath, Yoalticitl." tecitzin, in temazcaltecitzin in iooalticitl.
And at once, of her own accord, the midwife fired, Auh vel njman jc inoma qujtlatia, qujtotonja in
heated the sweatbath, and she put the maiden in ticitl, in temazcalli: auh qujcalaquja in temazcalco
the sweatbath, w h e r e she massaged the pregnant in jchpuchdi vncan qujpachoa in ijti in otztli, vncan
woman's abdomen; she placed aright [the unborn qujuellalilia, qujdamelauhcatlalilia, qujcuecuepa in
child]. She placed it straight; she kept turning it as qujpachoa, qujmjmjlotinemj. Auh inda achi moco-
she massaged her, as she went on manipulating her. coa ticitl, ?an aca ixiptla in qujtlatia temazcalli, in
But if the midwife was a little sick, some one of her qujtotonja: auh in jquac ooalqujz temazcalco in
representatives fired the sweatbath, to heat it. And otzdi, iquac qujpachoa: mjiecpa in qujpachilvia in
when the pregnant woman came forth from the dcitl in jititzin otzindi: quenman ?an iuh ca, amo
sweatbath, at that time she massaged her. Many temazcalco, amo no motema in otzdi, m,toa: ? an
times the midwife massaged the abdomen of the qujxoxouhcapachoa.
Pregnant woman. Sometimes it was even outside the
sweatbath, nor was the pregnant woman bathed in
the sweatbath. It was said she just massaged her
raw.12
Auh in quenman temazcalco, tlanaoatia in ticid:
And sometimes in the sweatbath the midwife com- in amo cenca qujvitequjzque in jcujtlapan in otztli:
manded that they should not strike the P r e 8 n a " amo no cenca totonjaz, ca qujtoa in ticitl: ca ic ixquj-
woman much upon her back, 13 and that she be not viz in piltontli, vmpa tlagaloz: amo no qujvitequjz-
heated much. For the midwife said that thereby tne que, amo no cenca totonjaz in ijti in otztli: ca tle-
baby would roast; he would become stuck trie . mjqujz, ca tletemjz in piltontli. No ioan tlanaoatia
Nor were they to strike nor much heat e a ° a in ticid: amo cenca mototonjz in otztli, amo no
of the pregnant woman, for the baby would sun mocujtlapantotonjz aqo tonaltica, ano^o tletica, ca no
from the heat, would swell from the heat. L l K e ixqujviz in jconeuh: ioan tlanaoatia, vel qujnaoatia
the midwife commanded that the pregnant wo

11. Corresponding Spanish text: " o si por uentura tamanjto como

mj hija regalada y muy am ad a que lo tiene en su v i e t r e ^ muchas vnes, aun fuera del baiio. y este se llamaua palpar a
12. Ibid.: "despues de sacada del baiio. la palpaua la barriga. y
tec as.... cspMas. con ojas Jc mahi. coziJas. en la mjsma agua del bato:
13. Ibid.: "y porque es costumbre. que los que se banan los hyeran
etto mandaua aJgunas vexes la partera, que no se hiziese... •
155
 should not become very hot, and her back should in otztli in ticitl: amo cochiz in tlaca, ca ixquatol-
not be heated, either in the sun or at the fire, for her mjmjlpul iez in tlacatiz piltontli:
child would also roast. And the midwife com-
manded, sternly commanded, the pregnant woman
not to sleep by day, for the child when born would
be of abnormally large eyelids.
mjiec in qujcaoa itenaoatil ticitl, in qujpia, in quj-
Many were the commands that the midwife left
monemjliztia otztli: in jxqujch cavitl otztitica: quj-
to protect the pregnant woman, to provide her a
toa, amo tzicquaquaz in otztli, ca in jquac tlacatiz
particular mode of life all the time she was pregnant.
piltontli: ?an mach motentzotzopotzaz, $an mach
She said the pregnant woman should not chew chicle,
daquaquaz: ic mjtoa motentzoponjz, totomaoaz in
for when the baby was born, its lips would be no
jtenxipal, ic aioc vel chichiz, ic mjqujz, qujtoa: ca
more than perforated; it would no more than nibble,
monequj amo qujttaz in tlein tequalanj, in tlein
since, it was said, its lips would be perforated, its lips
temamauhti, in tlein teiolitlaco: ca iuhquj qujchioaz.
would thicken. Since it could no longer suckle, it
would die.14 She said it was necessary that she should
look at nothing which angered one, which fright-
ened one, which offended one, for she would bring
the same upon [the child].
And what the pregnant woman desired should Auh in tlein qujnequj otztli, iciuhca macoz, amo
quickly be given; it should not be delayed; for her vecaoaz: ca o m m o t o l i n j z in j c o n e u h , intlacamo
child would suffer if what she desired were not iciuhca maco, in tlein qujnequj. loan qujtoa, dana-
quickly given. And she said, she commanded that naoatia: amo qujttaz in tlapalli, ca ixdapal in daca-
she should not look upon anything red, for the child tiz piltontli. loan qujtoa in ticid amo tlaqualcaoaz
would be [extended] crosswise when it was to be in otztli cacapizmjctiz in piltontli: ioan qujtoa amo
born. And the midwife said that the pregnant dalquaz, amo no dfaquaz in o t z d i : ca amo qualli
woman should not fast, for it would cause the baby in tlacatiz piltontli. a m o cemelle, at cocoxquj, at
to starve. And she said the pregnant woman should no^o amo tlacamelaoac: ca in tlein quj, in dein quj-
not eat earth nor eat chalk, for the baby would not qua nantli: no iehoatl qujmonacaiotia in piltzintli,
be bom healthy; it would be restless; perhaps it ca itechpa cana.
would be sickly or perhaps not sound. For what the
mother drank, what she ate, that also the baby
absorbed; it took [substance] from her.
And thc midwife commanded the pregnant 0

woman that before the baby had attained form, after loan qujnaoatia in ticitl in otztli: in aiamo onmaci
one, two, [or] three months, her husband should piltzintli, in q u j n ce, in q u j n vme, in q u j n e i metztli,
still at times be accepted, so that the child should oc quenman m o q u a z q u e in jnamjc, injc onmaciz
attain form. If not, it would just be sickly; it would piltzintli, intlacamo, ca $an cocoxquj, amo tevm in
be infirm when it came forth on earth. tlalticpac quj^az.
And the midwife and the mothers commanded
loan qujnaoatia in otztli in ticitl, ioan in tenanoan-
that when what was within the pregnant woman
in omacic in ie qualli, in ie tomaoa in ijtic otz i-
was well formed, when it was already sound, when
aocmo q u e n m a n mahavillacanequjz in oqujc ^
it was already great, no longer should she at any
aocmo tlalticpac t l a m a t i z : ipampa amo iectli in ^
time take her pleasure with her husband, no longer
catiz piltzintli, oallaelneliuhtiaz, iuhqujn iolatou^
should she give herself to worldliness, because the
oalmaltitiaz: ic neciz ca aic omocauhque, ,
baby would not be born aright; it would come forth
chipa moquatinenque in ootzn^
mingled with filth; as if bathed in a white atole
j x q u j c h c a u h

^ ^ W b e a p p a r e n t that they had never ceased! iuhqujn achi pinaviztli, vncan ca: auh in
oalizpan otztli, cenca qujhijotiz in
14. Ibid.:
n* * kUes* ,/ paladar duro.y uJ^^M
cnaas grucssas, por que no podria mam or, y si [ s i c ] muriria...

156
 ^at always they had lived in carnal desire all the
•xne that she was with child. It was something
eilvitl: ioan L ie V d l
rather shameful at this time. And when it was the
a9° omjlvitl i T o , l r C d a C a C h j 0 a z v d ^
ome of the delivery of the pregnant woman, much
muchioaz in ^ iuhqujn « » * *
would
•• — she suffer in her child-bearing, and— for'
v * advery
Y v_ 1 V
cel. xinachdi l m o n e c , a <> * oqujcujc, in oquj-
longtimeshe would feel [discomfort] in her womb
-perhaps two days, three days. And at the very
time for her to bear her child, much would she cry
out;rf
perhaps
L
for two f days
•
it would cause her to
«• 1
suifer: because something like pine resin would
form when, at an improper time, she accepted she
J -----J 15 a *

received seed.
was to injc tlacachioaz, vel qujxixitinjz in ticitl, in ago
As the itbirth
separate withwas to take
care. place, the
If perhaps shemidwife
proceeded not
aqujqujvivixotinemjz, in qujnapalotinemjz: auh no
with gende movements when she proceeded to take
qujcocoltiz in piltzindi, injc ipan mopoztectinemjz,
it in her hands, she might also harm the baby when
in mjxiuj: ic cequjntin imjtic mjquj in jnnanoan
it was to be removed as it was delivered. Some pipiltzitzinti, ipampa cana tlagaloa, anogo moxtla-
babies died thus within their mothers, because they palteca: auh no mjiecpa ic mjquj in mjxivi, mjtoa,
adhered [to them] somewhere, or else were extended vmpa tlagaloa in jcujdapan, qujtoznequj, in jcioaioc,
crosswise. And also many times she who was deliv- injc melaoatica in jconexiqujpilco: ic njman avella-
ered of a child died of it. It was said that it adhered cati, auellalticpacqujf a in piltzindi vmpa mjquj: no
to her back, that is, in her uterus, as it extended into ic mjquj in tenantzin, in mjtoa: mocioaquetza:
her womb. Thus it could in no way be born; the ipampa in aocmo qujmonacaiotia xinachtli piltzindi:
baby could not come forth on earth. There it died. iuhqujn tzotzovizdi mocuepa, itech qujgaloa in jicc-
Also the mother thus died. It was said she died in nacaio in cioatzintli.
childbed because the baby no longer tolerated the
seed; it was as if it turned into matter which glued
[the baby] to the sound body of the woman.

Here also let something rather marvelous be told. Tla ga no njcan mjto, in mavizticatondi: in vmpa
When the baby adhered there within his mother, if tlagaloa ijtic inantzin piltondi: intla omjc piltontli,
the baby had died, the midwife inserted an obsidian itztli qujcalaquja in ijtic cioatzintli in ticid: vmpa
contetequj in piltontli qujoalqujqujxtia: ic oc pale-
knife within the woman. There she dismembered
vilo in pilhoa.
the baby; she drew it forth piece by piece. Thus the
parent was yet relieved.
Tlanaoatia in ticid: amo chocaz, amo daocoltiloz,
T h e midwife commanded that the pregnant amo tequjpacholoz in otzdi: ca ic cocolizcujz in pil-
woman not weep, not be saddened, not be troubled: tzintli. Tlanaoatia in ticitl: cenca vellaquaz, vel
for the baby would suffer because of it The mid- atliz, muchi qualli in qujquaz, totonquj, iamanquj:
wife commanded that she eat very well, that she oc cenca iquac in mjtoa mocxipaca piltondi, in ezquj-
drink well; that she eat what was good, warm sof, ga tenantzin: injc amo cacalactimotlaliz in piltzindi,
especially at the time when, as was said, the fee:o injc amo aiooaaqujz, injc amo cocolizcujz.
the baby are washed" - when blood ^
mother - so that the baby not be ormed 1I ke a
pottery rattle, so that it not result as a gourd ratde,
so that it not sicken.
1 5 " ' U U b r e m e n U ' y eSt° r "abi° la nmīCnte " Var°n'

quando no eonvenja... „ 0„, 0 rofno dizcn su regla: y esto 11am on que la crirtura se laua los pies,
16. m T n i a J o , [ aya aiguna vacuydJd. o fait a de sangre. o humor necessano. y as, resaba algun dano.
por que no se hat
 The midwife commanded the pregnant woman
not to try to work, not to exert effort, not to lift heavy
things, not to run; nor to take fright of, to be startled
by anything; for then it was said that the mother
would abort; it was said that the baby would mis-
carry. Here, in brief, have been stated all her com-
mands to the pregnant woman.
The midwife said: "O my children, precious per-
sons, our ladies, ye who are here: are you perchance
babies? Are you perchance children? For we are
the old women who consult among ourselves; you
are seeing all of the mortality among us women in
our wombs. Doth perchance the girl, the maiden,
already know of this ? Ye must take care of the girl;
show special concern for her; let her yet be [the
object of] your watchfulness; let her yet become [the
object of] your care. We can have gone incurring
something, we can have attained something [evil]
for her at the time of the birth of the baby.
"Here am I, I who am called a midwife. Verily
also for this reason am I a midwife. Do I perchance
guard a cure for death? Shall I perchance withhold
it from one if we should go to help one ? Is it a cure
for death which is in my hand, which I go carrying
with me? 17 For our lord can only be helped, can
only be aided [by what we do]. But what we do is
only [ like] fanning flies away. Can we perchance
say: 'Let it come to pass this way'; 'Let the baby be
born in good condition'? Shall we perchance be
vain about it? And shall we claim for ourselves the
mercy of the lord of the near, of the nigh, because
of the manner in which we have gone to help ?
"Verily, let all of us now show our devotion; let
us yet have faith in our lord, in whatsoever he is
determining. Will we perchance merit, will we
deserve something ? Is there also perchance nothing ?
Are only weeping, only tears now required? This is
what you know, my ladies, my grandchildren, pre-
cious persons."
obviarlo might be equally suitable. F °f VUiarl°-
158
Tlanaoatia in ticitl, in otztii: amo mop6poxcanS-
nequjz, amo itlan aqujz, amo cacocujz in etic, amo
motlatlaloz, amo no ac qujmauhtiz, aiac qujfaviz:
ca njman mjtoa, motlatlaxiliz in nantli, mjtoa, olinjz
in piltontli: fan cuel ixqujchton in, njcan onmote-
neoa, in jnaoatil otztli:
conjtoa in ticitl. O nopilhoantzitzin tlafotitlaca-
tzitzinti, totecujoan: can iz amonmonoltitoque, cujx
anpipiltzitzinti, cujx ancoconetzitzinti, ca tilamatque
in tontonotza, ^ ^ . a m
tomjcca ticioatzitzinti, in jpan tititzin: cujx ie quj-
mati in piltontli in jchpuchtontli: ma anconmoxic-
caviliti in piltontli, ma oc cenca tie anqujmomachitia,
ma oc amjx amotequjtzin, ma oc amonecujtlaviltzin,
onmuchioa: ica vei in oitla ticnamjqujto, in oitla
topantic in jtlacachioalizpan piltontli:
ā iz njca in mjtoa njticitl: 5a nel no ic njticitl,
cujx mjqujzpatli njcpia, cujx njctecujcujliz, in oitla
ipan tehoato o ? cujx mjqujzpatli nomac ca, njqujt-
qujtinemj: ca fan nanamjco, ca fan palevilo in tote-
cujo: auh ca fan tlaecapeviliztli ticchioa, cujx tocon-
jtozque: ma iuh onmuchioa in, ma vellacati in pil-
tontli, cujx tocontotenjtalhvizque: auh tocontocuj-
lizque in jtetlaocoliliztzin tloque, naoaque: anca
quenamj ipan teoativi.
Ma oc nelle axcan timuchintin, titlateumatican, ma
oc tictotemachilican in totecujo: quecin qujmonene-
qujltitica, cujx itla tocnopil, tomaceoal, cujx no ie in
atle: fan choqujztli, f a n ixaiotl monequj in axcan:
tie anqujmomachititzinoa, totecujoan, noxviuhtzi-
tzinoan, tlafotitlacatzitzinti.
evi,arl ° « r "d ( c f . S a h a g u n , Garibay cd„ Vol. «> P-
 Twenty-eighth Chapter. Here are told the dif-
ferent things which the midwife did when the pre*
nant one was ready, when she was about to «rive
birth, in order that she would not suffer; and the
different kinds of medicine she gave her when she
could not give birth. Many [things] are mentioned
which gladden one.
Ic cempoalli onchicuei capitulo, vncan mjtoa: in
jzqujtlamantli qujchioaia in ticitl, in jquac ije iman
in ie dacachioaz in otztli: injc atle ic motolinjz, ioan
in izqujtlamantli patli qujmacaia, in jquac avel tla-
cachioaia: mjiec in moteneoa in tepapaqujlti.

When the time of childbirth had arrived for the

In oacic itlacachioalizpan cioatzindi: njman quj-
woman, then they summoned the midwife, the one
notza in ticitl in temjxivitianj, in jmac dacatioanj.
who delivered, the one in charge of childbirth.
Auh in tlatoque, in pipild, in mocujltonoque, ioan
And midwives remained with the sons, the young in toveliecaoan inpilhoan in jmjchpuchoan: aqoc iuh
maidens of the rulers, the noblemen, the rich, the navilvid macujlilvid dacachioazque in jntlan moda-
successful, perhaps yet four [or] five days before lia tidci, qujnpixtoque, qujnchixtoque in quenman:
they were to give birth. They guarded them, they auh in jqujn qujmadzque in ijti, qujlmach mjtoa:
watched them periodically. And when she was to qujdadaqualizchiuhtoque. Auh in ie qujmad in ijd
become aware of the labor pains, they say — it is said cioatzindi: injc vel iciuhca dacachioaz, oc contend-
— they were to prepare food for her. And when the uetzi: njman conjtia in xivid, in jtoca cioapadi in
woman already felt labor pains, in order that she tlacxotlanj, in tlatopeoanj: inda cenca qujhijotia in
would quickly give birth, they quickly bathed her cioatzindi ijd: quen omjxtli conjua in daquatl icuj-
in the sweat bath; 1 then they had her drink an [infu- tlapil, in 5a iequene concenvica, iciuhca ic tlacachioa.
sion of the root of an] herb named ciuapatli,2 an Injn ca fan njman atlamati, ca vel tlacxotlanj, tla-
expel lent, an ejectant. If the woman suffered much qujxtianj, tlatopeoanj.
labor pain, they gave her as much as two fingers of
opossum tail [ground up, in water], 3 to drink, which
would probably carry all with it. Thereby she
quickly gave birth. This is much superior, for it is
an expellent, an extractor, an ejectant.
Ceppa chichi qujchtacaqua; vel centetl in daquatl:
Once a dog secretly ate an endre opossum. Such
injc cenca ihijo in daquatl, muchi motepeoaco,
is the quality of the opossum that this dog came
muchi motoxaoaco, muchi qujxix in jcujtlaxcol, injn
rejecting everything; it came casting everything out,
chichi: no iuhqui inda aca, vel ce conj in jcujtlapil
defecating all its intestines. Likewise if one drank
daquatl: ca muchi oalmotoxaoaz in jcujtlaxcol, ca
all the tail of an opossum, he would cast out all his
muchi qujxixaz. Ic ipampa in cioatzindi: inda oqujc
intestines; he would defecate everything. Because of
cioapadi, in joan daquatl: intlacamo qujdacamad
this, if the woman drank the ciuapatli and the opos-
in ijti: cenca tlaovicamati in ticitl, ioan in jlamatque,
sum [tail infusion, and] if her labor pains responded
chocoa, daocoiaJo: qujtoa in ticid.
not, the midwife and the old women considered it
badi. The corresponding Spanish text, however, is "luego daua vn
1. eontentsuetzi (der. from tema) may be taken as implying a sweat
baii° " J Codex. Book X. "The People." p. 155).
Florenline
2. ciuapatli: Montanoa tomentosa Cervant (Dibble and Anderson,/*'»' tinnu
llama tlaquatzin, molida.
r Ardo dc la cola del anjmal, que " Tr>*
3. Corresponding Spanish text: "dauanla a beuer, tanto como medio
159
 very dangerous. There was weeping, there was sad-
ness. The midwife said:
"My beloved children, what doth our lord will ?
What is to befall us? Let us await die word of the
lord of the near, of the nigh, for nothing aideth us."
Then thc midwife began. She suspended the
woman [by thc head]; 4 she proceeded to shake her,
to kick her in the back; she said to her: "My beloved
daughter, exert thyself! How shall we deal with
thee? Here are thy mothers. It is thine own affair.
Seize well the little shield. My daughter, my young-
est one, be thou a brave woman; face it — that is,
bear down; imitate the brave woman Ciuacoatl,
Quilaztli." 5
And if already in one day, one night the woman
could not give birth, then once again they quickly
placed her in the sweatbath; once again they worked
there in vain. The midwife straightened out that
which was within the woman. And if she was
despaired of, if she could in no wise give birth to the
baby, then they enclosed the woman. Only the mid-
wife was by her, because she was offering prayers.
She called upon, prayed to Ciuacoatl, Quilaztli; then
she cried out to Yoalticitl. Who knows the ones to
whom she cried out? 6
And the midwife who was prudent, who was
skilled, if she saw that the baby had died, if it moved
no more — and if the woman still lay gasping — then
put her hand into the genitals of the woman. She
inserted an obsidian knife; she dismembered the
baby; she removed the body of the baby piece by
piece. Etc.
- » > • •"> « » ™ " v o H . ; « «»•»"' *
160
Nopilhoantzitzin, tlein qujmonequjltia totecujo,
tlein topan d z : ma tictotlatolchialican in tloque,
u e . ca atle techmomacujlilia.
11 Niman peoa in ticitl, caacopiloa in cioatzintli, quj-
vivixotinemj, q u j c u j d a p a n ^ a t i n e m , : qu, vitinern,.
X h p u c h t z i n , ca moiaouh, quen timjtztochmhz-
\ iz onoque in monantzitzinoan, ca moneixca-
qlJC' n vel xicmana in tevevelli: nochpuchtzin,
ocoiouh' ca tiquauhcioatl, xicnamjquj, qujtozne-
n u j j • ximotilinj, xicmotlaehecalvili in quauhcioad, in
cioacoatl, in qujlazdi.
Auh intla ie cemjlhvitl, ie ceiooal, in avellacachioa
; n cioatzintli: n j m a n oc ceppa qujcalaqujtiuetzi, in
emazcalco: oc ceppa vmpa oc nen muchioa qujvel-
alilia in ijti in cioatzintli, in iehoatl ticitl. Auh inda
onexiuhtlariloc, in 9 a n n j m a n avellacati in piltzindi:
niman qujtzaqua in cioatzintli, ga icel m jtlan ca
ticitl- tlein mach ic tlatlatlauhtitica, qujnotza qujda-
tlauhria in cioacoatl in q u j l a z d i : n j m a n qujtzatzilia
in iooalticid, ac machique in qujntzatzilia.
Auh in iolizmatquj tultecatl, amantecad, in ticitl:
intla oqujttac omjc piltzintli, indacaiocmo molinja:
auh intla oc ie ihijotoc cioatzintli. Niman onmaiavi
in ijxpampa in cioatzindi, itztli qujcalaquja: vnpa
qujtetequj in piltontli, qujoalqujqujxda in jnacaio
piltzintli. Et a
. „d co,,lb<„ator o t ^ „ „ ajc b. b M » ^
ILLUSTRATIONS
Page from Florentine Codex (Chapter 10)
 j y j M / a / A / k frvy.

o c f b p o t ^ ^

' M A a i ^ m ^ h o s i n c * ^ 'l'lc f Z ^ n M / M . W
i u d i W fccccaJU •' m f l U f t ^ '

j ^ U ^ ^ n j m f ^ n c n c - v . ' ' frfa/fi/zfir *"/«<•,

.^-fcitculiJcoias ' ^ M / f / t W : A , / i 4 U j
^ l ^ S ^ f o h a » W « v p ^ ^ m / , / M t

' n o l o «VCC^IUT/M a n tfitiiVl r

Tan c u i u n n n a p o k u ^ W t f W

f n )Uuo> u o n f W a m j w t t v W ' V A <///c/// Y ' 7 ,

• oital «II K i u K v / / W W "

Adcuanlav L v u l x c a ^ i j ^ k //;///^/// />

in ^ n k nuty ^ ^

am!: kn't ficsumbcion^oai y /

loKjvtc c i u l l a bttfitfloī, fa W f ?

tf d c ^ U c a l x c a ' J ' V " - / - v ,

^ f v u ^ u c k L W Hlrtk/id, much'

PagC f r 0 m C « r f „ (Chapt
 K* ' i 'K- V

m V e l o c W . S c ^ ^ ^

^ r r q m ) C i W k /v/ himdyi/op,/. w , / m

te o u « r d a , c n t e few/,*

fan e \ n * r r x c ^ i o ~ L l. ./ - / ' - '

niCdlO. JHJpUtK: tU<tC<7 /%/M/fataM

p l f i t a k / / / , />//'M/7j:/f/drf /fec/r

H'c6iC&/(?J/oil, / r w c i c ,7fJ//da>

n/\ //ffldC/O , / r r f / f l (W/fUr/. ///

fjai/i/ / / / f r w r t rfe/i'cw//Xiv/

CMfra<uv j/u\W/IV/C/jj////'/

Ciliof/

1 C apitufo. Z3. M i e l m m a
ftancia, q u e h a s u m los nth, v/iow m / M : tyf*'"

W a m / e n f o s : e £ } o s n a t u ^ i c U u n/>icmtI<iM,uij

titles. ' • , ^ W / f f & j i ] tl'i"c ici/upvw/crtWte

a mmĒm '
q l u L K K a s i a n , ^ » * / < * > - 1 » *

W n i k n t M e n c i W

W V V U a ^ d c a l c u m y ^ /

Codex (Chapter 23)

Page from Florentine
 A ,iter. . Paso
.
yy 1,
» '
jncoso
J U W
tf> , .. a i n o s e w h o sleep destitute (Chapter 2 ) . 3. T h c prayer
WarfiA
[or «ne new ruler (Chao.er ^ ^ . ' ^ « . U p o c a (Chapter 3 . 5. Pras er to Tezcatlipoca
7 ) . 9 . Women before Tla ? o!teotl (Ch ; ?0 8' T h c P « i P « and the torrent (Chapter
,U » 1 K T h c Player to Tlaloc (Chapter 8 ) .
 'O'/A '/"/A"'* >A h

After Paso y Troncoso

(Chii*. T h c n c w ruler cives thanks to Tezcathpoca (Chapter 9). I J . The ruler with r h e cleaasing water

H) 6 P -
P r lo i c rule? f C h W «>• I * T7.ru/cr ^ J ^ ( ° T K r
the youfK / ^ P b , e r n a n « W the people in the presence of the ruler (Chapter I •>I 17. The ruler exhorts
(Chapter 17). IS. The ruler exhort, the maiden (Chapter 18) 19. The mother exhort, thc
n (Chapter 10). 20 The lather exhorts his son (Chapter 211). 21. Thc arranging of thc marriage
- • /nhmtcr 2-f).
 — After Paso y Troncoso
o J ^ L ^ T T V u ' i P 0 n > S t h e ° r a t 0 r s <ChaPter 25>-
c
24> 2 5 . T h e m i d w i f e massages the pregnant
wife 2 d , h l T , r u C n d 0 S ' n ® of,thc W O m a n vvho d,cs childbirth ( C h a p t e r 2 9 ) . 2 7 . T h e in.d-
the
W T baby
h S h ft
b g £of A£ e tL v ^( e h 1 "k. I . lT 1 ^ RP 3 r c n^ Z
ts of thc
^
chlld
J ^' h e soothsayer^ (Chapter* * *3 6 ) *.
 — After Paso y Troncoso

1 n P C t I v o n earth (Chapter 41). 36. My task

, ,„ r 4 1 ) . 35. He » P 0 0 ' ^ ' " 4 i ) . 38. Thanks to another I scavenge
34. It is really my - r o w < 0 « ; y ' h j v c y e t * the poor (Chapter 41). 41. Already
i . to guard turkeys (Chapter 41). 40 L i v i n g " T h c t o r c h , t h c w.de m.rror (Chap-
(Chapter 4 1 ) . 39. A face of gtoW 1 ( C h a p . " 43).
m another-» enclosure (Chapter 43). ^ Thou goest panun 8
•er 43). 11. Drivel, .laver (Chapter
 ^ Qui<LT£clem e(ta. l e f t a . J l m j

b L U x e f l o x v c v i ma^Vioxa ^
< r J A a m , Scxas elm a* QlU^a
rDo am) eta to do; (has otYojo^
cū^ia elfeflot aai^unpilL'
oUcutli ft y w i f u i aix^o teWs.
mj ji^wAo.' lamWntaolxaoete
\)idn cju£ e t a
a l l e o a d o a j p n o t ,y«x<x c o m o (u
Vnte^tete i a u a f a f ' u f c hly

aejU d^ian: U JLjfc U

fubrnco p i 0

n u e j ^ t o |efīo2 onueSks

46 Thou h t h — A f t e r Paso y Troncoso

Z Z H T l 47 ' P ?Ceful peaceful governing (Chapter
twigs, the straw beds ( C h a p t e r 4 3 ) . 5. r! L , < aS away the rock
c a m e d (Chanter 43). 50. The
anicntal design (Chapter 43, fol. 214«/). 52. The'hV^enTopen^Ch1 5 a n d a l s , including Spanish text and
 Twenty-ninth Chapter. Here it is told how they
made goddesses of those women who died in child- Ic cempoalli onchicunavi capitulo, vncan mjtoa:
birth, called mociuaquctzque. They believed in them in quenjn in iehoandn in cioa, injc mjquja imjti: in
as they did in the ciuatctco. And they took from mjtoaia mocioaquetzque, qujnteumatia: iuhqujnma
them their hair or some part of their bodies; they cioateteu, inpan qujnmada: ioan qujncujliaia in
believed in these as relics. And they took [these jntzon, ano^o ida innacaio: iuhqujnma reliqujas
relics] from them first before they buried them. And ipan qujmada: auh in iquac in aiamo qujntoca,
it is necessary that the priests should make known to achtopa qujncujliaia. Auh in iehoandn in teupixque:
monequj qujmomachitizque, in jzqujtlamantli in:
themselves the different things regarding those who
in iehoandn imjti ic mjquja, qujntocaiotiaia mocioa-
died in childbirth.1 They named them mociuaquctz-
quetzque: auh in vnpa oncalaquj tonatiuh, qujl
quc. And the place where the sun set, it is said, they iehoad ic qujtocaiotiaia cioadampa.
named ciuatlampa after them.

And if the parents dared not that the midwife do Auh indacamo modapaloa pilhoaque, in qujehi-
this, then ^the midwife] enclosed the little woman. 2 oaz in, ticid: njman vel qujtzatzaqua in cioatzindi.
And if she died in childbirth, it is said she was named Auh inda ic mjquj ijti, mjtoa, motocaiotia: mocioa-
mociuaquetzqui. And when she had died, then they quetzquj: auh in oonmjc, njman caltia, camovia:
bathed her, they washed her head with soap, they qualli, auh iancujc in conaquja cueid, vipilli: auh injc
dressed her in a good, new skirt and shift. And as qujvica qujtocativi, qujmama in jnamjc, tlatontiuh,
they carried her, as they went to bury her, her hus- itzon qujquentiuh:
band bore her upon his back. Her hair went loose;
it went covering her.
And the midwives, the old women, assembled to auh mocendalia in titici ilamatzitzin: injc qujvica
accompany her. T h e y bore their shields; they went inchichimal ieduh, dacaoatztivi, motempapavitivi,
shoudng,3 howling, yelling. It is said they went cry- oiouhtivi: mjtoa coioujtiuj, iaouj: iehoan qujnnamjc-
ing> they gave war cries. Those called thc youths, tiuj, qujmjcaltivi, in mjtoa telpupuchtin, in oc inte-
those whose task was yet warfare, went encountering qujuh iaoiod, injc qujmjcaltivi qujmanjliznequj in
them, went skirmishing against them. They went cioatzindi: amo motlamachhuia, amo mopilhuja in
skirmishing against them as they desired to seize the movitequj, vel nelli muiaochioa.
woman. It was not play fighting, not plundering,
when they fought, they truly made war. Auh injn qujujca qujtocazquc cioatzindi, ic tla-
And as it became night they bore this little woman puiaoa, vmpa in jmjxpan diablomc imjxiptlaoan: in
to bury her there before the images of their devi qujntocaiotia cioapipilti, ilvica cioapipilti: auh in
whom they named Ciuapipiltin, celestial P r e s s e s . oconujcaquc, njman qujtoca, qujtlalaquja: auh in
And when they had borne her, then they buried ne , jnamic, ioan oc ccqujntin qujpalcvia: nauhiooal in
they placed her in the earth. But her husband an qujpia, injc aiac qujchtequjz:
still others helped to guard her for four nights, tn
no one might steal her.
harta necessidad. que las scpan....'
los con] cssores ay.
1. The corresponding Spanish text is more explicit: "ay cosas que
2. This tentence refer» back to the last statement in Chap. 28.
3. Rear! tla^auatztiui.
161
 auh in iehoantin telnuDurKMr, • • • . .
And they who were the youths, those whose duty
vei qujmatataca, ^ ^ ^ ^
was warfare, ardently desired her. It is said careful
iuhqujn deoia ,pan qujmatL Inda vtlica q Z j a d
vigil was held over her. They considered her just
na in titici, m jnacaio mocioaquetzquj: vncan
like something wonderful. If along the road they
pan contequjha in ,mapd in tlanepanda hicac-
wrested the body of the mociuaquctzqui from the
inda jooaltica vei qujtataca, no qujtequjlia i n j ^ f
midwives, in their presence they cut off her middle
ioan qujxima, qujcujha in jtzon. J™apu,
finger. And if they could dig her up by night, they
also cut off her finger4 and they clipped off, they took
her hair from her. Izcatquj ipanpa in qujmatataca in pnapd, m jtzon
Behold the reason they diligently sought the finger,
m ^ o quetzquj: in jquac vi laoc, inchimaltitlan
the hair of the mociuaquctzqui: when they went to
^ u i a in tzontli, in a n o , o mapilh: m,c oqujchtiz-
war they inserted the hair or the finger in their
r in c tiacauhtizque, injc aiac vei qujmjxnamj-
shields in order to be valiant, in order to be brave
S injc aiac imjxco eoaz, injc amo tlatlamatcachi-
warriors, in order that no one might contend against
oaTque n iaoc ioan injc mjcqujntin qujntopeoazque,
them, in order that no one might stand up against
auimacizque in jniaoan: qu, m,hijot>a in jtzon, in
them, in order that they might act boldly in war,
•mapil mocioaquetzquj: qu,l q u j m j a u m j m j c t u in
and in order that they might overpower, might seize
jniaoan.
many of their enemies. It was said that the hair, the
finger of the mociuaquetzqui furnished spirit; it was
said they paralyzed the feet of their foes.5
Also the thieves, those whose name was temamac- N o iehoan qujmatataca in mocioaquetzquj in jch-
palitotique, diligently sought the mociuaquetzqui. tecque: in jntoca temamacpalitotique, qujcujlia in
They took her left forearm. They say they bore it jopuch imatzopaz: qujl qujtquj in jquac onjchte-
with them when they robbed; therewith they caused quj, ic qujnfotlacmjctia in chaneque.
the members of the household to swoon.
And of this mocuiaquetzqui, although there was Auh injn mocioaquetzquj: macivin tlachoctia, tla-
weeping, there was sorrow because she had died in tlaocultia, in jpanpa ic m j q u j ijtitzin, in jquac vcl
^childbirth, when she had really died, it was said she o m j c : in mjtoa omocioaquetz: oc no cenca ic paquj
had become a mociuaquetzqui. Her parents and the in pilhoaque ioan in cioaoa: ca mjtoaia amo iauh in
husband rejoiced therefor even more, for it was said mjctlan: ca vmpa iauh in jlvicac in tonatiuh ichan.
^ she went not to the land of the dead; she went there
to the heavens, to the house of the sun.
Thus is the tale, the consensus, [of the ancients]:
In iuh ca faganilli, in j u h nenonotzalli: in tiacaoan
the brave warriors, the eagle-ocelot warriors, those
in quauhtin, ocelo in iaomjeque, ca vmpa vi in tona-
who died in war, went there to the house of the
tiuh ichan: auh ie vmpa n e m j in tlapcopa, in vmpa
sun. And they lived there in the east, where the
oalqujfa tonatiuh. A u h in ie oalqujfaz tonatiuh, in
sun arose. And when the sun was about to emerge
oc iooan: mocencaoa, moiaochichioa: connamjquj
when it was still dark, they arrayed themselves, they
injc oalqujfa tonatiuh, qujoalqujxtia, coiovitivitze,
armed themselves as for war, met the sun as it
caviltitivitze qujnecaliltitivitze, ijxpan maviltitivi:
f0rth CamC8iVmg C S fOT
cam?»Lr 8ht
" ' ™ »> vncan qujoalcaoa in jlvicatl inepantla: in mjtoa
nepantla tonatiuh.

A u h n j z c a in jntlatollo, in jngafanjllo in *
« m , g| a dd c n , n g lt; skirmishi
que cioa, ioan in mocioaquetzque: mjtoa ca in !3(V
4. Corresponding Spanish
text:

— * * /o,
de medio de la

~
W d c d o
5- Ibid.-, "y dezian q u c t a r n . ~ wc mano yzquierda "
esfuer{0
^ d e d ° d e difuncta q se llama mocioaquetoquj: y ^
na ot the nowaquetzque: it is
162
 .. ^ t thc women w h o had died in war and the
Uved thcre at A c faUin 8 Place, the mjeque cioa, ioan in mocioaquetzque: ca vmpa nemj
I cmig P l a c c ' o f ^ F o r ^ reason ^ old in jvetzian, in jcalaqujan tonatiuh: ic ipampa in
vevetaup
Vevpt-m in
• It
^pfc those who went recording things, named the
where the sun entered ciuatlampa, because the
nemj cioa. "qUj t0nat,uh> J P ^
Pa in vmpa

And when the sun had emerged, when already it

bad advanced along its course, when those who had auh in ooalqujz tonatiuh, in ie otlatoca, in ie cavil-
titivitze, in ie coiovitivitze iaomjeque in tiacaoan, in
died in war, the brave warriors, already came glad-
ie otlatocatiuh in iehoad tonatiuh: njman mocen-
dening it, came giving cries for it, when this sun had
caoa in cioa, moiaochichioa concuj in chimalli, in da-
already advanced along its course, then the women
viztli: njman oaleoa tlecotivitze, vncan qujoalnamj-
arrayed themselves, armed themselves as for war, quj in tonatiuh in nepantla: vncan inmac conana in
took the shields, the devices. T h e n they rose up; they quauhtin, ocelo, in iehoad tonatiuh: vncan inmac
came ascending to meet the noonday sun there. concaoa in cioa in tonatiuh, in iehoantin quauhtin,
There the eagle-ocelot warriors held this sun in their ocelo, in jaomjeque: auh njman cecenmanj, novian
hands. There these eagle-ocelot warriors, those who tlatlachichina, qujchichina in nepapan xuchitl.
had died in war, delivered the sun into the hands of
the women. And then [the warriors] scattered out
everywhere, sipping, sucking the different flowers.
And the women then began; they carried, they Auh in cioa: njman conpeoaltia, qujvica, qujte-
brought down the sun. T h e y carried it with a litter movia in tonatiuh: quetzalapanecaiotica in qujvica,
of quetzal feathers; it traveled in quetzal feathers; quetzalco in ietiuh, qujtlapechhvia: auh ynjc quj-
they provided it a support. 8 And as they bore it, they vica, no coiovitivi, caviltitivi: iaoiotica in caviltitivi,
also went giving cries for it, they went gladdening it, vmpa concaoa, in vmpa mjtoa, in vmpa oncalaquj
they went gladdening it with war cries. They left it tonatiuh:
there, it is said, where the sun enters.
It was said they delivered it into the hands of the qujl inmac concaoa in Micteca, qujtoznequj, mjc-
Micteca, that is, the people of Mictlan, the inhabi- tlan tlaca, mjctlan chaneque, qujtoznequj, mjmj-
tants of Mictlan; that is, the dead, who carried it qujztin: vmpa qujvica in mjctlan.
there to Mictlan.
Ic conjtotivi in vevetque: in njcan daiooa, ie tla-
Thus the old people went saying: when it grew
neci, ic tlatvi in mjctlan: hifa, meheoa in mjmjcque:
dark here it already grew light, it dawned, in Mic- auh in oinmac concauhque cioa, in mjcteca, in iehoad
tlan. The dead awakened; they arose. And these t o n a t i u h : njman no cecemmanj, oalhvi, oaltemo in
women who delivered this sun into the hands of the tlalticpac, qujoalcuj, qujoaltemoa in malacatl, in tzo-
Micteca then also dispersed. T h e y came, they tzopaztli, in tanatli, in jxqujch cioatlatqujtl qujoalte-
descended to earth. They took, they sought the moa: injc tlaztlacaviaia in tzitzimjtl, in coleletli:
spindle, the uiv. weaving
w e a v i n g sdck, the
m c reed basket; they mjiecpa monextiaia, moteittitiaia: iuhqujnma ie
s °ught all the equipment of women. The demon, mocioaquetz, q u j n o t z a , qujmottitia in jnamjc catca:
dev il> deceived in this manner: many times he qujtemolia, qujtlanjlia in cueitl vipilli in jxqujch
manifested himself; he appeared before one like one cioatlatqujtl.
who had become a mociuaquetzqui; he addressed,
c cn countered the one who had been her husband;

he sought, he demanded the skirt, the shift, all the

equipment of women.
Haman nuetzalapanecaiutl...In this chapter we have
^ << " Z s u J » accompany." See Mohna. op. eit.,
6. Ihtd.: "lleuduanU cn vnas andas hechas de quetzal, op j i.imations,
n j a t i o D $ , ,rIt may
may be** t
often translated a, » t o carry." in some contexts and ^ p. 684 ( « * » ) .
Spaniih-Nahuad. felt. 3* (acompanar) and 79f (llcuaf). 5,m

163
 And these little women who thus had died in
childbirth, those said to have become mociuaquctz-
que, when they died, they said, became goddesses.
Then the midwife addressed, greeted, prayed to
the one still resting there, still laid out. She said to
her: "Chamotzin, my youngest one, Quauhciuatl,
little one, little dove, my beloved maiden, thou hast
performed thy office, thou hast done thy work. Thy
beloved task is done. Thou hast behaved in con-
formity with thy mother, Ciuapilli, Quauhciuatl,
Ciuacoatl, Quilaztli. Thou hast taken, raised up,
used the shield, the little shield, which thy beloved
mother, Ciuapilli, Ciuacoatl, Quilazdi placed in thy
hand.
"And now awaken, arise, stand forth, for already
it is day, already it dawneth; the morning hath red-
dened, the dawn hath set in; already the flame-
colored cock, the flame-colored swallow sing; the
various flame-colored roseate spoonbills sing.7 Arise,
stand forth, array thyself, take thyself to — k n o w —
the good place, the pleasing place, the home of thy
mother, thy father, the sun, where there are gladness,
contentment, joy, happiness. Go, accompany our
mother, our father, the sun! May his older sisters,
the ciuapipiltin, the celestial women, bring thee to
him 8 — those who are always, forever glad, content,
joyous, happy by [and] near our mother, our father,
the sun, whom they gladden, to whom they cry out.
"My youngest one, my beloved maiden, my noble
woman, thou hast suffered fadgue, thou hast suffered
manfully, thou hast acquired our lord's place of
destroying one, his place of hiding one. Seeing that
thou hast now suffered affliction, for thou hast done
penance, thou hast deserved, thou hast merited the
good, the pleasing, the precious death. Is it possible
that thou diest without purpose? Hast thou [simply]
died? For thou hast already done penance. W h o
deserveth what thou hast merited? For thou wilt
forever live, be glad, be content near [and] by our
goddesses, the ciuapipiltin.
"Fare thee well, my beloved maiden, my child.
Arrive with them, enter among them! And may
they take thee, may they receive thee! W i t h them
gladden, cry out to our mother, our father, the sun.
panymg thcm whcrcv
ctts ;sr
f ^ C f Z L y a r S d e Jl,a' ya.JAaJ am
I ' " ' Cf- Sdcr> C"amW</* Abhandlungen,
8. Corresponding Spanish text-
y o s
Auh injn ijtitzin ic momjqujlia cioatzintli: in
mjtoa mocioaquetza: in jquac oonmjc, in qujtoa
oonteut:
njman qujnotza, qujtlapaloa, qujtlatlauhtia in
ticitl, in oc onoc, in oc vctztoc: qujlvia. Chamotzin,
noxocoiouh, quauhcioatl, tcpitzin, cocotzin, noch-
puchtzin: odtlacotic, odtcqujt, ovetz motequjtzin:
oticmonanamjqujli in monantzin, in cioapilli in
quauhcioatl, in cioacoad, in qujlaztli: otoconcujc,
otoconacoc, oitlan tonac in chimalli, in tevevelli: in
omomac qujman in iehoatl monantzin in cioapilli,
in cioacoatl, in qujlaztli:
auh in axcan ma xiga, ma ximeoa, ma ximoquetza,
ca ie tlaca, ca ie tlatvi, ca otlacuegaleoac, ca omoque-
tzaco in tlavizcalli, ca ie tlatoa in cuegalpaxid, in
cuegalcujcujtzcatl, ie tlatoa in nepapan cuegalque-
chol: ma ximeoa, ma ximoquetza, ma ximochichioa,
ma ximovica, ma xontlamati in qualcan, in icccan:
in monan, in mota in tonatiuh ichan: in vmpa avi-
ialo, in vellamacho, in pacoa, in netlamachtilo. Ma
xommovica, ma xoconmotoqujli in tonan, in tota
tonatiuh: ma itech mjtzonmaxitili in jveltioatzi-
tzinoan in cioapipiltin, in jlvicacioa: in muchipa, in
cemjcac in aviia, in vellamati, in paquj, in moda-
machtia in jitloc, in jnaoac, in tonan, tota tonatiuh:
in caviltia, in coiovia.
Noxocoiouh, nochpuchtzin, notecujo cioad: otic-
mjhijovilti, oticmoqujchhvili: a oticmaxcavili in jte-
poloaia, in jtetlatiaia totecujo: a mago nelle axcan,
otimotlaciavilti: ca ovel tontlamaceuh, ca omocno
piltic, ca omomaceoaltic in qualli, in iectli, in dagotli
mjqujliztli: a mach nen nogo timomjqujli, cujx
otonmomjqujli, ca ie otontlamaceuh: ac qujcnopil-
vica, in oticmomacevi: ca cemjcac tijoliz, taviaz,
tivellamatiz, in jntloc, in jnnaoac totecujiooan cioa-
pipilti:
manogo gan moiolicatzin nochpuchtzin, noxoco-
iouh: ma intech xonmaxiti, ma intlan xonmocalaquj.
A u h manogo nelli mjtzalmanjlican, ma mjtzalmoce-
lilican: m a inoan xicavilti xicoiovi in tonan, in to&
" ** in tonatiuh: auh m a xiqujnmoviqujlitinemj,in canjn
movica, in jmelleltzin qujqujga.
a n e c ^ o , ya an salido los are boles de la manana, ya las golodrinas andan cantando, y todas I* otr
V o l . II, p. 9 7 7 ; V o l . I l l , p. 2 9 5 .
L" • . • » «
™1a m1a. pa vuestro padre el sol, y lleuenos sus hermanas las mugeres celestiales.
164
 ; my youngest one, my beloved maiden, my
. ^ uf* ne rhou hast ahanrlnn/.r1 nr ...»
, hou
r.'»11 bast 4left
V* us,* thou hast abandoned us,
—«j we tecAhonmnOXOCr ° U h n 0 c h p U c h t Z i n > n o t c c u j o : ca oti-
a 1 nfA n Vft 1J
' j ' , h c old men, we w h o are the old women. techonmocavilitia, ca odtechonmocxicav.litia in rive-
^boare « • 0> m
. i rhou bast arisen to cast thyself to thy mother, vetque, in tilamatque: auh odqujmonmodaxiliteoac
Tfather. Hast thou willed that thou be sum- in monantzin, in motatzin: cujx tel oticmonequjld-
moned, that thou be called forth ? Because of thy tzino, ca otioalnotzaloc, otioaltzatzililoc: anca quen
^ n c e are we to be lost? Because of this the misery monjea, raoteputzco, ā tontopopolivitizque, anca
of aged manhood, of aged womanhood will be glori- quen ontimaliviz in jenoveveiod, in jcnoilamaiotl:
Because of this, our lady, are we to be lost anca can techinantitlan, texomolco, tontopopolivitiz-
que totecujo: a mano^o xitechalmomachiti, xitech-
among the enclosures? 9 Concern thyself with us,
almolnamjqujlili in tocnoio, in juhqui tiqujtta, in juh-
remember us in our misery — how we seek, how we
quj tictzaqua in njcan tlalticpac: ca nelli mach in
arc imprisoned here on earth, for verily thc sun, and
totcch cevi in tonalli, auh in ehecatl, in jtztic, in
the wind, the cold, the freezing tire us.10 Truly [our]
cecec: nelli mach in pilinj, in tetzilivi, in tlalli, ī
bodies wither, suffer c h i l l s . And verily we are
goqujtl: auh nelli mach, in timalivi in cujtlaxcolpi-
possessed with hunger which we cannot endure. tzactli, acan veli ticchioa: ma xitechalmomachiti
Visit us, my precious maiden, valiant woman, noble nodagoichpuchtzin, quauhcioad, cioapilli.
woman. Auh ca nel otonpacdvetzito: ca ie qualcan, ca ie
"And truly thou hast gone to rest in peace; for ieccan in dnemj: auh ca ie idoc, inaoac in tincmj in
already thou livest in a good place, a pleasing place; totecujo, ca ie dcdacaitta: auh ca ie dcdacanotza, ma
and already thou livest by [and] near our lord, for x i t e c h m o d a t l a u h r i l i l i , m a xitechnochili. Ca ixqujch
already thou beholdcst the lord, for already thou con- in, ic motechtzinco tontocaoa.
versest with the lord. Pray for us, intercede for us.
This is all; with this we leave it to thee/1

^ roorc.y -

. puertt en P^"' y ^ JU tormento...

9. ItnJ-: • „ „Aor„ m,a, drray.no, aca. para que <">den""^

el tyre con <»
frialdad. y <> °

10. I ltd "el sol not latiga, con tu gran color, y

165
 Thirtieth Chapter. Here it is told how the mid-
wife exhorted the baby w h o had been born, and what
she said to it: all the loving words. And here is told
what was the lot of each one when it was born; as
they said, in the beginning such was the disposition
of the gods. And the midwife inquired what its lot
was when t h e baby was born.
Ic cempoalli onmatlactli capitulo, vncan mjtoa:
in qucnin ticitl qujtlatlauhtiaia, in piltzintli in ooal-
lacat: ioan in tlein qujlviaia, much tetlagotlalizda-
tolli: ioan vncan mjtoa, in qucnamj cecciaca ipan
tlacati tonalli: iuh qujtoaia in ca ieppa iuh catca,
intlatlalil in teteu: auh in ticitl, qujtlatlanjaia in
quenamj tonalli ipan otlacat piltzintli.

When the pregnant one already became aware of

In otztli in ie qujmati ijti, in mjtoa: oacico in jmj-
labor pains, when it was said her moment of death
qujzpan, in ic mjxiviznequj: iciuhca caltia, camovia,
had come to pass, when already she wished to give
qujpapaca, vel qujcencaoa: auh njman tlaccncaoa,
birth, they quickly bathed her, washed her hair with
tlachpana in cali: in vncan qujhijoviz cioatzintli, in
soap, washed her, arrayed her well. And then they
vncan tlacotiz, tequjtiz, in vncan tlacachioaz.
arranged, they swept the house where the little
w o m a n was to suffer, where she was to perform her
office, to do her work, to give birth.
If she were a noblewoman, or wealthy, two, three Inda pilli, tlatoanj, anofo mocujltonoa: vme, ey
were her midwives. They remained by her, awaiting in jticiuh, ytlan onoque, tlatlatolchixtoque: auh in
her word. And when the little woman became much cenca ie mamana cioatzindi, iciuhca qujtentiuetzi:
disturbed internally, they quickly placed her in a auh injc qujeivida in jiehcoJiz piltzintli cioapatli tla-
^catbath. And to hasten the birth of the baby, they quaqualatzalli conjtia in otztzintli.
gave the pregnant one cooked ciuapatli herb to drink.
And if she suffered much, they gave her [ground] Auh inda cenca qujhijotia, conjtia in tlaquad: ic
opossum [tail infusion] to drink, 1 whereupon the iciuhca tlacati in piltzintli: inon ie caca in jxqujch
oaby was quickly born. For this one there was itcch
already all which was required for the baby —the moncncquj piltzintli, in tzotzomatzitzinti, in
swaddling cloths [and] the ones into which it was itzitzqujloca.
received. A u h in otlalticpac qujz piltzintli: njman tzatzi in
And when the baby had arrived on earth, then the
ticitl, tlacaoatza, qujtozncquj: ca ovel iaot in cioa-
"lidwife shouted; she gave war cries, which meant
tzintli, ca onoqujchtic, ca otlama, ca ocacic in pil-
rtiat the little woman had fought a good battle, had
become a brave warrior, had taken a captive, had tzintli:
captured a baby. njman qujnotza in ticitl, intla oqujchtli qujlvia.
Then the midwife spoke to it. If it was a male, Otimotlalticpacqujxti, noxocoiouh, noqujchpiltzin,
she said to it: "Thou hast arrived on earth, my notelpuchtzin:
youngest one, my beloved boy, my beloved youth. intla cioatl, qujlvia: nochpuchtzin noxocoiouh,
If it was a female, she said to it: "My beloved cioapilli: oticmjhijovilti, oticmociavild, omjtzalmj-
maiden, my youngest one, noblewoman, thou hast hoali in motatzin, in tlacati, in tloquc, naoaquc, in
suffered exhaustion, thou hast become fatigued. Thy teiocoianj, in tcchioanj, otimaxitico in tlalticpac: in
beloved father, the master, the lord of the near, o

1. Corresponding Spanish text ' dauanla a bcucr vn peda*»*0 i c

dixo) "
167
 the nigh, the creator of men, the maker of men, hath vnca qujhijovia, in vncan qujciavi in mocotoncaoan,
sent thee; thou hast come to reach thc earth, where in raovilteccaoan: in tona, in ceoa, in chcca: in amj-
thy relatives, thy kinsmen suffer exhaustion, where coaian, in teucioaian, in ahavialoian, in avellamacho-
they suffer fatigue. It becometh hot, it becometh ian, in imjhijoviaia, in jciauhian, in jteupouhcan:
cold, the wind bloweth. [It is] a place of thirst, a
place of hunger, a place of no gladness, a place of no
joy, a place of exhaustion, of fatigue, of torment.
noxocoiouh cujx vel achi tictlaliz tonatiuh, cujx
"My youngest one! Perhaps thou wilt live for a
titolvil, titomaceoal: cujx ymjxco, imjcpac titlachiaz
litde while! 2 Art thou our reward? Art thou our
in mocolhvan, in raocioan, in moncaoan, in meca-
merit? Perhaps thou wilt know thy grandfathers,
oan: auh cujx mjxco, mocpac tlachiazque. Auh que-
thy grandmothers, thy kinsmen, thy lineage. And
namj ic otapanaloc, quenamj ic otichichioaloc: quen
perhaps they will come to know thee.3 And how
omjtzchichiuh, quen omjtztlamamacac in monan, in
wilt thou be clad ? How wilt thou be arrayed ? In
mota in vme tecutli, in vme cioatl: quen tivitz, tie ic
what way have thy mother, thy father, Ome tecutli,
timapantivitz: cujx itla tocnopil, cujx itla tomaceoal,
Ome ciuatl, arrayed thee? In what manner have
cujx tyitlatiz, cujx itla mjtzpoaz, cujx itla ipan mjtz-
they endowed thee ? In what manner comest thou ?
ixeoaz in totecujo, in tloque, naoaque: cujx no^o atle
T o what purpose comest thou clad? Perhaps some
ilhvilli, cujx atle maceoalli: cujx tipopoiotzintli in
little thing is our desert; perhaps some litde thing
otimotlacatili: cujx teuhtli, tla^ulli molhvil, moma-
is our merit! Perhaps some little thing will be thine.
ceoal, cujx tecomjc, tecaxic timaiaviz: tie ic otichi-
Perhaps our lord, the lord of the near, of the nigh,
chioaloc, tie otilpililoc in iooaia.
will offer thee something, will favor thee with some
role. Or perhaps also thou wert born without desert,
without merit; perhaps thou hast been born as a little
smutty ear of maize.4 Perhaps filth, corruption are
thy desert, thy merit. Perhaps thou wilt steal. Where-
with wert thou adorned? What was bound to thee
before the dawn ? 6
"Thou hast suffered exhaustion, thou hast suffered Odcmjhijovilti, oticmociavilti noxocoiouh, noda-
fatigue, my youngest one, my precious noble one, gopiltzin: cozcatl, quetzalli, dagotli otimaxitico: ma
precious necklace, precious feather, precious one. ximocevitzino, ma tlaltech ximaxiti. Ca iz monoid-
Thou hast come to arrive. Rest, find repose. Here toque in mocoltzitzinoan, in mocitzitzinoan: mitz-
are gathered thy beloved grandfathers, thy beloved muchialia, njcan inmac in otimaxitico: maca ximel-
grandmothers, who await thee. Here in their hands ciciviti, maca ximotlaoculti: quennel ca otimaxitico,
thou hast come to arrive. Sigh not! Be not sad! ca otimecavi: nel ā ticmjhijoviltiz, ā ticmociaviltiz
What that thou hast come to arrive, that thou hast in toneviztli, in chichinaqujztli: ca nel qujmjtalhvi,
been brought? Verily, thou wilt endure, thou wilt ca qujmotlalili in totecujo: in toneoaz, in chichina-
suffer torment, fadgue; for verily, our lord hath coz, mocococaviz, moqujchhujz, modapalihviz in
ordered, hath disposed that there will be pain, there cochcaiotl, in neuhcaiotl, i tonalli, ciaviztli, tlapali-
will be affliction, there will be misery, there will be vizdi: in qualoz, in joaz, in quemoaz: nel ā ticmj-
work, labor, for daily sustenance. There is sweat,
hijoviltiz in, nel a ticmociaviltiz
weariness, labor when there is to be eating, drinking,
the wearing of raiment. Truly thou wilt endure
fatigue, thou wilt suffer torment.

jjpsSM-tr zz is r m L T ^ s r »
i Z ~ - r ; - 7 - * »<-—• • -
^ pane? antes de que el sol resplandesciesse

168
 $t one, my precious noble one, thou noxocoiouh, notlagopiltzin. Odcmjhijovilti, otic-
M
' y I^jhausrion, thou hast suffered fatigue. mociavilti: ma mjtzmotlagopiali, ma mjtzmuchichi-
& ^ w d of the near, of the nigh, [who is] thy vih: auh ma mjtzmjmachili in tloque, naoaque, in
^ thv father, the revered parent, cherish thee, monantzin, in motatzin in mache pilhoacatzintli:
^riiee And oh, we who are parents, are we auh manogo tipilhoaque, cujx timjtztomactoca: ago
^ a nce worthy of thee? It may be that thou art tixqujehtzin mjtzalmonochiliz, mjtzalmotzatzililiz
^ rcvered parent will summon thee, will in pilhoacatzintli: ago tixdan otonmoqujxtico, ago
II thee;4 it niay be that thou hast come [only] to otixcopa timjtzontohottilique: ma oc tictodatolchia-
i s before our eyes; it may be that we catch [but] lican in totecujo, notlagopilucatzin.
adflBp* of thee. My beloved child, may we await
the word of our lord."
And the midwife forthwith cut the umbilical cord Auh in ricid: njman ie ic qujxictequj in piltzindi,
qujcujlia in jxic: auh qujtlaxilia in qujlhvia inan-
of the baby; she took its umbilical cord. And she
tzin, injc mapantivitz piltzindi, injc oalqujmjliuh-
removed that which is called its afterbirth in which
tiuh: injn qujtoca xomolco: auh in jxic piltzindi
the baby came wrapped, in which it came enveloped.
pialilo tctzoloatzalo: qujn iaoc concaoa.
This she buried in a corner [of the house]. But the
umbilical cord of the baby was saved. It was dried;
later it was left in the battlefield [if it was the umbili-
cal cord of a boy]. ?

— ^ hijai no oi merecemos por cierto: por uentura tamanjta. como soys, os Ilamara el que o.t hizo...
• Jun jur
e and .. lleuauanlo a enterrar al lugar donde pelleaua. si era varon."
6.
" .. en vn rrtneon ue 169
7. IbU-i
 Thirty-first Chapter. Here are told the words
tfhich the midwife said to the baby boy when she Ic cempoalli onmatlactli oce capitulo, vncan
At the umbilical cord. Thus she told him that it mjtoa in tlatolli, in qujlhujaia ticitl in piltzintli: in
*25 all affliction, travail, that would befall him on jquac qujxictequja: iuh qujlviaia in ca muchi tcto-
earth, and that he would die in war, or would die in linj, tccoco, in jpan muchioaz tlalticpac: auh ca iaoc
sacrifice to the gods. And she entrusted his umbilical raomjqujliz, anofe tcomjqujz: auh in jxic intech
cord to the distinguished warriors, those wise in war, qujcaoaia tequjoaque, in iaoc matinj: injc vmpa
qujtocazque in jxtlaoatl ijtic, in vncan muchioia iao-
to bury it there in the midst of the plains where war-
iotl: iuh qujlviaia in ca novian vcl iaoqujfaz. Auh
fare was practised. So she told him he might issue
in jxic cioapiltontli: fan vncan in caiitlccujllan quj-
forth in war in all parts. .And the umbilical cord of tocaiaixic: ic qujnezcaiotiaia: ca in cihoatl, acampa
the baby girl she only buried there by the hearth; iaz: fan vcl itequjuh in calinerajliztli, in tletitlan, in
thus she signified that the woman was to go no- metlatitlan nemjliztli.
where. Her very task was the home life, life by the
fire, by the grinding stone.

"My precious son, my youngest one, behold the Notlafopiltzin, noxocoiouh izcatquj tktklilli,
doctrine, the example which thy mother, thy father machiotJ qujdali in monan, in mota in IooaltccutU,
Voaltccutli, Yoalticiti, have established. I take, I cut in Iooalticitl: motlacapan, motlacotia njtlaana, njtla-
[the umbilical cord] from thy side,1 from thy middle. cotona. Xicmati, xiccaquj: amo njcan muchan, ca
Heed, hearken: thy home is not here, for thou art tiquauhdi, ca toceJod, ca tiquechol, ca tifaquan in
eagle, thou art an ocelot; thou art a roseate spoon- tloque, naoaque: ca tiicoauh ca tiitotouh: fan njcan
bill, thou art a troupial. T h o u art the serpent, the motapafoltzin ijcian, fan njcan timotlapanaltia, fan
bird of the lord of the near, of the nigh. Here is only njcan taci, teco, fan njcan tidalticpacqujfa, njcan
the place of thy nest. Thou hast only been hatched tixotla, ticucponj, titzmolinj, njcan titzicucoa, tida-
here; thou hast only come, arrived. Thou art only panj, fan njcan mocoful, momanaoaJ, raoquechte-
come forth on earth here. Here dost thou bud, bios- tzon
tzon ijonocan, fan macian y: nachcan tipouhquj,
nachcan ritauhquj: teuatenpan, tlachinoltenpan in
so*, germinate. Here thou becomest the chip, the
fragment [of thy mother]. Here arc only thy cradle, tioalioaloc: tcuatl, tlachinolli molhvil, motequjuh:
ticatlitiz, tictlaqualtiz, dcdamacaz in tonatiuh in tlal-
thy cradle blanket, the resting place of thy head:
iccutli: in vel muchan in maxcapan, in moncmac-
°nly thy place of arrival. Thou belongest out there;
pan: vmpa in tonatiuh ichan in jlhvicac, dcoioviz,
°ut there thou hast been consecrated. Thou hast
ticaviltiz in totonamed in manjc: afo mocnopildz,
been sent into warfare. W a r is thy desert, thy task.
a f o momaccoaltiz in jtzimjqujzdi, in jtzimjqujzxu-
Thou shalt give drink, nourishment, food to the sun,
the lord of the earth. 2 T h y real home, thy property, chitl. ^ ^ ^
thy lot is the home of the sun there in the heavens.
Thou art to praise, to gladden T o t o n a m e d in m a n i c . motlacapan, see simfon, op.
• oiled by motUcottan. as to
. r « Cf. dactli,
Mao.. . ^ text equates motlacapan w.th tu cuerpo.
S u c h i$
1. Corresponding Spaniih text: "de medio de ti corto tu ' '{^J^nding S p , / * * / / ) . . .
n r . p. 504 (iUcapan - cM. flan,, etc.); later in this chapter the £ ^ £ p a J ) i s h . fol. U * " <' ^ ^ ^ „ /, ^ J*
in Molina, op. cuSpanish-Nahuatl, fol. 32c (cucrpo .. •). ^^ Je tus enemjgos- y
2. Corresponding Spanish text: "/« officio es dor a vcucr al sol. con ^ ^ „£/ perdura respondedendo,
Ire tali, con lot currpot dc tut enemjgoi s€ Ham a totonametl tn
J Totonametl in manic: in ibid., reference is to "nfo terror el sol,
prrifratu por el iol." in Sahagiin. Garibay ecL, Vol. IV, p. 360.
171
 Perhaps thou wilt receive the gift, perhaps thou wilt
merit death by the obsidian knife, the flowered death
by the obsidian knife/
"And this which is lifted from thy side, which
cometh from thy middle, I take from thee: the gift,
the property of Tlaltecutli, Tonatiuh. And when
war hath stirred, hath formed, it will be introduced
into the hands of the eagle warriors, the ocelot war-
riors, the brave warriors. They go giving it to thy
mother, thy father, Tonatiuh, Tlaltecutli; they go
entering into the center, the middle, of the plains.
And thereby thou hast been assigned, thou hast been
vowed to the sun, to Tlaltecutli; thereby thou deliv-
erest thyself to him. And thus there within the battle-
field, thy name will be inscribed, will be registered
in order that thy renown will not be forgotten, will
not be lost. The precious thing removed from thy
side is to be considered thy thorn, thy maguey,5 thy
cane of tobacco, thy fir branch with which thou art
to do penance, thy vow is to be fulfilled. And now
let us hope for something; perhaps we shall deserve,
we shall merit something. Work, my precious son;
may the lord of the near, of the nigh, yet give thee
life, provide for thee, array thee."
And if it were a female, the midwife said to her
when she cut her umbilical cord: "My beloved
maiden, my beloved noblewoman, thou hast endured
fatigue! Our lord, the lord of die near, of the nigh,
hath sent thee. Thou hast come to arrive at a place
of weariness, a place of anguish, a place of fatigue
where there is cold, there is wind. And now take
heed: from thy side, from thy middle I take it, I cut
it. Thy mother, thy father, Yoaltecutli, Yoalticitl, 6
order it, request it. Thou wilt be in the heart of the
home, thou wilt go nowhere, thou wilt nowhere
become a wanderer, thou becomest the banked fire,
the hearth stones. Here our lord planteth thee, buri-
eth thee. And thou wilt become fatigued, thou wilt
become tired; thou art to provide water, to grind
maize, to drudge; thou art to sweat by the ashes, by
the hearth."
Auh injn, in motlacapan eoa, in motlacotian vitz:
njmjtzanjlia inemac, yaxca in tlaltecutli: in tonatiuh:
auh in omolinj, in omoiocux in teuatl, in tlachinolli
inma tlaonactiaz, in quauhti, in ocelo, in tiacaoan:
conmacativi in monan; in mota in tonatiuh in tlal-
tecutli: contlalaquitivi in jxtlaoatl ijtic in jnepantla:
auh ic ivic titolo, tinetoltilo in tonatiuh, in tlaltecutli
ic ticmomaca: auh ic vmpa ticujliuhtiez, vmpa ic
titocaiotiez in teuatl ijtic: injc amo tilcaoaloz, injc
amo poliuhtiez in motoca, in moteio: movitz, mjeuh
macauh, maexoiauh pouhtoz, in motlacapan eoa, in
tla^otli: ic titlamaceuhtoz; monetol ietoz. Auh in
axcan: ma titlatemachican, a$o itla tolhviltiz, toma-
ceoaltiz: ma ximotlacotili notla^opiltzin, ma oc
mjtzmoiocolili, ma oc mjtzmjmachili, ma mjtzmu-
chichivili in tloque, naoaque.
Auh intla cihuatl: qujlvia in ticitl, in jquac qujxic-
tequj. Nochpuchtzin, nocioapiltzin: oticmjhijovilti,
omjtzalmjoali in totecujo, in tloque, naoaque: oti-
maxitico in jciauhca, in jteupouhca, in jmjhijoviaia
in ceoa, in eheca. Auh in axcan, xicmocaqujti:
motlacapan, motlacotian, njtlaana, njtlacotona: quj-
tlali, qujto, in monan, in m o t a : in iooaltecutli, in
iooalticitl: ticaliollotl tiez, acampa tiaz, acampa tijanj
timuchioaz: titlacpeoalli, titenamaztli timuchioa:
njcan mjtztlalaquja, mjtztoca in totecujo: auh tdc-
mjhijoviltiz, ticmociaviltiz: tatiz, timetlatiz, ticiaviz,
timjtonjz, in nextitlan, in tlecujllan.

4. in jtzimjqujztli, in jtzimjqujzxuchitl, usually spelt itzmiquiztli, itzmiquizxochitl-. the terms are metaphors for death in warfare.
bay, Poedā, I, p. 145. The equating of the terms with death in warfare is clarified by Garibay's translation of a poem in Itthe Ul 1 ' —
MS of the Biblioteca Nacional dc Mexico (fols. 42r, 42*): Ye on necuiltonolo a in tcpilhuan itzmiquixochitl yaomiquiztli — the Cantares mexicanos
los principes,
.w 5.
y.iut.$fjcs, con florida muerte a filo de obsidiana, con la muerte en la guerra."
jnoio a in tcpilhuan itzmiquixochitl yaomiquiztli — "Ya
Ya se sienten }eli#
se sientcu felic"
movitz, con jiortdaalrhnnM»
mjeuh: muerte a—filo de
L — obsidiana,
1 con la muerte en la guerra

; n J r , r Zthat
indicate T ; h the
m ' ' Ureading:
A- M " Aisy meant.
of the term as meuh, "thy maguey," tobacco" Seeo ralso Chap
s m o k9' "n
* 3«"be," the Spanish and Nahuatl texts in Chap.

„ L ^ Z t l s ^ "P°rqUe a n " m a n d 0 ' y ">«>"> y <» P^re ioaltccutli, quc « W^ ^ I" »och< , ^ ««

172
 Then tbe midwife buried the umbilical cord of the
^j^-oman by the hearth. It was said that by this Niman ic decujllan, qujtoca in ticid, in jxic cioa-
* «gnificd that the little woman would nowhere piltzintli: qujl ic qujnezcaiotia, acampa ianj in cioa-
wander. Her dwelling place was only within £ e tzintli: $an vel calidc, inemja, $an vel calitic ichan,
her home was only within the house; it was amo monequj in campa iaz: ioan quitoznequj, vel
itequjuh, in atl, in daqualli: achioaz, daqualchioaz,
not accessary for her to go anywhere. And it meant teciz, tzaoaz, hiqujtiz.
& her very duty was drink, food. She was to pre
pare drink, to prepare food, to grind, to spinf to
weave.

173
 fhirty^ccond1 C h a p t e r . H e r e it is told how the
midwife, when she had cut the baby's umbilical cord,
thenbathed him; and how babies were bathed; and
that which the midwife said as she bathed the baby,
is she prayed to the goddess to whom they ascribed
the water, whose name was Chalchiuhdi icuc.

And when the midwife had arranged the baby,

Auh in oquicencauh, in oqujxictec in ticid in
when she had cut his navel cord, then she bathed the
iehoatl piltzindi: njman caltia in piltzindi, qujpapaca
baby. [As] she continued washing him, she pro-
qujnotztinemj: qujlvia, inda oqujchtli. Ma itech xi-
ceeded to address him. She said to him, if male: maxiti in monantzin in chaJchivid icue, in chalchiuh-
"Approach thy mother Chalchiuhtii icue, Chalchiuh- datonac : ma mjtzalmanjli, ma mjtzmopapaqujli, ma
datonac!1 May she receive thee! May she wash thee, mjtzmahaltili: ma chico, tlanaoac qujvica, qujteca
may she cleansc thee! May she remove, may she in catzaoacaiutl, in jtechpa dqualcujc in monan, in
transfer the filthiness which thou hast taken from mota: ma qujmochipavili in moiollo, ma qujmo-
thy mother, from thy father! May she cleanse thy qualdlili, ma qujmoiectilili: ma qualli, ma iectli
heart; may she make it fine, good! May she give nemjliziotl mjtzmomaqujli.
thee fine, good conduct!"
The midwife addressed the goddess Chalchiuid Qujnotza in teud, in chalchivid icue, in ad: qujlvia
icue, the water. She said to her: "Lady, our lady in dcid. Tlacad totecujo, chalchivid icue, chalchiuh-
Chalchiuid icue, Chalchiuhdatonac, the commoner datonac: ca oiecoc in maceoalli, a ca oqujoalmjoali
hath arrived. Our mother, our father Ome tecutli, in tonan, in tota, in vme tecudi, in vme cioad, in
Ome ciuad,' from [above] the nine heavens, in the chicunauhnepanjuhca, in vmeioca: a quenamj ic
place of duality,4 hath sent him. [It is not knownj ochichioaloc, quenamj omacoc in iooaian, quenamj
how he was arrayed, the nature of that given him in qujtqujtivitz, quenamj ic mapantivitz, quenamj ic
the beginning, the nature of that which he came molpitivitz: aviz acafo cemelletivitz: aviz quenamj
yncqual inequavitec itech ietivitz in jnan, in jta: tie
hearing, the attributes with which he came wrapped,
itliltica tie icatzaoaca, de iaquallo itech ietivitz in
with which he came bound. But behold, perhaps He
piltzindi, in nantli in tadi: ca ie momactzinco ma
corneth laden with evil; who knoweth the manner
xiqualmanjli, ma xicmahalrili, ma xicmopapaqu,li:
in which he cometh laden with the evil burdens_ or
ca oc ie tehoatzin, ticmomachitia, ca oc momactzinco
his mother, of his father? With what blotch, What
o a l o - ma xicmjquanjlili in jtliltica, in jcatzaoaca,
filth, what evil of the mother, of the father doth the nTaquallo, in jnan, in jta. Auh in acago cemeHeu-
baby come laden? He is in thy hands. Receive h.rn, ma atoco, nA polivi, in dein itech leuvitz in
cleanse him, wash him, for he is especially entrus e^ I n u a l l S in aieciotl: ma qualua, ma iectia, ma
to thee, for he is delivered into thy hands. R e ® ° S £ ? in jiollo, in jnemjliz: injc pacca, .ocuxca
the blotch, the filth, the evil of his mother, ot

1. Read Ic ccmpoaUi ommozlaali omomc. Q vuestra madre la diosa del agua. llamada chalchiujtl

J. P« , „oll<1„ltlon ^ ^.p^ia, La o oca nra madrc y nuetro paJrc

te
o( 0 m e G m c ciuad M

qUc fohre los nurue ^lo, que es el iugar

175
 monemjtiz, tlalticpac: ma atoco in teuhtli, in tla-
father! And possibly he cometh laden with the vile.
julli: mā atoco ma polivi, injc omotlaloc: ca oc
May that with which he cometh laden, the evil, the
momactzinco tlacatl, totecujo: Chalchiuhcioatl, chal-
bad, be washed away, be destroyed. May his heart,
chivitl icue, chalchiuhtlatonac, teteu innan, teteu
his life be good, may they be fine, may they be puri-
inveltiuh: ca oc momactzinco oalcaoalo in mace-
fied in order that he may live on earth peacefully,
oalli: auh ca molhvil, ca momaceoal, ca timacoc in
calmly. May the filth be washed away! May it be
washed away, may it be destroyed in the way that canjn iooaian: in ticpapacaz, in ticahaltiz in mace-
hath been assigned I For he is in thy hands, lady, oalli, in oc mjxpantzinco quj$az: ma tlacaoa in mcv
our lady, Chalchiuhciuatl, Chalchiuitl icue, Chal- iollotzin totecujo.
chiuhtlatonac,® mother of the gods, sister of the gods.
For in thy hands this commoner is left. And it is thy
desert, thy merit, which was given thee in the begin-
ning, to wash, to cleanse this commoner who hath
come into thy presence. Incline thy heart, our lady!"
Behold, here is another way in which the midwife Izcatquj oc centlamantli, injc tlatlatlauhtiaia ticid,
prayed as she prayed to the goddess Chalchiuitl icue. injc qujtlatlauhtiaia in teutl, chalchivitl icue: qujlvia.
She said to her: "Our lady, Chalchiuitl icue, Chal- Totecujo, chalchiuhtli icue, chalchiuhtlatonac: ca
chiuhtlatonac, the tail feather, the wing feather, the oiecoc in cuitlapilli, in atlapalli, in maceoalli: ma
commoner hath arrived! Receive him!" xiqualmanjli.
Then the midwife took the water; she breathed Niman concuj in atl, in ticitl, conahaiovia: njman
upon it; then she made the baby taste it; she touched conpaloltia in piltzintli, ijelpan qujtlalilia, ioan ijc-
his chest and his head [with the water]. She pro- pac, quinotztinemj in piltontli: qujlvia. Noxocoiouh,
ceeded addressing the baby; she said to it: "My notelpuchtzin, ano^o qujlvia: nochpuchtzin: ma
youngest one, my beloved youth," or she said, "My itech ximaxiti in monan, in mota, in chalchiuhtli
beloved maiden, approach thy mother, thy father, icue, in chalchiuhtlatonac: m a mjtzalmanjli: ca
Chalchiuitl icue, Chalchiuhtlatonac! May she take iehoatl mjtzitqujz, m j t z m a m a z in tlalticpac:
thee, for she will bear thee, she will bear thee upon
her back on earth!'*
Thereupon she bathed the baby; she said to him: njman ie ic caltia, qujlvia in piltontli. Ma ximo-
"Enter, descend into the blue water, the yellow calaquj, ma xontemo in matlalac, in toxpalac: ma
water. May die lord of the near, of the nigh, wash mjtzmopapaqujli, ma mjtzmahaltili in tloque, naoa-
thee, cleanse thee. May he remove from thee the que: mano^o chico, tlanaoac qujmoviqujli: injc oti-
[evil I which was assigned thee, with which thou motlaloc, injc otichichioaloc in iooaian: ma chico,
wert vested in the beginning. May he put to one
danaoac iauh, in jnequal, in inequavitec in monan,
side the evil burdens of thy mother, of thy father,
in mota: auh iehoatl in jteuhio, in jtlagollo, in
and that which is the vice of thy mother, of thy
monan, in mota.
fathcr.M
And when she had prepared, when she had bathed
Auh in oquicencauh piltzintli, in ocalti: njman
the baby, then she swaddled him; she proceeded
qujqujmjloa, qujnotztinemj: quilvia. Cozcad, que-
addressing him; she said to him: "Precious necklace,
tzalli, chalchivitl, maqujztli, teuxivitl: otijocoloc in
precious feather, precious green stone, precious brace-
vmeiocan in chicunauhnepanjuhcan: omjtzima,
let, precious turquoise, thou wert created in the place
omjtziocux in monan, in mota in vme tecutli, in
of duality, the place [above] the nine heavens. Thy
vme cioatl, in jlvicacioatl: otimaxitico in tlalticpac,
mother thy father, Ome tecutli, Ome ciuatl the
heavenly woman, formed thee, created thee Thou in toneoaloian, in chichinacoian, in tona, in ceoa,
l ^ o m e ^ the earth, the place of torment, in eheca, in jteuhpouhcan, in jciauhcan, in amjeoaian,
in teucioaian, in cecmjcoaian, in chocoaia: ca amo
5. /to.: cholchiuhcioatl, y c h a ! c h i u j t l

6. mU "porque clla as a dc lUu ^c^uhtlat onac. »

a y 'n l o s braces ,n ...
e n e"e mundo "

176
 J, c of pain. w h c r c l t i s hot » w h c r c »* » cold,
«the wind blowcth. It is the placc of one'»
<k«o.un. a r U o c , ^
fiction, of one's weariness, a placc of thirst, a place
hunger, a place whcrc one freczcth, a place of uuiotl, tUnculli. — mi iJMnwtqujjunjhrix: choqujwhl
c u n z d i : onmiubcD
Ireping- { t i s n o t t n i c l h a t 11 i s a g o o d P l a c e ; l t i s a notdpuchtzin: inofot n • i r '^
!; itf of weeping, a placc of sorrow, a place where n u tUltcch
t n"» J I V . - :iv' 7 :iv n \ nu mjtzmjnix
suffereth. Here thou wilt be burdened with
Keeping, tears, sorrow, weariness. My youngest one,
jjjy beloved youth, or my beloved maiden, thou hast
^ e to arrive! Rest, settle on the ground. May our
lord, the lord of the near, of the nigh, provide for
thee, advise thec."T
All that which the midwife said she did not shout;
she only continued mumbling, only continued speak- In ixquTck q u i t » in tiatl, imo t u r t i ^ P T 1 * »
ing under her breath. But then she spoke aloud, she cahntmi, fan moernpeptionmnrmt Mill n | i i i
spoke vigorously; she addressed, she shouted to the naoati, tUqiuuhfbtM: qutiwcu. i|uimt».ia m
mixiuhqui: qujhoa.
woman lately delivered. She said to her:"

7. «,« u dupl**«d the MS

See Ch«p. U. « 6
177
 Thirty-third Chapter. Here are told the words
which the midwife said to exhort the newly-delivered
one, and how the kinsmen of the newly-delivered
one prayed to exhort the midwife because of her
travail which she had been through; and that which
she said to the newly-delivered one. Very beautiful
language it is, especially that which she replied to the
newly-delivered one.
"My beloved maiden, brave woman, thou hast
worked like a slave, thou hast labored, thou hast
become as an eagle warrior, thou hast become as an
ocelot warrior; thou hast raised up, thou hast taken
to the shield, the small shield. Thou hast exerted
thyself, thou hast encountered, imitated our mother
Ciuacoad, Quilaztli. N o w our lord hath placed thee
upon the eagle warrior reed mat, upon the ocelot
warrior reed mat. T h o u hast returned exhausted
from battle, my beloved maiden, brave woman; be
welcome. How doth our lord, the lord of the near,
of the nigh, determine ? Perhaps our lord will bless
ye each one separately; perhaps in separate times and
Places; perhaps thou wilt lose the baby which hath
arrived. Or perhaps he who created the baby will
just summon it, small as it is, will call it for himself.
Perhaps he will come to take thee. D o not go con-
standy bragging of it. Do not consider thyself:
worthy of it/ G o appealing in sorrow to our lord,
the lord of the near, of the nigh.
And when she had finished the « « m g ^
when it was done, then the m . d w ^ seated herseE
The old men, the old women began to beseech one
o n n f h f . r One old woman seaicu
another, to greet one anothenU ^ intla ilama tlatoa: qujtoa. Noconetzin, totecujo, tla-
herself; she besought the m gotitlacatl: otimotlacotili, otimotequjtili: oticmona-
of childbirth; s h e J ^ ^ j ^ Ia dy, pre-
spoke, she s a i d ^ My ^ ^ a slavC) ^ aviz nelle axcan, ca omecavi, ca otlalticpacquj$aco,
cious person thou ha ^ n o b l e w o m a n > Ciua_
hast l a b o r e d t h o u has vcrily now, the prop-
t h " n of our lord hath arrived, hath come
—- '<h text: "o por uentura an si chiqujtico como es, lo llamara el que lo hizo. por uentura te lo lleuara para si: mjra
1. Corresponding S p a n i * ' }n.0> teneos por indigna de auerlo rescebido
hija que no te ingnas. porqt
text.
179
Ic cempoalli onmatlactli omei capitulo- vncan
^ - tWH: in qotai. ricid, & ^ T
tiaia mjxiuhquj: loan in quenin tladadauhriaia in
joaiulque mjxiuhquj, injc qujtlatlauhtiaia ticitl: in
jpampa in jtlatcqujpanoliz, in vel oqujchiuh: auh in
qujtoaia mjxiuhquj, cenca qualli in tlatolli: oc
cenca īehoatl injc dacuepa mjxiuhquj.
Nochpuchtzin, quauhcihoarl: otidacotic, otitcqujt,
otiquauhtic, otocelotic, oticacocuico itlan tac in chi-
malli, in tevevelli, otimomaman: oticnamjc, oricda-
ehecalvi in tonan in CioacoatI, in qujiaztii: axcan
quauhpetlapan, ocelopetlapan mjtzmotlalilia in tote-
cujo: Omjhijotzinqujz, nochpuchtzin, quauhcihoad:
ma oc moiolicatzin, quen qujmoncqujltia in totecujo,
in tloque, naoaque: cujx nononqua, cujx cccecnj,
amechonmocneliliz in totecujo: at tocontlazteoaz,
in omecavi piltzintli: ano^e fan ixqujehtzin qujoal-
monochiliz, qujoalmotzatzililiz, in pilhoacatzintli:
afo mjtzonmanjliliqujuh, ma ticpopouhto, ma ie tic-
momactoca: ma oc xoconmotlaoculnonochilito in
totecujo, in tloque, naoaque.
Auh in oqujcencauh, in ie iuhquj: njman modalia
in ticid, peoa modadauhtia, modapaloa in vevetque,
in jlamatque: ce veve, ilama oalmotlalia: qujtla-
tlauhtia in temjxivitianj, in jmac tlacatioanj, qujlvia:
namjqujli in cihoapilli, in CioacoatI, in qujiaztii:
in jaxcatzin, in jtlachioaltzin totecujo: in ie macujl,
in ie matlac in ticchialia totecujo: aviz in ceiooal, in
cemjlvitl, in otoconmattinenca: in quenmach nenti
" Compare also n. 5 of this chapter with the NahuatI
 to emerge on earth. Already for a time we await him in tlacotiz, in tequjtiz in cioacoatl, in qujlaztli: quen-
from our lord. And behold, for a night, a day we mach nenti, a oic onjeatia in ijtitzin in tochpuchtzin,
have been preoccupied if possibly Ciuacoatl, Quilaztli in t o c o n e t z i n : quenmach nenti, oqujmovicalti in
would work, would labor;' if possibly that which ijtitzin, quen nen tiqujtoanj, tie tiqujtoanj, ac tictol-
was within our daughter, our girl, had gone ahead hvianj. Axcan ca otlacauhquj in ijollotzin totecujo:
[died]; if possibly she was to accompany that within otechmocnelili, njcan ijxco, icpac titlachia, in cozcatl,
her [to death]. In what manner might we speak? in quetzalli, in omecavi: motolinjcatzintli, motoli-
What might we say ? T o whom would we complain ? njtzinoa: a quen qujmonequjlilia in totecujo, cujx
Now that our lord hath conceded, hath shown us monoltitoz, cujx motetzaoaltiz: auh cujx achi quj-
mercy, we look into the face of the precious necklace, tlaliz tonatiuh, cujx no ie in a m o : ca titemjquj, ca
the precious feather which hath arrived, a poor little ticochitleoa, ca titemjctlamati. Auh ma$o nellehoatl,
thing, a destitute little thing. What end will our tlaltcch ximovetziti, ma tlaltech ximaxiti: ma moma-
lord require of it? Perhaps it will endure, perhaps tzin, mocxitzin xicmocevili: ma oc techmoiocoli in
it will mature. And perhaps it will live for a little totecujo, ma oc tictotemachilican, in quecin conmo-
rime. Also perhaps it will not be as we dream, as we nenequj'ltiz, ma tictochialilican: anca quen muztla,
see in our sleep, as we interpret our dreams.3 And viptla, anca quen tamjque o, in macujl, matlac: tie
since it is as it is, rest, find repose, rest thy hands, ticmatcatzintli, tlagotitlacatzintli: motzontecontzin,
thy feet. May yet our lord dispose for us; let us yet melchiquj uhtzin noconeoaz, noconquauhtiliz: ma
trust in that which he will dispose; let us await how ximotlacotili, ma ximotequjtili: auh ma mjtzmotla-
it will be tomorrow, the next day; how it will be matcatlalili in totecujo.
with us in a short while. Peace be with thee, precious
person! I shall pain, I shall trouble thy head, thy
breast. Work, labor! And may our lord rest thee in
peacc."
The one in charge of childbirth answered; she Tlananqujlia in jmac tlacatioanj: qujtoa. Tla$o-
said: "Precious persons, our ladies: our lord, he by titlaca, totecujoa: ca njcan amechalmotlalilia, in
whom we live, the lord of the near, of the nigh, seat- totecujo, in jpalnemoanj, in tloque, naoaque: a ca
eth you here, for verily now for a while ye have nelle axcan, ie macujl, ie matlac in acan veli anquj-
nowhere succeeded in doing your work. Without muchivilia: ā in anqujmococochmachititoque, in
sleep yc have remained awaiting if possibly our quenmach nenti in tlacotiz, in tequjtiz in tonan in
mother the noble woman Ciuacoatl, Quilaztli would cioapilli in Cioacoatl, in Qujlaztli, quenmach nenti
work, would labor; if possibly your daughter, our in cacocujz, in jtlan aqujz in chimalli, in tevevelli, in
child, would take up, would use the shield, the small amochpuchtzin, in toconetzin, quenmach nenti in
shield; if possibly she would give off, would cast
qujmoqujxtiliz, in qujmotlaxiliz in jeticauh in teco-
out, her heaviness, her pain; for it exacteth a tribute
cocauh: ca mjqujztequjtiz, cujx a tomjcca in ticioa-
of death. Certainly it is our mortality, we who are
tzitzinti ca toiaoiouh: ca vncan mjqujztequjti in
women, for it is our battle, for at this time our
Cioacoatl, in Qujlaztli in tonantzin.
mother, Ciuacoatl, Quilaztli exacteth the tribute of
death.
"And now our lord hath inclined his heart. In
Auh in axcan otlacauhquj in ijollotzin in totecujo:
some manner, in his absence, the maiden hath cast
forth the baby, our child. By her bravery, in some oquenteltzin yionjca, iteputzco qujtlaz in jchpuch-
manner our lord hath brought it to pass, hath sent it tzintli, in piltzintli, in toconetzin: ynjc tiacauh,

And here the girl, the maiden, and the youth brina T - tlanaoac qujmoviqujli in totecujo,
blessings to you; yet in our time the nrooertv th JCX 1 U J Z - A u h n )can amechonmocnopilhvilia in
creation of our lord arriveth; it appeared on earth - u ' ^ COnetontli> in jchpuchtontli: auh in tel-
puchtontli, oc amomatiantzinco in mecavia, in tlal-
2. Corresponding Spanish text: "
y tstauamos esperando qUe fi„
3. Ibid.: "P°rque esto no, e t t a ,a„
ū CStC nrsoc*°> y en que manera obraria cioacoatl qujlaztli...
COm° 10 q u e '°»'<"»os durmjedo

180
 rcCious
necklace, the precious feather. Here ve rir

1S3 f th: Ft( srs

^•nm its face: the thorn, the spine of the rand Pa ° q u ^ a in jaxcatzin in m

jntzicueoaUo, ^ X Z Z ^ t ' * * »
who already have gone to reside in the beyond
r
® vevetque, in j L a t " nachca on™ntivi

" the old men, the old women. Here the truth is tzinco tilmicdaS • n,Can nclJchoa "
Jat through our lord we seem to dream, to see in icpac titlach ! Z ^ m t0tCCU'0: ^
our dreams, that we look into the face of the one who piltzinth in n 3 r COZCatl>in q^tzalli, in

hath arrived, the precious necklace, the precious T „ niC3n °motIapanalti. A njcan ne Ie
hoad, nelle axcan, in njcan in jcnodaleoaC j e n t
feather, the baby, that which here hath been flaked catzaqualco in ocozcatlatlapanjlia, moquetzaltemjlia
off. Here the truth is that verily now, here in the m tlacatl totecujo in teiocoianj: a in tlacatl, in que-
humble mound of dirt, in the humble reed enclosure, tzalcoad: 3 njcan amoquechtlan, amotozcatlan,
die master, our lord the creator, the master, Quetzal- amomac qujmodalilia in cozcad, in quetzalli, in
coatl,flakethoff a precious necklace, placeth a pre- anemjuhquj in mavizric, in da^odi, in anecovil'onj,
cious feather. Here on your neck, in your bosoms, in in acan ca: amjxpantzinco, amomactzinco qujmotr
your hands he placeth a precious necklace, a precious mjlia in patlaoac in quetzalli, in vel iaque, in xopa-
feather, the incomparable, the wonderful, the pre- leoac.
cious, the priceless, the rare. In thy presence, in thy
hands he placeth a broad [feather], a precious
Auh in axcan mano^o nelli xoconmotlaoculnono-
feather, the well formed, the dark green."
"And now verily call out in contriteness to our chdican in totecujo, in tloque, naoaque: ma oc
xonelcicivican, ma oc xontlaocoiacan, quen qtijmone-
lord, the lord of the near, of the nigh. Sigh, sorrow: qujltia: cujx monoltitoz in njcan ticterajquj, in ricco-
how may he will ? Perhaps that of which we here chideoa, in cozcatl, in quetzalli: auh cujx motetz.i
dream, that which we see in dreams, will endure — oaltiz, cujx achi qujtlaliz tonatiuh: cujx ichoatl
the precious necklace, the precious feather. And per- teixiptlatiz, tepatillotiz, cujx qujnteiotiz qujntocaio-
haps he will grow strong, perhaps he will live for a tiz qujmjtauhcaiotiz in vevetque, in jlamatque: cujx
little time. Perhaps he will become the image of, will iehoatl qujntonaleoaz, qujntzonteconacocujz in col
represent, will bring honor, glory, fame to the old tin in ciri: a ma oc xicmottilianj, ma oc amjxpan
men, the old women. Perhaps he will revive the fate, tzinco ienj, in quenamj qujmoqujxtiliz totecujo, ma
will raise the heads of the grandfathers, the grand-
OC xicmomavi^alvianj:
mothers. O that ye may yet witness it, that it may
occur in your presence, in whatever manner our lord auh cujx noce, in qujntlatlaitoltiliz vevetque ila-
will bring it about! O that ye may yet marvel at it. m * . cujx popoiotzintli in n,can t.ctomav.^alv.lu
"And perhaps he will outrage the old men, the S o : a u h T i x no ie in atle ilhvilli in ade
old women; perhaps here [with an] ear of smutty maceoalli cujx ie in nenquj^ dapalmzth: cu,x
maize we bring honor to our lord. And also perhaps S S S i n . atzindi, conmopolhviz in tocecu,o cujx
nothing is the desert, nothing the merit. Perhaps ixqujehtzin qujoalmotzatzihliz, conman,hqu,uh m
already in vain was the nubility; our lord will destroy
^ n T x ^ ' a n q u i m o m a c h m a : mano^- ontlamj
the babe, small as it is. Perhaps the maker will sum-
• rhdauhtli, in elcicivilizdi: m a n i o c cenca ,tlan-
mon it, small as it is — will come to take it. ' " n f x o n m o c a l a q u j c a n in tloque. naoaque: ma
"Now be c o n c e r n e d : achieve the prayers, cn^ a nndawti ma itla amjtic anqujtou, ma anqu h
sighs; enter near unto the lord of the near, o a X t - t T n j n p i l - n t h : amide tlamadz in tote-
nigh. D o not presume, do not take credit for it, m
not consider that ye are worthy of this baby, I o r l „ llimj fūc) quensll» it perfect* ^cAura y de
4 e plum* I * *
our4.lord will discover
Ibid.: "puedo dextr
thy feelings.vuestros
He will
denir que a puesto en vuestras
deal wit
m»»"" . pointed.
in*d. Ci. „ sy prourcho njnguno. no
periecta color", yaque, in the Nahuatl text, would imply their hr ^ ^ de j r f * 'para », y
5. Corresponding Spanish text: "no sabemos si nro seHor nos^ ^ /jntanjto, y ternenlo
sabemos ynvntil [tic],
emos si es vna cosa ynvntu [sic J, lo que
que nos a dado, no sj
lo llamara y vendra por el el que lo htxo."
181
 cujo, topilneccaio techmaitiliz: amechonmotomjlili
us [because of] our desire for the child; he will
qujuh in jcozcatzin, in jquetzaltzin.
unclasp from you his precious necklace, his precious
feather.
T i e anqujmomachitia nopilhoantzitzin, tlagoti
"Take heed, my sons, precious persons, our lords.
daca, totecujooan: ixqujchtzin popolonj, tzatzacuj
All is stuttering, stammering, unstable, unsetdcd
aijeian, aitlaliloian ic njccuepa, ic njqujlochtia, in
with which I return, with which I reply to your
amonaniotzin, in amotaiotzin: ma daltech ximaxi-
motherhood, to your fatherhood. Find repose. May
tican, ma amechmotlamatcatlalili in totecujo: de
our lord rest you in peace. Pay heed to yourselves,
anqujmomachiltitzinoa dagotidacatzitzinti, totecuj-
precious people, our lords."
iooan.

182
 Thirty-fourth Chapter. Here it is told how the
rulers, the noblemen, or the merchants exhorted one Ic cempoalli onmatlactli onnavi capitulo, vncan
another in behalf of the first child w h o was born mjtoa: ,n quenin in datoque in pipiltin, anoco in
and the manner in which they clothed their sons' puchteca motlatlauhdaia: in jpampa in iacapantli
And they exhorted the baby, and they greeted him otiacat, ioan injc qujmjxquenuaia inpilhoan: auh
and his mother, his father, and his grandmother his injc qujtladauhriaia in piltontli, injc qujdapaloaia,
grandfather; [one o f ] the old men, the wise men, ioan in jnantzin, in jtatzin, auh in jcultzin, in jci-
tzin: vevetque muzcalianj, in vellatoa: inqujehioaia
the well-spoken did this. yn.
First he exhorted, he greeted the baby very well as Achto iehoatl qujdadauhdaia, qujdapaloaia in
he addressed him, although [the baby] did not hear piltontli: cenca qualli injc qujnonotzaia, macivi in
it; thereby he consoled only those who were the amo qujeaquia: ca fan iehoantin ic iollaliloia, in
mothers, the fathers of the baby. jnanoan, in jtahoan in piltontli.

When it was known that N . had given birth, then
was the beginning of the visiting. First the baby
which had arrived was greeted, addressed. And to
be greeted, the baby was uncovered, unclothed. Then
the mother was addressed; then the old men, the old
women, the mothers, the fathers, and finally the
father.
If it was a child of a ruler, the son of a ruler, the
son of a nobleman, as well as of an ordinary noble-
man, who was addressed, if it was a male [child], 1
°ne gave the greeting; he said to him: " O my grand-
son, O master, O our lord, O precious one, O pre-
cious person, O precious green stone, O bracelet, O
Precious turquoise, O precious feather, O hair O
fingernail, thou hast endured fatigue, thou hast
endured weariness; thou wert formed in the place ot
duality, [which is above] the nine heavens m tiers.
Thy mo her, thy father, Ome tecutli, Ome cuatl,
and vTnly the master, Topiltzin Quetzalcoad have
cast thee, have perforated thee. Thou wen: sent he
on earth, a place of weariness, a P ^ - of pam ^place
of affliction, a
where ^ w h e ^ X U are endured, suffered,
In onmachoc, in odacachiuh in N: njman ic
peoalo, in tlatlapalolo: achtopa dapalolo, achtopa
notzalo in omecavi piltzindi, Auh injc dapalolo pil-
tzindi: onjxtlapolo, onpetlaoalo: njman ic iehoatl in
nandi: njman ie iehoantin in vevetque, in jlamat-
que, in tenanoan, in tetahoan: auh fatepan notzalo
in tatli.
Inda tlatocaconed, intla tlatocapilli, intla tlafopilli:
intla fan nofo tecpilli, ilvilo. Intla oqujchtli tlatlapa-
loa: qujlhvia. Noxviuhdcatzine, tlacade totecoe, tla-
fotzinde, tlafotitlacade, chalchiuhde, maqujztle, teu-
xivide, quetzalle, tzonde, izdtle: oticmjhijovilti,
oticmociavild: otijoculoc in vmeiocan in chicunauh-
nepanjuhca: omjtzpitz, omjtzmamal, in monan, in
mota, in vme tecutli, in vme cihoatl: auh nelli
iehoatl, a in tlacatl in topiltzin in Quetzalcoatl. A
otioalioaloc in njcan dalticpac in jciauhcan, in jto-
neuhcan, in jchichinatzcan, in jteupouhcan, in cococ,
in teupouhquj iqujztocan, ijehoatocan: in vncan in
mjhijovia, in mociavi, in timalivi in tonevizdi, in
chichinaqujztli.

gl«fhou wert sent here on earth. Thou earnest not A ca otioalioaloc in njcan tlalticpac: ca amo tavia-
to rejoice, thou earnest not to be content; thou earnest co: ca amo tivellamatico, ca toneoaco, ca chichina-

nding Spanish text: "dixesele delta manera (si et varon, el que habla) y viejo principal.'
1 Ck JC*P"donde lot dolorei, y afliciones se enseHorean, y se glorifican "
2' ' " 183
 that thy bones, thy body should endure pain, suffer caco in momjiotzin, in monacaiotzin: auh ca titla-
affliction. And thou wilt work like a slave, thou wilt cotiz, ca titequjtiz, ca ticciaviz in tlalticpac: injc oti-
labor, thou wilt suffer weariness here on earth. For oalioaloc.
this reason wert thou sent.
Auh ca otichichioaloc: ca otitlamamacoc in iooaia,
"And thou wert arrayed, thou wert laden in the
ca tidagovitz: a ca ie macuil, ca ie matlac, ca ie
beginning to come to be esteemed. Already for a
cexiuhu ca ie oxiuh: ca ie ixqujch cavitl in mjtzchoca,
while, already for a year, already for two years,
in mjtzelcicivi, in atl in tepetl: ca mjtztemachitoc in
already for a long time the city weepeth for thee,
mocujtlapil, in matlapal: ago ticnopil, ago timaceoal
sigheth for thee. Thy vassals remain awaiting thee.
in atl, in tepetl: ago achica; ago cemjlvitl mjxco,
Perhaps thou art the desert, the merit of the city.
mocpac tlachiaz: ago mjtztlaneviz: at ic otioalioaloc
Perhaps for a little while, perhaps for a day it will
in titlatqujz, in titlamamaz, tictlapializ, tictlaveltete-
behold thy face; perhaps it will borrow thee. Perhaps
qujliz in tloque, naoaque: tehoatl tiqujnqujmilpa-
thou hast been sent to carry, to bear on thy back, to
tlaz, tiqujncacaxpatlaz in totecujiooan in tetecutin, in
place in order [the government] for the lord of the
tlatoque, in ie nachca onmantivi: in otlacotico, in
near, of the nigh. Thou wilt assume the bundle,
otequjtico, in oqujtlaveltetequjlico in totecujo:
assume the carrying frame for our lords, the noble-
men, the rulers who remain residing beyond, those
who came to serve, who came to labor, who came to
place the government in order for our lord.
tehoatl itlan taqujz, tehoatl ticmamaz in atl, in
"Thou art to serve diligently, thou art to assume
the burden of the city. Thou art to become tired, to tepetl, tehoatl ticiaviz, tehoatl teticiviz, tiqujmjle,
feel the weight; thou art to be the one with the ticacaxe tiez, tehoatl timalacaioaz, tehoad tecauhio
bundle, the carrying frame. Thou art to be the oaz, ticeoalloaz: motlan mocalaqujz in cujtlapilli, in
umbrage, thou art to be the shade, the shadow, atlapalli.
beneath which the vassals are to enter.
"O ruler, O our lord, O precious person, perhaps Tlacatle totecoe, tlagotitlacatle: ago titocnopiltiz,
we shall deserve, shall merit that perhaps for a little ago titomaceoaltiz, ago achica cemjlhvitl timjtztoda-
while, for a day, we shall receive thee as a loan. nevitzinozque: ago mjtzicnopilviz in atl, in teped:
Perhaps die city will deserve thee. But perhaps not. auh acanogomo: acago tie ilhvilli, acago de mace-
Perhaps there is no desert, perhaps there is no merit. oalli: ago tixqujchtzin toxamanjz, tonpoztequjz:
Perhaps, small as thou art, thou wilt shatter, thou tlagotitlacatzintle maqujztle, quetzalle, teuxivide
wilt become rent.1 O precious person, O bracelet, totecoe: ago tixqujchtzin mjtzonmanjliqujuh in
O precious feather, O precious turquoise, O our lord,
motatzin, in pilhoacatzintli, ago iuh qujmonequjltiz:
perhaps small as thou art, thy father, thy maker, will
at cauhtimanjz, at iooatimanjz in atl, in tepetl: at
come to take thee. Perhaps he will so determine that
inencauhian qujmuchiviliz in totecujo.
the city will remain desolate, will remain in dark-
ness; perhaps our lord will cause it to become his
place of abandonment.
" O our lord, O precious one, O precious person
thou hast endured pain, thou hast endured fatigue' Totecoe, tlagotzintle, tlagotitlacatle: oticmjhijo-
Thou hast come to arrive; find repose, find rest. vilti, oticmociavilti, otimaxitico: ma tlaltech xima-
xiti, m a ximocevitzino: otimaxitico totecoe, tlago-
^ come to arrive, O our lord, O precious
person. r titlacatle.

Then [the speaker] greeted, welcomed the oarent

[newly] delivered one. He said to her ? ' N i m a n qujtlapaloa, qujciauhquetza in pilhoa, in

«e of good cheer. Rest in neace O m j x i u h q u j : qujlvia.

daughter, O my daughter, O dove O^i^Jon^O T i e ticmomachitia, tie ticmatcatzintli, noxiuhtzine,
one> 0 nochpuchtzine, cocotze, tepitze, xocoiutle: otitla-
3. Ibid.:
'por uentura tamanjto como
<*ays, os harcys pcdacos comn j "
J, como piedra prcciosa. o os qucbrarcys como plumaxe rtco....

184
 ungcst child! Thou hast worked, thou hast
thou hast helped, thou hast encountere
iu SZ m u Cr'
Ciuacoatl, Quilaztli. Thou hast imitated her.
L!.^
0VV verily, our lord hath shown mercy; he hath
inc lined his heart; for the precious one, the precious
necklace, the precious feather hath come to arrive
bath come to emerge; for arrived is the hair, the
fingernail of our lords, of those who already have
gone beyond to die, to reside; for the spine, the thorn
of the lords, of the rulers, hath budded, hath blos-
somed; for the spine, the maguey4 which our lords
who have gone excelling in honor, who have gone
being great, planted deep, have come to appear —
have come to emerge. Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl hath
torn a precious necklace, rent a precious feather from
thee.
"Our lord hath inclined his heart. In some way the
lord of the near, of the nigh, hath taken, hath moved
away from thee thy battle, for thou hast labored
against death. Perhaps our lord will bless the two of
you separately, perhaps he will desire in a separate
manner for each one. Perhaps thou wilt depart leav-
ing, depart abandoning the baby. Or perhaps, small
as he is, a tender little thing, the lord of the earth
will destroy the precious stone, the arm band, the
precious thing. Perhaps he who made the child will
come to take it from us, will come to seize it from
us. Perhaps it hath come only to pass before the city.
Perhaps it is our desert, our gift, that our lord yet
deludeth us. May yet be done that which he deter-
mined!, that which he willeth. May we yet verily
place all our faith in him.
"I cause thee to sweat; I shall bring, I shall move
sickness upon thee; upon thee I shall move castiga-
tion. Work, labor, O our lady, O noblewoman U
precious one. All stuttering, stammering, unstable,
unsettled is that with which I greet thee, I welcome
thee. Rest in peace, O precious person, O our lady.
He then addressed those in charge of the baby,
those who watched over it, the old men, the o
women. He said to them: "Ye who are here present,
here ye are inclining your hearts to our grandson, t e
precious necklace, the precious feather, who hath
arrived, who hath appeared on earth. The precious
4. jmjeuh: sec C h a p . 3 1 , n. 5 . T h e corresponding Spanish, however, is
p>vi odc„amj, odcdairic .
^ ^lewoman
£ « ^ T " f in jiollo-
t l a s o t l i , i n c S inn T ' a " " " W ^ o ,„
opavetzico in ,nvitz, in jmjeuh, in vecatlan contlaz-
tehoaque in totecujooan, in vecapanjxtivi, in veveix-
tivi: otehoatzin motechtzinco ocozcadapan, oquc-
tzalpuztec, in topiltzin in quetzalcoad.
Otlacauhquj ijollotzin in totecujo: oqucntcltzin
ochico, tlanaoac qujmoviqujli, qujmorcqujli in tlo-
que, naoaque in moiaoiotzin: ca otonmjqujztequjt:
afo nononqua in amechmocneliliz totecujo: at no-
nonqua, in quen qujmonequjltiz: in at toconmoca-
viliteoaz, in at toconraotlaxiliteoaz, in piltzintli: at
noce ixqujchtzin, atzintli, conmopolviz in tlalticpa-
que: in chalchiuhdi, in maqujztli, in tla^otli: afo
techonmocujliliqujuh, a?o techonmanjliliqujuh in
pilhoacatzintli: a$o gan Lxtlan onquj^aco in ad, in
tepetl: acafo tolvil, acafo tonemac. A ma oc techmo-
iocoli in totecujo: ma oc qujmjtalvi, in tlein qujmj-
talvia, in dein qujmonequjltia: ma oc nelle tictocen-
temachilican.
Nimjtznjtonjlia: 5 mopantzinco njqualvicaz,
njqualolinjz in temuxtli, in ehecad: motlantzmco
n qujquanjz in quavid, in ted: ma x.motlacotih, ma
ximotequjtili totecoe, cihoapille tla9otzintle: ixqujch-
tzin popolonj tzatzacuj, aijeian aidaliloian: ic n,m,tz-
nodapalvia, njmjtznociauhquechilia: tie ticmatca-
tzindi, da^otidacade totecujoe.
Niman qujnnotza in jtlan onoque, in qujpia pil-
rzindi in vevetque, in jlamatque: qujmjlvia. Ca
nican anmonoltitoque. 3 ca njcan tlacauhtica in
a m o i o l l o t z i n , in jtloc, in jnaoac in toxviuhtzin in
cozcatl, in quetzalli: in vmecavi, m omotlalticpac-
qujxti in chalchiuhdi, in maqujzdi, in tzontli, in
•la cspin" de maguey, y la cafia de humo/
185
 jztid: oc njcan achica cavid, ccmjlvitzintli, amcch-
stone, the bracelet, the hair, the fingernail' yet here
onmocnopilhvilia: a njcan onquaquauhtitica 6 cece
for a little while, a mere day, needeth you. Here
poatica in a x n o m j i o t z i n , in a m o n a c a i o t z i n • mk
your bones, your bodies are benumbed, tired. Ye
anmuchiuhtzinozque o, ac anqujmottilia- auh
who will do such as this, whom do ye esteem, and
itcch a n q u j m o c a v i l i a : a $ o c iehoatl i n j c a m e c h r n ^
in whom do ye confide? Without doubt the lord,
vilia in totecujo, in tloque, naoaque: oc amehoantz'
the lord of the near, of the nigh, hath conceded to
tzin anqujmottilia, anqujmomavi ? alhvia in jlhyicoir
you that yet ye esteem, ye wonder at the feast, the
in tlamavi^olli in qujchocativi, in quelciciuhtivi •
marvel. Those whom the lord of the near, of the
oqujnmopolhvi, in oqujnmotlatili in tloque na
nigh, destroyed, whom he hid, go weeping, go sigh-
que in aqujtztivi, in aqujcnopUvitivi, i n m a c h T l
ing for it; they do not go regarding it, they do not go
iehoantin in tzoneque, in jzteque in totecujiooan
meriting it; it seemeth that verily these same who
are possessors of hair, who are possessors of finger-
nails, are our lords.6 „ u • avcan njcan t o p a n q u j m u c h i v i l i a in
"And now here upon us our lord bringeth about, AUH tooan qujmotemovilia in jlvj 9 olli, in tla-
bringeth down upon us the feast, the marvel. Here totecujo: ^ ^ ^nmocozcatlamachitia: a njcan
ye take pleasure in the precious necklace, ye find
o q u e t z a l ap a" Jc ^ v m a a n q qU j]t i m a l o t i c a t e , ^anqujmo
mavi^olh:
^
pleasure in the precious feather. Ye are finding glory
damachuncate n d a ^ , ^ m ^
in it. Ye are rejoicing in the precious thing, the
bracelet, the round, well-smoked, precious turquoise; in olohvic, in ve popoc ^
m m yd
the reed-like, navel-like, the truly herb green, the
well-textured, precious green stone; the precious iaque' in ^opaleoac: ā n j c a n anpilhoacateuhtlamat-
feather, well formed, very green.7 Here are ye who
toque: auh m a n o * o x o c o n c u j l t o n o c a n , mano^o
are considered parents. Find wealth, rejoice in the
xocontlamachtican in cozcatl, in quetzalh: in tzicue-
precious necklace, the precious feather, the chip, the
oallotl in tlapancaiotl, in tzontli, in jztitl in tlaSo-
fragment, the hair, the fingernail, the precious thing.
Consider yourselves as parents. And verily, still at tli- ma oc xonpilhoacateuhtlamattocan: auh mano^o
night there is the going to achieve the weeping, the nelle oc ioan ontlanto in choqujztli, in ixaiotl, in
tears, the sorrow, the prayers. Verily, even now call tlaoculli in tlatlauhtli. M a oc nelle axcan xoconmcv
out in sorrow to the god, the ruler, the lord of the tlaoculnonochilitocan in teoutl, in tlatoanj, in tloque,
near, of the nigh, the one who doth as he pleaseth, naoaque, in moiocoia, in m o q u e q u e l o a :
the one who mocketh.
"How will it be if the master, our lord, hath willed quenmach nenti teutl qualo, tlatlatzinj otopan
that upon us there be an eclipse, that there be qujoalmonequjlti: o$an techonmanjlilico i n tlacatl
thunder, diat he hath only come to deprive us? 8 totecujo, q u e n m a c h n e n t i ochoqujztli, tlaoculli quj-
How will it be if he by whom we live bringeth down motemovili in j p a l n e m o a . A mano^o nelli a ie tocon-
weeping, sorrow? Verily, we already feel unworthy
tomactocacan: ā i n n j c a n t i c t e m j q u j , ticcochitleoa in
of that of which we here dream, which we see in
piltzintli in t o x v i u h t z i n : ā m a oc nelle axcan ticto
dreams, the baby, our grandson. Yet verily let us
temachilican: m a tictochialilican in quen muztla,
have faith, let us await how it will be in a day in
viptla: qujoalmonequjltiz in pilhoacatzintli, in
two d a y s - h o w the maker, the owner of the bJby
axcaoacatzintli: auh i ?an nel oc maia, i ?an cuel
will determine. And in a short time, soon, he will
achic: ca q u j o a l m o n e q u j l t i z , in quenman qujoalm^
determine it in the manner in which he will deter
mine. nenequjltiz.

^ "« — • V * * . . cf D hH
Book X,
1*
. e
y *•• ' Cf - Dibble and Anderson, Florentine Codex,
6.
o. See n. 5,
5.
7 See Chap.
7. ru 33, n. 4.
8. Corresponding Spanish text: • f

186
 our daughter, the noblewoman, the valiant
j he youngest daughter, is here present. She Auh ca njcan monoltitoc in tochpuchtzin in cL
cihoa-
forked, she hath labored, she hath fought, she pilli, in cioatecutli, in xocoiotl: ca otlacodc^te."
^h labored against death; and she hath escaped qujt, ca oiaot, ca oonmjqujztequjt: auh ca oconjneuh
f j, Only incline your hearts. May she yet recover in mjqujztli. Manioc tlacaoa in amoiollotzin: ma
; r[t]e at your hands. May she not fall sick of s< oc amomactzinco in achitzin oalmjmati: ma itla
some- ic otimocaxanj: ca oc njcan amechonmocnopilhvilia:
j^g. For she still hath need of you here. O
our de anqujmomachiltia totecujiooane, nopilhoantzi-
orj5,0 my sons, rest in peace. Do thy work."
Later he greeted the parent, the father. He tzine: ma ximotlacotilican.
addressed him; he said to him: "O lord, O our lord, Qatepan qujtlapaloa in pilhoa, in tatli, qujnotza:
0 my grandson, O precious person, I shall offend qujlhvia. Tlacade totecoe, noxviuhdcatzine, tlafo-
thee, I shall reject thee, and I shall confuse thee, as
titlacatle: njmjtznococolhviz, njmjtznodaxiliz: a
ioan njmjtznotlalcaoaltiliz: caritlacoti,ca titequjd:
thou workest, as thou laborest. Yet verily, thou art
a ca oc nelli tehoatzin tinetlaxonjuh, tidatlapitzal
the seat, thou art the flute — thou hast become such
tonmuchioa in tloque, naoaque in totecujo in iooalli,
for the lord of the near, of the nigh, our lord, the
in ehecatl: ca oc toneticivi, ca oc tonmjtonja in petla-
night, the wind; for yet thou art burdened, thou
pan; in jcpalpan: in vncan aiatlamattivi, in aonda-
sweatest from the government which here is intoler- iecotivi: in tiqujnqujmjlpatla, in tiqujncacaxpatla in
able, insufferable. Thou assumest the bundle, thou totecujiooa in mjtzmocavilitivi: oc tehoatzin tocon-
assumest the carrying frame for our lords who have motlapialilia in totecujo: oc tehoatzin toconraotla-
departed leaving it to thee. Thou yet guardest it for veltetequjliha in petlapan, in jcpalpan ,n jmav.zio-
our lord; thou yet placest the government, his place
of honor, in good order.
"It is here only little, strange, incomplete with ca fan achitzin njcan aiuh qujzcaiot], aiuh tlanca-
which I slip, I trip in thy presence. I greet, I entreat ioti: ic mjxpantzinco njnalaoa, njnotepotlamja: njc-
hands, thy feet, thy eyes, thy heart, because the tlapaloa, njctlatlauhtia in momatzin, in mocxitzin,
master, our lord, the lord of the near, of the nigh, he in mjxtzin, in moiollotzin: in jca, in jpampa in
otlaocux, in otlacauhquj ijollotzin, in tlacatl in tote-
by/ "uum
whom W e uve,
we live, natn n c n n c u ma
hath l inclined his heart; he hath
/>« • - — __ 1 • — ~ cujo, in tloque, naoaque, in jpalnemoanj: in oquj-
given, he hath sent a precious necklace, a precious momacavili, in oqujoalmjoaJi, in cozcatl, in quetzalli:
feather, thy image, thy blood, thy color, thy hair, in moneiximachiliz, in meziotzin, in motlapallotzin,
in motzontzin, in moztitzin. in motzicueuhcatzin,
%fingernail,thy chip, thy flake. in motlapanca.
Aca nelle axcan ca otimjxipdaiotitzino, ca otimo-
patillotitzino: otixotlac, oticuepon: otlacauhquj in
"Verily now, thou hast f o r m e d thy image, thou jiollotzin in totecujo, oqujmocnelili in atzin, in jtepe-
hast formed thy picture; thou bast sprouted thou tzin: oiol, otlacat, otemoc, ooalioaloc in vmeiocan, in
Hast blossomed. Our lord ha^nclined h l he^rt, chicunauhnepanjuhcan: in qujtqujz, in qujmamaz,
he hath blessed his city." [The child.^h in jatzin yn jtcpetzin totecujo: a ce nelli in jlhvilli,
ormed, born; he hath descended I he hath to in maceoalli. ago monoltitoz, ago motetzaoaltiz, ago
rom the place of duality, « over] ^ ^ achi qujtlaliz in tonatiuh, ago achi qujtoqujliz in
heavens
city in tiers,
of our lord. toFor
bear,
a cto
e rassum
tain.,, ^ — ^ ^ ^ g totecujo: ago ijxco, icpac tlachiaz in atl, in tepetl:
deserved,
city of ourmerited.
lord. ForPerhaps
a certainty,
he will ^- d u^
re - 1^ ago qujcnopilhviz in cujtlapilli, in atlapalli: 5 iceoal-
lotzin, a iecauhiotzin itlan mocalaqujz.
develop; perhaps he w l l ^ ^ ^
will continue
continue aa htde
h ™ * 1m
11' , .
face; perhaps
^ p , the com-
[hc com.
the city
haps the city
w i l l behold to shadc> into
mon folk will deserve to
9. Read Alternatively, the phrase might be read «« (fo) "dli.
1 0 . Read 4 ~ ndU. 1 8 7
 Tlacatie, nopiltzintzine, totecoe, da^otzinde, da-
" O lord, O my sons, O our lord, O precious one,
Sotitlacatle: motzontecontzin, melchiqujuhtzin nj-
O precious person, I shall pain thy head, I shall pain
queoaz, njmjtznotlapololtiliz, njmjtznotlalcaoaltiliz:
thy breast. I shall trouble thee, I shall impede thee.
ma ximotlacotili, ma ximotequjtili: ixqujchtzin ic
Work, labor! This is all with which I salute thy
njctlapaloa in motecuiotzin in modatocaiotzin nox-
lordship, thy rulership, O my grandson, O precious viuhticatzine, tla^otitlacade.
person."
 Thirty-fifth Chapter. Here are told fk.
the a r d o r s of t h c ru.ers J f ^ r ^ Ic ccmpoalli oncaxtolli capimJo. rncan m,m. «
5

toing] ernes said to entreat, to erect hJ . tlattJh: in qujtoaia ui dtJann, m jntIaK*|Tan c*ca
in altepctl ipan daroque: in* qu.nrladjuimau. in*
* * id w were qujndapaloaia in pipilrotonn: nun in inrah.*n. ,n
jnnanoon: auh in quenjn nanquihlow.
" 0 my grandson, O master, O our lord, thou work-
Noxviuhtioatzine. tlacafle. roccror. ca rimoduo
est, thou laborest. I shall confuse thee, I shall trouble
lia, ca timotequjolia: nimjtznoclakaoalnlir. n»nvr«
thee. H e r e in thy presence I arrive, I stand; verily
notlapololtiliz: in njcan nuipantrirvo ni»i, n»n«>
the l o r d , thy younger brother, the ruler N . , who out
quetza. A ca nechoalmioali, one*, hoalropeuh in
there serveth as guard for thee in [the city o f ] N ,
tlacatl in miccauhmn. in datoanj in N in na. S. a
sent me, dispatched m e here. in tlapializdi mjtroninuchivililia in N:
"He said: 'Go, sec the lord my younger brother ca conmitalhvia. Tla xoutiuh: iHjiuinvunli in
who serveth, who governeth. Greet him, because our tlacatl, in mjccauhtzin: in tJacori, in fr^mn: «kjuai
lord hath shown him mercy, hath inclined h.s heart, motlatlauhtili: in ipampa: in orlaorux. in otUcauh
hath given him his property, his creation. the W quj in iiollotzin totrcujo: in oqutmom* avili m
[Tell him] that f r o m here [his younger broker jaxcatzin, in jtlachioaltzin in piltiintli. Ca i«.jic. h
greeteth him, cntrcatcth him, because the p r ^ o m capa quioalmotlapalhvu, qu|oalmt«latlaiihrilu in
omecavi in coccatl, in quetzalli, in chakhmri, w
maqujztli, in jnvitzio, in jmaoaio, in rnfrcuiiomn m
tcTh £ ' A m
datoque. in ie nachca onmomanilnnvi, in ina»
cueuhca, in jntlapanca: in rzoneijiK, in nrrqur in
[it is] their chip, their flake. 1 hey are in ^
mezioczm, in motJapalJotzin, in ma»vrnim*hilu
of hair, the possessors o f glory, their o i n : ca oxodac, ca ocuepon, in )nmo, in imKauha
thy color, thy reflection, ^ ^ s o m e d . to glorify, m qujnteKXiz, in qujmjuuhtaiott* in jtrc(uuhc*«it.
renown hath germinated, n a " 1 i t $ g^at grand- in lachcocoltzitzmoan: auh ca oqunnomaunli m
to make illustrious its orrfatnc * a g x f t of thy totecujo, in ratxipdatzin, in mnpafdlo.
fathers. And verily our lord hath
image, thy likeness. a WU1 it? ^ Auh quen ic qujmonoquvlru in rcrfrvu*»: (Jrtn
" Ann
And now
how nomdoth »«««
our •<"-
l o r d -— , D qinmoHXolificj: qurn qutmifjJviricj: cwn
l s he doin«r ? I n what manner is ne < ec
_ L'ic t o ' ^ ^ Perhaps tlathuti qutmuchmlu., cujx folhviltii,
Sap, he «Til cause «he - n in chakhiubtk in mjqutxtb in rrunuhrii: cujx m*xr
t the
we shall deserve, w o h ^ ^ ^ ^ p e rnoalft^ CUT* aehititn qutmoeLakla in tunjciah*
I turq
stone, the bracelet. | i v r a little time. cu?i vrl achi quitin<rw|^|ilii in cuts qu>
he wi 11manTrc • Perhap* he will * tlacchs; quvfe^uftis in i m m , in ftrpefzin: ni|«
perhaps he will continue a little in the *TVKC
quK'nopikts, cuix quiRucroMu; in c i p t k p ^ in
lord. Perhaps he will rule, govern, hit acy. Irrhap*
atUpiUi :
the vassals will deserve, will merit him.
" 'And perhaps, moreover, soon the ow nrr,
rhe auh CUYX r*v> FIN aid quyoslmonochila, cuix FAN
child's maker, will summon it; prrhapi hr will
•OOO cue! quKulmoriJintjrxililif in «xcaoicjrxintli, in pti-
hoscjtxintli.
cry" out for above
ir. In axcin: ma oc cenca tictocentrnuchilican in
'Now, all, let us luvc faith in our lord. the
rofccuh\ in tloque, naoaque, ipalnemoa.
lord of the near, of the nigh, in him by whom we
live.' 189
 "This is all ye hear with which are supplicated ye
who are our lords. Exercise thy office, thy task, O
master, O ruler, O our lord."
Then one of the old men stood up. He responded
for the baby and the parents, and he also responded
for the old men, for the old women, for the father;
he responded for all. He said: "Thou hast suffered
pain, thou hast endured fatigue, O my son, for here
thou hast inclined thy heart, thy body; thou hast
delivered thy motherliness, thy fatherliness which the
old men, the old women caused to be left to you,
caused to be given to you; that which lieth folded,
that which resteth inert in thy bosom, in thy breast:
an incomparable thing. Here with a word or two
thou entreatest, thou greetest the baby, the one which
hath arrived, which our lord hath given, the one he
hath here given, the one he hath here sent. Although
it cannot talk, although it cannot speak, for him thou
confidest in, thou appealest to, thou entreatest our
lord, the lord of the near, of the nigh, who is above
all, the maker, the owner of the baby.1
"In what manner will he who is our lord dispose
it? Perhaps we shall be deserving; perhaps we shall
reap merit. Perhaps he will endure, perhaps he will
develop. Perhaps he by whom we live will accord
him a little [time]. Perhaps he will be one's image,
one's likeness. Perhaps he will bring forth fame —
will glorify our lords, the lords, the rulers. Perhaps
he will cause the glory, the renown of our lord to
sprout, to blossom.
"Perhaps also there is no desert, there is no merit.
Perhaps small as [the baby] is, our lord will sum-
mon him. There is death not only for the old men,
death not only for the old women; for night and
day all are going forth. Verily our mother, our
father, Mictlan tecutli, calleth, summoneth those in
the cradle, those who rest on the cradle board, those
on the surface of the ground, those who heap up the
earth, the potsherds, and those who totter, diose who
crawl, and those who stand as they go, like shining
pendants; [and] the mature woman, the mature
man.
"Certainly now, we dream of, we see in dreams
the precious necklace, the precious feather. Perhaps
catl, in quetzalli: cujx tolhvil, c u j x tomaceoal, cujx
our desert, our merit, our lot, is that the baby cometh
only to pass before our eyes.
1. Read axcauacatzintli.
190
Ca ixqujchtzin in anqujmocaqujtitzinoa, i n j c
anmotlatlauhtitzinoa in antotecujiooan: ma ximo-
dacotili, ma ximotequjtili tlacade, tlatoanje, tote-
cujoe. 1 , - 1
Niman oalmoquetza ce vevetlacatl: qujtlananquj-
lilia in piltzintli, ioā in pilhoa, ioan no qujntlanan-
qujlilia in vevetque, in j l a m a t q u e , in t e t a t z i n :
qujcentlananqujlilia: qujtoa: Oticmjhijovilti, otic-
mociavilti nopiltzintzine: ca njcan tlacaoa in moiol-
lotzin, in monacaiotzin: ticmocavilia in monaniotzin,
in mo'taiotzin: in amechmocavililitiaque, in amech-
momaqujlitiaque in vevetque, in jlamatque, in moxil-
lantzinco in motozcatlantzinco in cuelpachiuhtoc, 1
cepoatoc in a n e m j u h q u j : njcan cententica, cencama-
tica ticmotlatlauhtilia, ticmodapalvia in piltzintli in
omecavi, in oqujmomacavili in totecujo, in oqujoal-
momacavili, in oqujoalmjoali: macace motlatolda,
macace monaoatilia: ca iehoatzin ticmomaqujlia,
ticmononochilia, ticmotlatlauhtilia in totecujo, in
tloque, naoaque in mache pilhoacatzintli, in axcao-
catzintli:
quen ie qujmonequjltia in iehoatzin totecujo: cujx
tocnopiltiz, cujx tomaceoaltiz, c u j x monoltitoz, mote-
tzavitiz, cujx achi qujmuchiviliz in jpalnemoanj:
cujx iehoatl teixiptlatiz, tepatillotiz: cujx qujntonal-
eoaz, cujx qujmjtauhcaiotiz in totecujiooan in tete-
cutin, in tlatoque: cujx iehoatl qujnxodaltiz, qujn-
cueponaltiz, in jnteio, in jntoca in totecujooan:
cujx no^e in amo tie ilhvilli, in amo de maceoalli:
cujx ixqujchtzin qujoalmotzatzililiz in totecujo. Ca
amo vevemjcoa, ca a m o i l a m a m j c o a : ca ceiooal, ca
cemjlvitl in viloatimanoa, ca qujoalnotza ca qujoal-
tzatzilia in tonan, in tota in Mictlan tecutli: in co?ol-
tzintli, in quavic onoc in tlalli ijxco c a : in tlalli, ya
tapalcatl in cololoa: auh in moquequetza, in movi*
lana: auh iehoatl in ie peioctzintli, viloaticac in jiol-
loco cioatl, in jiolloco oqujchtli.
Ca $an nelle axcan t i c t e m j q u j , ticcochitleoa in coz-
tonemac in piltzintli: ca ? a n tixtlan onquj^aco. :
 „0 my nobleman, thou hast inclined thy heart-
for thy motherliness, thy fatherliness, the precious' Nopiltzi
intzine, otlacauhquj inraoiollotzin:ca
jj,c marvelous [words] have come forth. And also
oqujz in monaiotzin, in motaiotzin, in tla^otli, in
hcre with a word or two thou showest respect to,
maviztic: auh no njcan cententica, cencamatica
^ou salutest those who are here present, those who tiqujnmociauhpovilia, tiqujnmociauhquechilia:
here have endured fatigue, the mothers, the fathers, njcan monolritoque, in njcan qujrajhijoviltitoqu in
the old men, the old women, the white-haired ones| nanti, in tati, in vvevetaue. in i l a m o ^ - - ue in
the white-headed ones, those in whose time it came one in
e v c tque, in jlamatque, in tzonlzta'

to pass that the baby arrived, the hair, the fingernail mucmoa, m omecavi p.ltzmtli, in jntzon, in j jzti
m
of our lords whom our lord hath destroyed, hath 1 m 010 in
hidden. Here we have taken all the incomparable, S T ^^ ' ^o:
the wonderful, the precious [words] of thy motherli-
on can tococencujque in anemjuhquj, in maviztic, in
ness, thy fatherliness. Here we have opened the
, ' i n m °naiotzin, in motaiotzin: njcan otocon-
coffer, the reed chest. The incomparable hath come
tlapoque in toptli, in petlacalli, ovalqujz, ovalchaia-
forth, hath spread out; we have scattered it about; oac: otococecenmanque in anemjuhquj, in mjric-
that which our lord hath inserted, that which he tzinco caquj, qujdali in totecujo, in mjtzmoiollotili:
hath placed within thee,2 that with which he hath mafo cana tocontlatlazri, ma^o rictlachitonjliti in
inspired thee. May we not cast somewhere aside, totecujo: njcan tontlanenqujxtia, njcan titlanenpo-
reject, the things of our lord; [for] here we neglect, loa. Auh ieehoatzin in tlacad: in dacoti, in tequjti,
here we depreciate things. And this lord [N.], who in oc cuel achic in cemjlhvitl, qujtlanevia in totecujo,
serveth, who governeth for yet a little while, for a in jca tlatemoa: oconmocujli, oconmanjli,! cententli,
day: our lord taketh him in place of another, while l cencamatl, in chalchiuhtic, in tla^otic, in maviztic:
he seeketh [for another].3 He hath taken, he hath in monaiotzin, in motaiotzin: in mjtictzinco caquj,
grasped the word or two, like precious green stones, in mjtziollori in totecujo in tloque, naoaque: iuh
timuchiuhtzinoz o: ca iehoatl 6, injc ie achica, injc
like precious things, like marvelous things — t h y
ie cemjlhvitl anqujmotlamavi^alhvilia in totccujo:
motherliness, thy fatherliness, which our lord, the
iehoatl o, injc ie antzonjztaque, in ie anquaiztaque,
lord of the near, of the nigh, hath inserted within
injc ie anpipinque: iehoatl injc oamechmoteudalili,
thee, with which he hath inspired thee. Thou wilt
in tloque naoaque: oricmocnelili in tlacatl in xoco-
so do that. That is because already for some time, for iud in N : ac qujcuepaz, ac qujlochiz, in monaiotzin,
a day, ye have produced the marvels of our lord. In in motaiotzin: mach oc tlachicaoa, mach oc tlapipi-
that [exercise] ye are [become] already white-haired, nia ca modanemjuhianrililia in totecujo: ca motla-
already white-headed, already thin with age. In this pilqujxtilia. Ixqujchtzin aiuh tlancaiotl, aiuh qujz-
the lord of the near, of the nigh, hath made you caiotl, aitlaliloian, aijeian: nen nehoad njccuepa.
venerable. Thou hast done good to the master, the njqujlochia in monaiotzin, in motaiotzin: ma xic-
youngest son, N. W h o will return, who will respond mocevili in momatzin, in mocx.tzin: ma tlaltcch
ximaxiri, ma ximocevitzino.
to thy motherliness, to thy fatherliness? Are there
still the strong, are there still the aged ? For our lord
reduceth [one], maketh [one] as a child.4 All this
is the incomplete, the unfinished, the unsettled, the
unstable. Useless am I as I return, as I respond to
thy motherliness, to thy fatherliness. Rest thy hands,
thy feet. Find repose; rest."
; mire de vro pccho. aueys
2. C o r r e s p o n d i n g Spanish t e x t : "aueys avierto en nuestra presenna
el co,re d
muy rraras: las quale* nuestro senor puso en vro pecho, y en vuestro corafon
3 Ibid.: "y tambien el senor. N. que aqujsta presente persona de gran valor, que rije y
puesto entre tāto que parece otro que lo haga me'jor " ,0 v acabado: no ay sino muchachos
fa senor yermado. y
Ibid.-, "no ay viejos no tienc nro senor entre nosotros algunos antiguos, todos los a
que agora vsuen."
191
 The one who entreated spoke once more; 6 he Oc ceppa ontlatoa in datladauhtianj, ontecentla-
tlauhtia: iuhqujnma ondaiolcevia:
entreated one as if to appease.
qujtoa. A m o t z o n t e c o n t z i n , a m e l c h i q u j u h t z i n
He said: "Your heads, your stomachs will hurt,
oneoaz, onquauhtiz: cocoliztli, temuxtli, ehecad:
will suffer pain. I shall expose you to sickness and n a m e c h n e c a v i l t i l i z : m a tlaltech ximovetzitican no-
pestilence. Find repose, O my sons, O our lords. pilhoantzitzine, totecujoane.
In vevetlacad, qujtlacuepililia, qujdananqujlilia in
The old man, perhaps one who was honored, one
datoanj: in no$o aqujn maviztic, in aqujn vei: quj-
who was great, responded, replied for the ruler [N.].
toa. Tie ticmatcatzintli nopiltzitzine: ca mjtzalmj-
He said: "Blessed art thou, O my nobleman; for the
lord, the ruler who serveth, who governeth out there oali in dacad, in tlatoanj, in dacoti, in tequjti, in
in our home, in [the city of] N., hath sent thee; for nachca in tochan in N : ca tiqualmotqujlitia in jhi-
thou carriest his discourse, the marvelous, the pre- jotzin, in jdatoltzin, in maviztic in tla^otli, in da^o-
cious, the priceless [words]. Thou clutchest in thy tic: t i q u a l m o m a p i q u j l i t i a in anemjuhquj, in tla$o-
hand the incomparable, the perfecdy formed [words, qujzquj: in acan ca iceio, i cenqujztica chalchivid,
like] the unshadowed, the perfect precious green teuxivid, injc motlatlatlauhtitzinoa in totecujioan in
stone, the precious turquoise with which are en- tetecurin, in tlatoque: injc ica, in jpampa l ce cozcad,
treated our lords, the lords, the rulers, in behalf of, i ce quetzalli in oqujmomacavili in totecujo: in
as a result of, a precious necklace, a precious feather ocentetl iol, otlacat in chalchivitl, in oce ixoac in
which our lord hath given. A precious green stone quetzalli.
hath been formed, is born; a precious feather hath
burst forth.
"Also from far away [the ruler] saluteth, presseth Ca $an no ixqujchcapa imatzin, icxitzin conmoda-
the hands, the feet [of N . ] ; he also boweth in rever- dauhdlia, conmopachilhvilia: ca 9an no conmone-
ence to him. May he put forth all his strength in pechtequjlilia: mano^o ixqujch itlapaltzin qujmu-
the rulership. May he not falter in the task, the chivili, in jpan in petlatl, in jcpalli: ma mjhijocavili
burden. May he put forth all his strength. With all in jpan in datconj, in t l a m a m a l o n j : mano^o ixqujch
diis are returned, answered, the greetings of our itlapaltzin qujmuchivili. Ca ixqujch, y, ic cuepi, ic
lords iloti in jntlatlatlauhtzin totecujioan.
Once again the ambassador responded. He said: Oc ceppa tlananqujlia, in titlantli: qujtoa. Ca
"I have come to leave that with which our lords are onjccaoaco injc motlatlauhtia totecujioan: afo itla
supplicated. Perhaps I have forgotten something, onjqujlcauh, a$o itla onjepolo, a$o itla onjqujnnochi-
perhaps I have ruined something, perhaps I have tonjlili. A u h injn ca onoconcujc, ca onoconan: injc
inadvertently said somediing which will prejudice qujmocuepililia totecujioan, injc motlatlauhtitzinoa:
them. But I have taken, I have grasped this with ma noconjtqujtiuh in j m j h i j o t z i n totecujioan.
which our lords [here] respond, with which they
supplicate. May I go bearing with me their words
to our lords."
When a child of the common folk was born,
In jquac dacachioa, i ? a ie ixqujch tlacad. Izcatquj
behold, in this manner was the greeting, in this
injc motlapaloa: i n j c tlapalolo piltzintli, ioan in
manner the baby and the mother and the old women
tenantzin, ioan in jlamatque, vevetque. Achtopa
the old men were greeted. First they uncovered the
conjxdapoa: n j m a n qujpepepetla in piltzintli:
face, then they fondled the head, of the child 6
[The speaker] said: "Thou hast suffered, thou hast
qujlvia. Oticmjhijovilti, oticmociavilti noxocoiovc
notelpuchtze, anoco, nochpuchtze:
o^y^u Thou hast come otimaxitico
to arrive onin £
Jtlalticpactzinco totecujo: in vncan toneoalo, in chi-

«I?;:
6 . Ibid,. -onus ponen —* ~
-al njno- -esento * saludar, y a dar el parabien
en el regazo de la madre, para con su or on.
7. Read anofo.
q U e l e <•/ orador... »

192
 . 0f our lord, where there is auction, there is
lain. It * a P l a " ° f n ° a P l a c e of no happiness.

Wre is heat> ^ 15 Cold> t h e r e is wind, there is ^ W f c ^ in - a , in

odqujhijovi, o t k c S 'to" t C U C I O a ' m CCCm^a:
thirst there is hunger, there is death from cold. Thou
* o m j o , in m o m c ^ ^binacaz m
hast suffered torment, thou hast suffered fatigue m neuhcaiutl • vr™ U c r n J x t c m o l ' z m cochcaivd,
fly bones, thy body will suffer affliction, will suffer viz mrv- • P a ° n q U * a z , n tlalticpac, mjhijo-
pain. T h o u wilt seek sustenance with effort; thou cov'p - ' t l t O X O m ^ t i 0 ^ m j z : ixqujch y noxo
wilt live i n poverty on earth; there will be travail, Z Z ^ Tintla^ timonemjdz:
* . - d a achi m j i z m o S
m totecujo:
there will be fatigue; thou wilt live in want, thou
wilt live in n e e d . R A l l this, O my youngest son,'9 thou
wilt encounter i f our lord is to fortify thee for a little
while, if t h o u art to live.
" 0 my youngest child, small as thou art, may our
ma dxqujehtzin mjtzmopolhvianj, ma dxqujeh-
lord cause thee to disappear; small as thou art, may tzin mjtzalmanjlianj in totecujo, noxocoiove: auh
he take thee.10 But if the lord of the near, of the in amo quen qujmonequjlda in tloque, naoaque, in
nigh, he by whom we live, the creator," the ruler, jpalnemoanj, in teiocaianj, in tehimarinj, in techichi-
the maker, willeth not so for himself, perhaps for a oanj: cujx achi tictoqujliz in jpalncmoa:
while thou wilt follow him by whom we live.
"And how, with what, wert thou sent here in the auh quenamj ic odoalioaloc in iooaia, quen otichi-
beginning? In what manner wert thou adorned? chioaloc. Ca cujtlatitlan, ca tla?ultitlan moteanjlia,
For he by whom we live taketh, removeth one from motequjxdlia in jpalnemoa: cujx titlatiz, cujx mjtz-
the excrement, from the filth. Perhaps thou wilt be qujxtiz in totecujo: cujx vel cana tetech timaxitiz in
something. Perhaps our lord will remove thee. Per- iaoc, in vncan tetlilanja, tetlapalanja in jpalncmoa,
haps somewhere thou wilt approach someone in war, in vncan motepepenjlia in cozcateuh, quetzalteuh
where he by whom we live recordeth one, taketh motevipanjlia: auh cujx no$o daocoiaz in ijollotzin
note of one, where one who is like a precious neck- totecujo: cujx tlalticpac toqujchtli tiez, qujtoznequj,
lace is chosen, where one who is like a precious cujx dmocujltonoz, cujx vel cuemjtl, apantli ticmu-
feather is ranked. And perhaps also our lord will chiviliz: cujx vel topilli, cacaxtli ticmuchiviliz: ma
oc cenca rictodatemachililican in tloque, naoaque:
show compassion in his heart: perhaps on earth
thou wilt be a man, that is, perhaps thou wilt be
"eh; perhaps thou wilt make well the ridges of land,
the canals; perhaps thou wilt use well the staff, the
carrying frame. Let us, above all, have faith in the
lord of the near, of the nigh. cujx no ade ilvilli, cujx ade maceoalli: intla achi
"Perhaps also there is no desert, perhaps there is tictoqujliz totecujo: cujx teijxco teicpac nnemjz in
no merit. If thou wilt live for a while, perhaps thou tlalticpac- cujx quavid, cujx tetl, molhvil monene-
wilt be offensive on earth; perhaps thy desert, thy m a c muchioaz: auh cujx no<;o teuhdi, tlagolli, molvil,

gift will become the castigation; or perhaps thy monemac muchioaz, cujx tecomjc, cujx tecaxic tima-
desert, thy gift will become vice, filth; perhaps thou iaviz cujx moca mavizdi vetziz: cujx tehoatl moca
wilt pilfer. Perhaps fear of thee will descend, per- maviztli motecaz, cujx moca tecudatoloz, cujx tite-
haps fear of thee will spread. Perhaps for thee there tzotzonaloz, cujx utetepacholoz, cujx tidecujloloz,
will be judgment. Perhaps thou wilt be s t o n e d , per- cujx no ie mecatl tiiecolriloz.
haps thou wilt be crushed between stones; perhaps
thou wilt be burned; perhaps also thou wilt be
hanged.
de las manos, llagaros an las espinas y las farfas "

8. C o r r e s p o n d i n g Spanish t e x t : •'leuantarseos an los cueros de las P><rnas

9. Read noxocoyoue. g est as te lleuarse [ s i c ] para si."
10. Corresponding Spanish text: "plugujcse a dios njeto r»f°
11 Read seyocoyani.
193
 "O my youngest son, 0 my precious son, thou hast
suffered torment, thou hast suffered fadgue ln what
manner doth he by whom we live desire ? What hast
thou deserved ? What hast thou mented ? May we
yet have faith in him by whom we live. Rest thy
body; rest, O my youngest son."
Behold that with which [a speaker] greeted the
newly delivered woman. He said: " O my maiden,
O noblewoman, thou hast worked, thou hast toiled,
thou hast accompanied thy mother, Ciuacoatl, the
noblewoman Quilaztli. Thou hast made war, thou
hast skirmished, thou hast exerted thyself, thou hast
taken well, seized well thy shield, thy club. Now our
lord hath moved, hath placed apart, to one side, the
tribute of death," even though in a few days, if verily
tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, our lord will
destroy us, will hide us. Verily, it is soon. Where
will one go? There wdl be going, there wUl be
death, there will be destruction.
"Just now our lord hath inclined his heart a little,
for thou hast cast, thou hast placed thy burden, thy
pain behind thee. Perhaps [our lord] will determine
in a separate manner for each. Perhaps separately,
one at a time, he will remember you, hide you, call
out for you [mother or child]. 15 And now in what
manner will the maker speak? Perhaps for some
lime, perhaps for a day we shall merit the precious
necklace, the precious feather. Perhaps for some time
we shall take pleasure like parents. Perhaps we who
arc old men, we who arc old women shall look into
the face of the precious necklace, the precious feather.
Perhaps he will live a little time. Perhaps he will
revive the fate, will lift up the heads of the old men,
of the old women who already go residing beyond,
those our lord hath destroyed, the possessors of hair,
the possessors of fingernails, those who are the old
men. Perhaps, also, it is not so; perhaps we dream of
it, perhaps we see it in dreams; perhaps the maker
will come to take him. Perhaps the misery of a
man's old age, of a woman's old age will spread.
Perhaps somewhere in another's reed enclosure, in
another's corner thou wilt perish.
"And this: do not presume; do not consider thy-
self worthy of the precious necklace, the precious
l t i s
Noxocoiovc, notlagopiltze: otiqujhijovi, oticciauh:
quen qujncquj in jpalnemoa: tlein otocnopiltic,
tlcin otomaccoaltic: ma oc tictotemachilican in jpal-
nemoa: ma xicmocevili in monacaiotzin: ma x i m o
ccvi noxocoiove.
Izcatquj ic qujtlapaloa in mjxiuhquj: qujlvia.
Nochpuchtze, cioapille: otitlacotic, otitequjt, oticna-
namjc in monantzin in Cioacoatl in cioapilli in Qui-
laztli: otoiaot, otonmjeal, otimomaman, ovelticman,
oveltictzitzquj in mochimal, in moquauh: in axcan
ochico, tlanaoac qujmoviqujli, ochico, tlanaoac quj-
motequjli in totecujo, in mjqujztequjtl: ca tel macujl,
ca matlac, i ?an nel muztla, viptla in techpoloz, in
techtlatiz totecujo, i gan nel oc maia: campa viloaz,
ā oviloaz, a onmjcoaz, ā ompolioaz.
£ a n in axcan, oachitzin ic tlacauhquj in jiollotzin
totecujo: ca omonjca ca omoteputzco tictlaz, tictecac,
in meticauh, in motecococauh: at nononqua in quen
qujmonequjltiz, at nononqua, ceceiaca in amechmol-
namjqujliz, in amechmotlatiliz, in amechmotzatzili-
liz. Auh in axcan quen qujmjtalvia in pilhoacatzin-
tli: cujx achica, cujx cemjlvitl tictomacevizque in
cozcatl, in quetzalli: cujx achica tipilhoacateuhtla-
matizque, cujx ijxco, icpac titlachiazque in tivevet-
que, in tilamatque in cozcatl, in quetzalli: cujx achi
qujtlaliz in tonatiuh: cujx iehoatl qujntonaleoaz,
qujntzonteconacocujz in vevetque, in jlamatque in
ie nachca momanjltitivi, in oqujnmopolhvi totecujo,
in tzoneque, in jzteque, in aqujque in vevetque:
cujx no amo, cujx tictemjquj, cujx ticcochitleoa, cujx
conmanjliqujuh in pilhoacatzintli: ago timaliviz in
jcnoveveiotl, in jcnoilamaiotl: ago can techinantitlan
texomolco timopopolivitiz.
Auh i n j n : ma m j t i c titlato, ma ticmomactoca in
± J d e s e r t L e t t h e w e c ^
cozcatl, in quetzalli, ma ticmolhviltoca: ma oc on-
tlamj in choqujztli, in jxaiotl, in tlaoculli: m a oc

I s p a n i , h , M t : "" o r a y a * * * * * « * * -
la ayuda de nfo senor la pelea mortal del porta... ."
^ l ^ u S ^ Z - " ^ ' a p a t a d °' M - y - hijo,
por uentura algun tfio antes se acordara dies de ti. y te V

194
 he tears, the sorrow yet be consummated. Call
f t in sorrow to our lord, the lord of the near of xoconmotlaoculnonochili in totecujo, in tloque
que: tie ticmomachitia nochpuchtze, cioapille! naoa-
. yVCl
e t 1i n M / ." ." " —1 - /"> , •1 ^ a . "v-ai, W
Z nigh- Be blessed, O my maiden, O noblewoman.
"Behold still a word with which I end my dis-
burse. D o n o t work excessively. Be calm, be tran- Oc izca cencamatl ic nocontzonqujxtia in notlatol:
quil, be prudent. Whom thereby wilt thou ridicule?
maca xonmopopoxcanenequj: ma oc ivian, ma oc
flus is all, 0 noblewoman, O my daughter, which moiolicatzin xioalmjmati, ac ic toconqueloz. Ixqujch
thou takest, w h i c h thou graspest." in toconmanjlia, toconmocujlia cihoapille, nochpuch-
tze.
[The speaker] entreated the parents, the old men.
Qujntlatlauhtia in piihoaque, in vevetque: qujm-
He said to them: "O my sons, ye who are here pres-
jlvia. Ca njcan anmonoJtitoque nopilhoane: auh
ent and also ye who are mothers, ye who are old
noce in antenanoan, in amjlamatlaca, in antzonjz-
women, ye who are the white-haired ones, ye who taque, in anquaiztaque: njcan dacauhtica in amoiol-
are the white-headed ones, here ye are inclining your lotzin, in amonacaiotzin, amomatiantzinco in eco,
hearts, your bodies. In your time the baby hath in tlalticpac quj$a in piltzintli, in cozcad, in quetzalli,
arrived, h a t h come on earth, a precious necklace, a in jnvitzio, in jmaoaio: in oqujnpolo, in oqujntlati
precious feather. It i s the thorn, the spine of those totecujo, in vevetque, in jlamatquc, in tlacachioanj,
whom our lord destroyed, whom he hid, the old in dacaiolitianj, in dacapeoaltianj: ca oqujnmotlatili
men, the old women, the creators, the procreators, in totecujo, ā ca oqujnmotoptemjli, ca oqujnmope-
those w h o engender. For our lord hath hidden them, tlacaltemjli, ca oqujnmjhoali in adan, in oztoc, in
hath placed t h e m in a coffer, in a reed chest; he hath mjedan: mach oc vmpa qujoalmatizque, quen oc
sent t h e m in t h e water, in the cave, in the land of the qujoalchioazque in jtlamacaoaltzin totecujo.
dead. Were they from there still to know in what
manner t h e y were yet to create the gift of our lord ?
"Verily, already here [the lord] hath given you Ca ie njcan amechmocnopilvilia: ca ic njcan
favor; here yet he hath given you merit. Here your oc amechmomacevitzinoa: njcan qujztica, njcan

old -womanliness, your motherliness is brought forth, ixtlauhtica, popouhtica in amjlamaiotzin, in amo-
is paid tribute, is rewarded in order that yet for a naiotzin injc ie achica, cemjlhvitl, anqujmodama-
vigalhvilia in totecujo, in jtlalticpactzinco: njcan
while, for a day, ye honor our lord in his world.
quaquauhtitica, cecepoatica in amomjiotzin, in amo-
Here your bones, your bodies are benumbed, tire
nacaiotzin:
"Whom, in truth, do ye yet behold P Furthermore ac oc nel anqujmottilia cujx oc vallazque, cujx oc
onquj^aqujvi, cujx oc onmomanaqujvi in cozqueque,
the possessors o f t h e precious necklace, the p o s ^ o s
in quetzaleque: njcan amechonmotlaixcaoaltilia in
of the precious f e a t h e r : will they « * n c ? W d I d £ piltzintli: macano^omo amomatzin, amocxitzin
come emerging ? Will they come ^ ^ amotlantzinco xicmaqujlican: ma no<;oc ontlacaoa
the baby w i l l c a u s e you to to* sidc, in amoiollotzin nopilhoane.
[just] hide y o u r hands, your feet away oy y
Incline your hearts, O my ««J- IIQ m y ^ Intla telpuchdi tlatlatlauhtia: qujmjlvia. Note-
If a youth entreated, he saia chiuhcatzitzinoane.
fathers." . .. . A c f a t h e r was greeted. Izcatquj ic tlapalolo in tatli: ilhvilo. Nopiltze,
Behold .hat „, O y ou t h, here o u , telpuchtle: ca njcan dacaoa in jiollotzin totecujo, in
He was told. O my ,hc ni h> h c b y wh „m tloque, naoaque, in jpalnemoa: njcan mocozcatla-
lord, t h e lord o f the n< ^ , , prccious panjlia: njcan moquetzalmanjlia: njcan titemjquj,
^ r flaS off, here a preeiou, feather i S ticochitleoa: momac, moquechtlan qujmodalilia coz-
necKiacc ^ ^ ^ w f drearT1) here we sec in dreams. catl, quetzalli, chalchiuhtli, quetzalli maqujztli:
STPrrhv hand on thy neck he placcth a precious neck- njcan mjxco, mocpac titlachia, otijol, otitlacat, otimj-
1 a prccious feather, a precious green stone, a xiptlati: ac qujmatiz 1 $an tixtlan conmoqujxtilia,

precious feather,14 a precious bracelet. Here we see
thy face. Thou hast been formed; thou hast been
born; thou hast formed thy image. Who will know
when he by whom we live removeth him from our
presence? And perhaps the lord of the near, of the
nigh, he by whom be live, will mature him, perhaps
give him a day, perhaps sustain him a while. And
who knoweth [if] thou wilt depart [to die] rejecting
him, abandoning him ? It is already in the hands of
the maker. And so in what manner will [our lord]
require? Where will [the child] be looking up to
one? Where will he go to look into one's face? Or
in what manner will he perish? 1 ' Perhaps he will
struggle, labor for existence. Perhaps misery, poverty
will spread. Perhaps he will be desdtute. Perhaps
the herbs, the forest will spread; perhaps he will be
in need, in want on earth.
"There is no one who knoweth how he by whom
we live will determine for him. Let us yet put our
faith in [our lord]. Let us yet place complete faith
in him.
"In truth, cry out in supplication to him; achieve
thy sighing, thy weeping, thy sadness. Be especially
diligent in it, O my son, O youth, O servant."
And it was for an indefinite time that the cradle or
the parents were greeted — perhaps the greetings
sted ten days or twenty days.
And the rulers, the noblemen were greeted with
large cotton capes, with capes, with precious capes;
if [the baby) were female, (with] skirts, shifts, per-
haps twenty or forty. The name of this was ixque-
rnitl And when it was just someone of honor, 18
cither a cape [and] a breech clout or a skirt [and]
shift [were given]. And he who was of the least
greeted with food, with drink, with pulque.
14. quettallt » repeated in the MS.
15. Corresponding Spanish text- " y si esto '
196
in ipalnemoanj: auh ano^o qujmotetzaviliz in tlo-
que, naoaque, in jpalnemoa, a<;o qujmocemjlvilildliz,
a$o achitzin qujmotoctiliz. Auh ac qujmati in tocon-
motlaxiliteoaz, in tocontlazteoaz: anca ie imactzinco
in pilhoacatzintli: anca quen qujmonequjliliz, can
acovic moteitztilitiez, can tecamacpa motzdlitoz:
auh quen noce amj mopopolivitiz: at qujeiaviz,
qujhijoviz, at timaliviz in jcnopillotl, in jcnotlaca-
caiotl, at vmpa onquj^az, at timaliviz in qujlitl, i n
quavitl, at toxomjz, oa^omjz in tlalticpac.
anca aocac qujmati, in quen qujmonequjltiz in
jpalnemoa: ma oc tictotemachilican, ma oc tictocen-
temachilican:
mano^oc nelli xonmocnochoqujli, ma oc ontlamj
in melciciviliz, in mochoqujz, in motlaocul: ma oc
cenca itlan xonmocalaquj nopiltze, telpuchtle, xole.
Auh amo $an tamachiuhquj: in tlapalolo co^olli,
in no$o pilhoa: a^o matlaqujlhvitl, ano$o cempoal-
ilvitl in nemj tetlapalolli.
Auh in tlatoque, in pipilti: ic tlapalolo quachtli,
tilmatli, tla^otilmatli: intla cioatl, cueitl, vipilli: a$o
cenqujmjlli, a$o o n q u j m j l l i . I n j n itoca ixquemjd.
Auh i $an aca mamaviztic: a$o centetzintli tilma-
tzintli, maxtlatzintli: ano^o cueitl, vipilli. Auh in
qujtzacuja, tlaqualtzintli, atzintli, octli: injc qujda-
paloa
por casas agcnas...
1
..
 Thirty-sixth Chapter. Here it is told how the
fathers, the mothers summoned the soothsayers, the
mitoa ° n c a x t 0 , , i 0Ce capitu,°'
wise men, in order that they tell of what sort the mjtoa. in quenjn tetaoan, tenanoan, qujnnotzaia in
day was when the baby was born; they studied the tonalpouhque, m tlamadnjme: injc qujtoaia in que-
namj itonal catca, in otlacat piltondi: qujttaia in
kind of day on which he was born. But these sooth-
quenamj tonalli ipan odacat. Auh in iehoantin to-
sayers first inquired carefully exactly when the baby
nalpouhque: achto vel ic tlatlanja, in quenman vel
was born. If it was perhaps not yet exacdy midnight,
odacat piltontli: in cujx aiamo vel iooalnepanda: ic
then they assigned the day to the day sign which
itech qujpoaia in tonalli, i cemjlvitlapoali, in oqujz.
had passed. But if he had been born when midnight Auh intla oqujz iooalnepanda, tlacatia: itech quj-
had passed, they assigned the day to the day sign poaia in tonalli, i cemjlvitlapoalli, in oallatoqujlia:
which followed. And if he had been born exactly at auh inda vel iooalli ixelivian tlacatia: necoc qujpoaia
the division of the night, they assigned the day to in tonalli. Auh njman qujttaia in jmamux: vncan
both [day signs]. And then they looked at their qujttaia, in quenamj imaceoal piltontli: in cujx
books; there they saw the sort of merit of the baby, qualli, in cujx no^o amo: in juh catca itoloca 1 cemjl-
perhaps good, or perhaps not, according as was the vitlapoalli: in jpan odacat.
mandate of the day sign on which he was born.

And when the baby was born, then they read the Auh in jquac otlacat piltzindi: njman qujtonalpo-
day signs. T h e y summoned the soothsayer; 1 they via, qujnotza in tonalpouhquj, qujnonotza in jnman
told him the instant it had arrived, 2 the instant it had oiecoc, in jnman otlalticpacqujz, Niman qujtta, quj-
been born. T h e n he looked at, he opened out the 90a in jdil, in jtlapal: in iehoatl tonalpouhquj, qujtta
writings. T h e soothsayer studied the day signs. He 1 cemjlhvitlapoalli: tlatlanj. Cujx iooaltica in otlacat,
in oiecoc, cujx xelivi iooalli, cujx, oonqujz in iooalli
inquired if perhaps it was during the night that it
xelivi:
was born, that it had arrived - perhaps at the divi-
sion of the night, perhaps [when] the d.v.s.on of the
intlacaiemo aci iooalli xelivi: oc nepa cemjlvitl
t S h e S n of the night had not a h ^ a r r i ^ ipan povi, in jpan otlacat: oc nepa tonalli itech pouh-
it belonged in this day quj in jtlacatiliz: auh intla oqujz iooalli xelivi, oda-
day sign was assigned ^ f ^ y Z s born, then cat piltzindi, ie nipa cemjlhvitl itech povi: iehoad
the n i g h t had p a s s e a s s i g n e d the itech povi in tonalli in ie oallathuj, tlatquj tonalli:
it was assigned to that ° n y i n g d a y sign,
auh inda vel iooalli xelivi, in mjtoa iooalnepanda
clay sign w h i c h dawned^ the ac p ^ dacati piltzindi: ixqujch qujcuj in ialoa tonalli, no
And if the baby was born exa V ^ ^ jxqujch qujcuj, in ieh oallathuj, cemjlvitl tonalli:
the night, called midnight, ^ ^ ^ ^ w h j c h
auh intla dathujnaoac dacati, ano^o achi tonatiuh,
ing day s i g n ; also « t w o ^ ^ d a y b r c a k , o r [when] ano^o quenman o, vel inemac 1 cemjlhvitl in tonalli,
dawned. A n d it a ^ ^ about ^ time> lts v e r y ioan in jtlatqujcaio: in vncan tlatoa.
there was a little , ^ ^ it$ c o m p a n i o n s

lot was the aay, g

w h i c h governed there.
Danish text: "a "te propositi, yvan luego a buscar. y hablar al adiujno que se llama tonalpouhquj. que qujere dexir
1. °TloZo'elosquenaeen...."
sabe conoccr
2 Corresponding SP*™5*1 lcxt: "aJribu>'a el nacimjento al caractcr que regia en aquel dia, y a los demos que lleuaua con si go
3.
197
 Niman qujgoa, qujtta imamux, in jtlacujlol, in
Then he opened out, he looked at their books, at
jtlil, in jtlapal, qujpoa, qujcxitoca: qujtta in tlein
his paintings, his writings; he read, examined, looked tonalli, ipan otlacat piltontli, qujtta in tlein vncan
at the day sign on which the baby was born, studied tlatoa, in tlein itlatqujcaio, in acagomo qualli tonalli,
which were those related to it which governed there. ago ie qualli in jtlatqujcaio, in vncan tlatoa: iehoatl
If perhaps it was a bad day, perhaps good were its
qujqualtilia:
companions which governed there. This improved it.
njman qujnnonotza in pilhoaque in vevetque, in
Then he consulted the parents, the old men, the
jlamatque: qujmjlhvia. Qualtzin in jpan omotlaca-
old women; he said to them: "Good is [the day
tili, petlatiz, icpaltiz, tecutiz, tlatocatiz: anogo quj-
sign] on which he was born. He will govern, be a
toa, mocujltonoz: anogo qujtoa, oqujehtiz, quauhtiz,
lord, be a ruler." Or else he said: " H e will have
ocelotiz, tiacauhtiz, imac m a n j z in quauhxicalli, in
wealth." Or he said: "He will be brave, an eagle
quauhpiaztli, quauhpetlapan, ocelopetlapan iez, cadi-
warrior, an ocelot warrior, a valiant warrior; he will
tiz, qujtlamacaz in tonatiuh, in tlaltecutli: anogo
provide sacrificial victims; he will be in the military
qujmjlhviz. A m o qualcan in omecavi piltzintli,
command; he will provide drink, he will provide
tequantonalpan: iece qualtzin in vncan tlatoa, in
offerings to the sun, to Tlaltecutli." Or he would
jdatqujcaio, ca qujnanamjquj, ca qujtlaqualtililia,
say to them: "The baby hath arrived at a bad time,
qujcecevia in tequantonalli:
in the time of an evil day sign. However, good are
its companions, which govern there, for they help,
improve, moderate the evil day sign."
Then he established when it was to be bathed: njman qujtlalia in jquac maltiz: qujtoa: axcan
he said, "Four days from now it will be bathed." nauhiopan in maltiz.
And if it was not a good day, if it was an evil day Auh intlacamo qualli tonalli, intla tequantonalli
sign on which it was born, on which the baby had ipan otlacat, in jpan omecavi piltzintli: intlacamo
arrived, and if those which governed there, along no qualli in vncan tlatoa, in jpan cemjlhvitl: inda-
with the day, were also evil, if its companions were camo qualli in jtlatqujcaio, intlacade iqualtica l cemjl-
evil, if there was no improvement for the day, he hvitl, qujioliuhtlamachtia in quenamj iez piltzintli:
indicated how the baby would be.
He said to them: "It is in the time of an evil day qujmjlhvia. Ca tequantonalpan in omotlacatili pil-
sign that the baby was born, for it is a time of evil. tzintli, ca amo qualcan: auh ca gan njman atle iqual-
Nothing is its betterment, for it is a most dangerous tica, ca vel ovican. Izca in jpan muchioaz teuhdi,
time. Behold that which will befall him: vice will tlagulli ilvil iez: moochtequjliz, icnoiotl ilhvil, ine-
W his desert; he will become a thief; misery will be mac iez, neia in motetegotinemjz dalticpac: iece
his desert, his lot. Vainly will he struggle on earth, atletiz, in tlein mailiz noce cochtoz, vetztoz, tla-
but that which will be done will fail. Or he will tziuhquj iez.
remain sleeping, he will remain reclining, he will be
lazy."
Or he saiil to them: "limson weed will be his
noce qujmjlhvia, mjxitl, tlapatl ilhvil, itequjuh iez,
desert, his mission. He will take to pulque."
octli qujmocujtlaviz:
Or he said to them: "He will not grow old. H e
noce qujmjlvia, a m o vecaoaz, gan achi tonatiuh
w,ll only endure a while." [Or he said:] "Consider»
qujoallatiz: tla xicmottilican gan tlapantimanj in
The sun was only broken [half good, half bad] when
he was bom." 4 tonatiuh, in vncan omotlacatili.

Then he chose a good day, not just the fourth dav

hence that it be bathed. He still skipped; he sought Niman qujpepena in qualli tonalli: amo gan nauh-
a good day or a good one of its companions winch lopantica in maltia, oc conchololtia qujttilia in qual-
8 ° v c m c d * e ^ n d the desert, t h c merit, the lo, of tzin tonalli, in anogo qualtzin in vncan tlatoa in jtlat-
qujcaio. Auh in tonalpouhquj, in ijlhvil, in jmaceoal,
Spanish text: < > „ ,
^ tierra, o Us dizc: mjrad que csta su signo indejerente medio

198
 s to drink, to e a t ; and not just a in j n e m a c : adi, daqua, qujtlauhtia: auh amo tan

'sssr
50othsay
er w a s , . ue [ w i t h ] turkeys and quexqujch in qujmaca, $an mantiuh in totolin, auh
w e n t

^ ®vc ^ ' centlamamalh in daqualli.

m antat V danlc muchat cos at que

> mmer V a beucr. y olgunat m ant at. y
\e dan a comer, y »
ruh» Por csta adiujnan<a
estc adtujno, f

gallinas, y «"»
son
 Thirty-seventh C h a p t e r . H e r e is told the second
[dement] in the bathing of the babies, and that
which was done when a name was given the baby,
and the manner of caring, of banqueting.
I n j c cempoalli oncaxtolli omome capitulo, vn-
can mjtoa: injc vndamantli, in jnnealtiliz pipilto-
tonti: auh in dein muchioaia injc tocamacoia pilton-
di: ioan in quenjn daqualoia, necoanotzaloia.

And when it was time to bathe the baby, then they

Auh in jquac maltia in piltzintli: njman qujeen-
prepared for him all that was necessary; they pre-
cavilia in jxqujch monenequi, qujcencavilia, qujehi-
pared, they made for him a little shield, a little bow,
vilia chimaltontli, davitoltontli, mjtotonti: auh navi
little arrows. And they made him four little arrows; in mjtotonti qujehivilia, qujl ce tlapcopa pouhquj,
they said one belonged to the east, one belonged to qujl ce cihoatlampa pouhquj, qujl ce vitztlanpa
the west, one belonged to the south, one belonged to pouhquj, qujl ce mjctlanpa pouhquj: ioan qujehivi-
the north. And they made him a tortilla of ama- lia tzoallaxcalli, chimalli muchioa, mjtl ipan tentiuh,
ranth seed dough, which became a shield on which tlavitollo, ioan cequj ^ a n tzoalli, ioan daqualli,
arrows were extended, with a bow, and some other molli, ioan eheio izqujtl, ioan iecavi imaxdaton, itil-
things of amaranth seed dough. And [they pre- maton: auh in jcnotlaca, ?an ixqujch in tlavitolli,
pared] food, sauce, [a stew] with beans, parched mjtotonti, ioan chimaltontli in qujehivilia, a ? o ioan
niaize kernels. And it was concluded [with] his tamalli, ioan izqujtzindi.
little breech clout, his little cape. And poor people
°nly made him the bow. the little arrows, and the
little shield; perhaps also tamades and parched maize
kernels.
Auh intla cihoatzintli maltiz: qujcencavilia in
And if a girl was to be bathed, they prepared for
jxqujch icioatlatquj, in malacatl, in tzotzopaztli, in
her all the equipment of women — t h e spinning
tanatli, in tzaoalcaxitl, in quatzontli, ixijotl, ycucton,
whorl, the batten, the reed basket, the spinning bowl,
ivipilton.
the skeins, the shuttle, her little skirt, her little shift.1
Auh in ie iuhquj in omocencauh in jxqujch mone-
And when this was done, when all which was
nequj: njman mocentlalia in jxqujehtin teoaiulque
necessary had been prepared, then all the kin folk,
in vevetque, in jlamatque in maviztililonj: njman
the old men, the old women, the illustrious were
connotza in tultecad, in jmac tlacatioanj in ticitl, oc
assembled. Then they summoned the skilled one, the
iooan in ncccntlalilo: auh in omomanaco tonatiuh,
one in charge of childbirth, the midwife. It was still
in ie achiton: njman qujtlanj iancujc caxitl in ticitl,
dark when they were assembled. And when the
ioan atl: njman ic conana in piltzintli, connapaloa;
sun had come to appear, when already there was a
njman ic ic tlanapalolo in jxqujch omocencauh,
little [sun], then the midwife requested a new basin ithoalnepantla contcca in jxqujch omocencauh: auh
and water. Thereupon she took the baby; she cradled injc caltia, ie tonatiuh icalaqujampa itzticac in ticitl:
it in her arms. Thereupon were taken in one s arms njman vncan caltia in ticitl, in piltzintli:
all which had been prepared; they placed all which
had been prepared in the middle of the courtyard.
And to bathe it the midwife stood facing the west.
Then the midwife bathed the baby there.
adercfos para lexer, y para hilar como era vso. y rucca,
1. Corresponding Spaniih t a c t : "aparejauanla todas las alhajas mu^ ^ ^ peqUenjias.
y lantadera. y ru petaquflla, y vaxo pa hilar eta. y tambicn su tripilejo y * us

201

She said to him: "Eagle warrior, ocelot warrior,
valiant warrior, youth, my youngest son, thou hast
come to arrive on earth. Thy mother, thy father,
Ome tecutli, Ome ciuatl have sent thee. Thou wert
cast, thou wert bored in thy home, the place of dual-
ity, [over] the place of the nine heavens. The lord
of the near, of the nigh, Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl, hath
given thee.' And now arrive with thy mother, Chal-
chiuhtli icue, Chalchiuhtlatonac."
Then she made him taste the water. She said to
him: "Take it, receive it. Here is wherewith thou
wilt endure, wherewith thou wilt live on earth,
wherewith thou wilt grow, wherewith thou wilt
develop. Behold, we have completely merited our
sustenance on earth. Take it!"
Then she placed water on his breast; she said to
him: "Here is the blue water, the yellow water,
which cleanseth our hearts, so that they be purified;
which washeth away our filthiness. Take it! May it
cleanse, may it purify thy heart; may it cleanse it."
Then she poured water on the crown of his head.
She said to him: "My youngest son, my youth, take,
receive the water of the lord of the earth, our sus-
tenance, our refreshment, which is that which cleans-
eth one, that which batheth one. May the heavenly
water, the blue water, the deep green, go into thy
body; may it remain in thy body. May it remove,
may it destroy the manner of things thou wert given
with which thou wert arrayed in the beginning —
the bad, the evil; for we are still left in its hands;
we merit it; for even before, our mother, Chalchiuh-
tli icue, knoweth of it."
Thereupon she bathed him all over; she massaged
him. She proceeded speaking to him: "Wherever
thou art, as thou art a baby cast down to earth: go,
move! 3 Now the baby liveth again; he is born again;
now he becometh clean, he becometh pure again.
Our mother Chalchiuhtli icue casteth, perforateth
him again."
Thereupon she raised him as an offering to the
heavens. She said: "Here is thy little creature. Thou
hast sent him, thou hast given him to the earth a
place of pain, a place of torment, a place of pelii-
tence. Array him, inspire him! Thou art the master
thou art Ome tecutli, thou art Ome ciuatl."
2. A translation of this passage may be read ' C k*
3. ^ sU J :
number
1 >«. que
qujlhvia. Quauhtii, occlutl, tiacauh, relpuchtli,
noxocoiouh: otimaxitico in tlalticpac, omjtzalmj-
oali in monan, in mota in vmc tecutli, in vme cioarl,
otipitzaloc, otimamalioac in muchan in vmriocan, in
chicunauhnepanjuhcan: omjtzmomacavili in tloquc,
naoaque in topiltzin in Quetzalcoatl. Auh in axcan
ma itech ximaxiti in monantzin in chalchiuhtli icue,
in chalchiuhtlatonac:
njman conpaloltia in ads qujlvia. Xicmocujli,
xicmocelili: izcatquj injc tinemjz injc tijoliz tlaltic-
pac, injc titzmolinjz, injc ticeliaz: izca in tcchcen-
maceuh, in toiolca, in tonenca tlalticpac, xicmocujli.
Niman ijclpan qujtlalilia in atl, qujlhvia. Izca, in
matlalatl, in toxpalatl: in qujpaca, in chipaoa in
toiollo, in catoctia in catzaoaliztli: xicmocujli, ma
qujqualtili, ma qujiectili in moiollotzin, ma qujehi-
paoa.
Niman iquancpantla contequjlia in atl: qujlhvia.
Noxocoiouh notelpuchtzin: ma xicmocujli, ma xic-
mocelili in jatzin tlalticpaque, in tonenca, in toiulca,
in tocclica: in techipaoanj, in teahaltianj, ma motla-
capan iauh, ma motlacapan nemj in jlhvicaatl, in
matlalatl, in xopaleoac: ma qujquanj, ma qujpolo:
in quenamj timacoc, ic tapanaloc in iooaian in aqual-
lotl, in aieciod: ca oc imac ticaoalo in timaceoalti,
ca oc ie qujmati in tonan in chalchiuhtli icue:
njman ie novian caltia, qujmamatiloa: qujtoti-
n e m j : canjn tica, injc titlamotlalli piltzintli: xictlal-
cavi, ximjquanj: axcan oc ccppa ioli, tlacati, in pil-
tzintli: axcan oc ceppa qualtia, oc ceppa iectia, oc
ceppa qujpitza, qujroamali in tonan in chalchiuh-
tlicue.
Niman ie ic conjiava in aco, in jlhvicac: conjtoa.
Ca izcatquj in motlaiocultzin, in otiqualmjoali, no
tiqualmomacavili in toneoaia, in chichinacoian, in
tlamaceoaloian, in tlalticpac: ma xiqualmuchichivili,
m a X 1 9 u a ' n i j p i c h i l i in titlacatl, in tometecutli, i*
tomecihoatl:
- - Jzg-jz-jr«-—- — ** ^
cres co:a imprz.bU al nrnn A ' ,
202 31 n r n o y »et*. apmau del...
 A secondtime she raised h i m u p ; she raised h i m
a n offering to the heavens. S h e said: " I address
free, I cry out to thee, thou w h o art m o t h e r o f the
-ods, thou who art Citlallatonac, thou w h o art Cidal-
icuc. Whatsoever is thy spirit, give it to him. Give
thy spirit to the c o m m o n e r . "
A third time she raised h i m as an offering to the
heavens. She said: " N o w , ye w h o are dwellers in
the heavens, ye w h o are heavenly noblemen, ye who
arc assembled in the heavens: here is the commoner
Whatsoever is your spirit, give it to h i m . Give your
spirit to him that he may dwell on earth."
A fourth time she raised h i m as an offering to the
heavens. She addressed, she cried out to the sun
She said: " O u r mother, our father, Tonatiuh, Tlal-
tecutli: here is the commoner, thy troupial, thy
roseate spoonbill, the eagle, the ocelot. Unto thee I
declare him, unto thee I commend him, unto thee I
raise him as an offering — to thee, the resplendent
one, the turquoise prince, the eagle, the ocelot which
is ashen, which is well blotched, the brave warrior,
the valiant warrior."1 H e is thy possession, thy prop-
erty; he is dedicated to thee. F o r this was he created,
to provide thee drink, to provide thee food, to pro-
vide thee offerings. H e belongeth to the battlefield
there in the center, in the middle of the plains."
Then she took up the shield, the bow, the spear.
She said: " H e r e are the instruments of war,6 the
little shield, the shield, the spear, the long one, the
curved one, which are for thy gladness, for thy
Praise. Provide that which thou providest [for war-
riors], whatsoever his desert, his merit, his lot. Per-
haps he will be able to arrive by thee. Perhaps he
will be able to go there; perhaps he will go to know
thy home, the place of contentment, the place ofl, p-
piness, there where the eagle warnors he ^ motolinja in maceoalli: ma xiqualmocnoittili tlacatl,
warriors, the valiant warriors w o d ed ; n war
rejoice, are glad, are happy remam g ^ ^
remain givmg cnes to thee * £ ^ ^
moner will be able to arrive oy
m And aTduringthe'time that she bathed the baby,
a - « J — £Ta S n 3 t r d e
£ X C Perhaps they wou.d g,ve
-— que SOy,nfa madre. y nfo padre, veys aquj esta criatura. que es como vn aue de pluma rica, que se
A I hid "Senor sol. y "cu ' j.tcrmjnado de os la ofrecer a cos sefior sol, que tambien os llamays tosonametl y xipilli. y quauhtli, y
u j . iZuar,. o y ^ ^
oceU.l y P""ai° cn.ni<h trxt.
Cf corresponding Spanish text.
5.
n S ^ ilhvicac: qUjt0,
Ticitlallatona'c, . u e n ^ S ^
xicmomaqujli, ma itech ximjhijoti in m a . S '
Injc expa conjiaoa in jlhvicac: qujtoa. In axcan
m jlhvicac anchaneque, in amjxqujchtin in amjlhvi-
capipilti, in ilhvicac anmonoltitoque: ca izcatquj in
maceoalli, quenamj amjhijo, ma xicmomaqujlican,
ma itech ximjhijotican, injc nemjz tlalticpac.
Injc nappa conijaoa in jlhvicac, qujnotza, qujtza-
tzilia in tonatiuh: qujtoa. Tonan, tota tonatiuh,
tlaltecutli: izcatquj in maceoalli, in mo^aquan, in
moquechol, in quauhtli, in ocelutl, movie noconjtoa,
movie noconpoa, movie noconjiaoa in tehoatl in tito-
tonametl, in tixippilli, in tiquauhtli, in tocelutl, in
vel tinexeoac, in vel ticujcujlivic in toqujchtli in titia-
cauh: ca maxcatzin, ca motlatqujtzin, ca motech-
tzinco pouhquj: ca ic oiocoloc in mjtzatlitiz, in
mjtztlaqualtiz, in mjtztlamacaz vmpa pouhquj in
teuatenpan, in tlachinoltenpan, in jxtlaoatl ijtic, ine-
pantla.
Niman cacocuj in chimalli, in tlavitolli, in tlacoch-
tli: qujtoa. Izcatquj in iooalli iolinca in jchioaloca
in, in tevevelli, in chimalli, in tlacochtli, in pitzaoac
in'danololli in maviltiloca, in moioviloca: ma xicmo-
iocolili in tlein dcmoiocolilia, in quenamj ijlhvil,
imaceoal, inemac: cujx vel motechtzinco aciz, cujx
vel vmpa iaz, cujx matitiuh in muchan in avialoian,
in vellamachoia: in vnpa paquj, avija, vellamati in
quauhtin, in ocelo, in tiacaoan, in iaomjeque in mjtz-
aviltitinemj, i mjtzoiovitinemj, cujx vel intech aciz,
tlatoanj.
Auh in jxqujchcauh caltia piltzintli, ocopilli tla-
tlaticac, amo cevi: auh njman vncan qujtocamaca,
vncan qujmaca in jtlalticpactoca, in a^o icultzin
qujtocamamaz, qujtonaleoaz:
« ..
203
 him the name of his grandfather; it would enhance
his lot.8
Then the midwife addressed him, cried out to him.
vncan ic qujnotza, ic qujtzatzilia in ticitl: intla
If [his name were] Yaotl, the midwife spoke man's
laotl, oqujchtlatoa in ticitl: qujlhvia: Iavtle, iautle
talk. She said to him: " O Yaotl, O Yaotl, take thy
xoconcu] in mochimal, xoconcuj in tlacochtli '
tevevelli, in javiltiloca tonatiuh: ' m
shield, take the spear, the little shield which is for
the gladness of the sun." 7
Then she tied on [his cape], she bound on the
njman qujtlalpilia, ic contzitzquja in maxtlat!
breech clout. And the youths, the young boys,
Auh in telpopuchtotond, in oqujehpipikotonti mone
assembled, gathered together when the child had chicoa, mocentlalia in oonmalti piltzintli in m'
been bathed, when, it was said, the holy [ritual] onqujz teoiutl: njman qujcujteoa in jxic iven piltoT
had concluded. Then they took up the umbilical tli, qujmotlalochtia, qujquaquativi, qujnotztivi Q l /
cord offering of the baby; they snatched it and ran; tzatzilitivi in piltontli, ic qujtzatzilitivi in tlein itocJ
they went off eating it. They went addressing, they
went shouting at the baby; thus they went shouting
out that which was his name.
If [his name were] Yaotl, they went saying to intla iautl qujlhvitivi. Iautle, iautle, xontlamati in
him: " O Yaotl, O Yaotl, know the interior of the ixtlaoatl ijtic, in jxtlaoatl inepantla, in teuatenpan, in
plains, the middle of the plains, the battlefield. O tlachinoltenpan: iautle, iautle ticavdtiz m tonatiuh,
Yaotl, O Yaotl, thou wilt gladden the sun, Tlalte- in tlaltecutli, ticatlitiz, tictlamacaz, rntech tipouhquj
cutli. Thou wilt provide him drink, thou wilt pro- in quauhtin, ocelo, in tiacaoan, in iaomjeque in cavil-
vide him offerings. 8 Thou belongest with the eagle tia, in coiovia tonatiuh: ioan conjtotivi. Tiacaoane
warriors, with the ocelot warriors, with the valiant xioalhvian, xicxicvenquaquj in iautl:
warriors, those who died in war, who gladden, who
cry out to the sun." And they came saying: " O
valiant warriors, come, eat the umbilical cord offer-
ing of Yaotl."
These [young men], they said, corresponded to, injque in, qujl iaoqujzque ipan povi, ipan mjxeoa:
represented, those who had died in war, because they ipampa 1 <;an q u j n a m o i a in jxicven piltontli. Auh in
robbed the umbilical cord offering of the baby. And oixqujch q u j c h i u h : in j x q u j c h inepoal ticitl: njman
when all was done, all which pertained to the mid- qujcalaquja in piltzintli, tlatlatiuh in ocutl.
wife, then they brought the baby into the house. T h e
pine torch went on burning.

' ' - •" ^ i t l H 4 "

6. Ibid.: "ponen nombre al njno, de alguno de sus antepasados, para que leuante la jortuna y suerte de aquel cuyo nombrc le

— r rf vocaovc
7. Ibid.: "pongo por caso, que le pone por nobre [sic] iautl: comjen(a luego a dar vozes y habla como varo con el nfO l«- ^
yaotle, used by males, not yaotl, used by females], y dizele desta manera ,autle iautle, que quiere dezxr o hobre valiente rescibe ^
toma el dardo que es poderoso para la batalla de todo el dia...." The last nine words are in a different, later hand, replacing what h
cut off from the foot of the page probably when the MS was bound). In Sahagun, Garibay ed p 208 the passage reads:
estas
8. son tus recreates,
Corresponding Spanishy text:
rcgoa,os de, sol-cs.
officio s as is more al
regocijar likely
sol ytl^an
a lathe reconsLct.on
tierra. y darlos deanempTe^ £ Z
comer y W , .F.lt »J,nc Codex MS.

204
 Thirty-eighth C h a p t e r . H e r e are told how the
girls were bathed, and what in particular was done Ic cempoalli oncaxtolli omei capitulo, vncan
mjtoa: in juh maltiaia cihoapipiltotond, ioan in
to them, and what was done when they placed the
dein inneixcavil, inpan muchioaia, ioan in tlein
babies in the cradle for the first time, and what the
«• •] ' »» u a i UiL muchioaia, in jquac iancujcan qujncofolaqujaia pipil-
mid wire said.
totond: ioan in dein qujtoaia ticid.

And the female was thus bathed: the midwife Auh in cihoad ic maldaia injc caltiaia ticitl: fan
bathed her in the same way as the baby boy was ie no ivi in malda oqujchpiltontli, in juh omjto:
bathed, as was told. Also [they made preparations] fan no izqujtica, no qujtonalpepenja in amoxoa, in
with kernels of parched maize; also the owners of tlapouhquj, no itoalnepantla, no iancujc caxtica in
the books, the soothsayers, selected the day; also caltia, no iquac in achi oalmomana tonatiuh: iece
[the rite was performed] in the middle of the court- izca ic patiliuhtica in jnnealtiliz in oqujchpiltontli, in
yard; also, when the sun appeared a little, they cihoapiltontli: in oqujchpiltontli inealtiliz, ca omjto.
bathed her in a new basin. However, behold how
the bathing of the baby girl [and] the bathing of
the baby boy were different. T h e bathing of the baby
boy has been told.
Auh in cihoapiltontli, qujcencavilia cuetontli, vipil-
And they prepared for the baby girl a little skirt,
tontli, ioan in jxqujch cioatlatqujtl, tanatondi, mala-
a little shift, and all the equipment of women, the
catl, tzotzopaztli, much itoalnepantla qujoalteca. In
little reed basket, the spinning whorl, the batten.
jquac maltia cioapiltontli: iancujc caxic qujteca in
They placed it all in the middle of the courtyard.
atl in ticid: njman qujpepetlaoa in piltontli, njman
When the baby girl was bathed, the midwife placed
nauhcampa qujiaoa: njman conacocuj, ilvicac con-
the water in a new basin. Then she uncovered the
jiaoa: njman concuj in atl: achtopa conpaloltia:
baby. Then she raised it as an offering in the four
njman ijelpan contlalilia: njman iquanepantla con-
directions; then she lifted it up, she raised it as an
tequjlia in atl,
offering to the heavens. Then she rook the water
First she made it taste the water; then she placed
water on its chest; then she poured water on the
crown of its head. , k * h v she qujnotztinemj in piltontli in iehoatl ticid: qujl-
The midwife proceeded addressmg the babyish vitinemj. Ma itech ximaxiti, ma xicmocelili in
proceeded saying to it: "Attain, receive thy mother monantzin in chalchiuhtli icue:
Chalchiuhtli icue." the watcr> in jquac qujpaloltia atl in ticitl, in piltontli:
When the a u d j j * ^ ^ mothcr of qujlvia. Izcatquj in monantzin, in tocennan, in
she said to it: . . • r c c c i v e it; open Chalchiuhtli icue: xicmocujli, xicmocelili, ximoca-
Ml of u , ^ « X J ^ Ā ' o u wih endure, machalold: izcatquj injc tinemjz, injc diultinemjz
m O U ; h \ ou wilt continue to live on earth."
h h
tlalticpac:
in jquac ijelpan, ijollopan qujtlalilia atl, in ticitl,
p ' - r ' T T f > in piltontli: qujlvia. Xicmocujli, xicmocelili: izcat-
h , heart of the baby, she said to it: Take it, qui injc titzmolinjz, injc ticeliaz, in qujxitiz, auh in
on tn - • -Therewith thou wilt grow, where- qujchipaoaz, auh in qujtzmolinaltiz in tlafotli, in
w ' t f t h o u wUt develop. [Here is] that which will
205
 motocaiotia tla^otli: iehoatl in toiollo: oc cenca
awaken, and which will purify, and which will cause
iehoatl in eltapachtli:
growth of that which is precious." That which is
named precious, this is our heart; especially is it the
liver. r .
auh in jquac iquanepantla qujtequjlia atl: qujl-
And when she poured water on the crown of its
hvia. Izcatquj in jtztic, in celic in Chalchiuhtlicue,
head, she said to it: "Here is the coolness, the tender-
in cemjcac itztica: in aic qujtta, in aic itech aci in
ness of Chalchiuhtli icue, who is eternally awake.
cochiztevitzoctli, in cochiziaiatli: ma motlan iauh,
She never considereth, never approacheth somno-
ma mjtzmonaoatequjli: ma icuexanco, ma imacoch-
lence, drowsiness. May she go with thee, may she
co mjtzmaqujli: injc titztinemjz tlalticpac.
embrace thee, may she take thee in her lap, in her
arms, that thou mayest continue watchfully on
earth."
Auh injc novian qujpapaca, in jmac, in jcxic,
And as she washed it all over, its hands, its feet,
muchi qujtlatollotia: in jmac, qujl qujpaqujlia in
she gave a talk to all. Its hands, it was said, she
jchtequjliztli: in novian itlacapan: in jquexilco, qujl
cleaned of thievery. Everywhere on its body, its
qujpaqujlia in teuhtli, tlagulli:
groin, it was said, she cleaned it of vice.
She proceeded saying to it: 'Wheresoever thou qujtotinemj. Canjn tica injc otimotlaloc nocone-
art which hath caused harm to my child, here is tzin: izcatquj in tonan in chalchiuhtli icue, xictlal-
our mother Chalchiuhtli icue. Leave [the child]. cavi xatoco, xipolivi:
Flow away. Disappear."
This her speech or her prayer she said not in a injn ic qujtoa itlatol, in mano^o itlatlatlauhtiliz:
loud voice; she only continued speaking between the amo naoati, gan motenpepeionjtinemj, $an popolo-
teeth — continued speaking barely intelligibly. catinemj.
When the midwife had arranged the baby, then In oqujcencauh piltontli, in ticitl: njman qujtzo-
she wrapped it in cloth. Then she took it into the tzomaqujmjloa, njman qujcalaquja: in onca omocen-
house, where the cradle had been prepared. Then cauh in co^ulli: n j m a n vncan conteca, vncan cona-
she placed it, she set it there in the cradle. quja in co^ulco:
The midwife addressed the cradle; she said to it: qujnotza y co^ulli in ticitl qujlvia. In titocennan,
"Thou who art mother of all of us, thou who art in tilooalticitl in timacoche, in ticuexane: ca omecavi
Yoalticitl, thou who possessest cradling arms, thou in piltzintli, ca oiocoloc in topan in vmeiocan, in chi-
who possessest a lap, the baby hath arrived. It was cunauhnepanjuhcan: ca oqujoalmjoali in tonan, in
created above us in the place of duality, above the tota in vme tecutli, in vme cihoatl in tlalticpac in
nine-tiered heavens, for our mother, our father Ome
qujhijoviz, in qujeiaviz: auh ca oc tehoatl motech
tecutli, Ome ciuatl have sent it on earth where it will
oalcavi, oc tehoatl ticmotetzaviliz, ca timacoche, ca
undergo trials, where it will endure fatigue. But it
ticuexane: auh mano^o nelli qujoalmjoali in tonan,
is yet left with thee; thou wilt strengthen it, for thou
in tota in Iooaltecutli, in iacaviztli, in iamanjaliztli:
hast arms, thou hast a lap, even though it is true
that our mother, our father Yoaltecutli, Yacauitztli,
Yamanyaliztli sent it."
Then she cried out as she spoke to address the
cradle. She said to it: " [ T h o u who art] its mother njman tzatzi in qujtoa, i n j c qujnotza co^ulli: qujl-
receive it! Old woman, do not do anything to the via. Inantzin: m a xiqualmanjli, ilamatzin maca
quen xicmuchivili in piltzintli, ma xiciamanjli:
baby; be gentle to it."

AnTuh , h C t | m i d w i f e P k « d 'he baby in the cradle.

And there the parents took [the words]. When the njman ic conteca in co^ulco in piltontli, in iehoatl

parent ticitl: auh vncan q u j c u j q u e in pilhoaque, in jquac

p|accd * m 4 c crad,e ^
qujnco^ulteca in pilhoa, muchipa qujtoa: inantzin
[Thou who art] ks mother, rcccivc ^ J * , ,
m a X1<^lmanjli in pUtzintli.
206
 Then there was rejoicing, d n n k m
f3S d r u n k e i m e M ^ ^ ^ ^ H H ^ B j

1. Corresponding Spanufa text: y * *//« llarnan fnllaoano: y /J^rn Ic Uama [ f i e ] llacogulaqujlo que qufere dezir
la cuna." In Anderson and Dibble, Florentine Codex, Book II, T h e Ceremonies " nn \ v l x n P " °
*I jj. alii lt»•ijrv.ribed.
u^
described ' ^ ptilauano in the month of

207
 Thirty-ninth Chapter. Here it is told how the
mothers [and] the fathers promised that the boys I c cempoalli oncaxtolli onnavi capitulo, vncan
|and] the girls would live in the calmccac1 when m j t o a : in quenjn tenanoan, tetaoan, qujnnetoltiaia
they were already partly grown, already somewhat in oqujehpipikotonti, in cioapipiltotonti: injc cal-
mecac nemjzque, in jquac ie qualtoton, in ie achi
experienced.
ixtlamati.

And while the baby yet lay [in the cradle], those
Auh in ie onoc piltzintli: in pilnequj, in pillha-
who desired [their] children, those who loved [their' $oaque: qujlmach injc amo iciuhca mjqujz piltontli,
children, in order, it was said, that the baby woulc teupan qujtoa, teupan qujpoa: ijollotlama in tenan,
not quickly die, declared it to be for the temple, in teta in canpa qujpoaz: ago calmecac, ano?o tel-
assigned it to the temple. Where it would be assigned, puchcali.
either to the calmccac or to the telpochcalli, was as
the mother, as the father determined.
If they assigned him to the calmccac, it was said Intla calmecac qujpoa: mjtoa: calmecac caquja
they put the male in the calmccac to be a priest, to in oqujchtli, tlamacazquj iez, tlamaceuhquj iez, chi-
be a penitent, to live cleanly, to live peacefully, to paoacanemjz, iocuxcanemjz, mopixtinemjz: acan
live chastely, to abstain from vice and filth. If it were qujttaz teuhtli, tlafulli: intla cihoatl, no iuhquj
a female, the same was also said: she would be a mjtoa: cioatlamacazquj iez, īpitiz: no mopixtinemjz,
priestess, she would become an older sister, she also amo teuhdi tlagulli itech aciz: intlan nemjz in
would live chastely, she would not come in touch mopixque in jchpupuchti: in mjtoa ipioan in cal-
with vice and filth, she would live among the con- mecac onoque, in mopia, in caltentoque.
tinent, the virgins, the so-called older sisters, who
resided in the calmccac, who were guarded, who
remained interned.2 A u h i n j c aqujlo piltontli in teupan, in jquac netol-
And for the baby to be introduced into the temple tilo: ilhvitl qui 5 a, mocencaoa in atl, in tlaqualli.
when it was promised, a feast day was celebrated;
drink, food were prepared. Intla telpuchpan poviz piltontli: in anogo cihoapil-
If the baby boy or the baby girl was to belong to tontli: notzalo in telpuchtlatoque, atli, tlaqua: nel
the telpochcalli, the rulers of the youths were sum- motlauhtia in netlacamatcapan: conana, connapaloa
moned. They ate, they drank; there was in piltontli: injc conmaxcatia, cemjcac ymaxca,
giving of gifts in the spirit of friendship. [Therule ixqujehea in tlapaliuhcatitiuh:
of the youths] took up the baby; they cradled it u
their arms to possess it, to make it forever their po
session, until it reached a marriageable age. auh injc macho in telpuchpan povi, motexapotla,
A n d t o m a k e it k n o w n t h a t h e b e l o n g e d to injc vncan motentetia.
telpochcalli, t h e [ l o w e r ] lip w a s p i e r c e d in o r d e r
place t h e l i p p l u g t h e r e . Gesammelte Abhandlungen, Vol. II, p. 781, and elsewhere
.. re <srhr GesammeUe
- ' Aonunv-..^
« — « / » '.rit.. Chap. - 5 and pp. 378-79;
1. calmecac: in o u r translation often referred to as "priests' house. W. * c , c '
- less current. ^ f
, L*5n-Portilla, op. at., Chap.
fo C 0 j a d e religion." "d monestcrxo." in con-
((icalmccac. m t n " ' / - V* a r i o u s translations
c a i m c c a c , c wcalmecatV). u«uu4uuus o utf the
u i c term
iciin are more or
•«»»••— • chap* ^ refers
S a h a g u n , G a r i b a y ed. f V o l . I V , p. 3 2 5 . T h e C o d e x ' s corresponding text u ^ m ( j n e r a de viujr que llama [sic] telpuchcaUi" (fol. 1 7 6 c ) .
nection with both calmecac and telpochcalli; for example, "aqnella religto ^ pp 211-13.

and "la religion del calmecac" (loc. cit. and fol. 1 7 7 c ) . Cf. Sahagun, op. ctit., • _ ^ g 0 j 0 jrfeyte carnal,
viujr con las virgines religiosas, que
2. Corresponding Spanish t e x t : " a u j a de biujr en castidad. y guardarsse \ s c n C e r r a d a s . "
se llamauan las hermanas que viujā en el monesterio, que llamauan calmecac, q
209
 ^ey incised her chest; and when she was yet
btf ^ P ' t h e y provided her with the yaqualli qujcozcatia hijaqualli. Auh in cioatl conetontli,
a C And the female child, even though already inmanel no^o ie achi vei: ^anijo qujcozcatia in hija-
qualli: in oc conepil qujoapaoa in jnantzin, in jta-
D h t older, they provided only with the yaqualli
tzin, in oqujchpiltondi, in cioapiltondi. Auh in ie
While yet the child was small, its mother
vei: njman calaquj in teupan in oquichpiltondi, cal-
HUts father reared it — [whether a] male child mecac calaquj damaceoalizcali. In cioapiltondi in ie
1 female child. But when already older, then qualton: no calaquj in calmecac in vncan onoque, in
h male child entered the temple; he entered the vncan mopia ipihoan.
Lecac the house of penance. The female child,
L n already grown, also entered the calmecac
her older sisters remained, where they were
guarded.

235
 Auh in cihoapiltontli, in telpuchpan povi: imac
And if the baby girl belonged to the telpochcalli,
caoalo, qujmocujtlavia, in mjtoa: ichpuchtiachcauh,
she was left in the hands of, she was entrusted to the
in ie qualton cujcoian nemjz: injc qujtlaiecoltiz in
one called the leader of the girls. When she was
jtech povi teoutl, in jtoca Moiocoia, ioan itoca Tez-
already partly grown, she was to live in the place of
catlipuca, ioan itoca Iautl: auh injn fan jtlan nemj
song, to serve the god to whom she was dedicated;
in jnantzin, in jtatzin:
his name was Moyocoya, and his name was Tezcatl-
ipoca, and his name was Yaotl. This [girl in the
meantime] lived only with her mother, with her
father.
auh intla calmecac poviz, intla tlamacazquj iez
And if [the child] was to be dedicated to the cal-
piltontli, anofo cioapiltontli. Intla cioatlamacazquj
mecac, if the baby boy was to be a priest, or if the
iez: in jquac aqujlo, no mocencaoa in atl, in tla-
baby girl was to be a priestess, when [the child] was
qualli: notzalo in tlamacazque vevetque, in jntoca
placed in [the calmecac], drink, food were also pre-
Quaquacujltin: iehoantin caqujtilo: auh iehoantin
pared. The old priests, whose names were quaqua-
qujcaqujtia in tlamacazquj, in mjtoa Quetzalcoatl:
cuiltin, were summoned; these were informed, and
ipampa amo canpa tepan calaquj, ca mavizio, ca
they informed the priest called Quetzalcoatl; because
tlamauhtia iuhqujnma teumacho: ^anjio tecpan, da-
nowhere did [the latter] enter [any]ones house, for
tocan in vel calaquj: njman vnpa qujvica in piltontli
he was venerated, feared, considered as a god; he
in teupan, in vnpa caquja, in vnpa qujpoa, in vnpa
could enter only the palace, the house of the ruler.
qujnetoltia, qujoalana, qujoalnapaloa: ixpan qujvica,
Thereupon they carried the girl to the temple; they
ixpan conjiaoa in teoutl, in m j t o Quetzalcoatl, in quj-
took her in where she was assigned, where she was
tlaiecoltia tlamacazque:
promised. They grasped her [hand, or] took her
in their arms; they carried her into the presence of,
they raised her up as an offering to the god called
Quetzalcoatl, the one whom the priests served.
They said to him: "O master, O our lord, O lord qujlvia. Tlacatle, totecujoe, tloquee, naoaquee: a
of the near, of the nigh, here is thy vassal, the com- ca izcatquj in mocujtlapiltzin, in matlapaltzin in
moner. The mother, the father come bearing her, maceoalli: movictzinco qujtqujtivitz, qujtodvitz,
come dedicating her, come bringing her as an offer- qujvenchiuhtivitz in nantli, in tatli: ca tel amo tic-
ing unto thee. Thou dost not mistake her, for the motlanevilia, ca maxcatzin, motolinja: manofo xic-
poor thing is thy property. Receive her. Perhaps for mocelili: anofo achica njcan ochpanoaztli, dacujcuj-
a little she will perform for thee here the sweeping, liztli mjtzmuchivililiz, in njcan mochantzinco, in tla-
the cleaning, here in thy house, the house of penance, maceoalizcali, in choqujzcali, in jxaiocali: in vncan
the house of weeping, the house of tears, where the moxillantzinco, mocozcatlantzinco mamaiavi in
daughters of noblemen remove the secrets from thy
tepilhoan, in vncan tinotzalo, in vncan titzatzililo, in
bosom, from thy lap,3 where thou art consulted,
vncan titlaoculnonotzalo, in vncan titlanjlilo, in
where thou art called upon, where thou art called
mjhijo, in motlatol: m a n o f o xicmocnelili, ma xicmo-
out to in sorrow, where thy spirit, thy words are
celili : ma intech xicmopovili, ma inioan povi in tla-
demanded. Show her mercy, receive her. Assign her
maceuhque, in tlamacazque, in motecque. Tlacatle,
to — may she be with — the penitent, the priestesses,
those of cut [hair]. O master, O our lord, O lord of totecujoe, tloquee, naoaque: m a tlacaoa in moiollo*
the near, of the nigh, incline thy heart, favor her tzin, ma xicmopovili, in tlein ticmopoviliz, in tlein
with that which thou wilt favor her, with that with ticmocuepiliz.
which thou wilt compensate her."
When she was already somewhat grown, they
placed a marking on her, it was said; they scarified Niman qujmachiotia in ie achi qualton, mjtoa quj-
quapaxotla, ijelpan qujtetequj: auh in oc conetondi
3. Ibid, "donde las hijas de los nobles, met en la mano en vrcr< ri
hcM are more ofttn cxpHcit in e m chapter f int ie
r z tuT * « » °^ °
236
 Fortieth Chapter. 1 Here it is told how
mothers, the fathers, the kinsmen, the old men, the
old women assembled w h e n it was time to introduce
[their children] into the calmecac, as had been their
vow.2 And they advised the boy or the girl; they
informed [the child] of the vow whereby they had
promised him, and of the place where they had
promised him. And they told him how he was to
live.
Now our lord, the lord of the near, of the nigh,
hath placed thee here, and thy mother, thy father are
here, they from whose loins thou earnest.
a though thou earnest from the loins of thy mother,
of thy father, even before thy mother, [thy father]
is the one who traineth, who reareth, who openeth
the eyes, who openeth the ears; the one in whose
hands, in whose mouth is the reprimanding. 3
And now grasp, hear this: when thou wert yet a
tender thing, thy mother, thy father dedicated thee,
Presented thee as an offering to the calmecac. They
assigned thee to the sweeping, to the cleaning for the
ord, our lord Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl. And now
I f °r] this thy mother, thy father are here, to entrust
J ee, to raise thee up as an offering where thou
elongest, where thou art a possession, where thou
art property.
of
TaJce h e e d > O my son, O my grandson, O hair
0 my head, O nail of my finger, O youngest son:
thou wert given life, thou wert born on earth. The
master, our lord, sent thee. And thou comest not as
thou wert before; before, thou couldst not defend
thyself; before, thou couldst not stretch out thy arms.
I h U I T a h a , t h g i v e n t h e e strength; with
thee, she hath endured fatigue, weariness; with thee,
1. Another translation of fol. i7a
128-31. ' 181 f of this chapter — the exhortat.ons of the
pp
2. Reatl innetol.
3. Corresponding Spanish text:
Mi/os que ensefian." y l°s ^ydos, para
the
Ic vmpoalli capitulo, vncan mjtoa: in quenjn in
ie iquac qujncalaqujzque in calmecac, in juh ca ine-
tol: ic mocentlalia in tenanoan, in tetaoan, auh in
teoaiulque, in vevetque, in jlamatque: ioan qujnono-
tzaia in oqujchpiltondi, in ancxjo cioapiltontli: quj-
caqujtia in netolli injc qujnetoltique, ioan in canjn
qujnetoltique: ioan qujlhviaia in quenjn vel nemjz.
In axcan ca njcan mjtzalmotlalia in totecujo in
tloque, naoaque: auh ca njcan oncatquj in monan-
And tzin, in motatzin, in jntechcopa otimoqujxti: auh
mafonelivi in monantzin, in motatzin, in jntechcopa
otimoqujxti: oc vel ie monantzin in tlacazcaltianj,
in tlacaoapaoanj, in teixcoionjanj, in tenacaztlapoanj,
in jmac, in jcamac ca in alcecec, in tzitzicaztli.
Auh injn axcan, xicmocujli, xicmocaqujti: ca oc
tatzintli in mjtzito, in mjtzvenchiuh in monantzin,
in motatzin in calmecac mjtzpouh in ochpanoaztli,
in tlacujcujliztli ticmochivililiz in tlacatl, in totecujo,
in topiltzin in Quetzalcoad: auh injn axcan, ca iz
oncatquj in monantzin, in motatzin: mjtzonmacaoa,
mjtzonjiaoa in vnpa tipouhquj, in vnpa titlatqujtl, in
vnpa taxcatl.
T l a xiccaquj nopiltze, noxviuhtze, tzonde, iztitle,
xocoiotle: ca otimoioliti, ca otimotlacatili in daltic-
pac: ca omjtzaJmjoalli in tlacatl in totecujo: auh
a m o ieppa tiuhqujn tioaila y, amo ieppa vel timoma-
natla amo ieppa vel timafoa: quemaca omjtzmote-
tzavil'i in monantzin, ca omotlan qujhijovi, omotlan
ouiciauh, omotlan cochiaiaticatca, oaxixpalanticatca:
4 ' • jnjc omjtzmotetzavih: auh ie tiuhca-
auh ijaiotzin
_ may be found in Garibay, Uleratura,
. • of rhe father to the so"
ensenarte fsic], las buenas
,e an J' criar' ?
quc veas y oias. elhs txencn authors
237
 «Listen, 0 m y s o n , a s t h o u g o e s t t h o u g o e s t n o t
.j be honored, t o b e o b e y e d , t o b e r e s p e c t e d . T h o u
jit only t o be s a d , t o b e h u m b l e , t o l i v e a u s t e r e l y .
But when t h o u a r t a l r e a d y a l i t t l e s t r o n g , p e r h a p s t h y
l^y becometh p e r v e r t e d , p e r v e r s e . P u n i s h thyself,
humble thyself t h o r o u g h l y ; d o n o t t h i n k o f v i c e a n d
filth, do n o t c o v e t [ v i c e a n d filth]. O u n f o r t u n a t e
art thou i f w i t h i n t h y s e l f t h o u a r t t o c o v e t , t o w e l -
come the bad, t h e e v i l , v i c e a n d filth, f o r t h o u w i l t
lose thy m e r i t , w h a t e v e r t h y m e r i t , t h a t w h i c h is t h y
desert. A n d t o t h i s e x e r t a l l t h y s t r e n g t h ; c a s t a w a y
perversion, t h e d i s t r a c t i o n o f t h e s p i r i t .
"This is what thou art to accomplish, this is what
thou art to do. T h o u art to be diligent in the break-
ing of? of [maguey] spines, in the cutting of pine
boughs, in the insertion of [ m a g u e y ] spines [in thy
flesh], in the bathing in the streams. And do not
gorge thyself with what thou eatest; be moderate;
value, be fond of empty-gutted ness. He who goeth
hungry, famished, goeth skin and bones, he goeth
not suffering much in his bones, in his body; [like]
a chill and fever, rarely cometh the distraction of the
spirit. 7
'And do not clothe thyself excessively. Let thy
body chill, because verily thou goest to perform pen-
ance; for thou goest to ask [mercy] of the lord of
the near, of the n i g h ; for thou goest to remove the
secrets from the bosom, the lap of our lord. And
when the fasting setteth in, when the abstaining
from food occurreth, do not break it; that which is
done is as all practise it. D o not take it as paintul
be diligent in it. And take care [to understand] he
writings, the books, the paintings. Enter with the
prudent, the wise.
of a little b i r d ; for already
a,read, t hou
, „ «he s a t u l r f o:s « £hargc;
old women. G o taking
239
k w U . b e
there thou wilt De iuiu,
more, 8 for thou goest to a school. T h e r e thou wilt
examine, thou wilt compare the w o r d s of the old
m e n . A n d i f thou hearest something which seemeth
7. C o r r e s p o n d i n g Spanish t e x t : " l o s que andan
y si alguna vez viene este dessco, presto pasa como
8. quexqujehtzan: read quexquichtsin.
nopiltze, injc tiauh: amo ic tiiauh in
motolol, momalcoch ticchioaz, timopiloz, timocno
n e m j t i z : auh in ie achi tioapactzintli: at mjtonja,
at mamana in monacaio: ximocotona, ximozqujpilo:
ma nen teuhtli, tlafulli tiqujlnamjc, ma tiquelevi:
omotlaveliltic, intla mjtic xiquelevi, xicceli in aqualli,
in aiectli, in teuhtli, in tla^ulli: ca otoconmocavili
in momaceoal, in quenaraj momaceoal, in tlein
molhujl: auh injn cenca ixqujch motlapal xicchioa:
njpa xictlaga in neitonjliztli, in neamanaliztli.
Izcan taiz, izcan ticchioaz: itlan taqujz in vitztla-
panaliztli, in acxoiapoztequjliztli, in nevitztlaliliztli,
in apantemoliztli: auh ma ica tipachiuh titlaqua:
xitlaixieieco, xictla?otla, itcch ximomati in cujtlax-
colpitzactli: in ?aquaoatinemj, in omj(auhtinemj,
amo cenca mjtonjtinemj in jomjo, in jnacaio, in
mahan atonaviztli: f an quenman in ,pan oallauh
neamanaliztli.
Auh ma timotetequenti: ma tetzilivi in monacaio,
canel no^o titlamaceoato, ca tictlaitlanjliro in tloque,
naoaque, ca ixillan, ca itozcatlan timamaiavito in
totecujo: auh in jquac motlalia nccujtlaxcolfaoaliztli,
in jquac netenoatzaliztli muchioa: ma tiqujflaco:
in quexqujeh chioalo injc nemoa: ma tictccococama,
itlan xaquj. Auh xicmocujtlavi in tlilli, in tlapalli, in
amuxtli, in tlacujlolli: intloc innaoac ximocalaquj in
iolizmatque, in tlamatinj.
iAn^rmuch O nopiltze, notelpuchtzc: ca aocmo cenca titoto-
tzintli, ca ie timotlachialtia, ca ie timotlacaqujtia:
^ izcatquj in cententli, in cencamatl, in tonequjxril in
or
tivevetque, in tilamatque: ma xoconmotqujlitiuh,
men, who arc
maca can tocontlatlagaz: intla xicvetzca, omotlave-
do
liltic: a tel quexqujehtzan vmpa tilhviloz, vmpa
art thou. But
some timacoz, ca nezcalilizcali in tiauh: a vmpa ticncpa-
f v e „
noz, a vmpa ticnamjctiz in jntlatol vevetque: auh
intla aitla avmpa itztiuh ticcaquj, maqo tivalvetzcaz.
noz,
O notla^opiltze, noxocoiove: maiecuel, ma xonmo-
flacos, y se les part-cm los huessos, no dessean su currf*o. y rus huessos las cosas de la came:
vna calentura de emfermedoii."
 tzintli y, ie quenteltzin timotlachialtizncquj, ie
she hath nodded half asleep; she hath been soiled by
timoholinjznequj.
[thy] excrctions; and with her milk she hath given
thee strengdi. But even as thou art, thou wishest to
look for thyself, to move for thyself.
In axcan ma xoiatiuh in vnpa omjtzamapouh, in
"Now go where thy mother, thy father have dedi-
vnpa omjtzcopalpouh in monantzin, in motatzin in
cated thee widi paper, with incense, to the calmecac,
calmecac, in choqujzcali, in jxaiocali, in tlaoculcali,
the house of weeping, the house of tears, the house of
in vncan mopitza, momamali: in vncan xotla, cue-
sadness, where the sons of noblemen are cast, are
ponj in tepilhoan: in vncan cozcateuh, quetzalteuh
perforated; where they bud, where they blossom;
motemanilia, motcvipanjlia in totecujo in tloque,
where like precious necklaces, like precious feathers
naoaque: in vncan moteicnoittilia, in vncan motepe-
they are placed, ordered by our lord, the lord of the
penjlia in jpalnemoa, in vncan qujfa in totecuioan in
near, of the nigh; where he by whom we live show-
tetecutin, in tlatoque, in apia, in tepepia, in vncan
cth compassion, where he selecteth one. Thence
qujfa in petlati, in jcpalti, in vncan qujnmanjlia, in
emerge our lords, the lords, the rulers, the guardians
vncan qujnmopepenjlia in totecujo, in tloque, naoa-
of the city; thence emerge those who assume the reed
que, in quauhpetlatl, in ocelopetlatl ipan cate: in
mat, the reed scat of authority, whom our lord, the
jnmac manj in quauhxicalli, in quauhpiaztli.
lord of the near, of the nigh, setteth there, selecteth
there: those who arc of the order of eagles, those of
the order of ocelots; those in whose hands rest the
eagle vessel, the eagle tube.4
Auh injn ma xoiatiuh nopiltze, noxviuhtze: ma
"And for this go, O my son, O my grandson. See
nen itla tiqualnacacitta in mochan, in mocalitic: auh
to it that thou lookest not longingly to thy home, to
something within thy house. And do not say some- ma itla mjtic tiqujto, ma tiqujto: vnca nonan, vnca
thing within thyself, do not say: 'My mother is nota, tlacaonoac, tlaxquaoatoc, in noncaoan in neca-
there, my father is there. My neighbors, my pro- oan: auh vnca naxca, vnca notlatquj, naoa, njda-
tectors exist, flourish/ And my property is there, my quale, totoncapan, iamancapan nijol, njtlacat: cen-
possessions arc there; I have drink, I have food. I tlamjc ticmattiuh.
came to life, I was born at the place of abundance, a
place of riches.'" It is ended; thou goest knowing it.
"Here is what thou art to perform, here is what Izcan taiz, izcan ticchioaz: tochpanaz, titlacujcujz,
thou art to do: thou art to sweep, to clean, to place chico, tlanaoac titlavicaz, titlatecaz, ticochifaz, ticnal-
things in order, to arrange things; thou art to hold qujxtiz in iooalli: tlein tilhviloz, tlein ticujdanoz,
vigil, to pass the night (in vigil. Do] that which thou tlein tichioallanoz: amo cholovaian in ticholoz, titzi-
art told to do, [rake] that which thou art required tzicujcatinemjz, amo teticapul tiiez, amo tixocopad-
to take, [do] that which thou art required to do. In capol: fa ce monacaz ticchioaz: in ceppa tinotzaloz
places not easy for running, thou art to run, thou titzicujnteoaz, ticholoteoaz, a m o oppa tinotzaloz:
.irt to proceed with agility. Be not lazy, be not sloth- auh intlacanel te tinotzalo, ximoquetzteoa, xicholo-
ful. Hearing it only once thou art to do [what is teoa, te xiccujtivetzi, yn tlein ticujtlano, te xicchiuh-
commanded]. When once thou art to be summoned tivetzi, in tlein tichioallano.
thou art to depart light-footed, thou art to depart
running; thou art not to be summoned twice. And
although not summoned, rise up, rise running, take
quickly that which thou art told to take, do quickly
that which thou art told to do.

fe ^ * V ^ </// „ Cf. also Sahagun,

P °"'Wy to be read tlaxuauatoc.
6. Corresponding Spanish text* "Jn A

240
 ^eping, a h o u s e o f t e a r s , a h o u s e o f s a d n e s s , w h e r e
^ secrets o f o u r l o r d a r e t a k e n f r o m h i s b o s o m
from his l a p ; w h e r e h i s s p i r i t , h i s w o r d s a r e r e -
quested, are s o u g h t ; w h e r e t h e r e i s p e n a n c e .
"Whoever h a t h w e p t , w h o e v e r h a t h sorrowed,
whoever h a t h s i g h e d , w h o e v e r h a t h h u n g h i s head^
whoever h a t h h u m b l e d h i m s e l f , w h o e v e r e n t e r e t h
i d * onmocalaquj totecujo: ca o n t n S '
unto our l o r d h a t h b e n e f i t e d h i m s e l f ; f o r o u r l o r d
muchichivdiz m totecujo, qujmotlamamaaujHz'
will array h i m ; h e w i l l g r a n t h i m t h a t h e w i l l a t t a i n
qujtta* in tlein ilhvil, in tlein imaceoal: ca aiac qui
that w h i c h is h i s d e s e r t , h i s m e r i t . F o r o u r l o r d fail- monenqujxtilia in totecujo.
cth no one.
"But whoever also belittleth one, whoever is negli-
Auh aqujn no ie, ade ipan ondachiaz, aqujn da-
gent, verily of his own volition plungeth himself
avilmatiz: ca inomatca qujmoquechilia in atoiatl, in
into the torrent, f r o m the crag, and certainly our
tepexid: auh ca ic qujmomociiiJiz in totccujo, in
lord will smite h i m with suffering, perhaps putre- tecoco: in at palanalizdi, in at ixpopoiotl, in ac coco-
faction, perhaps blindness, perhaps paralysis. And totztli: auh vmpa onquj^az in tlalticpac, in jcnoiod
he will live in poverty on earth, he will endure mis- timaliviz, in tzotzomatli, in tatapadi, iccntlanca in
ery, rags, tatters. As his ending which he will attain qujttaz tlalticpac, vel vmpa onqujfaz: vel ijellelaci-
on earth, he will be poverty-stricken, he will be con- tiaz.
sumed by pain.
"And [because o f ] this, my youngest child, my Auh ynjn noxocoiouh, nochpuchtzin: ma $an
daughter, go carefully, little by little; arrive with, ivian, ma fan iocuxca xonmovica: ma intcch xon-
approach the precious noblewomen, the virgins, the maxiti, ma intech xonmopachiviti in dafocioapipilti,
beloved older sisters of our lord, those called, those in jchpupuchtin in jveltioatzitzinoan totecujo, in
named the older sisters, the penitents, the weepers, mjtoa, moteneoa ipitzitzinoan in tlamaceuhque, in
the sad ones. chocanj, in tlaocoianj.
"Here is what thou art to accomplish, here is what Izca in dmailiz, izca in ticmuchiviliz, izcan mone-
thou art to do, here is thy vow. Thou art to live in tol tichipaoacanemjz: amo tiqujlnamjqujz, amo
purity. Thou art not to recall—in thy heart are not to moiollo ipan qujztinemjz, amo mjtic ticnem)t.z in
enter — w i t h i n thyself thou art not to foster vice teuhdi in da9ulli, amo ipan timoiolnonotztimmiz,
amo ticnequjz, amo riqueleviz: chalchiuhnz, teu-
and filth; do not consider it to thyself, do not wish
xiuhtiz in moiollo, ticchichiliz in mo.ollo, m mona-
it, nor long for it. T h y heart is to become as a pre-
tiqujlcaoaz, ticpoloz injc tlalticpac, ,n,c nmace-
cious green stone, a precious turquoise. Thou art to
exert thy heart, thy body; thou wilt forget, banish oalti.
the things of the world. Thus thou gainest merit.11
"Thou art to think only of, to be diligent in, to
nLqm: m ,lh
take care of the sweeping, the cleaning, and then of
the drink, of the food of the lord of the near, of the
;
„" XHE
jatzin, m jtiaqu«"
- T>
ventzintli?
modacadaqualoa in tote °? ^
nigh. Is it true that our lord is fed as a person ? Is
itlan xaqu, in medad, m atl lchoad in
it rather only offerings ? Be diligent with the grind-
x i m otetlacamach^ maca opPa i ^
ing stone, the chocolate, the making of offerings.
And be obedient; do not be summoned twice. No-
bility is the good doctrine, the way of prudence, the
in iocuxcanemjhzdi:
way of reverence, the way of fear, and then the way
ma ticicadnen: manemoa
of peace.
maca ' x xtoma0 ' " ^ jt ™tetcch riqujtta, oc cenca
n
" D o not live like a fool; do not go panting. Let in q u e n j n n e m o a z . ra
people live as they will live; do not take heed of
, oHtjdar, y Uxcs J , * ^
11. Corresponding Spanish text: "as de hazer fuer^a a tu cvrafon y a tu cuerpo f"*rJ
241
 not correct, thou art not to laugh. O my precious vica: ma itlan xonmaqujti in ochpanoaztli, in tlena-
son, O my youngest son, it is time to go. Be diligent mactli.
in the sweeping, in the offering of incense."
Izcatquj ic qujnonotza in cioapiltontli, in jquac
Here is that wherewith they advised die girl when
teupan calaquj: in vevetque, ?an qualli in qujtoa: oc
she entered the temple. The old men spoke to her
cenca iehoan veiaquja in jntlatol ilamatque: ipampa
briefly. Especially extended were the words of the
ca cequjntin ipihoan catca, cioatlamacazque in tlatoa,
old women, because some who spoke had been her
no cequjntin calmecac nenca:
older sisters, priestesses; also some had inhabited the
calmecac'
qujlvia. Nochpuchtzin, cocotzin, tepetzin, xoco-
[The old woman] said to her: "My daughter,
iotl: ca otoconmocujli, ca otoconmanjli in jmjhijo-
dove, little one, youngest one, thou hast grasped,
tzin in motechiuhcaoan in monoltitoque: ca omjtz-
rhou hast taken the discourse of thy progenitors,
those who are here. They have given thee the incom- o n m o m a q u j l i q u e in a n e m j u h q u j in tla^otic, in
parable i words], like precious things, like bracelets, maqujztic, in chalchiuhtic in cuecueioca: auh in
like precious green stones, resplendent like precious juhquj in quetzalli in xopaleoac, in patlaoac, in vel
feathers, deep green, wide, perfect,10 which lie inert, iaque, in jnxillantzinco, in jntozcatlantzinco, in
lie folded in their bosoms, in their laps. cepoatoc, in cuelpachiuhtoc.
"And now herewith a word or two wherewith I Auh in axcan: njcan cententica, cencamatica, ic
help, I reaffirm the mothers, the fathers, the discreet, njqujnnopalevilia, ic njqujnnopatilia, in nanti, in
the able, [who arc] the candles, the torches, the tati, in jxeque, in nacaceque, in iolloque, in tlaviltin,
mirrors. Take heed, my daughter, my young noble- in ocome, in tezcame. T l a xicmocaqujti nochpuch-
woman, the youngest one: when thou wert still a tzin, nocioapiltzin, xocoiotl: in oc tatzintli, in oc
tender little thing, still tiny, there were present those titepitzin: mcviltiticate in jntechpa timoqujxti in
from whose loins thou earnest, thy father, thy motatzin, in monantzin in timezio, in tintlapallo, in
mother, those of whose blood thou art, those of timoxijo: ca oc tatzintli, ca oc ticonetzintli, oc tipil-
whose color thou art, those of whose essence thou art. tzintli: in mjtzitoque, in mjtznetoltique, in jvic mjtz-
Verily thou wert still a tender little thing, yet a girl, itoque in totecujo, in tloque, naoaque, in jtech tipo
vet a baby when they declared thee, promised thee,
vizquj in qualtin, iectin in jveltioatzitzinoan tote-
dedicated thee unto our lord, the lord of the near, of
cujo, in chipaoaque, in jchpupuchtin, in chalchiuh-
the nigh, that thou shouldst belong with the good,
tin, in maqujztin in teuxiuhtin, in quetzalti: ca
tine older sisters of our lord, rhe beautiful, the
vmpa timovicaz, ca vmpa timocalaqujz: in vmpa
virgins, those like precious green stones, like brace-
cenqujztoque, in motla^opixtoque in jpihoan.
lets. hke precious turquoises, like precious feathers.
Thou art to go there, to enter there where the older
asters [of the calmecac] are all together, remaining
guarded as precious.
"And this [being soj, as thou art already of age,
A u h i n j n ca ie tiuhcatzintli i n : ma xiciollocaco-
put thy heart to it. Do not break, do thy best not to
pavi, m a te xicxitinj, m a moiollocopa xicvelo in
ruin thy vow, for no longer art thou much of a girl
monetol: ca a i o c m o cenca ticonetl, ca aiocmo cenca
for no longer art thou much of a baby, for already
thou hast discretion. _ _ 7 tipiltontli, ca ie timotlacaqujtia:

"And this: thou goest not to the place of cour-

A u h i n j n : ca a m o avilpan, ca amo camanalpan in
tesans, the place of diversions, [but rather | to the
house of our lord; for there the word is awaited; he tiauh: ca ichan in totecujo, ca vmpa
is summoned, he is cried out to. It is a house of vmpa notzalo, tzatzililo, ca choqujzcali, ca lX3J

ca tlaoculcali: ca vncan ixillantzinco, itozcatlantz

9. Corresponding Spanish text: "porque las que hablā aujā cstado
n. 5; C h » M . l b 7 .
el monasterio y Ssi era bachileras "

242
 Forty-first Chapter.* H e r e are told Ic ompoalli oce capkulo, vncan
some of the sayings called adages, which mjtoa: in cequj tl^datolli, itoca ada- . C a P i t u | o - 4 1 . de algunos de los ada-
they told and [still] tell. gios, in qujtoaia, ioan in qujtoa. gios que esta gente mexicana vsaua.

SERVANTS ARE SENT

MOXOXOLOTITLANJ
This is said of one sent as a mes- Itechpa mjtoa: in aqujn motidanj:
MENSAJERO DEL CUERUO.

senger who does not return from his
in amo qujoalcuepa in jnetidanjz, in
errand, or who does not go where he ano^o amo iauh in vnpa titlano.
has been sent.
In truth, this is said: it is told that In vel ic mjtoa: qujlmach quetzal-
Quctzalcoatl was ruler of Tula. They coad, tullan tlatoanj catca: qujl vmen-
say two women were bathing in his tin cioa mahaltiaia in jnnealtiaian: in
bathing place.2 When he saw them he oqujnoalittac: ic njman quinoalioa ce-
thereupon sent some to see who were qujntin qujmjttazque, in aqujque maal-
bathing. But these messengers only re- tia: auh in iehoanun tidanti: ie
mained looking at the bathing women. qujmjtzticate, in maalua cioa: amo ma
They did not proceed to report to him. qujnonotzato. In quctzalcoatl: oc cep-
Then once again Quetzalcoatl sent forth pa 9atepan conjoa in jxolouh, qujtoz-
his page, that is, his messenger, to see nequj, ititlan: in qujmittaz aqujque in
who were bathing. He did the same. maalda: $an no iuh quichiuh, aiocmo
qujeuepato in jnedtlanjz:
No more did one proceed to return
from his errand.
In this way began, originated, the ic vncan tzintic,
saying, "Servants are sent." mjtoa: moxoxolotitlanj.
THE KNOW-IT-ALL TOMACHIZOA.
This is said of one who says he Itechpa m j t o a :
knows all about what is said, what is momachiztia in
done. muchioa.
Este refran se dize del que es em-
biado a alguna mesaicria o co algun
recaudo y no buelue con la respuesta.
T o m o principio este refran segun se
dize: porque Quctzalcoatl Rey dc Tulla
vio desde su casa dos mugeres quc se
estauan lauado en el bano o fuente
donde el se banaua y luego embio a
uno de sus corgouados para que mjrasse
qujen cran las quc se banauan: y
aqucl no bolujo con la respuesta embio
otro paxc suyo con la mjsrna mensa-
jeria y tampoco bolujo con la respuesta
embio el tercero y todos cllos estauan
mjrando a las mugeres que se lauauan
y njnguno se acordaua dc bolucr con
la respuesta: y daquj se comen^o a
dezir moxoxolotitlanj qujere dezir fue
nelhoaiooac: in
no bolujo mas.
E L QUE TODO LO SABE.
Dizesse este refran: por via dc mofar
in aqujn moch con-
del que piensa quc todo lo sabe y todo
dein mjtoa, in tlein lo cntiendc y en todo habla cn todo se
entremete y burlan del dizen tomachiz-
oa como si dixesscn vn nro bachiler o
lo que dezi. Petrus in cunctis.

ENTREMETIDO EN TODO.
IN ALL PLACES NONOVIAN. Dizesse este
Dizesse retran: del
este refran: AN QUE
que AM-
entra
T h i s is said of one w h o readily enters Itechpa m j t o a : in aqujn vel onca a- ^ ^ ^ a mjrar dc, q u c

into that w h i c h is not his affair, w h o q u j , in a m o

^ riaclaal anquui jaann:: m
in onma^oa,
onma 9 oa
, .. rhantcrs may be consulted in Garibay, His-
following c h a p ^ a y ^ V o l U t p p 4 W 0 ( c s p .

J , - v B r ; l b c LTr r ^T n u,
r s(C5P
sions
' PP'
of * * *PP- [38. 141«- t & S T S•Adicioncs al libro sexto") are the
P. 46), additional valuable comment- may ;„ ^ [ntChap.
J u c t l oVII
n («p.
445 48>- Panorama,
* found to Book VI; and or, pp. < of of lhe ridd|„ „, ch,P. 12.
resv.lt, of Careys col bang Of various ^ £ ' * ^ his translation from the^Na ^^ ^ ^ t r j m l a t , 0 n of Chaps.

b y P ^ D Sumv« er r ra ; W h " c section "Proverbios" has examples t o m ^ n O ^ ^ ^ ^ Umvfr .

d^ Nac.o^rAu^noma de M ^ ^ » « '°< <
E uJ J ^' 'JL ^Tr^ < < «PP™™" '
hc hk 1 t,m"

may be added a collection of ^ o f * \ - 3 p p 9 3 " 1 7 8 ' T ° °soutcc o ^ P ^ ^

f t h e v . n o u s ^ f *o« chapter,. ,n the
anonymous San.ora, m mcruZ ( i * ^ " " and ° ^
f V t ^ ^California. Berkeley C£ Arthur J. O. Anderson:
" R c f r a n e s c n un santoral cn mexicano " p ; M ) in the Bancroft Library, UUiveouj investigaciones HiStōneas, univcrsidati iNacionai
A u t 6 n o m a d c Mexico, 1 9 6 6 ) , p p . 5 5 - 6 4 u d t o t d e Culture Ndhuafl. V I ( M e x i c o : Institui
In order to assist the reader to a f n he next two chapters, we arrange them trilingually.
T h e Spanish is given with as little c o m m Undcrslan^«ng o f the material in this ami t ^ i t w a $ w r j l t c n i n the Sixteenth Ccnury
by a native Mcxican amanuenis. C o m o J ' " 35 P° s s »blc; allowance should be made tor n ^ ^ existing standard publications of the
T h e one or two i n s e r t i o n s ' bracket,
arc ^ ^ ^ ^ dic $ixtccnlh-century. langu g-
Soanish text.
Spanish 1Dtr?L"
Vcrifi^tions Can be made, however, by re
2. Read incaltitlan.
243

others. Pay special attention, be especially humble,
incline thy body considerably, put forth all thy effort
to enter unto our lord. Cry out unto him, appeal to
him in sorrow.
"Take heed of what is said, my daughter, my
noblewoman, my youngest one; it is not a matter of
the conduct of others on earth. We ourselves are
accountable for ourselves, whatsoever is done. Espe-
cially do not deviate in something; do not go crooked
before our lord; do not falter in something before
him.
"This is all the satisfaction which thy mothers,
thy fathers, thy older sisters provide. Go in peace
and calm, my little one."
244
de ticmati: cenca ximopilo, cenca ximopechtrca
ixqujch motlapal xicchioa, idantzinco ximocalaqui
in totecujo: xjcmotzatzilili, xicmotlaoculnonochili;
xiccaquj nochpuchtzin, nocioapiltzin, noxocoiouh-
amo tenenemjhlo tlalticpac, tihixcoian, titeheoan ma
iocolilo: oc cenca tehoatl: ma itla ic ixpantz
titlacolo, tidaviltec in totecujo: ma ida ic ixpantzj 1100
timotecujnj. mco
Ixqujchtzin nequjxtilli conchioa, in monantzitz*
oan, in motatzitzinoan: auh iehoantin in mr, •
tzinoan: ma lvian m a īocuxca xonmovivicatiuh
centctzin nc>-
 difficult, like wood carving, stone tetzotzoncaiod, anoc\tU
iJlS ring* or othcr cra ft s > or tU tultecaiud- a l 1 ^ «"daman-
^'cthiflg A c a r t s — S O n g > S r a m m a r > lizdi, cuicad * ^ lda
. ' ^Jcati, grammatka. etc- Ss"* r n r t n c « « « P«
ability is gained, it is said: vel omoma: mito*. •, mda

"chipping away on earth." tlalticpac. ' ' cu jcujtlavilli in

WORDS ARE H I S FOOD SALTA COMO GRANJZO DE ALBARDA

This is said at this time: one who is
3 little offended at once scolds someone.
Or he is reprimanded just a litde. H e
therefore comes back at one with words,
with which to abuse one. O r else when
something is said he at once joins others
to speak.
T H E SACK D R A G G E T H BELOW
This is said of one who appears on
the surface like a rustic; of humble
circumstances on the surface; pious, a
good person. But in truth he is very
perverse, very quarrelsome; a backbiter,
violent. Good is what he says on the
surface, but within what he says to
others is evil.
TLATOLLI ITLAQUAL.
Iquac mjtoa: in aqujn idaton ic
moiolidacoa, ? an njman teahoa: anoco
?an achi ic onaio, ic vei injc qujtecuc
pilia tlatolli, injc teaoa: anoce iquac in
jda mjtoa, $an njman no tehoan datoa.
TLANJ XIQXJJPILHVILAX.
Itechpa mjtoa: in aqujn panj neci
iuhqujn anaoad ixijenotzin, tladacatzin-
di, qualtzin: auh daca^o ie cenca da-
veliloc, cenca teaoanj, techicoitoanj, iol-
locujcujtla: qualli in qujtoa panj, auh
in jtic amo qualli in qujtoa tevicpa.
O ES noli me tangcrc
Este refran se dize: de aquellos que
tocandolos vn poco con alguna palabra
aspera, luego saltan en colera y en rine
y hechan pon<;ona por la boca: y quado
oyen hablar mal de otro luego ayudan.
LOBO EN PIEL DE OBEJA O DOBLADO QUE
VNA COSA T1ENE DE DENTRO, Y OTRA
COSA MUESTRA DE FUERA.
Este refran se dize: de aquellos que
en su manera de hablar y de mjrar y de
andar son como simples y llanos, y de
dentro son maliciosos y enganadores
[xiV] y aborrescedores dizen vno y haze
otro.

ALREADY T H E nagual C O M E T H F O R T H ; I E O N Q U J Z A NAOALLI: ANO^E

OR, T H E nagual C A M E F O R T H O N Q U J Z IN NAOALLI. T L E N E ALGUN TRASGO QUE LE AYUDA.

This is said w h e n s o m e t a k e great Iquac mjtoa: in cequjntin cenca Dizesse este refran: de aquellos que
care in m a k i n g a living, in g a i n i n g a m o d a c u j d a v i a , i n j c modaiecoltia vella- no parece que hazen nada y estan ricos,
good livelihood. And some are just tambien se dize de aquellos que traba-
i x n e x t i a : auh in cequjntin, $an datzivi,
lazy; they just pass the t i m e idly; they jan poco en deprender y en comparacion
maaviltia, atle qujxnextia: auh in ce-
gain no livelihood. B u t some of these de los que trabajan mucho en depren-
q u j n d n vellotlaixnextique, iquac mjtoa:
gam a very good livelihood. At this der o en ganar la vida saben mas y
o n q u j z in naoalli.
time it is said: "The nagual came tienen mas.
forth."
Also it m i g h t be said w h e n somc- No vd ytcchpa mjtoaia: in jd*
^ing is to be learned. S o m e only g o m o m a c h t i a , in cequjntin ?an datziuh-
about it lazily, and some ignore their tinemj: auh in cequjntin aindaquakz
sustenance. When they study they q u j r a a t i in momachtia, ic iciuhca vel
quickly can attain w h a t is taught t h e m . qujmati, in dein qujmomachua ic
Hence it is said: "The nagual came mjtoa: onqujz in naoalli: injc vel
forth." H e n c e it can be said, they say, m j t o a , q u j l in naoalli, qujtoznequ, da-
the nagual means the devil. cateculotl. RABOLA o CARA SIN VERCUE9A O
CARA DE PALO.
A. FOOL, V E R I L Y A FACE OF WOOD I X Q U A V I T L , VTL KQUAUH- Este adagio se dize: de aquellc* que
T h i s is said of a shameless one, of a Itechpa m j t o a : in a m o p i n a o a n ^ m no dene empacho de hablar. nj parccer
brazen one — one who in truth rushes cntre las personas sabias, y siendo ellos
amo temamatinj: in vel ianvetzi u n j *
into the presence of the illustrious.
pan in maviztililonj. de poco saber y de baxo qujlate.

PORFIADO O QUE NO CONSIETE SER

WOODEN-MOUTHED
T h i s is said of the arguer, the one
who is not to be bested in talking, w h Q
is unworthy of being bested in talki n j r
CONTRADICHO, O BOCA DE PALO.
TENQUAVITL. Este adagio se dize: de los que con-
Itechpa mjtoa: in tlatolchicaoac, i" fix mucho de lo que dizen, y lo que
*vel tenpanavilo, in amo datolpa*aV1' l o 5 o t ros dizen nuca les parece bie y son
lonj.
porfiados.

245

lends a hand where it is not his task.
In whatsoever is being done, he throws
himself among the others to do it.
I AM Y E T [ O N L Y ] HALF-ENTANGLED J
THOU ART Y E T [ O N L Y ] HALF-
ENTANCLED; 8 HE IS Y E T [ONLY]
HALF-ENTANGLED
This is said when some drunk has
ill-used someone, such that he really
died. But since it was a drunk who
ill-used him, he is yet [only] half-en-
tangled, because he did not now know
that he had k i l l e d o n e . I t was as
if he had fallen into a net when he
ill-used one. S o he hoped that perhaps
he might yet escape it; accordingly, just
as if he had entered a net, so perhaps
he might escape 4 the net. Hence it is
said, " I am yet [only] half-entangled."
THE ASTUTE ONE
This is said of one who can think
out how he should seek, how he should
bring to light what he requires; or who
can find what is difficult in a riddle.
ON EARTH O N E MAY T O I L
T h i s is said when sometimes we can
save up some little thing; but some-
times poverty overwhelms us. Some-
times it is possible, somedmes it is
impossible.
F R U I T IS BORNE ON EARTH
T h i s is said of some leader who is
cast aside, driven away because of some
fault. H e is like a well-ripened fruit:
it then falls.
N o ONE IS T H E NAVEL ON EARTH
We are to belittle no one; that is, to
detest him. Although he appear detest-
able, he is perhaps prudent, perhaps
discreet, perhaps able.
C H I P P I N G AWAY ON EARTH
This is said at this time: if we per-
severe in something, [if we] give it
our care, we become able in it even if
3. Read mochicomatl.
Read quifaz.
tlein chioalo, te-
amo imagovaian: in
hoan qujehiuhtivetzi.
Oc NOCHICOMATL. O c MOCHIMATL.
Oc ICHICOMATL.
Iquac mjtoa: intla aca tlaoanquj
otemjeti, in tie vel omjc: auh injc tla-
oanquj otemjeti, oc ichicomad: iehica ca
aiocmo qujma in temjeti, in ma iuhquj
madac ovetz, injc otemjeti: ic motema-
chia, ago ga oc ic maqujgaz; y ma ca
gan iuhquj matlac ocalac, ago qujema-
dacpa qujcaz, ic mjtoa: oc nochico-
mad.
IXPETZ.
Itechpa mjtoa: in aqujn vel qujnemj-
lia, in quenjn vel qujtemuz, in quenjn
vel qujmonextiliz in jtech moncquj:
anoce vel qujtta in dein ovi in gaganjllj.
TATACAPITZ VELI IN TLALTICPAC.
Iquac mjtoa: in quenmanjan vel ida-
tzin uctopialia: auh in quenmanjan vel
totech oiauh in jcnoiotl: quenmanjan
veli, quenmanjan aveli.
XOXOCOTIOAN TLALTICPAC.
Itechpa mjtoa: in aca teiacanquj, da-
galo, totoco itla ipampa idatlacul: in
ma iuhquj xocotl vel oicucic: njman
oalvetzi.
ALAC X I C T L I IN TLALTICPAC.
Aiac tictoxictizque, qujtoznequj dc-
telchioazque: macivi in telchioalonj
neci, ace mjmatinj, age iolizmatinj, ace
mozcalianj.
CUJCUJTLAVILLI IN TLALTICPAC.
Iquac mjtoa: intla itla ga itech tito-
piloa, dctocujtlavia: ga vel ticmad, ma-
civi in ovi: in juhquj quauhximalizdi,
246
hecha m a n o de lo que no es a su cargo
y se entremente [sic] a hazer lo q u e los
otros hazen sin ser a su cargo.
A U N AY LUGAR DE ESCAPAR DESTE
PELIGRO.
Este refran se dize: del que estado
vorracho mato alguno y despues que
buelue en si y ya esta presso por el
homjeidio dize aun no estoy enredado
del todo aun puedome desenradar [JIV]
porque estaua vorracho quando mate y
no supe lo lo [sic] que me hize: y por
esto pienso de escapar desta red o deste
lazo.
Es VM MERLIN.
Este adagio se dize de aquel que
responde con facilidad a qualqujera cosa
que le preguntan aunque sea dificultosa
y tambien que tiene medios abctos para
qualqujera cosa de presto.
AY DIAS M A L AFORTUNADOS.
Este refran se dize: quando no ay
posibilidad de hazerse alguna cosa que
otros dias se haze con facilidad.
C O S T U B R E E S E N E L M U D O QUE VNOS
S U B E N Y OTROS DESCLĪDEN.
Este refran se dize: de los que estan
en alto estado y cayen del y de los que
estan em baxo estado y suben a alto
estado de repete: y ansi dizen fioresce
el mudo como el manzanjllo q se llama
texocutl que tiene manganas maduras
y otras q ua madurado y otras q flores-
cen a este modo dize del mudo.
A N A D I E M E N O S P R E C I E S POR VIL QUE
PAREZCA.
Este refran se dize: porque muchas
vezes los que parecen viles y de men os-
precio son habiles o tienen algunas
virtudes dignas de precio.
LA GOTA CAUA LA PIEDRA.
Este refran se dize: de los que por-
fian o perseueran en salir con alguna
cosa que parece que es muy dificoltosa
 OLD HAND
l( is said of one if he seizes either
bracelets or one's book, or some-
tfag else guarded somewhere. He
aits it from there, even though in a
baikct, or no matter where, there where
is guarded something worthy of being
guarded.
MY HAIR, T H Y H A I R ; O R , O N T H E O T H E R
HAND, IS M Y H A I R , M Y H E A D O F
AMARANTH GREENS?
It is said at this time: if I have done
someone a favor or taught him some-
thing for which, because of my help,
he should have valued me, but it is only
with his abuse, his disdain that he
repays me. Of this it is said: "It is
[because of] my hair," or "It is [be-
cause] my hair is on one side," ' T h y
hair is on one side."
I CO IN CIRCLES, T H O U G O E S T IN C I R C L E S
It is said when I cannot speak the
truth, or I am questioned about some-
thing which I should answer truth-
fully, but I only mix my words, I only
end inconclusively. Some of it I hide,
but some I tell truthfully; or else I only
falsely accuse someone.
WHERE IS I T IN T H Y
It is said at this time: if one who
hates me, who accuses me so that I may
be
tormented, so that I may be perse-
cuted somewhere in the city, but it can-
not be done, I cannot be so tormented
nor can I be persecuted, for that reason
I say to my tormentor: "Where is it in
thy face?"
WHERE IS M Y NOSE?
WHERE IS T H Y N O S E ?
It is said at this time: if someone
has abused me, 1 should have abused
him, but he has fled from my presence.
Although he has gone somewhere, I
shall abuse him when he will appear.
H e it is said: "Where is my nose?"
n c e
O U M SHIN
bravery,
It is said
one of ones a ywho
who hr*,
s : «JTT
»
MA$OL
Itechpa mjtoa: intla dacujtivetzi, a$o
t e m a c u e x , a$o t c a m a u h , ano^o itla oc A.RREBATADOR O ARANADOR.
c e n t l a m a n t l i c a n a mopia, vmpa concuj- Este rcfran se dize: dc aquellos que
tivetzi, i n d a n e l tanaco, intlanel 11090 qualqujera cosa que veen en las manos
de los otros se la arrebaian o toman \o
c a n j n : i n v m p a m o p i a i n itla pialonj.
que esta guardado aunque este a buen
recaudo.
MOTZOTZON, MOTZOTZON, ANO<;O C U J X
N O C U E L E NOTZOTZON IN NOVAUHTZON. M l COZO EN EL POZO DONDE ESPERAUA
Iquac mjtoa: inda aca ida ic onjqujc- AGRADEZIMJENTO ME VINO CONPUSION.
neli, anexjo ida onjcmachd: in jpampa Este refran se dize: quando alguno
in, notcpaleviliz, ic nechda<;odazquja: haze bien a otro y el que rescibio el
auh c5 ie itetolinjliztica, ytetelchioaliz- beneficio responde con desagradeci-
dca nechdacuepcaiotilia, ic mjtoa: no- mjento entonce sc dize mjs cabellos
cubricron m j cara.
tzotzon, ano^o ie ne notzotzon, ie ne
motzotzon.
NITLACOCOLOA, TITLACOCOLOA.
HABLAR POR RODEOS.
Iquac mjtoa: in amo vel melaoac Este refran se dize: quando alguno
njqujtoa nodatol, in ano^o itla ic njtla- no queriendo dezir la verdad habla por
danjlo, in melaoac ic njdananqujliz- rodeos para que no sc entienda lo que
quja: auh ie $an njquixneloa in noda- qujere cncubrir y sarisfaga al que lc
tol, $an campa nocondadamja: cequj preguta sin dezir verdad.
njctlatia, auh cequj melaoac in njquj-
toa: anoce ^an aca itech nocontlamja.
FACE?
CAMPA MJXCO. CON QUE CARA ME MJRAS.
Iquac mjtoa: inda aca ncchcocolia, Este rcfran sc dize: dc aquel que
nechteixpavia in ma njtolinjlo, in ma qujso danar a otro y no pudo y despues
cana alteped ipan njtotoco: $an amo de descubierto su atreujmjento el que Ic
vel muchioa, amo de vel ic njtolinjlo, entendio dizele donde esta tu cara como
amo no njtotoco: ic noconjlhvia in si dixesse con que ojos mc mjras desver-
notecocolicauh: campa mjxco. gongado?
CAN NOIACAUH,
E L ME LO PACARA.
CAN MOIACAUH.
Iquac mjtoa: intla aca onechtolinj, Este refran sc dize: del que hizo
o n o njctolinjzquja: $an njxpampa oie- alguna atienta a otro y sc huyo el ation-
oac: inmanel canpa oia, ca njctolinjz ill tado dize Can noyacauh q'cre dezir no
iquac neciz: ic mjtoa. Can noiacauh. se me cscapara que no me la pague.
°Lf iterk ^TLANTT, N S a ESPISJLLA O EL REMEDio DB
3 r a v c aca q U j t 0ia :
m r ;n " 0, 0 q U c h i t o a
' -a „j tia™ £
ca' njtla- «fran
dc aqucJ quescicdizc:
aJanapor
NRA APLICTION.uja dc moft
falsamcntt dc

H E CLORIETH IN CHILDISHNESS
It is said at this time: if some already
grown person still persists in childish-
ness, if one already a youth sail digs
holes with stones or shows great curi-
osity, and if one already a maiden sail
carries her dolls with her, still makes
mud pies, this one glories in childish-
ness.
I PLUCK MY OWN TENDER MAIZE PLANTS J
THOU PLUCKEST THY OWN TENDER
MAIZE PLANTS
It is said at this time: if someone
whom I esteem perhaps offended me
in something, I quarrel violendy with
him; I shame him. If I make known
something of his secret doings, I shame
him therewith before others; I therefore
throw [his secret doings] in his face.
When this is done, it is said: "I pluck
my own tender maize plants."
T W I C E HE EATETH HIS OFFAL
It is said of this: if one gave some-
thing to someone, perhaps something to
eat, or a cape; once again he demands
it, he takes it from him.
H E KNOWETH NOTHING OF WHAT IS IN
HIS EYE [ N O R ] ON HIS HEAD
It is said of one who is stupid about
his body. He is tangle-haired, dirty-
faced. He does not wash his head, he
does not wash his face.
H E LAYETH NOT HIS HANDS UPON
HIMSELF
It is the same as "He knoweth noth-
ing of what is in his eye, [nor] on his
head."
INCAPABLE
It is said of the immature. Where he
is sent, there he goes not at all. What
he is to undertake, he docs not under-
take.
I GO ASTRAY, THOU GOEST ASTRAY
It is said at this time: if I study
something but cannot learn it, just as if
I, as a fruit tree, bore no fruit. Hence
* 15 s a i d : I go astray," or "I went
^ r a y , " or "I went completely astray."
PIPILPAN TIMALTI.
Iquac mjtoa: inda aca ie vei tlacatl,
noma pipillod qujnemjtia, in ie tel-
puchdi noma motetecomolhvia, anogo
mitzpepctzinalhvia: auh in ie ichpuch-
di, noma icoconeuh ietinemj, noma m<>
goqujdaxcalhvia: in iehoad in, ca pipil-
pan timalli.
NlNOTOCVIVITLA, TIMOTOCVrVITLA.
Iquac mjtoa: inda aca njcdagotla, ago
itla ic onechiolitlaco, cenca njcaoa, njc-
pinauhda: inda itla ijchtacadachioal
njcmachilia, teixpan ic njepinauhtia, ic
njqujxmoda: in jquac iuh muchioa
in, mjtoa: njnotocvivitla.
OPPA ICUJTL QUJQUA.
Itechpa mjtoa: in aqujn da ida oquj-
temacac, ago ida qualonj, anogo tilma-
di: ie no ceppa qujdanj, qujtecujlia.
AOMATI IJXCO, ICPAC.
Itechpa mjtoa: in amo mjmad itech-
pa inacaio, quapopoltic, ijtzocujcujda-
Uc, amo mamovia, amo mjxamja.
AOMMOMATOCA
gan ic no iehoad, in aommati ijxco,
icpac.
AOOMPA.
Itechpa mjtoa: in amo mozcalia: in
vmpa tidano, gan amo vmpa itztiuh:
in dein qujcujz gam amo ie in qujeuj.
248
NIQUAUHTLAMELAOA,
TIQUAUHTLAMELAOA.
Iquac mjtoa: intla ida njnomachtia,
?an avel onjema: in maca ^an njxochi
qualquavitl, amo n j n o x o c h i ^ k ^ k
mjtoa: njquauhtlamelaoa, ancxo ^
st&r****'-adc
GLORIASE o IACTASE DE LAS NJFIFCRIA'..
Este refran se dize: de aquellas per-
sonas que segun la edad aujendo de
auer dexado las njnerias no las dexan
sino siempre las lleuan adelante y antes
se deleytan en ellas.
A R R A N C O M J M J S M A SEMETERA O LO
QUE YO S E M B R E .
Este refran se dize: de aquellos q Uc
dene algun amjgo y por poca ofensa
luego rinen y descupadra con el y $ j
alguna cosa sabian de sus secretos luego
la hcchan en la plaga o les dan publica-
mente con ello ē la cara.
C O M E OTRA UEZ LO QUE A U J A HECHADO
DE LA BOCA O DEL CUERPO.
Este refran se dize: de aquel que dio
algo a otro dado y despues se lo torna
a pedir.
T I E N E LA VIGA EN E L o j o Y NO LA VEE
o NO V E E SUS FEALDADES Y SUZIEDADES.
Este refran se dize: de aquel que
dene la cara suzia y no lo vee y mas
propriamente del que es necio y se dene
por sabio y es pecador y se dene por
iusto.
No SE PALPA A SI M J S M O .
Es lo mesmo de arriba.
N o HAZE N J E N T I E N D E COSA A
DERECHAS.
Este refran se dize: de vnos bobos o
tontos que nj entiende a derechas lo que
los dizen nj hazen a derechas lo que les
mandan.
A R B O L SIN FRUCTO O TRABAJO
SIN PROUECHO.
Este refran se dize: de aquellos que
trabajaron por alcangar alguna cosa o
por salir con alguna cosa y despues de
mucho trabajo nj la alcangaroc cj
salieron con ella.
 d by it, I int0 his W »
^ ko chid me there; it would be as if
f j U against, I beat myself against a
stone.
[ FLY INTO T H E F I R E L I K E A M O T H
It is said at this time: if someone is
l0'wrangle with another, to go about
very furious with others, much angered,
in order to abuse others, to wrangle
with others; but only he himself is
abused, is shamed. It is as if he fell
into the fire. The fire moth comes up
to it thinking that perhaps the fire does
not kill one. When it has gone to fall
into the fire, it at once dies there. Just
so is one who is to wrangle with one.
Perhaps he goes to fall into the hands
of others, or he will be put to death
there.
ASH-FACE
It is said of one who perhaps has
done something, who perhaps has com-
mitted something. Perhaps it is a car-
nal life, a theft, when he thinks no one
knows his secret faults, but his secret
faults are already known. What is to
his shame has been made public. Hence
it is said: "Ash-face."
SCATTERER OF FRIENDS
It is said of one w h o is purely bad,
who hates people, w h o only w r a n g l e s
with them. I f s o m e w h e r e there is a
gathering together, h e sits there a m o n g
them. T h e y leave one by o n e ; they
quickly leave h i m . T h e y fear that he
might wrangle with t h e m . H e n c e it is
said: "Scatterer of f r i e n d s . "
I T WAS IN VAIN
It is said at this t i m e : if I wished in
my heart for something b u t it could not
be achieved; if I studied [ s o m e t h i n g ]
but could not understand it. H e n c e it
is said. " I t was in vain," or " I t was not
in vain."
T H E R E H E COMETH TO HIS END ON EARTH
I t is said when we are very poor,
when with difficulty there appears what
we require — the litde cape, the little
food. S o may it be understood of one
who is poor, who undergoes great trials,
whose rags are much worn, much tat-
tered. W h e n he clothes himself, they
are almost used up; they arc about to
V n *Pa
no nechaoa hihn •
noneoa, nonnovitequ* u J n m * tetitech
NOTLEPAPALOCHIUHTIUH.
Iquac mjtoa: intla aca teaoaz, cencac
motlaveltitiuh, cenca qualantiuh injc
tetolinjz, injc teaoaz: auh 9a ie vncan
tolinjlo, pinauhtilo: iuhqujn deco onve-
tzi. Itech oalqu)9a in tlepapalod: in
momatia aca^omo temjed in tied: in
jquac ovetzito tleco: n j m a n vncan
ommjquj, {an no iuhquj in aqujn tea-
oaz: a{0 ie vmpa temac, vetzitiuh, a{0
mjctiloz vmpa.
IXNEX.
Itechpa m j t o a : in a { o itla oax, a { o
i d a o q u j c h i u h , ago avilnemjliztli, ichte-
qujlizdi: in m o m a d aiac qujmachilia:
a u h ca ie omachililoc, otepan cenman
in dein ipinaviz: ic mjtoa itechpa
yxnex.
I C N J UHMOIACTLI.
Itechpa m j t o a : in a q u j n {an dadaue-
liloc, in aijel teitta, in { a n teaoa: inda
cana necendalilo in vncan teoan moda-
lia, can ipan dacacaoalti, q u j c a u h d q u j -
9a, q u j m a c a c i in m a teaoa: ic mjtoa
icnijuhmoiacdi.
ONEN ONCATCA.
I q u a c m j t o a : inda ida oqujnequja
noiollo, ^an a m o vel o m u c h i u h : intla
onjnomachtiaia, { a n avel o n j e m a : ic
m j t o a : onen oncatca, a n 0 { 0 a onen
oncatca.
V M P A ONQUJ^AN TLALTICPAC.
Iquac mjtoa: in cenca ic titotolinia,
in aiaxcan ncci totech moncquj, in til-
matzintli, in tlaqualtzintli: injc vel
caqujzti in motolinja, in cenca tlaihijo-
uja, in jtzotzomatzin cenca oi{oliuh,
cenca ie tzatzaianj, in qujmoquentia
9a achi injc tlatlantica ie oalcocotonjz,
ie vmpa onquj^aznequj in jnacaio: injc
225
PENSE DE GANAR ALGO Y PERDL LO QUE
LLEUAUA ACONTECIOME COMO A LA
MARIPOSA QUE DE NOCHE SE LLEGA A LA
CANDELA POR AMOR DE LA LUZ QUE LA
DELEYTA QUEMASE EN ELLA
Este refran se dize dc aquel que sin
consideracion acomete algu ncgocio
arduo para salir con el y no salio con el
sino antes quando cum perdida de
honrra o de hazienda 0 de salud.
SABEN TODOS Y ICNORALO EL 0
CARA DE CENJZADO.
Este refran se dize: de aqucl que
hizo algun mal y piensa que nadie lo
sabe y es verdad que lo saben muchos
y todos los que con el conuersan y el
piesa que esta secreto por esso dize
cara de cenjza.
DERRAMA SOLACES DESBARATADOR DE
AMJCOS 0 DE AMJSTAD.
Este refran se dize: de aqucl que es
malqujsto por su mala condicion, y
quando entra donde estan muchos en
algun rcgocijo en entrando el, todos se
saJen vnos por oaca [aca J otros por alia
y por esso dizen del ya ujno el derrama
solaces.
TRABAJO SIN FRUCTO.
Esto se dize: de aquel que trabajo
por ser Ictrado o por scr rico o por ser
bonrrado y dcspucs dc auer trabajado
no salio con nada o co poco dizen del
onen oncatca em balde trabajo.
E VESJDO A ESTREMADA POBRE$A o
ESTOY EN ES TRAMADA POBREFA.
Dizesse este refran: del que nj dene
que comer nj que se vestir nj en que
dormjr y por esso dizen del ompa on-
qujga tlalticpac, no tiene tras que parar.

warrior, a taker of captives, experienced
in war," but perhaps he is not a brave
warrior, perhaps he is not experienced
anywhere. And perhaps his body is
just scarred somewhere. He shows it
to others; he says: "This is because they
wounded me in battle." Hence it is
then said: "Our shin." Likewise we
say: "I shin myself, thou shinncst thy-
self."
H E HATH BEEN ABLE TO ACHIEVE
FOUR HUNDRED
It is said of one who knows many
things — books, painting, or some pro-
fession such as the casting of copper, the
carving of wood, the casting of gold:
all of this he knows well. Hence it is
said of him: "He hath been able to
achieve four hundred."
I T IS REALLY M Y ARROW;
IT IS REALLY T H Y ARROW
It is said of something which I guard
for myself, which is really my property,
really something mine which by my
own toil, my own efforts I have pro-
duced, which I have not just picked up
somewhere nor stolen.
Also it could be understood in days
of old to refer to him who took a
captive in war. Then came a second,
who seized one of his arms, or his leg.
Then still a third also seized one of his
arms, or his leg. Then a fourth also
seized one of his arms, or his leg. These,
the captor and the ones who had cap-
tured with others' help, said: "It was
really my arrow." But if later someone
else were to come, if he were to take an
arm or a leg when [the capdve] had
already been taken, it was said: "It was
not really his arrow."
M I S E R Y IS COMPLETE
It is said at this lime: if after much
time I amassed something through my
own work, and someone just stole it,
or somewhere along the road I let it
fall into the hands of others.
I COME AGAINST A STONE
It is said at this dme: if I were ask-
wg for something of some ruler or
someone worthy of honor because there-
by he would help me, but he only w a s
manj, ca iaoc n j m a t i n j : auh acacemo auer hecho algunas valentias y es como
tiacauh, aca^o can o n m a d : auh ago 9a dezir blasona del arnes este fanfarron.
cana titiqujldc in jnacaio: qujteittitia,
qujtoa. Injn, ca iaoc ic ncchvitecque:
ic vncan m j t o a : todanjtz: no loan
tiqujtoa. Ninodanjtztia, t i m o d a n j t z u a .
T O D O LO SABE.
C E N T Z O N , VEL ACIC.
Este refran se dize, por via de mofa
Itechpa mjtoa: in aca mjiec damantli
de aquel que se iacta de que sabe
quimati, amad, dacujlolli, ano?o itla
muchas cosas ya estado muchos lugares
nedaiecoldliztli: in juhquj tepuzpitz-
y ya [sic] visto muchos acayecimjentos
caiod, quauhxincaiod, teocujtlapitzca-
y ansi dizesse deste Centzon vel acic:
iod, much vel qujmau: ic mjtoa itech-
mjll cosas sabe y e [sic] mill cosas se
pa. Centzon, vel acic.
a visto.
VEL NOMJUH,
POR M J LAN^A LO GANE.
VEL MOMJUH.
Este refran dize: el que gano o
Itechpa mjtoa: in tlein njenopialia,
merecio alguna cosa muy bien ganacia
in vel naxca, in vel noiocauh, in nocia-
y muy bien merecida y otro le contra-
vilizuca, nodatequjpanoliztica onjeno-
dize o se la qujere tomar dize en su
nextili, in amo $an cana onjccujc, ano^o
defension nomjuh como si dixesse es
onjqujchtec.
mj sudor y m j trabajo.
No vel itech mocaquja in ie vecauh:
in aqujn damaia iaoc: njman oallauh
in concaioua, cana ce ima, ano^o icxi:
njman oc ce tlaiecaiotia, ce no cana ima,
anogo ijcxi: njman danauhcaioda, no
ce cana ima, ano^o ijcxi: in iehoad in,
damanj, ioan in tepallama: qujtoa. Vel
nomjuh: auh inda aca gatepan oallaz,
inda canaz ce maid, anogo icxid in ie
oaxioac: mjtoa. Amo vel iomjuh.
N o P U E D E SER P E O R O NO PUEDEN SER
ICNOPILLOTL OMMOMELAUH.
LAS ALAS M A S NEGRAS QUE E L CUERUO.
Iquac mjtoa: inda itla vecauhdca
Este adagio se dize: de aquel que
onjcnjxnextili: auh ne aca, ? a qujoal-
echo su caudal todo en alguna merca-
ichtequ j : ano^o cana temac njedaga
deria y se le perdio todo en la mar 0
otlica.
de otra manera para encarecer su per-
dida dize ycnopillotl omomelauh: cl
mal a venjdo todo iunto.
I V A POR LAN A Y P O R U J [vOtvf]
TETITECH NONEOA.
TRASQUJLADO Y TROPE5E EN LA PIEDRA.
Iquac mjtoa: intla aca tlatoanj, anoco
Este refran se dize del que yua a
ca maviztiUlonj njcnotladauhtiHa, S a
negociar algiina merced con alguna
ipampa, injc nechpalevi z: auh tf ie ic
persona de manera, y cayo en su desgra
qualanj, jan idavelpan nonvetzi: ago ie
y no recauo nada.
224
 . banquet, or gives him something, and
likewise I wish to do the same, to invite
him to a banquet or to give him some-
thing, then it is said: " A m I also per-
chance a withered car of m a i z e ? " or,
«^m I also a useless, withered ear of
maize rw
*
THROUGH H I M I E X T E N D M Y FAME
It is said at this dme: if someone
has trained well, reared well, his child,
his youth, or his daughter, or merely
his student, and [the child] is thus
praised on account of his rearing, and
also the parent or the teacher are well
praised on this account, therefore it is
said of one: "Through him I extend
my fame"; " I extend one's fame"; " W e
extend one's fame," etc.
M Y TASK IS TO GUARD T U R K E Y S .
I PECK AT T H O S E W H O P E C K AT O N E
ANOTHER?
It is said c o n c e r n i n g this: T h e tur-
keys, when they preen, c o n s t a n d y peck
at one another. T h e t u r k e y g u a r d i a n
does not b r i n g it a b o u t t h a t turkeys
constandy peck at o n e a n o t h e r , for they
simply fight a m o n g themselves as they
constantly peck at each o t h e r . H e n c e it
m a y well be said w h e n c o m m o n folk
contend, when they fight a m o n g them-
selves over perhaps their lands, their
houses, or s o m e t h i n g . T h e leaders do
°ot stir them u p ; the c o m m o n e r s purely
°f their own accord contend a m o n g
themselves, fight a m o n g themselves.
W H A T ' S T H E U S E ? S I N C E W E ARE FORCED
TO SAY: " W H A T ' S THE USE/' WILL HE
NOT ALSO S A Y : " W H A T ' S T H E USE F
It is said at this d m e : i f something
is taken from m e , or I lose it mysett,
it appears nowhere. T h e n I take « W -
~ L • ««what's the user since
age by saying: W h a t s tn
w e are forced to say: Whats
will h e not also say: " W h a t s the use?
_ u i V HAVE DRUNK IT
u hut die same was
something but t*e ^ ^
ruptcd; such as wh ^ ^
i n g Dte^ d ^ y ^ o u l d n o t f i n i s h . T h e n
interrupted they
at that time they say.
may have drunk it.
ida qujtemaca: auh no iuh njcchioaz-
nequj njtecoanotzaz, anogo itla njcte-
macaz: ic mjtoa. Cujx no njpatzac-
tzintli, anogo. Cujx no nen njpatzac-
tzintli
IPAL NONJXPATLAOA.
Iquac mjtoa: inda aca ipiltzin itel-
puch, anogo ichpuch, anogo gan idaoa-
paoal, vel oqujoapauh, vel oqujzcalti:
auh ie ic iecteneoalo in jpampa in jnez-
caliliz: auh ie no ic iecteneoalo in pil-
hoa, manogo in teoapaoanj: ic itechpa
mjtoa. Ipal nonjxpadaoa. Niteixpadaoa.
Titeixpadaoa. etc.
SHALL
T E Q U J T L NJTOTOLPIXQUJ:
NJQUJNCHOPINJ, MOCHOPINJQUE.
Intechpa m j t o a : in totold in jquac
m o x i m a mochochopinja: ca in totolpix-
q u j , a m o qujchioa, injc mochochopinja
totolme: ca gan monetechvia in mo-
chochopinja. Ic no vel intechpa mjtoa
in maceoald in mochalama, in momje-
da, anoce intlal, incal, ago ida ipampa:
a m o iehoantin techalanja in teiacanque
ca gan iehoanun monomavia in mocha-
lanja in maceoald, in momjeda.
QuESSEL, TLA NEL TOCONILHVITI IN
QUENNEL: AMO gAN NO
QUJOALITOZ: QUENNEL.
Iquac mjtoa: intla ida onjcujliloc,
n o , u o n j c n o p o l h u j , acan tie n e c i : ic
anogo
ioalnellaquaoa in n,qu,toa. Quennel
r ^ r ^ j l h v i d in quennel: amo
gan no qujoalitoz: quennel:
e „
251
M A Q U J M I C H P I L OCONATLIC.
Iquac mjtoa: intla ida oucpeoaldca,
auh ga no onjdacauh. In juhquj iquac
inter-
a c a m e moquauhtelolomomotla: auh
gan onjtlacauh, amo vel omotlanque:
was
ic yquac qujtoa. Ma qujmjchpil ocon-
m0uselet atlic.
sutuoso y mas largo de lo que puede
segun su valer y si alguno le dize que
escede los termjnos de la razon para
escusar su profanjdad dize: cujx no nen
njpatzactzindi: solo soy yo meguado y
escaso?
P O R E L SE M E ENSANCHA LA CARA O POR
E L SE AUCMENTA M J HONRRA Y
MJ FAMA.
Este refran dize: el que a criado a
alguno em buenas costumbres y despues
que sale de su casa es loado de la buena
crianga el que le crio dize ypal nonjs-
padaoa la buena vida del discipulo es
honrra del maestro.
No ESS [sic] A M J CARGO ESSO O NO
TENCO YO CULPA DESSO SOLAMENTE
CUJX
SOY COMO GUARDA DE CALLINAS.
Este refran dize: el que tiene cargo
de regir algun pueblo o republica en la
qual algunos rinen o se le rebueluen y
si alguno Ic nota de negligente para
escusar su negligencia dize yo no soy
mas de gvarda de gallinas y si se pican
ellas las vnas a las otras no tengo yo
cargo de despardUas.
Y A ES ECHO GUARDEOS DlOS DE YA
ES ECHO.
Este refran se dize: quando a acon-
tescido algun mal recado q no se puede
remediar dizen los vnos a los otros
guardeos dios de hecho es.
S l Q U J E R A LO BEUAN LOS RATONES O NO
VINO A EFECTO LO QUE SE PRETEDI A
O LO QUE SE PROMETIO NO SE DIO.
Este adagio se dize: quando los que
juegan por ser impedidos de alguno no
concluyeron el iuego o quando alguno
promeuo algo y no lo cumplio dizen
beujoselo el raton.
 fall apart; his body is about to show
through there. So began there the say-
ing: "There he cometh to his end on
earth," or "He liveth coming to his end
on earth."
HE BOASTETH OP HIS ABILITIES
It is said of one who boasts of some-
thing which he has — perhaps wealth
or wisdom. He goes about saying: "I
am one who aboundeth in wealth; for
here is my property, my goods." Or he
says: " I am a wise one," etc.
vncan peuh in mjtoa. Ie vmpa onquj{a
in tlalticpac, ano?o onqujztinemj in dal-
ticpac.
MOCICINOA. GRAN BALADRON.
Itechpa m j t o a : in mochachamaoa itla
Este refran se dize, del que se alarga
mucho en dezir bien de si o de sus
itechpa, a{o necujltonolli, a n o { o dama-
cosas.
tilizdi: qujtotinemj, Ca njnocujltonoa-
nj, ca vnca naxca, n o d a t q u j : ano{e q u j -
toa. Nitlamatinj. etc

D O T H THE HUMMINGBIRD FIND Cujx I X Q U J C H Q U J T T A IN

EVERYTHING?
It is said at this time: if we distribute
among ourselves a small tortilla or a
little of something to eat, and if some-
one says: "Ye have given me but little/
then he is answered: "Doth the hum-
mingbird find everything?" For the
hummingbird's beak is very small.
When it sucks the little blossom, the
nectar which it sucks is also very litde.
MALCONTENTADIZO.
VITZITZILTZIN.
Este refran se dize: de aquel que no
Iquac mjtoa: inda ce daxcalli, ano-
se contenta con lo que le dan o con lo
{o itla qualonj tictomamaca tepitzitzin:
que le cupo sino que murmura porque
auh intla aca qujtoa: {an tepiton in
no le dieron mas a este se le responde
oannechmacaque: njman ic onmonan-
por cierto con mucho menos que esso se
qujlia. Cujx ixqujch qujtta in vitzi-
conteta el paxarito zinzon dizesse por
tziltzin. Ca in vitzitziltzin cenca {an
uja de mofa.
pitzaton in jten: in jquac qujchichina
tepiton xuchitl, cenca {an no achiton,
in conchichina necudi.

DRAGGING TALKER TLATOLVILAX. L A R G O EN HABLAR.

It is said of one unwilling to speak,
who cannot answer at length when he
is addressed.
Itechpa mjtoa: in aqujn aiiellatoa, in
amo cenca vellananqujlia, in jquac no-
tzalo.
Dizesse este refran: a contrario senso
del que apenas le pueden sacar vna
palabra quado es menester por ser corto
en hablar y encerrado dizenle largo en
palabras y qujere dezir es corto en pala-
bras demasiadamete.

SWALLOW-MOUTH TENCUJCUJTZCA. BOCA DE GOLODRINO.

It is said of one who is a great talker, Itechpa mjtoa: in cenca datlatoanj, Este refran se dize del que es muy
a great chatterer. in cenca tlatole. hablador o parlero dizen que tiene boca
de golondrino.

DOTH T H E COYOTE PERCHANCE TRAVEL
WITH HIS OWN FIRE?
It is said at this time: if we quickly
gobble something not very well cooked
when we arc very hungry, it is like
what the coyote docs when he chews up
quite green maize. Just so docs it hap-
pen when one is starved; even if the
tortilla or the meat is not very well
cooked, one bolts it down as it is. And
if one would argue about it or try to
shame one, it is therefore then said:
"Doth the coyote perchance travel with
his own fire?"
C u j x I T L E U H I E T I N E M J IN C O I O T L .
Iquac mjtoa: intla itla aiamo cenca
vel icucic, tiqujciuhcaquativetzi,
jquac cenca ie tonteucivi: in juh quj-
chioa coiotl in {an xoxouhquj qujtete-
xoa elod: ca no iuh muchioa, in jquac
aca cenca ic onapizmjquj: indanel aia-
mo cenca vel icuci daxcalli, ano{o na-
cad, iuhquj qujquadvetzi: auh inda
aca ic tlatlatzoviz, ano{o ic tepinauhtiz-
nequjz: ic mjtoa iquac. Cujx itleuh
ietinemj in coiotl.
E L LOBO O 5 O R R O NO TRAE
CONSIGO E L F U E G O PARA COZER O
ASAR LO Q U E A DE COMER.
Este refran se dize: de los que por no
in esperar a que se cueza o ase la gujanda
la comen medio cruda por sucorrer a su
hambre y si alguno los reprehendc
porque comen la carne medio cruda
para escusar su besdalidad dizen Cujx
ytleuh ietinemj coiod mas cruda la
comen los coyotes.

AM I ALSO PERCHANCE A USELESS,

WITHERED EAR OF M A I Z E ? P O R U E N T U R A YO SOLO SOY DESMEDRADO

C U J X NO NEN NJPATZACTZINTLI.
It is said at this time: if one not of
Y PARA POCO.
means, also if a captain invites one to quae mjtoa: in amo qualli ynemjliz
n ° tcac^cauh Este refran se dize: quando alguno
tecoanotza, a n L
qujere hazer algū cubite profano y
226
 • w can he master it. O f him who
neiuia u
c t h i s it can be said: It cannot yet
do» on f
hatch from His head.
JSJ0 ONE CONCERNETH H I M S E L F FOR A
PERSON T E N TIMES
It is said at this time: if someone has
a task, something by which he gives
help, he is supplicated, he is entreated.
He says: "O that I may abandon my
task." When he does this, he thinks
that because of it he will be gready
esteemed, greatly honored. But he only
gives offense thereby, whereupon he is
released. But when he has been re-
leased, then still another is set in his
place and performs his task even better;
he who later offered himself did it with
even better care. Hence it is then said:
"No one concerneth himself in his be-
half."
THANKS TO ANOTHER, I SCAVENGE
It is said at this time: If I have
nothing to eat, and thanks to some
friend of mine I eat a little of his food,
perhaps someone asks how it is that I
cat, and I then answer him: "Thanks
to another, I scavenge."
W H E N THE SUN R I S E T H , IT IS NOT W A R M ;
LATER, AS I T T R A V E L E T H , I T IS
ALREADY WARM
It is said of those w h o m a r r y . F o r
they are still very poor w h e n they begin
their life. L a t e r , w h e n they have con-
tinued a little, they are already content.
Perhaps they already lay aside some
little thing.
W H E N C E DO W E COM»?'
It is said at this u m c :
uses us very badly o r m - » ^
thlT d°
I?
I»
M N W IS ONE SEEN?
J!rimc if one is much
is one seen?
N o AY QUE CONFIAR EN PARIENTES 0 A
A I A C MATLACPA TECA.
MUERTOS Y A YDOS NO AY AMJCOS.
Iquac mjtoa: inda aca ida itequjuh,
Dizesse este rcfran: de los que cstan
ida ic tlapalevia mocujcujlia, moncne-
en necessitad o los mesmos lo dizen de
nequj: qujtoa. Ma njccaoa y note-
si mjsmos porquc no ay nadie que
qujuh: in jquac iuh qujchioa in, in
entonce los fauorezca y ansi dizen aiac
momati ago cenca ic tlagotlaloz, maviz-
matlacpa teca. qujere dezir todos me an
tililoz: auh gan ic daiolidacoa: njman
desamparado.
ic caoaltilo. Auh in oqujcauh: njman
oc ce qujmjxipdaiotia: auh oc ie cenca
vel qujchioa in jtequjuh, oc cenca ie vel
modacujdavia in qujn omjxquetz: ic
mjtoa iquac. Aiac ica.
E L QUE VIUE DE GALLOFERIA Y ES
BAGABUNDO DIZE NO FALTARA
QUE COMER.
TEPAL NJTZOPILOTI.
Este refran dize: cl bagabvndo y que
Iquac m j t o a : indacade in njcquaz:
no ticnc officio njnguno si Ic prehuman
auh ago aca noenjuh, achitzin ipal onje-
dc donde comc y Ixrue dize tepal njtzo-
qua idaqual: ago aca nechtlatlanja, in
piloti como si dixesse nunca falta
c u j x onjtlaqua: auh ie ic noconnanquj-
porquc las auras hallan siempre que
lia. Tcpaltzinco onjtzopilot.
coman.
N o ESCALIENTA EL SOL LUECO EN
I N 0ALQUJ9A TONATIUH AMO TOTONQUJ:
SALIBNDO.
QUJN JQUAC I J E I Z IETIUH IE TOTONQUJ.
Este refran se dize: dc los principi-
Itechpa mjtoa: in qujn ommonamjc-
antes cn qualqujera officio o sciccia que
da- ca oc cenca motolinja, in,c conpe-
poco a poco van deprendiendo y nadie
oaltia in jnnemjliz: qujn ,quac in ie
deprende el officio o scicncia dc repente
Tchi qujtoca ie moiollalia: ago ic ida- como el sol que quando sale no calicnta
tzin ie qujmopialia. y como va subiendo poco a poco va
calcntado mas y mas.
AUNQUE AGORA ME DESCONOCEN Y
DESFAUORESCEN M J S PARIENTES ADĀDO
EL TIEMPO BOLUERAN POR M J .
Este rcfran dize: el que a caydo en
CAN MACHPA TIVITZE.
manos dc sus acrcedores o dc los que le
Iquac mjtoa: intla aca ccnca tcchto-
maltratan y no buclue nadie por cl y
jinja, anogo, tcchmjctiznequj, amo ma
dize cam machpa tiujtze acordarsc an
_ tijoavan, gan teenjuh: ic onmonanqu,-
mjs parientcs que soy su parientc y
lia. Can machpa tivitze.
fauoresccrme an.
WC
253
CADA VNO TIENE SU PROP IO
QUEN TEHITTO. PARECER BUENO O MALO.
Iquac mjtoa: intla aca cenca tlago- Dize cl que le hizieron alguna honrra
particular entre otros que la mcrecia
tlalo, maviztililo, tlacamacho: aca quj-
toa: tleica In ccnca qujmaviztilia in: mcjor: y dizen del los otros como te
njman ic monanqujlia. Quen tehitto. hizo horra aquel pucs que ercs cl mas
ruyn dc nosotros y cl rcspondc que

A M I PERCHANCE AN EAR OF GREEN
MAIZE THAT HE W I L L BREAK OPEN
MY ENTRAILS?
It is said at this time: if someone in
dire straits had stolen, had committed
adultery, had taken a paramour, or had
done something else wrong, and then
this one said to me: "This thou hast
witnessed; tell no one." And thereupon
I answer him: "Am I pcrchance an ear
of green maize that one will break
open my entrails?"
H U M B L E L I K E A TURTLEDOVE
It is said of one who is only poor,
who has not much to enjoy, who hus-
bands his very few possessions.
I HAVE Y E T A DAY; THOU HAST Y E T A DAY
It is said at this time: if a wild beast
might have eaten me, or I came upon a
poisonous serpent which might well
have bitten me, I quickly fled. Or a
bull might have gored me. But having
fled, I thus freed myself of the danger:
because, if I had not done these various
things I would have died; yet I shall
perchance live some few days. Hence it
is said: "I have yet a day."
1 low is T H I S ? L O O K W E L L TO T H Y S E L F ,
THOU FISH OF GOLD
It is said at this time: if one some
time ago lived a good life (and ] later
fell into some (evil) — perhaps he took
a paramour, or he knocked someone
down so that he took sick or indeed
died; and for that he was thrust into
jail: hence at that time it is said: "How
is this? Look well to thyself, thou fish
of gold."
T H E EARTH IS S L I P P E R Y
It is the same as the one mentioned.
Perhaps at one time one was of good
life; later he fell into some wrong, as if
he had slipped in the mud.
I T CANNOT Y E T HATCH FROM HIS HEAD
It is said of one who docs not accom-
plish a task; nothing comes of it. Per-
haps he studies a song but cannot
master it. A litde later he studies
Latin; neither can he master it. A litde
later on he studies the Castilian tongue-
CujX N J X I L O T L N E C H I T I T Z A I A N A Z .
Iquac mjtoa: inda aca ivivi onjean
oichtec, otedaxin, a n o g c omomecati,
anoce ida oc cendamanth tladaculli
oqujchiuh: auh njman ic ic aca nech-
ilhvia. Injn odqujttac: ma aca tiqujl-
hvi: auh njman ic ic noconnanqujha.
Cujx njxilod, ncchititzaianaz.
ICNOCOCOTZIN.
Itechpa mjtoa: in gan motolinja, in
amo cenca mocujltonoa, in gan quex-
qujehtzin qujmopialia iaxca.
Oc NOCETONAL,
OC MOCETONAL.
Iquac mjtoa: inda tequanj oncch-
quazquja, anogo tequanj coad ipan onj-
cholo, ga achi in onechalquazquja, onj-
nodalodvetz, anogo toro onechquaqua-
vizquja: auh oixpampa neoac, ic onj-
nomaqujxti: iehica, intlacamo onjcchi-
oanj in jzqujtlamandi: ca onjmjqujz-
quja, agoc quezqujlvitzindi nonnemjz:
ic mjtoa. Oc nocetonal.
QUEN VEL X I M J M A T I A IN
TITEOCUJTLAMJCHIN.
Iquac mjtoa: intla aca qujnieoa vel
monemjtia, gatepan ida ipan vetzi: ago
omomecati, anogo aca oqujtopeuh: ic
ococolizcujc, anogo vel omjc: auh ic
teilpiloian otlaliloc: ic iquac mjtoa.
Quen vel ximjmada titeocujtlamjchin.
T L A A L A U J , T L A P E T Z C A U J IN TLALTICPAC.
Qan ie no iuhquj in omjto: ago qujn
jzqujnpa qualli inemjliz: gatepan itla
ipan vetzi tladaculli, in ma iuhquj oma-
lauh goqujtidan.
AIEMO QUATLATLATZTZA.
Itechpa mjtoa: in amo gan centla-
manth qujmotequjda, gan amo de nelti:
L• . 1 ^ gan avel qui-
t Z : - U M q U j m 0 m a c h ^ latin, ano
vclqujchioa: l c ne castillan tlatolli qui-
niomachtia, amo no vel q u j m a t i . V n
228
S O Y COMO MA9ORCA DE M A H Y Z Q U E M E
AN DE ABRIR LA BARRICA PARA COMER
LO Q U E ESTA D E N T R O : O AMMELO
DE SACAR DEL QUA J O ?
Dize este refran: el quc a rescebido
algun secreto y quando le encarga que
no lo diga a nadie el quc se le dixo
respondiendo quc estara segreto dize
Cujx njxilotl nechititzayanaz qujere
dezir que nadie se lo sacara nj por bien
nj por mal.
HuMJLDE C O M O VNA TORTOLICA QUE
NJ TIENE NJ DEUE.
Este refran se dize: del que tiene
poco y esta contcnto con ello y esta em
paz con todos.
AuN Q U J E R E DIOS Q U E VIUA MAS.
Este refran dize: el que cscapo de
algun peligro de muerte y gozandose de
auer escapado dize, oc no cctonal, aun
tiene dios por bien que viua mas.
O P E Z O P E C E Z I C O DE ORO M J R A FOR TI
Q U J E N S E PODRA GUARDAR DE TĀT0S
LAZOS Y R E D E S C O M O AY E N E S T E MUDO.
Este refran se dize: quando alguno
que es bueno cayo en algun peccado
publigo por donde perdio la honrra y el
buen nobre que tenja: la otra gente
hablādo del dizen que vel ximjmati in
titeucujtlamjchin mjre cada vno por si
que ay muchos resbaladeros y caydas cn
este mundo.
Es lo mjsmo que arriba se ya [stc]
dho que apenas ay qujen se pueda esca-
par de cayer en algun peccado.
CON NJNGUNA COSA SALE DE
QUATAS COMJENgA.
Este refran se dize: del que co-
mjenga a deprender algun officio 0 scien-
cia y luego lc dexa y pasa a otro y con
njnguno sale: por esto dizen del ayaflj0
quatlatlatztza: como si dixesse en na a
asienta.
 there to be comforted. B u t
if °r. ^ e T C he abuses me, he afflicts
l,k^Sknilarly he sends me away. I
fvefalleninto his mouth. Hence then
• caid: "Where dost thou find conso-
jt issai
lauon.
MY HEART W H I T E N E T H , T H Y
WHITENETH, ETC.
It is said at this ume of that which
we much desire, for which our heart
much longs; such as when already I
die of thirst, or already I die of hunger,
or there is something further desirable.
When my heart realizes it, it gready
rejoices. At that time it is said: " M y
heart whiteneth."'
I T IS L O O S E L Y BOUND
It is said at this time: If someone
accuses me with many things which he
says so that I may be afflicted, and he
belittles me exceedingly so that I can-
not answer, but I still take thought how
I can help myself. If someone will say:
"Why dost thou not help thyself?" I
answer him, I say to him: " I t is loosely
bound. Even though he trieth, it is only
in vain. He doth not know in what
wise I shall avenge his deceit."
HE
IS WITHOUT HIS REAL
It is said at this t i m e : W h e n some
"ntrue statement is proclaimed irre-
sponsibly, if it n o w h e r e can be verified
- a s if one said: " I t is said that the
Emperor d i e d , " this is just sa.d; it »
not true. H e n c e it is said: " H e is w»
out his real n o s e . " B u t if the t r u t h » ,
told, it will be said: " I t is his real nose.
MODERATION IS R E Q ^ D
W e shall not put on us very
things, neither shall we
cently; only m o d e s t l y shall
ourselves as to clothing-
A L L HUMANITY GETTE
It is said at £ e
is gathered. wh=n ev ,
gather the ^ r v e s ^ ^
w h - everyone^
when la"*3 is cu
auh 5a ie no vmpa nechaoa, nechtolinja:
9 a n no iuh nechioa, icamac nonvetzi:
ic vncan mjtoa. Campa xompati.
HEART NOIOLLO I J Z T A I A , MOIOLLO IJZTAIA.
ML CORAfON SE ALEORO 0 MJ CORAfO SE
ETC.
PUSO BLANCO 0 EL CORACO.
Iquac mjtoa: in tlein cenca tiquele-
Dizesse este refran: del que se alegro
via, cenca itech vetzi in toiollo: in juhquj
por auer hallado lo que mucho desscaua
iquac cenca ie nonamjquj, ano^o ie
dize noiollo ijztaia alegroseme el ojo.
napizmjquj, ano$o itla oc centlamandi
elevilonj: in jquac qujtta noiollo, cenca
papaquj: iquac mjtoa. Noiollo ijztaia.
No ES NVDO CIECO QUE NO SE PUEDA
DESHAZER PLOXAMENTE ESTA ATADO.
PATLACHILPITICA.
Iquac mjtoa: intla itla aca ic nechte- Este refran se dize: de aquel que Ic
ixpavia, mjiec tlamantli in qujtoa injc acusan dc alguna cosa o le arguen dc
vel njtolinjloz: auh cenca nechmoxic- alguna cosa que con facilidad se puede
tia, injc amo vel njtlananqujlia: auh responder o rcmcdiar. y dize patlachil-
iece vel njcncmjlia, injc njnopalcviz: pitica, esse negocio con facilidad se
Intla aca qujtoz. Tlcica in amo timopa- podra remediar o con facilidad sc puede
lcuja. Nicnanqujlia, njqujlvia. Patlach- responder a esc argumento.
ilpitica: macivi muchicaoa gan qujpi-
quj: amo qujmati in quenjn vel ipan
njccuepaz itecanecaiaoaliz.
N o ES COSA CFERTA LO QUE DIZK, NO
LLEUA CAMJ NO PARA SER VERDAD ESTO.
AIATLE IVEL YIACA.
Este refran se dize: de las nueuas
NOSE
Iquac mjtoa: in jtla tlatolli amo meJ-
hechadizas o /ingidas que no lleua color
Jaoac, in gan iliujz moteneoa, acan vel
de verdad el que las oye responde dizi
ixneci: in juhquj tla aca qujtoa. Qujl
endo ayatle vel yiaca: no ticne esto
omjc in Emperador: injn ca gan mjtoa,
aparencia dc vdad.
camo neili: ic mjtoa. Aiade iuel iaca.
Auh intla ie melaoac mjtoa: mjtoz. Ie
ivel iaca.
L o MODERADO COVIENE MAS EN TODAS
LAS COSAS.
TLACOOUALLI IN MONEQUJ.
Este refran se dize: de qualqujcra
Amo cenca tzotzomatli in totech dc-
C A T T C R E D estremo ora sea en vestir 0 en comer
dalizque: amo no cenca titoiecquetzaz-
o en hablar dizen tlacoqualli monequj,
q u c : $an jpan qualli injc titochichioaz-
lo rasonable es bueno.
a<Jorn que: in jtechpa in tlaqucmjtl.
E S T E ES TIEMPO E QUE TODOS VAN A
HAZER SUS SEMENTERAS O A COCER SUS
MAHIZES ETA. SIN QUEDAR NAD1E.
TLACAITLEOA.
UP TO CO Iquac mjtoa: in jquac pipixco, in Este refran se dize: de los tiempos
^ H A R V E S T muchi tlacatl iauh mopixqujliz: no vel quando todos acuden a hazer sus hazi-
goes to mjtoa, in jquac muchi tlacatl iauh, in endas segun que el tiempo lo demanda
^
a jmjlpan, in jquac climjco. dizen dacaytleoa todos abarrisco van a
m3IZC field
hazer tal o tal cosa.
255

H E IS L I K E HIS RABBIT
It is said of these: when some drink
wine, when one weeps much and one
wrangles with others, shouts at others,
of him who shouts at others or who
weeps to himself it is said: He is like
his rabbit " It is because in times of
old, wine was falsely attributed to the
rabbits, whom the ancient ones war
shipped.
Also it is said of one who much
afflicts others or of a pious person whom
everyone loves, even if he is not drunk;
it also was said: " H e is like his rabbit";
that is, "So is his way of life.
FACE o r GLORY
It is said of one who seems to be fair
ol body, to make things well, to do
things well, but can do nothing. Espe-
cially is it said of women who appear
to be able to embroider, to spin, but
just can do nothing; they only fool one.
l l m c e of such it is said: "Face of
glory."
D O T H A WRY LOOK H U R T O N I ? AND
A W IT IS SAID: " P V R H A P S THERE IS
IMAM* IN MY l»ACI; ARK MY ENTRAILS
ALSO SHAMED?"
It I» said Ji this time: if I am already
vrry hungry, already dying of hunger;
w>eral are eating; I beg them to give
n>e a little ot what they eat; they give
me nothing - the\ are only angry, they
look aihincc at me.
But he* a use I am already quite dying
of hunger. I then quickly seat myself
among them and I cat something, or
e l * I quickly snatch myself a tortilla.
At this time it is said: "Doth a wry
luuk hurt one?" For looking askance
at one does one no harm, but hunger
lull* one; because of it there is death.
W H E R E DOST THOU FIND CONSOLATION?
It is said at this time: If someone
abused rne, injured me with words
already I go to see one of my friends'
IE IUHQUJ ITOCH.
Intechpa mjtoa: in jquac acamc tla-
oana, in aca cenca choca: auh in aca
teaoa, tetzatzilia: in aqujn tetzatzUia,
in anogo mochoqujlia, mjtoaia: ie iuh-
quj itoch. Ipampa ca in ic vecauh, in
ocdi intcch qujtlamjliaia in totochtin,
in qujnmoteotiaia vevctque.
No itechpa mjtoa in aqujn ccnca
tetolinjanj: in anogo tladacatzindi, m
muchi dacatl qujtlagoda: madvi in
amo daoanquj, no mjtoaia. Ie iuhquj
itoch, qujtoznequj: ic iuhquj yicliz.
IxTIMAL.
Itechpa mjtoa: in aqujn cenca qualli
ic neci inacaio, in ca itla vel qujchioa, in
ca vel ida ay: auh ie adc vel qujchioa.
Oc cenca intechpa mjtoa in cioa, in ca
neci vellamachioa, vel tzaoa, auh ga ic
amo, ade vel ai, gan tcixcuepa: ic itech-
pa mjtoa. Ixtimal.
Cujx TBCOCO IN J X C U E L L I : AUH I B NO
MJTOA. A g o NOXAIAC IN PINAOA:
NOCUJTLAXCOL C U J X NO PINAOA.
Iquac mjtoa: inda ccnca ie njteucivi,
ie no napizmjquj: ccqujndn tlaquati-
catc: njqujntlaitlanjlia, in ma tepiton
ncchmacacan in qujqua, ade ncchmaca:
gan qualanj, ncchixcuelitta:
auh ichica ca ccnca ie no napizmjquj:
njman indan nonnotlaliuvetzi, ioan nj-
tlaqua, anogo gan no concujdvetzi in
tlaxcalli: iquac mjtoa. Cujx tecoco in
jxcuelli: ca in teixcuclittaliztli, aquen
tcchiuh: gan m apizmjqujliztli temjeti,
ic mjcoa.
CAMPA XONPATI.
Iquac mjtoa: intla aca oncchaoac
n,UH n,C,U,lUz» * * vmpa njnoiollaliz:
256
teito: p a r c c i o l c assi q u c yo la merecia
fx/r] mcjor.
Los BORRACHOS CON E L VINO VNOS
LLORAN OTROS VOZEAN OTROS RINEN
OTROS APORREAN A LOS QUE TOPAN Y
ANSI DIZEN QUE CADA BORRACHO T I E N E
SU PARTICULAR CONEJO.
Este refran se dize de las condiciones
diuersas dc los hombres dizen ie iuhquj
itoch: esse tiene esa condicion.
TIENE B U E N A CARA: TIENE BUENA
PARENCIA.
Este refran se dize: dc las personas
que cn su gesto y disposicion parece
que son para mucho y no so para nada
en la verdad, o son pa poco desta sc
dize por uja de mofa ixtimal, cara
gloriosa.
IN LASTIMA EL C U E R P O EL MJRAR
CON CENO?
Este refran sc dize: dc los quc no sc
dan nada del ccno de la cara nj dcxan
de hazer lo que les parece aunquc al-
guno les mjre con cara enojada: como
cs quando algunos estan comjcndo y
entra alguno de nueuo y los que estan
comjendo le mjran dc mal rostro dan-
dole a cntender que les pesa de su vida
nj aun le combidan a comcr sino quc
querrian quc sc fucsse y cl no obstante
esto sicntasc a comer y come dize den-
tro dc si. Cujx tecoco yn jxcueli qujcrc
dezir, mas vale vcrgucnga en rostro que
manzilla en coragon.
DONDE H A L L A R A E L HOMBRE
CONSOLACION? O DODE PENSE DE HALLAR
COSOLACION HALLE REPREHENSION.
Este adagio sc dize: del que descon-
solado fuc a hablar a algun amigo suyo
contandole su trabajo y cl no le consoio
 hc was to have secured tleiyn onjccujzquja, a n o p cana onmo-
* 5 5 but he went getting noth- tlavitequjto: ic onmolhvia. Atelchjd v i *oy de aquj dizen comumente teca
< t s of! saying: "What is it onjdatelchiuh: q'ere dez.Y T I
rip I H , r holS^rnc

luld have secured?" Or he went aeJ mal ageno.

j somewhere stumbling and falling.
I r i t i s said: "He had it coming."

[T AROSE FROM THY LAZINESS OMOTLATZIVIZ EOAC

It is said at this time: If we send
someone to call someone but he does
not wish to go and later we cause him
to get him; and perhaps he meets him
whom he was especially to call, perhaps
just outside the house — perhaps
had left some time ago — then it is said
to him: "It arose from thy laziness."
A PROPOSITO DE M J PEREZA A VENJDO.
Iquac mjtoa: intla aca deddanj, aca Este refran dize, e! que con dificultad
qujnotzaz: auh amo qujnequj in iaz: fue persuadido a que fuesse a IJamar a
auh gatepan vel dccelilda: auh in ma- alguno o que hiziesse algo que el no
che qujnotzaz, ago ga caltenpan in con- queria a hazer y quado ya yua a Ilamar
namjquj, ago ie ocuel oalla, ic onjlhvilo. al que le mandan el otro vino o quado
he Omotlatziviz eoac. ya yua a hazer lo que Ie mandaua y
luego le madaro que Ie dexasse dize
onotlatziujz eoac. hizosse conforme a
lo que mj pereza desscaua.

MY LOUSE-NITS H A V E H E A R D I T A L L Y YA ESTOV ENHASTIADO DE OYRTE ESSO.

MUCHI OQUJCAC IN NACEL.
h is said at this dme: If one assigns Iquac mjtoa: in aca itla qujteneoa, Este refran dize: el que le madan
someone to do something, many times mjiecpa qujcujcujtlacuepa, in atztzan hazer algo muchas vczes y el no lo
C kec P s qujtoa in tlatolli. qujere hazer y para dar a entender que
turning away, many times he
says the words. por mas que se lo digan no lo hara
dize: muchi oqujeae inacel [sic]: todas
las liendres que tengo en la cabega a ya
oydo esso y estan enhastiadas de oyrlo.

H*Y MAKE mole OF ALL T H E HORNED MUCH IN Q U J M O M O L C H I O A IN

TAPAIAXIN NJCACI.
TOADS I CATCH Dizesc este adagio, de aquellos que
Jt is said at this t i m e : I f s o m e o n e is Iquac mjtoa: in aca ida tequjrilo, in qualqujera cosa libiana se Ic haze graue
ass igned some easy task, h c regards it a m o ovi: cenca covicaitta: anogo quj-
de hazer.
as difficult. O r he hears s o m e litde caquj itla tepiton datolli, covi^mati ic
l^ord; he thinks it dangerous, he is dis- m o t e q u j p a c h o a : ic monanqujha. Much
heartened by it. H e n c e it is a n s w e r e d : in q u j m o m o l c h i o a . etc.
E s T O Y BORRANDO O HAGO ALGUNA COSA
hey make mole of all," etc.
QUE NO PARECERA BIEN.
NITLATLILPATLAOA. Este refran dize: el que hum,lludose
I SPREAD T H E BLACK
d e alguna cosa que esta haz.endo due
It is said at this t i m e : By what we
d o wrong or say imprudently, we are
oa, ancx;o tiqu)toa atonczc njtlathlpadaoa hago poco y mal como
el pin tor necio que haze maJ su o f i c a
therefore angered, offended. It derives titlaqualanja, ic £ "in
from painters of colors w h o sometimes pallacujloquc intechpa
ttr when they outline something in quenmanjan t.adac°a ,n
black; sometimes they spread the black. a n j a : in quenmanjan qujui P CANATARILLO OLE ^ ^
, A PUENTE o DEXA EL ASA O LA FRETS
R I - QUB M U C H . V E -
* UJESSA EL CAMJNO ALGUNA VEZ
A s T H E L I T T L E SNAIL SAID, I T IS , P.SADO DE LOS CAMJNATES.
ItJH QUJTO ATECOCOLP.LA* >«L Por I - <3- ^azen
C E R T A I N L Y NOT OUR PLACE OF
toxaxaxamaca^..^ ^ j .
SHATTERING ™ £ « a d o q alguna uez
It is said at this time: If someone Iquac mjtoa: intla ac , jl(jloC) muchas v « « vn J o q u e hlZO
has committed some wrong and is pun- chiuh tladaculli: auh .c odatza ^ |C toman er i d J P * toxaxam3 ca. an
ished for it; or they imprisoned him; znoso oqujtzacuna: ano? ,uh vM T J T J
quiere dezir,
dc pagar
or s o m e o n e went somewhere [and] oia vmpa o m o m , q u , l - xanla-
los males hechos.
there he died. Hence it is said, " A s the qujto atecocolpil. aie nei
little snail said, it is certainly not our caian.
place of shattering."
257

H A V E I J U S T BECOME A COYOTE?
D o I NOT SEE IT S O M E T I M E ?
It is said at this time: If one pre-
tends to know something. Perhaps he
says: "I went to Castile," or to Guate-
mala, or he says: "I was an alcalde
But it is not true; he only lies. So it is
said: "Have I just become a coyote?
Do I not see at some time that he went
to Castile or to Guatemala, or 5 that at
some time he was an alcalde?"
M A Y I BATHE M Y S E L F AT C H A P U L T E P E C !
It is said at this time: If it befalls me
that a great sickness settles on me or
my burden is somewhat afflicting, I
very much wish that I recover, that my
burden soon come to an end. And if in
some way I recovered or my burden
came to an end, then I say: "May I
bathe myself at Chapultepec!"
L I V I N G IS N O T W I T H T H E POOR
It is said of some ruler who enters
the house of some poor commoner.
Then it is said: "This ruler — living
is not with the poor"; that is to say, he
is not to enter the home of a poor man,
but he should enter the house of a ruler.
Also it is said of someone who is un-
appreciative. Perhaps some little thing
is offered, perhaps a little food. He only
belittles it, he only disdains it; he re-
quires something costly; perhaps he
requires a turkey hen. Then it is said:
"Living is not with the poor."
HE IS R I C H T L Y SERVED, OR
H E HAD I T C O M I N G
It is said at this time: If we send
someone for something, with difficulty
have we caused him to get it, to receive
5. Read anofo.
QUJN JN NJCOIUTL: MA ICA
NJQUJTTA.
Iquac mjtoa: intla itla aca qujmoma-
chitoca: ago qujtoa. Onjvia in caxtil-
lan, anogo Quauhtemallan, ano^o quj-
toa: nalcalde onjeatea: gan ic amo
nelli, gan qujztlacati: ic ommjtoa. Qujn
jn njcoyotl: ma ica njqujtta in castillan
ovia, anogo Quauhtemallan, anoco ica
Alcalde ocatca.
MA CHAPULTEPEC NJNAALTI.
Iquac mjtoa: intla nopan muchioa
vei cocoliztli, notech omotlali, anogo ida
notequjuh tetolinj: cenca njquelevia in
ma njpati: in ma iciuhca tzonqujga in
notequjuh. Auh inda oquentel njpatic:
anogo otzonqujz in notequjuh: njman
ic njqujtoa. Ma chapultepec njnaalti.
AICNOPILPAN NEMJTILIZTLI.
Itechpa mjtoa: in aca datoanj, ipan
calaquj aca maceoaltzintli: n j m a n
mjtoa. Injn datoanj: amo icnopilpan
nemjtiliztli, qujtoznequj: amo icnoda-
catl ichan calaqujz, gan no datoanj in
monequj ichan calaqujz. No itechpa
mjtoa: in aca amo damavigoanj, ago
idatzin maco, ago tlaqualtzintli: gan
ade ipan qujtta, gan qujtelchioa, ago
patiio in qujnequj, ago totolin qujne-
quj: njman ic mjtoa. Aicnopilpan
nemjtiliztli.
TELCHITL, ANO?O. ATELCHITL.
Iquac mjtoa: intla aca tictidanj, aiax-
can oticceliltique ago itla oqujcujzquja-
atle oqujcujto, qujoalitotiuh: ca
258
C 0 M E N 9 E AYER POR U E N T U R A A SER
LOBO O ZORRO COMO N O LO V I , O NO LO
S U P E SI ESSO FUERA VERDAD S U P I E R A L O
YO O V U J E R A L O YO SABIDO.
Este adagio sc dize del que cuēta
muchas cosas loables que a hecho y
muchas cosas notables que a visto jac-
tandose dello con falsedad y el que oye
estas cosas y sabe que es jactancia no
verdad y no verdad [sic] responde dizi-
endo qujn in njcoiutl ma yea njqujtta
qujere dezir supiera yo esso si fuera
verdad pues que no naci ayer pues que
soy antiguo y tengo harta habilidad
para saber lo que los otros hazen o
donde an andado.
DESSEO YRME A BANAR A CHAPULTEPEC
O QUERRIA PODER YRME A BANAR A
CHAPOLTEPEC.
Este refran dize: cl que a tenjdo
alguna gran emfermedad o algun cargo
pesado con desseo dc uerse libre de
aquel cargo o enfermedad: dize. Ma
chapultepec njnaalti que qujere dezir,
bafiarme ya en agua rosada quado este
cargo o enfermedad se me qujtasse.
Chapultepec es vna fuente que esta
cerca de mexico muy buena los que se
banan en ella piensan que les haze dios
gran merced: asi este adagio es de los
mexicanos.
E S T E O ESTOS N O S E H A L L A N BIEN CON
LOS P O B R E S N J Q U J E R E N SER TRATADOS
C O M O P O B R E S S I N O COxMO NOBLES
Y GENEROSOS.
Dizese este refran: de aquellos que
qujeren y dessean ser honrrados en todo
assi en la comjda como en lo demas, y
si por uentura entran en casa donde no
son tratados conforme a su fantasia
enojanse y menosprecian a qujen los
hospedo o combido y el que siente esto
que es el que cumbido o hospeda dize
aycnopilpan nemjtiliztli qujere dezir
Este no es para entre los pobres.
J u S T A M E N T E P A D E C E S O H U E L G O M E QUE
T E A V E N J D O ESSE MAL.
Esto dize el que vee a alguno que
trope^o o cayo 0 le vino algū dano
porque se huelga de aquel mal que le

WHO CANNOT O R N A M E N T H I S ENTRAILS?
It is said of the artisan like a feather-
worker, who ornaments what he makes
well, who designs it well with designs
to sell quickly, to be bought.
O N C E AGAIN I T W I L L B E ; O N C E AGAIN
IT W I L L B E C U S T O M A R Y , SOMETIME,
SOMEWHERE
What was done in very old umes, is
no longer done, but once again it will
be done, once again it will thus be cus-
tomary as it was customary in ancient
times. Those who live now will live,
will exist once again.
H o u HAST N O T R E A C H E D T H E SEASON OF
T H E G R E E N M A I Z E E A R ; T H O U HAST NOT
R E A C H E D T H E SEASON OF T H E
MAIZE TASSEL
This saying may be understood in
two ways — one good and one bad.
And as for the time when it is good:
At a time if someone is very estimable,
wealthy — who always watches his
wealth, his riches, or his rulership here
on earth, it was said: " H e hath reached
his season of the green maize ear, of his
maize tassel; he is much esteemed, he
is praised." Of one such as this it is said
that he has achieved his merit.
A c AICU JTLAXCOLTZIN
QUJTLATLAMACHICA.
Itechpa mjtoa: in dachichiuhquj, in
juhquj amantecatl, in vel qujiecchichioa
in jdachioal, in vel qujdamachioua:
injc yciuhca aqujz, coaloz.
O c CEPA IUHCAN IEZ, OC CEPPA IUH
T L A M A N J Z IN J Q U J N , IN CANJN.
In tlein mochioaia cenca ic vecauJb,
in aiocmo mochioa: auh oc ceppa mo-
chioaz, oc ceppa iuh tlamanjz, in juh
damanca ie vecauh: in iehoantin, in
axcan nemj, oc ceppa ncmjzque, iezque.
M A AMO IXILOIOCAN TACI: MA AMO
IMJIAOAIOCAN TACI
Injn tlatolli: vndamandi injc moca-
quj: centlamantii qualli, auh centla-
mantli amo qualli. Auh in jquac qualli:
iquac intla aca cenca maviztililonj, mo-
damachtianj, in muchipa qujpia in
n e t l a m a c h t i l l i in necujltonolli: mano^o
in tlatocaiotl in njcan tlaJdcpac: mj-
toaia. Oacic in jmjiaoaiocan, in jxilo-
iocan: cenca maviztiiiJo iecteneoaJo:
mjtoaia ca oimaceoal mochiuh, in aqujn
iuhquj, yn.
Q U J E N NO SABE ADORNAR s u
MANTENJMJENTO.
Dizesse este refran: de los officiales
mechanjcos que ponen gra diligencia
en adornar y hermosear las cosas de su
oficio para que parezca bicn y se ven-
dan presto y valgan mas. Dizesse tabicn
dc los lisongeros y de los que copone
hermosamente sus palabras para alcan-
£ar lo que demadā o lo que pretenden
y asi destos se dize aca ycujdaxcoltzin
qujtlatlamachia qujere [decir] por
ganar de comer no sabe afeyur lo que
dize y lo que haze.
L o QUE ES TORNARA A SER V LO QUE
FUE OTRA UEZ SERA.
Esta proposicion es dc platon y el
diablo la enseno aca porque es erronea
es falsissima es contra la fe la qual
qujere dezir las cosas que fueron tor-
naran a ser como fueron en los tiempos
pasados y las cosas que son agora sera
otra uez: dc manera que segun este
error los que agora viuen tornaran a
biujr y como esta agora el mundo tor-
nara a ser de la mjsma manera lo qual
es falsissimo y hereticissimo.
NUNCA TE LOCRES O NUNCA VENCAS
A COL MO.
Este refran es de los maldicicntes q
dessean que el que esta en prosperidad
caya della y el que va subiendo en dig-
njdad o prosperidad no llegue a la
cubre. tambien qujere dezir mjra que
no desfallczcas por tu negligencia dc
saber la verdad deste negocio, tambicn
qujere dezir pues guardaos que auque
agora estays en prosperidad por uentura
la fortuna os dara vna ^ancadilla y
caereys dello en que estays.

W H E R E IS THE SORCERER ?
It is said at this time: If I sell some-
thing d e a r —perhaps its price has be-
come five pesos, but only one peso is
paid; or I undertake to make a little
something for someone from which I
cannot gain, profit a little. Then it is
said: "Where is the sorcerer?"
T H E R E A PIECE OF CLOTH WAS HUNG
It is said at this time: If I accuse
someone because of some little thing
but he takes even greater vengeance
upon me so as to endanger me; or at
this time: if something like a cape or
a gourd vessel is rent — it is rent only
slightly — and I later try to join it
[but] it is thus rent even more, hence
it is then said: "There a piece of cloth
was hung."
W H E R E IS COYONACAZCO?
It is said at this time: If one finds
fault with someone, explains something
to someone, if he does not make his
words very clear, though he discloses
a little, then the fault-finder is an-
swered: "Where is Coyonacazco?"
Also it is said of one who is sent on
an errand, perhaps to get something,
perhaps to call someone; twice, thrice
is he addressed, but really he does not
hear it. Hence it is said to him: "Where
is Coyonacazco?"
H i s GULLET IS ALREADY CONE
It is said of one who very forcibly
citcs one before the law, aggressively
argues his case, but when he can do
nothing to cite one before the law, he
only goes yielding meekly. And it can
be said of one who is shameless, who
becomes vain, who esteems no one. And
many times one is so called who goes
meekly, in humility; just like a colt he
already goes about gready tamed. Hence
it is said: "Already [his gullet] is
gone," etc.
I T IS J U S T BORN
It is said at this time: If it is only a
little thing. We say it when the little
quickly ends. When it has come to an
end, we say: "It is just born."
CANPA XONNAOALLI.
Iquac mjtoa: intla ida njcnamaca tla-
godi, ago macujlpeso ipatiuh muchiuh:
auh ga ge peso injc qujpatijotia. anogo
itla gan tepiton njctechivilia, in amo
vel ida vncan njcnjxnexulia, njqujeno-
pilvia: ic mjtoa. Canpa xonnaoalli.
V M P A £ E $OTL OMMOPILO.
Iquac mjtoa: inda aca njcteixpauja
idaton ipampa: auh ie uei, injc nopan
qujcuepa injc nechovitilia: anoce iquac
intla itla otzaian, in juhquj tilmatli,
anogo xicalli, gan tepiton ic otzaian:
auh gatepan njqujtzomaznequj, oc cen-
ca ie vei injc oaltzaianj: ic vncan mjtoa.
Vmpa ce god onmopilo.
CANJN MACH COIONACAZCO.
Iquac mjtoa: in aca tenaoalaoa, tetla-
caqujda, in amo cenca qujnexda da-
tolli: tel achi caqujzd: ic monanqujlia
in tenaoalaoanj. Canjn mach coiona-
cazco. No itechpa mjtoa: in aqujn
qujutlanj, ago itla qujcujz, ano^o teno-
tzaz, oppa, expa in jlvilo, ga nel amo
qujcaquj: ic ilhvilo. Canjn mach coio-
nacazco.
I E OIAUH IN J T L A T O L H O A Z .
Itechpa mjtoa: in aca cenca mochi-
caoa teteixpavia, in cenca motlatolchi-
caoa: auh in jquac in avel qujchioa
injc teteixpavia, in gan jvian mocauh-
tiuh. loan vel itechpa mjtoa: in aca
aquen datta, moquaquadaga, in aiac de
ipan qujtta: auh injc mjiecpa nono-
tzalo, ie iviantzin mocnomattiuh: in
maca gan potro, fan jvian ie dacaciuh-
tiuh: ic mjtoa. Ie oiauh. etc.
CAN J X Q U J C H MOTLACATILI.
Iquac mjtoa: intla gan tepiton tiquj-
toam amo vei, in jciuhca ontzonquL-
in >l Uac ^onqujz, tiqujtoa. Can jx-
qujch motlacatili V ]
260
No AY LUGAR SECRETO NO AY COSA
QUE NO SE SEPA.
Este refran se dize: del que cofia que
no sc sabra el mal que haze ansi dizen
campa xonaoalli no ay cosa que no sc
sepa. tambien qujere dezir donde pense
ganar perdi.
P E N S E DE VENGARME Y DENDE M E
VINO MAYOR INJURIA.
Este refran se dize: del que co
apetito de vengarse hizo a su enemjgo
algun dano pequeno y dc alii le resulto
algun gran dano tambien se dize del
que qujso rcmediar algun dano pe-
queno y empeorose lo que queria
rcmediar.
AL B U E N ENTENDEDOR POCAS PALABRAS
O B I E N E N T I E N D O QUE MURMURAYS
DE M J POR SUMAS.
Este adagio se toma de vn lugar que
se llama coionacazco solamente se vsa
en el dadlulco o poco mas porque en el
esta este lugar que se llama coionacazco.
YA S E L E ABAXA LA COLERA.
Este refran se dize del que entendia
cn algun negocio co mucho brio y co
mocha [sic] colera y hallando resistcn-
cia perdio el brio dizen del ye oiauh in
jdatolhoaz ya perdio el brio en hablar
que antes tenja.
N o A Y MAS POSIBILIDAD.
Dize este refran el que da poco o
haze poco en fauor de otro y por dar a
entender que si mas pudiera mas hizicra
dize g a n ie ixqujch modacadli qujere
dezir rescebid la buena volutad que si
mas pudiera hazer mas hiziera.
 Forty'iecond Chapter. Here are told
some riddles, the so-called "what-is-its"
with which riddles are made as if they
were mysteries.
What is it that is a small blue gourd
bowl filled with popcorn? One can see
from our litde riddle that it is the
heavens.
What is it that drags its entrails as it
proceeds through the gorge? One can
sec from our litde riddle that it is the
needle.
What is it that is a horizontal drum
stone bound about the middle
with flesh ? One can see from our litde
riddle that it is the ear plug.
What is it that is a litde water jar
to carry upon the head, which knows
die land of the dead ? One can see from
our litde riddle that it is the pottery
pitcher for drawing water.
W h a t a r c t h e ten broad stones which
one bears on the b a c k ? O n e can see
from our little riddle that they are our
fingernails.
What is that which is caught in a
black forest, w h i c h dies here on the
broad white stones? O n e can sec from
our little riddle that it is the louse wc
catch on our h e a d ; w c lay it out on our
fingernail, w h e r e w c kill it.
W h a t b that which is a hollow straw
singing? It is the s a c k b u t . ..
W h a t is that which is black, wntuig
with liquid lead? T h e crawhng snail.
the heavens, with lis hnge
- h i c h has a skirt of one
p J e with which Hce are removed
from one? T h e comb.
I c ompoalli o m o m e capitulo, vncan
Capitulo. 42. dc algunos gaganjles de
mjtoa: ccquj ^anjlli, in mjtoa gagan
los muchos que vsa esta gente mexicano
demo, injc mogaganjlvia, in juhqujma fsic]: que son como los que cosa y cosa
monaoaltotoca. de nuestra lengua.
Qagan tlcino, xoxouhquj xicakzintli, Que cosa y cosa vna gicara azul sem-
mumuchitl ontemj. Aca qujttaz toga- brada de mahizes tostados que se llaman
ganjltzin, tlacancnca ilvicatl. momochid. Este es el ciclo quc esta
sembrado de cstrellas.
(^agan tleino, icujdaxcol Que cosa y cosaf quc va por vn vallc
qujvilana,
tepetozcatl qujtoca. Aca qujttaz toga- y Ileua las tripas arrastrado. Esta cs ci
ganjltzin, tlacancnca vitzmallotl. aguja quando cosen con ella que lieua
el hilo arrastrado.
Qagan dcino chalchiuhtepunaztli, na- Que cosa y cosa, vn tcponaztli hecho
dc vna piedra prcciosa y ccnjdo con
cauca cujtlalpitoc. Aca qujttaz togaga-
njltzin, dacancnca nacochdi. carne biua. Es la orcjera hccha dc
piedra preciosa quc esta metida en la
orcja.
Qagan deino, quatzocoltzin mjedan Que cosa y cos a, vn jarro o cantaro
ommari. Aca qujttaz cogaganjitzin, tla- con asa que sabe yr al infierno. Este
es el cantaro con que va por agua a la
cancnca apilolli, ic adacujoa.
fuente.
Qagan tlcino, matlactin tepatlactli Quc cosa y cosa, dicz piedras quc las
qujmamamatimanj. Aca qujttaz toga- tiene alguno a cuestas. Estos so las vnas
quc estan sobre los dedos.
ganiltzin, tlacancnca tozti.
Qa^an tlcino, tlilquauhtla ommana, Quc cosa y cosa quc sc toma [ cn ] vna
montana ncgra y se mata en vn pctlatc
iztac tcpatlacpan oalmjquj. Aca qujt-
bianco. Este es el piojo que sc toma en
taz to$a$anjltzin, tlacancnca atcmjtl:
la cabc^a quc sc mata en la vna.
tocpac toconana, tozti pan tiqualtcca:
vncan toconmjctia.
Quc cosa y cosa vna cana hucca quc
Qaqan dcino, coco^acatzin mocujcuj-
esta cantando. Este es el sacavuche.
caua. Tlacancnca sacapuch.
Qa^an tlcino, cacatzactli temetzatica Que cosa y cosa vn ncgrillo que va
cscribicndo con vedriado: son los cara-
tlacujloa. Tcccizmamaque. colitos negros que quando van andando
dcxan cl camjno por dondc van ved-
riado con vnas babitas quc dcxan.
Quc cosa y cosa que esta scnalando
Qaqan tlcino, ilhvicac vmmapiloto-
al cielo con el dedo. Es la cspina del
quc. Vitztli. maguey.
Qa9an tlcino, i£egocuctzin moteaha- Que cosa y cosa que tiene naoas de
sola vna picrna y busca piojos. Es cl
tcmjlia. Tziquaoazdi
peyne que cn el medio tiene como vna
picrna dc mata angosta y dc ambas
partes las puas que sacan los piojos de
la cabeca.
261
 [5 that which we enter in three
place* [and] leave by only one? It is
our shirt.
What is that whose ribs one scratches
[so that] it Ho crying out? The bone
rasp.
What is that with large ribs on the
outside which stands along the road?
The carrying frame.
What is it wc seize from the edge of
its hole so that wc harden the ground?
This is the nose mucus.
What is that which enters the forest
going with its tongue hanging? T h e
axe.
What is that which bats its big head
at the edge of one's roof terrace? The
ladder.
What is it that has a ught shift? The
tomato.
What is it that comes out — "take
thy stone"? Excrement.
What is the scarlet macaw leading,
the raven following 5 The conflagra-
tion.
What are those which with sandals
of stone stand at the edge of ones
house? The columns.
What is that w h i c h become, P'Cg-
nant in only one day? The sp.ndl^
W h a t is that which stands at the
of the hearth, rising with a curve at
end? T h e dog's tail-
?J?
shields within? « *
seeds are shields
W h a t is that
gorge, going
butterfly.
, . lark s tone
S r t d P n is the beetle.
Qa^an tleino, excanpa dcalaquj, ran
cecnj tiqujca. Ca tocamjsa. Que cosa y cosa, que entramos por
tres partes y salimos a vna parte. La
camjssa.
Qaqan deino, comjcicujltataca chiquj-
Que cosa y cosa, que le rascan las
lichtzatzitoc. Omjchicaoaztli.
costillas y esta gritando. Es el huesso
que vsan en los areytos por sonajas.
Qa<jan tleino, omjcicujlpapanpul otli-
Que cosa y cosa, que tiene las costillas
ca moquetzucac. Cacaxdi.
de fuera y esta lleuantado en el camjno.
Es el cacaxtli.
. Qaqan tleinon, itlacoioctenpan ticma- Que cosa y cosa, que lo tomas de
cujduetzi, dalli ic ucquappitzoa. Ca presto de la boca de su agujero y arro-
iehoad in iacacujtlad. jaslo en el svelo. Es son [sic] los mocos
que se toma de las narizes y se arrojan
en el suelo.
Qagan tleino quauhtla calaquj nene- Que cosa y cosa, que entra en la
pilotiuh. Tepuztli. motana y lleua la lengua sacada. Es la
hacha.
Qaqan deino, tedapantenco moquc- Que cosa y cosa, esta arrimado al
quetza quateconpol. Ecaoaztli. a^otea el vcllaco cabe^a de olla. Este es
la escalera que se arrima para subir al
a^otea.
Que cosa y cosa, camjssa muy apre-
Qa^an deino, vipiltitich. Tomad.
tada. Es eJ tomad que dene el cucro
muy iusto y apegado a ssi [sic].
Qa 9 an deino, ie oalquj^a xiccuj mo- Que cosa y cosa, ya sale toma tu
piedra. Es hazer camara.
teuh. Cujtlad.
Que cosa y cosa, van gujando las
Qa^an deino, cue^ali teiacana, caca-
plumas coloradas que se llama cue^ali
lin tetocatiuh. Tlachinolli
y van tras ellas los cueruos. Es la
chamosqujna de la qauanas.
Que cosa y cosa, dene cotaras de
Cacan deino, itetecac, tecaltenpan
piedra y esta lleuantado a la puerta dc
moquequetza. Tlaquetzalh.
casa. Son los postes colaterales de la
puerta.
ga^an tleino, qa cemjlhvid otzti.
Que cosa y cosa, que en vn dia se
emprena. Es el huso con la maqorca.
Malacatl.
Que cosa y cosa, esta lleuantado a la
Q a 9 a n tleino, tcxcaltenpa m^uetzti-
puerta y esta coruada le punta. La cola
^ cac i n c o W l i . Chichicujdapdli.
del perro.
Cacan tleino, chimalli ijtic tentica. Que cosa y cosa, que esta llcno de
C a c h i l l i : auh ie in injachio chimalli. rodelas. Es el chilli que esta lleno de
^ semjlla de hechura de rodelitas.
Qa^an tleino, tepetozcatl qujtoca mo-
Que cosa y cosa, que va por vn valle
(hc
mamadaxcaloduh. Papalod. y va dando palmadas con las manos
The como la muger que haze pan. Es la
mariposa que va volando.
Que cosa y cosa, piedra negra cabe^a
Qaqan tleino, tiiltic ted itzon jc icac,
ontlacactoc mjctlan. Ca pinacad. abaxo esta cscuchado hazia el infierno.
standing on Es aquella sauandija que se llama pina-
cad, que tiene el cuerpo negro, y sicm-
pre esta cabcqa abaxo como qujen esta
escuchando hazia el infierno.
263

What is it that bends over us all
over the world? The maize tassel.
What is that which is a terrifying old
woman who gnaws under the earth r
The gopher.
What is that which is a little silver
thing tied on a brown maguey thread ?
A nit.
What is that which is a small mirror
in a house made of fir branches? Our
eye.
What is that which is a hill whence
there is a flow? Our nose.
What is that which grinds with flint
knives, in which a piece of leather lies,
enclosed in flesh? Our mouth.
What is that of which the face is soft
flesh, the occiput inserted? Our finger.
What is that which is flesh-faced,
bone-necked? It is the same, our finger.
What is that which has a small,
wrinkled face, then goes kicking? Our
knee.
What is that which is an old woman
with hair of straw standing at the house
entrance? The maize bin.
What is that which is red, slender;
[which] easily bites one? The ant.
What is that which [says]: "You
jump [so that] I shall jump"? This is
the drum stick.
What is that which [says]: "I go
this way, thou goest that way, [so that]
we shall meet there"? The breech
cloth.
What is a small white stone holding
a quetzal feather? The onion.
What is that which is white-headed
holding a quetzal feather? This is like-
wise the onion.
gagan tleino, cemanaoac topapanco-
loltzitzin. Miiaoatl.
gagan deino, tetzavilama tlallan tla-
quaqua. Togan.
gagan deino, teocujtlapolotziqujtzin
iapalichtica mecaiouca. Aceli.
gagan deynon tezcatzindi acxoiaca-
ledca. tixtelolo.
gagan deino, tepetlamjmjlollj ijtic
ameia. Toiac.
gagan deino, tecpadca texoa, cuedax-
tli vncan onoc, nacatica tzacquj. Toca-
mac.
gagan tleino, ixnacapapatz, cuexcoch-
cacalacti. Tomapil.
gagan tleino, ixnaca quechomj: $an
ie no iehoatl in tomapil.
gagan tleino, ixtexolochtzitzin qujn
topeuhtiuh. Totlanqua.
gagan deino, gacatzonteilama tequj-
iaoac moquequetza. Cuezcomad.
gagan tleino, tlapaltepitzacdi, aiovi
tequa. Azcad.
gagan deino xoncholo, noncholoz:
iehoad in olmaid
gagan deino, njpa njiauh, njpa xi-
īauh, vmpa tontonamjqujzque. Max-
dad.
gagan deino iztactetzintli quetzalli
conmandca. Xonacatl.
?agan tleino, quaztalcomoctzin, que-
tzalli conmantica: gan ie no iehoad in
xonacatl.
264
Que cosa y cosa, que en todo el mudo
encima de nosotros sc cncorba. Son los
penachos del mahiz qdo se ua secado y
encoruando.
Que cosa y cosa, vna vieja mostruosa
debaxo dc tierra anda comjcndo o
ruyedo. Es el topo.
Que cosa y cosa, vna cosita pequenjta
de plata que esta atada con vna hebra
de ichtli de color castano. Es la licndre
que esta como atada al cabello.
Que cosa y cosa espejo que esta en
vna casa hecha de rramos de pino. Es
el ojo que tiene la cejas [sic] como
ramada del arbol que llaman aexoad.
Que cosa y cosa vn cerro como loma
y mana por de dentro. Son las narizes.
Que cosa y cosa que muele con peder-
nales y alii tiene vn cuero blando
hechado y esta cercado con carne. Es
la boca que tiene los dientes con que
masca y la lengua tendida en medio esta
cerrada con carne. so los labios et*.
Que cosa y cosa que ue [sic] la cara
de carne blanda y el cobote [sic] duro
encaxado en la carne. Es el dedo dc
la mano q dene dc vna parte la carne
blanda y de la contraria la vna encax-
ada.
Que cosa y cosa cara de carne y cuello
de huesso. Es el dedo.
Que cosa y cosa, va dando embioncs
co cara arrogadas. Es las rodillas.
Que cosa y cosa, vna vieja que uene
los cabellos de heno y esta cerca de la
puerta de casa. Es la troxe del mahiz.
Que cosa y cosa, es colorada o ber-
meja y delgadilla y muerde apressura-
damente. Es la homjrga [sic].
Que cosa y cosa, que dize salta tu y
yo saltare. Es la mano o palo con que
tanen el teponaztli.
Que cosa y cosa, voy acolla ve tu a la
otra parte y alia nos iuntaremos. Es el
mastli que el vn cabo va a vna parte
y el otro a la contraria y tornase a nudar
iuntamente.
Que cosa y cosa, piedra blanca y dclla
nacen plumas verdes. Es la cebolla.
Que cosa y cosa, que uene los cabello*
canos hasta al cabo y cria plumas verdes.
Es tambien la cebolla.
 Forty-third Chapter. Here arc told
some of the figures of speech called
metaphors, which are subtle expres-
sions; and their interpretations, their
explanations.
I c vmpoalli omel capitulo, vncan
mjtoa: cequj machiodatolli, in jtoca
methaphoras, in ohouj datolli: ioan in
imelaoaca, in jcaqujzuca.

THOU R O U G H E N E S T T H E G R E E N STONE; TlCTETEgOA IN CHALCHIVTTL,

THOU RENDEST T H E P R E C I O U S
This saying is said of him who dam-
ages something very precious; who re-
spects not what is worthy of respect:
like those who, receiving the most Holy
Sacrament, pay it no honor, humble
themselves not, weep not, etc. Or some
mere commoner dishonors some noble-
woman. This saying is told him: "Thou
hast roughened the green stone, thou
hast rent the precious feather."
^ l«ra qu,ert dear Dafbi H
FEATHER TICOAOAgOA IN QUETZALLI:
C * « " A * * de la p*dr, ^
Injn tlatolli, itechpa mjtoa: in aqujn
yda cenca dagodi qujtlacoa, in ccnca y ahoiado: m i n * e a i o ^ r p u * *
malhvilonj, in amo qujmalhvia; in sohaxas la pluma rici Fata n w ^
juhquj iehoanun, in aqujque qujmoce- sc dize: quando alguno profan* ilguxu
lilia Sancdssimo sacramento in amo da- cosa sAncu o maltrata o deihonrra «I
maviztilia, in amo mopechtcca, in amo guna persona honrrada o de p a
choca. etc. in anogo aca gan maceoalli Como Ira que sin devida fNrrrn<ia
in cavilqujxtia aca civapilli: ilhviloia re«cihen el lanctinimo Mcramento ?
injn datolli. Odctctego in chalchivid, tambien quando alguno daheorn i
odevago in quetzalli. alguna donzella.

W H E R E HAVE I PASSED O V E R T H E H A I R , CANJN MACH ITZONTLAN, IQUATLA Esta Ictra qujere dezir. Por uentura
T H E HEAD O F O U R LORD? ONJQUJZ IN TOTECUJO: atrauese por sobre la cabegcni del, «ti*
That is: "Have I perhaps offended qujtozncquj. Cujx itla ic onjcnoioli- do dormjendo, menosprcciindole 7 ten
our lord1 in something, so that he tlacalvi in totcujo: injc ncchmotolinjlia. jendolc en poco? Eita methiphon

afflictcth me?" dize, los que sc queian de nfo into

dios de quc loi maltrata o a Air
siadamente: lo mjimo di/en de alguna
otra persona qucxandose que le
iniustamente o sin razon,

Esta Ictra qujere dezir. Dc6tdo q *

1 P R O T E C T T H Y H A I R , T H Y HEAD MOTZONTLAN, MOQUATLA NJTLAPACHOA:
That is, [I do this] in order thus to nadie pase por sobre cia cabega c * a » »
qujtoznequj: Injc iuh njmitznono-
admonish thee, to take care of thy tza, y: i c njcmalhvia in moteio, injc dormjendo. Esta
honor so that nothing may defame it, so amo de ic avilqujgaz, injc amo tie teto- dezir. Zelo y defiendo tu honrr. p »
that no affliction may befall thee. linj mopan muchioatiuh. quc nadie la periudique.

I T IS M Y D R I N K , I T IS M Y FOOD C A N A U H , CA N O T L A Q U A L : Esta letra qu,«r * * E i J .

T h a t is, it is m y property, my goods, q u j t o z n e q u j . C a naxca, ca notlatquj, y mj beujda. Y par
my sustenance. ca nonetlaiecoltiliz.
esto gano de comer J & t * * '
M Y HERON P E A T H E R , MY CORD J A C K E T
NAZTAUH, NOMECAXICOL: Esta letra qujere dezir A ^ j j j
T h a t is, when the city gave me a
qujtoznequj. Injc onechtequjmacac « penacho dc
task, I thereby became a «lave. If j
in altcP«l- ic ntdacauh onjnochiuh al cuerpo vna « g a - ™ ^
q
should h a r m it, if I should endanger
something, I should be imprisoned.
1. a n »^)tUcoz, intla itla ic n,covitiliz: quiere d e z i r En este £ ^ y
nictzacutia*.
q u e m e an dado anme ncv ^ ^
tferuo de la republica o dc ^ t
a qujen rijo o goujerno.

1 Read totrcuyo.
 What is that which is a stone of red
ochre which goes jumping? The flea.
What is that which is on round
stones, standing singing? The olla for
cooking maize in ashes.
What is that which is on the road
which is biting one? It is the stone
which we stumble over.
What is a tiny colored stone sitting
on the road? Dog excrement.
What is that which is rounded above,
which shakes, which cries out? The
gourd ratde.
What are those things which, at their
dancing place,1 they give stomachs, they
make pregnant? They are spindles.
1.
£agan tleino, flatiauhquj tell cholo-
tiuh. Tecpi.
Qagan tleino, teticpac tocolon cujeari-
cac. Nexcomjtl.
Qagan tieino, otlica tequatica. Ca
titotecujnja tetl.
Qagan deino, otlica coatica paltetzo-
coton. chichi icujd.
£agan tleino, aco cujdaiaoalli, movi-
vixoa tzatzi. Aiacachdi.
Qagan tleino, ineitouaian qujtitiquc,
cotztique. Ca malacatl.
240
Que COM y COM, vna piedra MLNU
grada va talundo. EJ U pulga.
Que COM y COM, esta «obre pied raj J
es redondo y esta cantando. E l la ot!i
quando se cuecen [su ] mahiz.
Que cosa y coca, que esta en d
camjno y esta murdiendo. Es la picdra
en que tropegaxnos en el camjno.
Que cosa y cosa, esu en el camjno
asentada de hechura de tintero. lo que
el perro hecha.
Que cosa y cosa, que en lo alto a
redondo y varrigudo y esta bulliedoae y
dando vozes. Es la sonaja q se llama
aiacachdi.
 . in order not to be driven forth, in amo tech,nam,tlan, tequjiaoac monene-

rir1"''^'"»
' /r not to be forced to wander to mjtiz: ilviloia. Intla ida ticchioaz, ca
enclosures, to others' house Gtotocoz, ca techinantidan, ca tequjia-
nces He was advised: "If thou oac timonemjtitiuh: ca no iuh tiqujtoa
Something [evil], thou wilt be Amo teauh, tetepeuh ipan timonenemj-
driven forth, thou wilt be made to uz: aiocmo maltepeuh ipan tinemjz.
wander in others' enclosures, in the
entrances of others' houses. Also we
tell thee: 'Thou wilt not wander to
the city of another, nor canst thou
longer dwell in thy city.'"

DISHEVELED, FILTHY. THOU HAST TZONPACHPUL, CUJTLANEXPUL: VEL Esta Ictra qujere dezir. Vellaco d «
PRACTICALLY P U T H I S W I G ON HIM ACHI ITZONCAL TICTLALILIA. grenado suzio. Tor methaphora se dize:
This saying is said of one who Injn tlatolli itcchpa mjtoa yn aqujn de aquel que a hecho alumna afrenta o
affronts his ruler or his protector. Per- cavilqujxtia in jtlatocauh, ano^o itepa- desobediecia A su padre o A JUS nuyorrs
haps he publicly accuses someone; or chocauh: ago qujtcixpavia: anogo in o a los que rigen en cl pueblo y repre
else he is one who dishonors his father aqujn cavilqujxtia ita, anogo, inan: in hendiendole le di/en trdpāchpul cujth

or his mother, who wishes not to live as amo iuh ncmjzncquj, in juh nenca ita- nexpul: Vellaco des vergus ado \ su/io
his beloved father or grandfather lived. tzin, anogo icol: ic aioia, ilviloia. Achi que afrentas a lets tuyos o a K* de tu
Thus he was chidden, he was told: itzoncal tictlalilia, anogo: iuhqujn tzon- pueblo o a tus mayores.

"Thou hast practically put his wig on pachpul, cujtlancxpul ticncmjtia in m o

him," or, "Thou hast causcd thy be- tatzin, anogo mocoltzin.
loved father, or thy beloved grand-
father, to live as if disheveled, filthy."

A los rales tambien Irs de«iJ ma amo

Likewise was told, was chidden one Ca no iuh ilviloia, ic aoaloia: in
ytzonjc yquaujc xicquecxj y tlatnsflL
who affronted his beloved father, his a q u j n cavilquixtia in jta tzin, inanrzin:
etc.
beloved mother, or his ruler, his pro- anogo in jtlatocauh, in jtepachocauh:
ilviloia. Macamo itzonjc, iquavic xic-
tector. He was told: "Stand not the
quetza in datoanj, anogo motatzin, ancv
ruler, or thy beloved father, or author-
go in petlad, in jcpalli.
ity on his hair, on his head."
Dize esta letra. E« comparido al que
T Z O N V A Z T L I , TLAXAPUCHTL, NEVIVIXTOC
anda cerca de vna sima o laxo o red o
T H E SNARE, T H E T R A P L I E QUIVERING IN J X P A N PETLATL, ICPALLI.
pozo que facilmcnrc cay era dentro Por
BEFORE AUTHORITY Injn tlatolli. ilviloia: in aqu,n upan
methaphora qujere dezir. EJ que viue
This saying was said of one who J S l v i a i a tlatoanj, anogo in aqujn
o conversa con los seftoret o reyes o
accused one before the ruler, or of one X ncmj tlatoanj: ilviloia. X i m j n u u :
coroparado al que anda cerca de vna
who lived with the ruler. He was told: ca vncan neujujxtoc in sima o pozo o lazo o red que facilmente
"Take care, for the snare, the trap Ue laxapuchtli in jxpan petlad, icpalli. cay era en algun gran delicto dc donde
quivering before authority, that i . qujtoznequj: in jxpan datoan,. no podra salir.
the presence of the ruler.
COLOIOTOC, Dize esta letra. Eata lleno este lugar
rriTXicAzgoTOc: de alacranes y de hortigas o espinas o
STREWN WITH SCORPIONS,
abrosot. Por methaphora dize. Andas
strewn WITH ilviloia in aqujn moteUviaia ixpan da-
em pleyto con el seAoc o delante del
toanj, anogo idan nem,: M o u . Xuni-
T h i s is sa.d to him He senor o juez ra)ra que andas en peligro
mati: ca tetlatzacujluanj in tlatoanj,
before, or who lived . porque andas entre alacranes y hortigas
was told: " T a k e « r e fc-" ioan tetlaocolianj.
y abroioa.
castigator, as well as merc.tu.
267
TftUHIO» TLAgOLLO. Dize esta letra. Esta lleno de poluo
Injn tlatolli: ipan mjtoa in ichtecca y de estiercol. Y por methaphora se
• T Z «ne who dize. De lot que an ganado el sefiorio
This saying w clatocati, in mochtaca tlaxtlavia, anogo
don> w h o c o m
ichtecca mocujltonoa: ilviloia Cujx que rienen o la hazienda que posseen
became a ruler Y i r C T j a bun-
qualli injc titlatocati, anogo timocujlto- con engafios o con mentiras y ansi les
P«*» bJv E E S ' He was told: "L noa, anogo in tlein ticqua: ca gan teuh- dizen tu hazienda o tu senorio no es

T H Y HERON FEATHER, T H Y CORD J A C K E T
HAVE BEEN PLACED ON T H E E
That is, the city hath made of thee
a slave.
I HAVE CIVEN T H E E T H Y B A N N E R ; I HAVE
GIVEN T H E E T H Y SPOTTED PAPER
It is said when one is in his final
desperation, finally at the end. One
says to him: "I have given thee thy
banner; I have given thee thy spotted
M2
paper.
MAZTAUH, MOMECAXICOL Habla otro con el que se le a dado
algun cargo de republica dizele Maz-
OTITLALILILOC:
quitoznequj. Omitzmotlacaoati in tauh momecaxicol omjtztlalili in alte-
petl. Ate hccho su esclauo la republica.
alteped.
ONJMJTZPANTI, Esta letra qujere dezir. Ete dado la
ONJMJTZTETEUHTI: vanderilla que as dc lleuar a la muerte
iquac mjtoa, in aca ?a inexiuhtlatilco, y el papcl q se llama teteujtl que se da
(a datzaccan qujlhvia. Onjmjtzpanti, a los que an de matar por jusdeia y
aquclla es senal que se despide ya deste
onjmjtzteteuhd.
mudo. Por metaphora se dize del que
avisa a su amjgo pa q se guarde de
algu vicio en que anda de que muchas
vezes le a aujsado. dizele Esta uez te
aujso y nuca mas te aujsare.

Estra letra qujere dezir manana o es-

T O M O R R O W , T H E DAY AFTER
It means the time toward which we
arc going — a few days.
TOMORROW I N M U Z T L A , IN V I P T L A :
otro dia sera tal o tal cosa. Y por meta-
qujtoznequj: in ie vmpa titzdvi, in
phora qujere dezir. En los t[iem]pos
qa quezqujlhvid.
que vendra se hara o dira tal o tal cosa.

WHEN ALREADY THOU GOEST
IN PRISON, IN BONDS
It means: "I can now advise thee.
But when already thou goest bound,
can I perhaps yet then be able to tell
thee something? Is it yet the propitious
time [to regard me] asquint, askance?"
This saying is said at a time when
one has been admonished many times,
has not listened, has paid no heed; and
already he is carried away, already he
goes bound. Thereupon he is ani-
mated; he is told this saying: "Thou
wilt not regard me asquint, askance; for
I have done my duty to thee."
I N I E QUAUHTICA, IN I E M E C A T I C A
HELD
TANOTIVI:
qujtoznequj. Axcampa njmjtzne-
machua: auh in jquac ie tilpiduh, cujx
vel oc vmpa itla njmjtzilviduh, cujx oc
imonequja ixtlapal nacacic.
Injn tlatolli: ipan mjtoa: in jquac
aca mjiecpa, ononotzaloc, amo oqujeae,
ade ipan oqujttac: auh ie ujco, ie ilpi-
tiuh: ic ellaquaoalo, ilvilo injn datolli.
Amo ixtlapal, amo nacacic dnechoalitz-
tiaz: ca movicpa onjnoqujxd.
Dize esta letra. Quando estuujeres
en la carcel o estuujeres atado o presso
no te podrc remediar o no tengas con-
fian^a en m j que te tengo dc fauorescer.
Por methaphora dize. El q muchas
vezes a aujsado a algun su amjgo o hijo
o pariente para que se aparte de algun
vicio con que anda como es de hurto o
de adulterio: y despues a la postre ya
vee que no se qujere emendar dizele.
in ie quauhdea in ie mecauca tonouuh.
Como si dixesse Agora te aujso que te
emjendes porque despues que cayeres
en las manos de la iusticia no tengas
confianga que yo te tego de fauorescer.

A L R E A D Y AT T H E EDGE OF T H E F I R E , IN IE TLECUJLIXQUAC, Esta letra qujere dezir. Quando estu-

ALREADY AT T H E STAIRWAY
This saying was said of those who
were about to be put to death, who
already had been brought up to die: or
they had already been placed at the
edge of the fire; it was dmc for them to
die. Well ahead of time had they been
admonished, so that to no one would
such befall.
IN IE TLAMAMATLAC.
Injn tlatolli intech mjtoaia, in aquj-
que in ie onmjculozque in ie ondeca-
vilo, injc mjqujzque: ano^o ie decujl-
ixquac ondaliloque. ie inman in mj-
qujzque: vel achto ic tenemachdloia,
injc aiac iuhquj ipan muchioaz in.
ujeres junto a la hoguera o al pie de la
horca te acordaras de lo q te aujsse. Por
methaphora qujere dezir. Muchas vezes
te aujsado [sic] que te emjendes y no
qujeres. al pie de la horca o junto a la
hoguera os pesara de no auer querido
rescebir m j consejo.

A L R E A D Y IN ANOTHER'S ENCLOSURE,
ALREADY IN T H E ENTRANCE OF Dize esta letra. Por casas agenas y
IN IE TECHINANTITLAN, IN
ANOTHER'S HOUSE por tierras estranas y de puerta en
IE TEQUJIAOAC.
With this saying were taught, with puerta andando vendras a escarmentar.
Injn datolli ic nemachtiloia, ic nono-
this were admonished one's sons or the Por methaphora qujere dezir. Mira que
tzaloia in tepilhoan, ano<;o macehoald:
common folk, in order that no one no hagas njngun peccado o crimen por
injc aiac q U) chioaz in amo chioalonj, in
might do the improper, that which was donde merezcas ser desterrado de tu
dein amo qualli: injc amo totocoz, i n ] c
pueblo de tu tierra y andar por uerras
2. For nimittpantia, nimitztcteuhtin
emmiendas. a la otra vcZ p a g a r a s Z d o ^ * °f Olmos (op & „
h n k
no te
y * ' K P' P- 217 ) has "Encubro agora tu dclito, pcro si

242
 who possesses the tail, he w h o
He
esses the w i n g .
pOSS'
INSIPID, INFRACRANT
[t was said of him who was ungrate-
ful; perhaps a commoner was driven
forth. He was told: "Go; leave the
city, for the city considereth thee in-
sipid, infragrant." Or some ruler was
told: "Thou art regarded as insipid,
infragrant."
Cujtlapille atlapalle.
Cujtlapille atlapalle. Esta letra qujere
dezir. Aue que tiene alas y dene cola
Y por metaphora se dize. EI senor o
gouernador o rey que rige la republica.
IN ATZOPELIC, IN AHAVIAC:
itechpa mjtoa, in aqujn amocnelilma- Qujere dezir esta letra. Cosa desa-
tinj: ago totoco maceoalli, ilhviloia. brida cosa desgraciada. V por metha-
Xijauh, xictlalcavi in altepetl: ca atzo- phora dizese. Del que destierra del
pelic, ca aavijac ipan demad in altepetl: pueblo por desobediete y ingrato a 1«
que rigen dizenle desta manera. Vete
anogo aca tlatoanj ilhviloia. Amo titzo-
del pueblo Ca atzopelic ca aujac ipa
pelic, amo taviac ipan timacho.
ticmati. Porque Ie tienes en poco y no
le obedeces. Tambien se dize del srnor
que no es accepto a la republica. Amo
titzopelic amo taujac vpan timjcho.
Desabrido y desgraciado rrs fxP«-} -i m
republica.

T H E SPINELESS, THE THORNLESS
fUitzio, auayo] was said of some
ruler, or of a nobleman, of one worthy
of great honor. No one could draw
very near to him; he was considered as
a wild beast. Therefore it was said to
one who held a ruler not in esteem:
"Is it as if thou thinkest the ruler or
authority to be thornless? Dost thou
consider him to be spineless as thou
gocst bringing thy complaints before
him? Perhaps the continuous com-
plaints trouble the ruler greatly!
IN A V I T Z I O , IN AHAVAIO. Esta letra qujere derir. COM eipinou
Ipan mjtoaia in aca tlatoanj. anogo o escahnxu que no otan llegar 4 dla,
pi Hi, cenca maviztililonj: aiac cenca por las espinas o cambrtmes que tienr
vel itech acia: iuhqujn tequanj ipan Y por methaphora qujere de/ir Per
machoia: ic ilviloia in amo tie ipan SOU.I vrnrr .ihl< r (rftfdfe^H
qujtta datoanj. Mach iuhquj aaoaio acatada como son lot %ertores y ron-
ipan ticmati tlatoanj, anogo petlatl ic- soles que rigen la republica dir.eti delL*
palli: iuhqujn avitzio ipan ticmati, invitzyo yaoaoaio. tcmjanJo* a tain
ixpan timotcilvitinemj. Ago muchipa como a bestia fiera.
moteilvia: cenca qujtequjpachotinemj
in tlatoanj.

Esta letra qujere dezir. COM dulre v

SWEET, FRAGRANT
't was said of the city in which there
w a s contentment, happiness; or it was
sa id of the ruler who was a provider ot
TZOPEUC, A VIJAC.
sabrosa de comer. Y por methaphora
Itechpa mjtoaia in altepetl: in vncan
se dize. Del pueblo o berra que es
nedamachtiio, pacoa: anogo itechpa
deleytosa y abondtxa dizen tal o tal
mjtoaia in tlatoanj, ccpapaqujltianj.
lugar taJ o ral tierra. rzopdic aujac

happiness.

T K T Z O N , TEIZT1, TEVTTZIA TEAOAIO,

Esta letra qujere dezir. Cabeliot vftas
TETENTZON, T E I X Q I A M V L , TETZL-
espina o cam be on bar hit cejas est ilia de
N£'S HAIN, ONE'S NAILS, ONE'S SPINES,
CL'FL'HCA, TBTXAPANCA:
piedra preciosa. Por methaphora *e
ONE'S THORNS, ONE'S BEARD, ONE'S
qujtoznequj. In aqujn vncan tlacati dize. Del que es noble o genercao o de
ZYEBKOWS, ONE'S CHIP, ONE'S FRAGMENT3
tlatocamecaiopan. pilpan: ioan nel no linage de »eftores hobre o muger. Ca
It means the one born into the lineage
mococaiotia: teezgo, terlajullo. tetzon ca tetzti teujtxvo tetentzon eta.
of rulership, the status of nobility. And
indeed hc was also named "one's blood.
269
one's color." TEIX, TENACAI. Esta letra qujere dezir. Cara y oreja
ONES EYE, ONF'S EAR Inin t Urol 11 ipan mjtoaia in tlatocati- de alguno. Y por methaphora se dize.
This saying was said of the messen tlantli, anogo tecutitlantli: in canapa De los cmhaxadores que lleuan las
gcr of the ruler, or of, c the
0 { the r » ^ " -
messenger of
f C ( j c |,vcrcii m e concaoaia tlataatlatolh: in
ilhxilai.» m embaxadas de VIXH senor es a ocros
* lord, who somewhere delivered the
or d,who —
- Vbbl7 jnd Arulerson, Florentine Codex. Book X. ' Thr Pfoplr," pp 10-21.4^-0; alio Chap. 2 7 , mpra, n. 7.
3 Cf-

abundance thou hast acquired, or that
which thou catest, honorable? For the
rulership, or the food which thou cat-
est, are dusty, filthy."
T H E Y ARE LOOKING SIDELONG AT T H E E ;
THEY ARE LOOKING AT T H E E OUT
OF THE CORNER OF THE E Y E
This saying is said of the great ruler
or the great priest who rules, like the
great cypress, the great silk cotton tree,
because there can be confidence in him.
IN THE CLOUDS, IN T H E MIST
This saying was said of the highly
esteemed, the very great; of those never
before seen, of those never before
known, nor anywhere seen in times of
yore. So here in all Mexico it was thus
said that the Spaniards came emerging
[from] within the clouds, within the
mist. Or fit was said of] the highly
esteemed, the very rich.
SMOKE, MIST; FAME, HONOR
This saying was said of some ruler
not long dead, whose smoke, whose
mist, had not yet vanished; that is, his
honor, his glory; or someone who had
gone far away, whose glory, whose
honor had not yet vanished.
T H E SEA, THE CONFLAGRATION
This saying was said when there be-
fell a great war, or a great pestilence.
It was said: "It is as if there came
upon us, or there passed over us, the
sea, the conflagration" — that is, pesti-
lence or this same war.
T H E OCELOT MAT, THE EAGLE MAT
It means, there live the strong, the
brave, those no one can conquer. Thus
it is said: "There lieth the eagle mat,
the ocelot mat." And it is said: "There
standeth the ocelot gate, the eagle gate
with which standeth closed off the city"
— that is, "the water, the mountain."
T H E TAIL, T H E WING
It means the commoner. Thus the
commoners were called "tails, wings."
io, da^ollo in tlatocaiod: ano^o da-
qualli in ticqua.
MITZOALIXTLAPALITZTICA,
MJTZOALNACAZITZTICA.
Injn tlatolli, itechpa mjtoa in vei tla-
toanj, ano^o vei teupixquj: in juhquj
vey aveved, vey pochod ic tlatocan:
iehica ivicpa vel netemachilotoc.
MIXTITLAN, AIAUHTITLAN.
Injn datolli: intechpa mjtoaia, in
cenca mavizdque, in cenca veveintin:
in aic oittoque, in aic oiximachoque,
ano can ittoia in ie vecauh injc njcan
cen mexico: ic mjtoaia. Ca mjxdtlan,
aiauhtidan oquj^aco in Espanoles: ano-
£o aca cenca mavizdque, cenca mocujl-
tonoanj.
P O C T L I , AIAVITL: T£IOTL, MAVIZIOTL:
Injn tlatolli: itechpa mjtoaia in aca
datoanj, aiamo vecauh omjc, aiamo
polivi in jpocio, in jaiauhio: qujtozne-
quj: imavizqo, iteio: ano^o aca veca
oia, aiamo polivi in jteio, in jmaviz^o
TEUATL, TLACHINOLLI
Injn tlatolli, itechpa mjtoaia: in vei
iaooiotl muchioaia, ano^o vei cocoliztli:
mjtoaia. Otopan muchiuh, ano^o oto-
pan onqujz: in juhquj teuatl, tlachi-
nolli: qujtoznequj: cocoliztli, ano^o
vel iehoatl in īaoiod.
OCELOPETLATL, QUAPPETLATL:
qujtoznequj: in vncan n e m j chica-
oaque, in oapaoaque in aiac vel qujnpeoa,
ic mjtoa: vncan onoc in quappetlatl, in
ocelopetlatl: ioā m j t o a : vncan icac in
ocelotlatzacujllotl, i n quauhtlatzacujl-
lod IC tzacuticac in altepetl: quitozne-
quj: in atl in tcpetl.
CujTLAPtLLI, VN ATLAPALLI,
qujtoznequj: maceoalli. Ic notzaloia
m m a c e o a l r i -itlapiitin, a d a p l n
244
limpia o no es limpiamente ganada que
esta llcna de poluo y de estiercol de
enganos [sic] y de hurtos. eta.
Dize esta letra. Tienen los ojos pues-
tos en ti todos. Por metaphora qujere
dezir. Que los baxos y populares tienen
esperan£a de ser fauorescidos y abri-
gados de sus mayores y asi dizen del
mayor y del senor que los rige sea obis-
po o Ar^obispo o Visorey Mitzoalixda-
palitztica mjtzoalnacazytztica. Senor
todo el pueblo tienen puestos los ojos
en vos como qujen los a de hazer mer-
cedes y fauorescer en todo.
Qujere dezir esta letra: de entre las
nubes o de entre las njeblas o del cielo
a venjdo. Por methaphora se dize: de
alguna Persona notable que vino a al-
gun lugar o reyno q no le esperaua y
haze gran prouecho a la republica: y
por tanto dize la gēte mjxdtlan aiauh-
tida oquj^aco que qujere dezir. A uenj-
do del cielo o de entre las nubes no
esperado nj conocido.
Qujere dezir esta letra. Au no [Wc]
se a deshecho el humo o la njebla del.
Por methaphora qujere dezir. Aun no
se a perdido la memoria de su fama y
de su loa dizesse de alguna persona muy
querida que murio no a muchos dias.
Aiamo polihuj yn jpucio yn jaiauhio.
Aun esta reciente su memoria por el
gran amor que le tenja.
Qujere dezir esta letra. El mar o la
chamusqujna vino sobre nosotros o paso
sobre nosotros. Por metaphora se dize:
dc la pestilencia o guerra que quando
se acaba dize otopa [sic] qujz in teuad
in dachinolli. Paso sobre nosotros la
mar y el fuego.
Esta letra qujere dezir. Asietos y
estrados ay de dgres y agujlas. Por
methaphora qujere dezir. Ay en este
pueblo o en esta ciudad gete de guerra
soldados y hombres valientes que la
guardan que muriran por su defension.
Esta letra qujere dezir. Alas de aue
y cola de aue. Y por methaphora dize.
Ay gente popular y republica.
 f3 m0del, thou art to take: thyself j i c vel , i „ e m j z , an ^0 . , yd
1• nlr in order to live well, or in
in example 1 „
^ r to speak well.

T H E COFFER, T H E R E E D CHEST TOPTLI, PBTLACALU-

This saying was said of one who Injn datolli itech mjtoaia: in aqujn Esta Icir, q u j c r c d c z i f c ^ A r c ^

^yarded well the sccrcts, t h e e n t r u s t e d vel qujpia m jchtacatlatolli, piallatolli- P° f mcthaphora qujere dezir. Per-
j^rds, or something evil which had ano^o in jtla aqualli ijxpan muchioaia: *>na que guarda bien eJ secreto que le
occurred in his presence. To no one aiac vel qujnextiliaia, vel topdi, vel pe- «ta encomendado o persona mur a -
could he disclose it; he w a s i n d e e d l i k e tlacalli: mjtoaia. Vel qujpia in datolli, Ilada.
a coffer, a reed chest. It w a s said he ano^o tcncmjliz.
guarded well the w o r d s , o r o n e ' s c o n -
duct.

H E BECOMETH
BECOMKTH
This saying was said of those who
ate, who drank by the grace of the
noblemen or of the city, or they were
helped perhaps in that which they ate.
Here they were told: "Brag not there-
for; be not proud therefor, for thou
merely bccomest a wild bee, for thou
merely becomest a bee. Thou dost suck
the nectar by the grace of the city or of
the ruler."
A BEE; HE
Esta letra qujere denr Aueta o ave
A WILD BEE XlCOTI, PIPIIOLTI. xon que cogr mid tie la« flcwe* ) por
I n j n datolli: intech mjtoaia in aquj- methapheva d u n * ; del que es d « n h
q u e inpallaqua, adi pipild, ano^o alte dado muchas \e/n para owner can k *
ped: a^o modauhda, ano^o in dcin principales.
qujqua: njcan ilviloia. Macamo ic xi-
mopoa, macamo ic xadamati: ca fan
Upipiiolti, ca ?an dxicod titlachichina
ipaltzinco in altepcd, ano^o in datoanj.

NEXTEPEOALLI, OTLAMAXALL! Eata letra qujere defir, h j mj roadrr

I MAKE T H F ASH H E A P , T H E CROSSROADS y mi padre el muladtr y caaifM»
NJCNONANTIA, NJCNOTATIA.
MY MOTHER, MY FATHER
Inin datolli intechpa mjtoaia in cioa. caxado. Por methaphora tr d e w c * o
This saying was said of the women, anoco oqujehu: ! fan can jo odi ipan de las malai mugeret que te damn pw
o r of the men, who only remained Z T * i * >* amo de qujmjlviaia in ,nan- ay a qujenqii|cra. o de foe h««mbre |*w]
somewhere on the road. Their moth- ^ in jflMoan: <an mooomavu tn viciosot con muthai m u f c r a de#un iir
ers,8 their fathers advised them in noth- ^ampa vtlica manaia, <an monomauca- los tales que eran muladar cam|no hur
ing- Just of their own accord they caxado.
naia.
remained somewhere along the road,
just of their own accord they bctooK
themselves there. E s u letra qujere deiir. Ni b a i t
A N J TLAN AM MA n ,
ANJTLATAMATI.
de tu madre n) de tu padre curat) ta no
I„jn datolli itechpa mjtoau: in.aqujn loa tuujrw. Y por methAphors tr dire,
I H E E D NO M O T H E R , I who ' mjiecpa, amo tlatlacamau, de lot que no obrdecen N| reuereru IAO a
This saying was ^ d °\ i m C s. He :£Tpan qu,«a in tktolli: mh m,toua los que rigen H pueblo o republics
was admonished ^ ^ ai$. A i l inan. aiac «ta ipan qujmau: «an
heeded not, he d i s H e estecineth ifoUocUma nemfznequi.
course. So it was h c wished
not his mother, his
Eau Ictra quiere desir Arnntr e» d
only to live for h i m * » - 271
MLXTLA^A. MOTLAKTLA9A. sueio U cara y k« d»ete« Y pot meiKa-
Injn tUtolli: itechpa mitoau in tla phora te dtte. De Us perMias veoer
H » F A C R L U • lr-f Of
toani, in anogo pilli. in amo melUoaca ahles que dM o baaeo AIJUAJ coaa
1 I 1 ( , T E E T I « . 0 ( the ruler, or
L was Mid * n 0 l forth tlatua: in tlein cenca tcpinauhti qujtoa, yodt||tu de sus pemacvM denanla m|X-
in Amo moneqiif qujto/ ilinUna. Xiimv tla^j moclaotla^. Quaere dexir. Coo-
of the noble1 tMi W § ^ fundete y averguen^sse a n mjxmo.
caoa, ximjmAti: tenpan riajsdafa: qu|-
cornequj: tiroopinauhtia: loan ilvUou:
one exceed^ -j^ou
necessary H ce w | h y f j c p down
* "Thou thamesf limncauaoa, rimftoloa, tiquitUcoa in
Be P ^ r f ' * ^ " w o i told: "Thou monemflix, in motlatoL
in PU*V. C' nd
A ^JT
thyse -
lt

word of the ruler. The messenger was
told: "Although the very ruler could
not come, it is thou who comest, thou
who art the eye, the car, the listener for
the ruler, thou who art his spy."
O N E S DEPUTY, ONE'S VICAR
This saying was said of the messen-
ger of the ruler, or of the son of the
ruler when his father died, for he had
departed deputizing his son, who was
acting as his vicar.
T H A T WHICH CAN BE CARRIED, THAT
WHICH CAN BE SHOULDERED, THAT
WHICH GOETH ON ONE'S LAP, IN THE
CRADLE OF THE ARMS
This saying was said of the common
folk, the governable, the leadable. It
was said: "The common folk, who
cannot lead themselves, are put on one's
lap, arc borne, are shouldered, are led,
arc governed; they go in the cradle of
»»
ones arms.
H E IIATH COME FORTH FROM ONE'S
WOMB, FROM ONE'S THROAT 4
This saying was said of him who
issued from the lineage of the rulers.
H i s BREATH, HIS WORD
Precisely this saying was said of the
words of the rulers. It was said: "The
breath, the word of the ruler"; not
[just] anyone's word; precisely the
word, the breath of our lord.
I LAY BEFORE THEE THE LIGHT, THE
TORCH, THE MODEL, THE MEASURE,
THE WIDE MIRROR 5
This saying was said of one who
spoke as a nobleman to the common
folk. Hc placed a very good discourse
before the common folk. He said to
them: "Before you I set up that which
is like a torch, like a light. And I place
before you that which is like a mirror
Or I give thee thy model, which is like
thy measure; from it thou art to take
4. In "Huehuctlatolli," pp. 45 50 r ..
C, also Lein Portilla op. c U ^
titlantli. Ma^o nel ivi in amo vel iehoatl senores y donde lleua la embaxada
hazenles la mjsma honrra que harian
ovalla tlatoanj: ca in tehoatl otioalla ca
al mjsmo senor y dizenle. Ca yx ca
tix, ca tinacaz, ca titlacaccauh in tla-
ynacaz.
toanj, ca titlachixcauh
Esta letra qujere dezir. Retrato y
TEIXIPTLA, TEPATILLO.
ymagen de alguno. Y por methaphora
Injn datolli: itechpa mjtoaia in tla-
qujere dezir. El que succedio a otro
tocatidantli: ano<;o in jpiltzin tlatoan,.
en el oficio o el que en nombre de otro
in omjc itatzin: ca oqujmjxipdatiteoac
haze algo o el embaxador que va con
in jpiltzin, ca ipadllo muchiuhaca.
enbaxada o el hijo que succedio en el
officio a su padre y en las costubres.
Esta letra qujere dezir. Carga que se
a de lleuar a cuestas. Y por methaphora
IN J T C O N J , IN M A M A L O N J , IN
qujere dezir. La republica que se a de
TECUEXANCO, IN TEMAMALOAZCO
IETIUH:
regir como qujen los lleua a cuestas.
Injn datolli intechpa mjtoaia in mace-
oald, in pacholonj, in iacanalonj: mj-
toaia: cuexanalo, itco, mamalo, iaca-
nalo, pacholo, temamalvazco ieduh in
maceoalli: amo monomaiacana.
Esta letra qujere dezir. Salio de las
T E X I L L A N , TETOZCATLAN OQUJZ. entranas y de la garganta. Y por metha-
Injn datolli itechpa mjtoaia yn aqujn phora qujere dezir. Persona generosa
itech oqujz tlatocadacamecaiod que viene de personas ylustres: qujere
dezir tambien. La plauca o oracion que
haze el orador que le sale de las
entranas y de la garganta.
IHIJO, ITLATOL. Esta letra qujere dezir. Su resuello
Injn datolli, vel itech mjtoaia in da- o esp[irit]u o su palabra. Y dizesse por
toque intlatol: mjtoaia. Ihijotzin, ida- methaphora del razonamjento que
toltzin in datoanj, aiac ydatol, vel tote- haze el senor a sus principales 0 d
cujo idatoltzin, ihijotzin. predicador a sus oyentes.
IN TLAVILLI, IN OCOTL, IN M A C H I O T L ,
Esta letra qujere dezir. lubre y hacha
IN OCTACATL, IN COIAOAC T E Z C A T L :
encendida y dechado y modelo y espejo
MJXPAN NJCMANA.
ancho. Por methaphora qujere dezir.
Injn datolli itechpa mjtoaia: in aqujn
Razonamjento que los principales
tecudatoaia, in jvicpa maceoalli, in
hablan a los maceoales: y el sermon
cenca qualli datolli ijxpan qujtlaliaia
que el predicador predica y el bue
maceoalli: qujmjlviaia. Amjxpan njc-
exemplo de buena vida que alguno da.
quetza in juhquj ocud, in juhquj tla-
' 1 0 a n y* Juhquj tezcatl mjxpan
njemana, ano^o njmjtzmaca in L
machiouh, i n j u h q u j rnoctacauh, in
JtCCh hiotiz, in jtech dmj cu"
r
'' ^ - with
rcgazo or utcr0\ entranas with garganta.
272
 he had admonished one: "The o n m o c u j l t o n o in maceoalli: ontetepeac
* t o n folk have rejoiced; they have o n c h a c h a i a o a c in vel chalchiuhtic 7 c
£ o m c rich; that which is m u c h like
•oUS green stones hath been spread,
hath been scattered," 7 etc.

THOU HAST R E J O I C E D , THOU HAST

BECONFE W E A L T H Y . I T HATH BEEN
THE DEBT H A T H B E E N P A I D B Y
OF THY M O T H E R , T H Y
This saying was said of many of the
common folk; also it could be said of
a single person. W h e n they had been
admonished, they were told: "Thou
hast rejoiced, thou hast become weal-
thy, thou who art a common person.
It hath been paid; the debt hath been
paid by means of thy mother, thy
father, the city." O r : " T h o u hast heard
the jusdee, that is, the discourse."
PAID; Dize esta letra. Aste gozado aste
OTONMOTLAMACHTI, OTONMOCUJLTONO:
MEANS
enriquezido, a pagado a hecho el deuer
ONPOPOUH, ONJXTLAUH INJC
tu madre y tu padre el pueblo, o regi-
FATHER MONANTZIN, I N J C MOTATZIN.
mjento o senado. Por methaphora se
Injn datolli, intechpa mjtoaia in dize. En la conclusion de alguna ofon
maceoalti in mjequjntin: no uel itechpa que auja hecho algun orador al pueblo
mjtoaia in 5a ce tlacad: in jquac onno- deziēdo. Otonmodamachti otonmocujl-
notzaloque, ilviloia. Otonmodamachti, tono etc. Qujere dezir. Todos los que
otonmocujltono in timaceoalli: onpo- aqujstays aveys oydo cosas preciosas y
pouh, onjxdauh injc monantzin, injc cosas ricas para vra consolacion porque
motatzin in altepetl, ano^o in iusticia el pueblo o los senadores o regimjeto
otoconcac, qujtoznequj, tlatolli. por ser vfa madre y vro padre a hecho
su deuer para con vosotros a pagado
lo que concierne a padre y inadre.

H E STRIKETH O F F OBSIDIAN [POINTS]; Qujere dezir esta letra. Labra cas

HE S T R A I G H T E N E T H ARROW SHAFTS ITZVITEQUJ, ACAMELAOA. qujllos de saetas de piedras de nauajas
Injn datolli, itechpa mjtoaia: in enderc^a canas de saetas para tirar. Por
This saying was said of him who
aqujn tecocolitinemj, teveiiecotinemj: methaphora se dize: del que aborresce
went about haung one, fighting against
in qujtotinemj. Quenjn njcchioaz in a alguno y busca maneras para Ic danar
one; who went about saying: "In what
tlaueliloc: cenca datemotinemj, tetla- o le matar.
way can I do harm to h i m ? " Diligendy
chichivilitinemj in tlein tetechcopa, te-
he went about seeking, doing that
vicpa muchioaz amo qualli.
which would cause evil to one.
Dize esta letra. dcrramo y derroco
H E HATH S P R E A D , H E H A T H SCATTERED ONTLATEPEUH, ONTLACHAIAUH en los estrados. Por methaphora se dize:
PETLAPAN, IN JCPALPAN: del que hizo alguna iniuria o desacato
T H I N G S ON T H E R E E D M A T , I N

qujtoznequj: jquac aca mote,lvia

in al senor o a los senadores en juyzio por
ON T H E R E E D SEAT
ijxpan tlatoanj, a 9 o «an ida ic omoio- donde el senor y los senadores se eno-
It means, when someone c o m p l a i n e d
litlaco in tlatoanj, itechpa maceoalli: jaro del: y dizen Ontlatepeuh ontla-
of injustice before the ruler, perhap chaiauh in petlapan in jcpalpan qujere
mitoaia Ontlatepeuh, ontlachaiauh in
merely because of s o m e t h i n g t h c ™ s dezir. Este majadero enojo a los senores
maceoalli, in jxpan tlatoanj, qujtozne-
was offended by t h e c o m m o n e r , con sus palabras mal mjradas.
q u j : oqujmoiolitlacalvi, oqujtequjpa-
said: " T h e c o m m o n e r hatn^
cho in tlatoanj.
hath scattered things before:
It m e a n s that he had offended,
ONTLAXAMANJ, ONTLAPOZTEC. Esta letra qujere dezir: quebrato o
troubled the ruler-
Injn tlatolli, itechpa mjtoaia: in chi- hizo peda^os o rraxo cosa prcciosa. Y
. SHE BROKE I T
S H E SHATTERED FF, ^ A N U R S C M A . D chioa, ano^o ticitl, in jquac tla aca pilli por methaphora se dize: del medico
ipiltzin qujchichitia ce tlacatl cioatl: que curaua algun hijo o hija de persona
This saying; - t i n - j g j
s o r n c
notable y murio por no le curat bicn.
or of a m i d w . f - » o a q ' ^
aah 9an oommjc in piltontli: ic mjtoaia.
c h l l d t
Tambien se dize: de la ama que criaua
Ondaxamanj, ontlapuztec: ano$o ticitl,
nobleman ^ a algu njno hijo de alguna persona
in $an jmac ommjquj, in jquac qujpa-
woman to saI d: midwife, notable y por su descuydo se le murio:
tiznequja: ilviloia. Otontlaxamj, oton-
' k H entonce dizen ontlaxamj.
if, Ac
died
b rroJU -d 0 t X
cure [the h S , sif it
aid: tlapuztec.
when/ her care, ^ hast
j-t * * sh3ttc rcd
<«Th ou 1 „
broken

7- ^ a otontlaxamarM.
8. 249
 dirtiest thyself, thou dishonorest thy-
self; thou harmest thy life, thy speech.
Qujere dezir esta letra. gana honrra y
H E BRINCETH FAME UPON H I M S E L F ;
MOTEIOTIA, MJTAUHCAIOTIA. fama para si mjsmo. Dizese de los que
HE BRINCETH RENOWN UPON H I M S E L F
Injn tlatolli, itechpa mjtoaia: in hazen valentias en la guerra y obras
This saying was said of him who did loables entre le gente que viue.
aqujn tlein qujchioa cenca maviztic:
that which was very estimable, perhaps
ago iaoiotl, anogo in tlein qualli tlachi-
[in] warfare, or that which is well
oalli: ic mjtoaia. Onmoteiori, onmj-
made. Thus it was said: "He hath
tauhcaioti: ic cacaoantiuh in jteio, in
brought fame upon himself, he hath
jtauhca, in jmavizio, in jtlcio.
brought renown upon himself. Already
he goeth making illustrious his fame,
his renown, his esteem, his glory."
Esta letra qujere dezir. Estimase
HE ESTEEMETH HIMSELF;
MIXTILIA, MOMAVIZTILIA.
honrrase. Dizese de aquellos que mjran
HE HONORETH HIMSELF
mucho por su honrra asi en las pala-
This saying was said of him who was Injn tlatolli, itechpa mjtoa: in aqujn
bras como en las obras que nj dizen
not much in making friends by talking, aic cenca moteienjuhtia tlatoltica: ioan
cosa dc dode les venga deshonrra o
and who treasured his words exceed- cenca qujdagoda in jtlatol, amo tetlan
vergucnga.
ingly. He did not demean himself mavilqujxtia: ago vetzqujztica, anogo
with others cither by laughter or by camanaloliztica: ic ilviloia. Cenca mjx-
joking. Hence it was said: "He esteem- tilia, cenca momaviztilia.
eth himself gready; he honoreth him-
self exceedingly."

[CAN SHE BE PLACED] PERCHANCE Esta letra qujere dezir. No es cosa

IN A COFFER, IN A REED CHEST?
This saying was said of women who
could not be well guarded. Perhaps
they had done evil, or perhaps they did
no evil. Hence it was said: "Perhaps
they have done evil; perhaps not. [Can
they be placed] perchance in a coffer,
in a reed chest? What is like gold is in
its reed chest; it is in its coffer; it is
that which can be guarded. But the
woman is not comparable; she is not
that which can be well guarded."
C U J X TOPIO, C U J X PETLACALLO.
Injn tlatolli, intechpa mjtoa in cioa,
in amo vel mopia: in ago otladaco, aca-
nogomo dadacoa: ic mjtoaia. Ago otla-
daco, acanogomo: cujx topio, cujx petla-
callo: ca in juhquj teocujtlatl, ca vnca
ipedacallo, oncatquj itopio, vel pialonj:
auh in cioatl camo iuhquj, camo vel
cenca pialonj.
que se pucda guardar en cofre o en
area. Por methaphora se dize. De las
mexjas que por no estar en casa encerra-
das cayen en manos de qujen las des-
honrra: y diziendo a sus padres: esto
a hecho vuestra hija Responde. Cujx
topio cujx petlacallo Qujere dezir: ella
se tiene la culpa que yo no la puedo
meter en area o en cofre.

L I K E A PRECIOUS GREEN STONE, L I K E

A PRECIOUS TURQUOISE, PERFECTLY
CYLINDRICAL, W E L L ROUNDED
This saying was said of one who
made pronouncements, who admon-
ished one very well. It was said: "He
spoke very wonderfully; it was like a
precious green stone, like a precious
turquoise." The discourse which was
heard was like a perfectly cylindrical,
well-rounded precious green stone.
Esta letra qujere dezir. Finos chal-
V E L CHALCHIUHTIC, VEL TEUXIUHTIC,
chiujtes finos safiros muy bien labrados,
VEL ACATIC, V E L O L O L I U H Q U J .
vnos largos otros redodos. Por metha-
Injn tlatolli, itechpa mjtoaia: in phora qujere dezir. hizo vna plauca o
aqujn cenca vel tecutlatoa, tenonotza:
vn sermon como finas piedras preciosas
mjtoaia. Cenca maviztic injc otlato:
muy primamente labradas.
iuhqujn chalchivid, iuhqujn teuxivitl:
in juhquj chalchivid, vel acatic, vel
ololiuhquj, in omocac tlatolli.

[ P R E C I O U S STONES] ARE SPREAD,

SCATTERED
This saying was said of him who
admonished one very well, who made
pronouncements. And when he ad-
monished one, then it was said of the
admonisher, in order that he be thanked
274 Esta letra qujere dezir. Derrama-
ONTETEPEOAC, ONCHACHAIAOAC.
ronse esparcieronse piedras preciosas.
Injn tlatolli, intechpa mjtoaia: „
in Por methaphora se dize, del que pre-
aqujn ccnca vel tenonotza, tecutlatoa
dico muy bien, o del que oro entre los
auh in jquac ontenonotz: njman ilhvi-
senadores y senores dizen del Ontete-
oia in tenonotzanj, injc icnelilmachoia,
peoac onchachaiaoac. Piedras preciosas
In , q u a c onten°notz. Onmodamachti
hecho por aquella boca.
 • ivas only a falsehood with which the
intla $an iztlacatilizdi, ic ixpan oneteil-
'tfusation was made and later the ruler v^oc: auh ?atePan, i c p i n a u P h t i l o ™ gunos: y si ,o dize de otro, dizeJo p
was thereby embarrassed. Later it could u j . d e reprehension notandde de ncd,
k heard wherefore the ruler was much Oman " ^ in - c, na
pinaoaia d a t o^a n j : k mjtoaia .
embarrassed, so that it was said: "The con
I n ralsedad
n L enz c iuyzio.
d c J q u e acu*> a « '
maceoalh, ccnca oqujpinauhti in tla-
commoner hath greatly embarrassed the
t o a n j , in a vmpa oqujxti, in a v m p a oquj-
ruler. He hath produced it incorrecdy;
nacazti: qujtoznequj: in amo mehoac
he hath caused it to be heard incor-
oqujeae, in a m o mclaoac oqujttac
recdy/' It means what he did not cor-
recdy hear, what he did not correcdy
see.

DRIVEL, SLAVER
IZTLACTLI, TENQUALACTLI. Esta letra qujere dezir: es escupidura
This saying means falsehood, un- Injn datolli, iehoad qujtoznequj in o gargaxo. Y por methaphora qujere
truth. It was said of him who was jzdacadliztli, in amo neltiliztli: itechpa dezir. Mentira o falscdad.
ruler or nobleman, who could always mjtoaia in aqujn datoanj, ano^o pilli, in
believe or listen to falsehood. Hence $an muchi vel qujneltoca, ano^o qujca-
the liar was told: " D o not repeat drivel, quj yn jztlacatilizdi: ic ilviloia in jztla-
slaver, before the ruler. Consider it catinj. Macamo izdacdi, tenqualacdi
well; examine it well." ijxiqujto, in jxpan tlatoanj: vel xic-
temo, vel xiqujtta:
And the ruler was told: " D o not ioan ilviloia in datoanj. Macamo
listen, O ruler, to the drivel, the slaver. xicmocaqujti tlatoanje, yn jztlacdi, in
Consider well, hear well the words. tenqualacdi: ma vel xicmottili, ma vel
Why dost thou take — dost thou grasp xicmocaqujti in datolli: deica in ticcuj:
- t h e falsehood?" in ticana iztlacatilizdi.

Esta letra qujere dezir: GloriHcase y

I E ONTIMALIHVI, IE
THE TORMENT ALREADY INCREASETH;
VMPA O N Q U J S A IN TONEVIZTLK
enscnorease la pobre^a hasta alii puedo
ALREADY I T C O M E T H FORTH HERE llegar. Y por methaphora qujere dezir:
qujtoznequj. Cenca roneoaunem, in
It means: "My heart, my body go in tengo estremada pobre^a en todo.
noiollo, in nonacaio: ade notech monc-
great torment. I am stricken by p° v " q u j , atlei in nodaqual, atlci in notzo-
erty. Nothing is my food, nothing my tzoma.
rags."
N E T L O C , NENAOAC NETZITZQUJLO,
Qujere dezir esta letra: estan asidos
NEPACHOLO. los vnos con los otros. Y por metha-
THERE IS T H E G R I P P I N G , T H E PRESSING
Inin datolli: intechpa mjtoa in pipH- phora qujere dezir: estan en paz y
TOGETHER, OF ONE W I T H A N O T " F \ N qujerensc bien los vnos a los otros, y
anogo datoque, in monepanpalevia,
This saying is said of the nob ^ n d
tratanse bien.
or the rulers who help one another, w d ^ modagotla: ic m,toa^ N e d * ,
nenaoac motzitzquja, mopachoa in pi-
love each other ,d prcss piltin in tlatoque.
"The noblemen, the niiers
one another together. ANEZCALICAIOTL, XOLOPICAIOTL,
Esta letra qujere dezir: necedad o
qujtoznequj: in aqujn amo muzca- tocheria: dizesse de lo que haze la
„ FOOLISHNESS
IMPRUDENCE, PRUDEN , Ua amo vellatoa, amo vel qujchioa in gente baxa y dc poco cntendimjento.
It means the one who ,, tlein tequjtilo: ipan neraj in amo nez-
not well * * * * * as a task, who calicaiotl, in xolopicaiod.
that which he . foolishness-
lives in imprUC® Oc XON MOTLAMACHTI, Qujere dezir esta letra: desseo que
WEALTHV BE Y E T OC XON MOCUJLTONO. gozes de prosperidad y riqueza: o
V E T

BE YE ««PEROUSI , Injn tlatolli, itechpa mjtoa: in aqujn rucgo a dios que tc haga prospero y
~ r s ofhim ° wh 1 ccnca mavizti, ano$o mocujltonoa, vnca rico.
T h i s ^ y i n g J or who is prepcrous.
r^M jay j t ; z
quj quanj: ic mjtoa in jtechpa. Oc xon-
motlamachti, oc xonmocujltono ipal-
T h o - - ' f h r yc prosperous by the tzinco in totecujo, in doque, naoaque.
T o J X 'ord of the near,
275

HE L I N K E T H P E O P L E ; HE PLACETH
PEOPLE IN ORDER
It means: when one knew very well
the genealogies of noblemen, it was said
of him: "He linketh the people well;
he placeth them in order." And it was
said of him who was a nobleman, an
esteemed nobleman; he was called one's
jewel, ones precious feather, one's be-
loved son.
A N O T H E R ' S SONG, ANOTHER'S WORDS
It means the one who spoke words
not his own — perhaps the words of the
old men, the words of the noblemen;
but a mere commoner, if he took it
upon himself to talk, was told: "Arc
these perchance thy words, thy song,
which thou utterest? What thou utter-
cst is not necessary."
BABYISHNESS, CHILDISHNESS,
BESOTTEDNESS, DRUNKENNESS
This saying was said of work not
well done or of inelegant speaking, or of
work well done, of elegant speaking, but
as if in humility. When one did some-
thing well or spoke well, he did not
say: "I did it very well," or, "I spoke
well "; he just said: "I have performed,
or 1 have said a thing of babyishness,
of childishness, of besottedness, of
drunkenness; or of folly, of imperfec-
tion. It may be that I perform, that I
speak thus; perhaps it is not so."
I DO T H E S W E E P I N G , THE
CATHERINC OF RUBBISH
This saying was said of service or of
errands for the city or for the temple.
Thus was it said: "Just the sweeping,
just the gathering of rubbish, before
our lord or the city, is done."
I PRODUCE IT I N C O R R E C T L Y ; I CAUSE
IT TO B E HEARD INCORRECTLY9
This saying was said of one when
one laid a complaint before the ruler if
J a and - «""><
TE90, TEVIPANA:
qujtoznequj: in aqujncenca vel
qujntecpancamati pipilti: ic mjtoaia.
Vel te^o, tevipana. loan mjtoaia, in
aqujn pilli, dagopilli: moteneoaia: te-
cozquj, tequetzal, tepiltzin.
TECUJC, TETLATOL:
qujtoznequj: in aqujn amo itlatol
qujtoaia, ago vevetlatolli, pillatolli: auh
gan maceoalli in qujmodatolda, ilhvi-
loia. Cujx motlatol, cujx mocujc in
dqujtoa: ca amo monequj in uqujtoz.
P L P I L L O , COCONEIO, IVINCAIUTL,
XOCOMJCCAIUTL:
Injn datolli itechpa mjtoaia in amo
vellachioalizdi, anogo amo vellatoliztli,
anogo vellachioalizdi, vellatoliztli in
$an juhquj necnomatilizdi, in jquac aca
vel ida qujchioa, anogo vellatoa: amo
qujtoaia in aqujn. In cenca vel onocon-
chiuh, anogo vel onjdato: gan qujtoa.
Onoconchiuh, anogo onoconjto in pipil-
lotl, in coconeiotl, in jvincaiod, xoco-
mjccaiod: anogo in chocholocaiod, in
aaccaiotl: in ago iuhquj, in acanogomo
iuhquj in njcchioa, ano^o njqujtoa.
TLACHPANALIZTLI,
TLACUJCUJLIZTLI NJCCHIOA.
Injn tlatolli, itechpa mjtoaia: in da-
tequjpanoliztli, anogo n e t i t l a n j l i z t l i
itechpa alteped, anogo in teupan: ic
mjtoaia. Qan tlachpanalizdi, gan dacuj-
cujliztli muchioa yn jxpantzinco in to-
tecujo, anogo alteped.
AVMPA NJCQUJXTIA,
AVMPA NJCNACAZTIA.
j q u T a c f m L i ?1 3h1 3p a mjt0aia:
ijxpan datoanj:
amon8 a number of phrascs o l m
' °lmOS'
276
Dize esta letra: ensarta ordena. Por
methaphora se dize: de los que estan
diestros en contar las genealogias o
successiones de la gente principal y en
narrar sus obras y sus grandezas como
deciendo. N. es hijo de N. y njeto de
N. eta. su bisabuelo de. N. hizo tal o
tal hazana deste se dize vel tego vel
tcujpana: muy bien sabe o muy bien
cuenta los linajes dc los principales.
Esta letra qujere dezir: dize palabras
y cantares agenos que alguno se los
enseno. Por methaphora qujere dezir:
habla no dc su boca sino de cabega
agena, no lo que el penso sino lo que le
ensefiaron como a tordo.
D i z e esta letra: muchacharrias
njnerias borracherias. Por methaphora
dizelo de si: el que a hecho vna oracion
buena y de buena manera, y al cabo
dize humjlladose: e dicho muchacha-
rrias y njnerias y vorracherias o des-
barates sin orde [sic] y sin concierto.
Tambien dize esto mjsmo alguno que
qujere mal a otro por afrontarle y por
abatirle.
Dize esta letra: varrere y amontonare
el estiercol. Por metaphora dizen esto:
los que se ofrecen a serujr y obedecer
en la casa de Dios o en la casa de los
senores pa dezir serujre y trabajare en
la casa de tal dios o en la casa dc tal
senor: dezian dachpanaliztli dacujcuj-
liztli njcchioaz.
Dize esta letra: no enderece bien lo
que dixe nj lo ordene bien. Esto dize
' hecho
10 d c si humjllandose, el que a hecho
alguna J n 0 p l a ; i c a d c i a n t c de al-
4
no
°P- «'•> P- 226, USCS for -Maluudo, suzio, pcrucrso
 T H O U GOEST A B O U T PANTING,
BEATING T H E B R E A S T , AS
THOU HADST D R U N K JIMSON
j( was said of him who no longer
wished to listen to admonition, who
was as if drunk, as if he had eaten
jimson weed. In his living, no longer
did he remember that of which he had
been admonished. Because of this, the
imprudent one was chidden; he was
told: "Why hast thou eaten it? W h y
hast thou tasted it? N o longer can it
abandon thee. No more will it leave thy
heart. No more dost thou take, grasp
the words."
THOU COEST DRIVEN B Y T H E
THOU G O E S T C A R R I E D B Y T H E
This saying was said of him who just
went about here and there, who could
nowhere settle down, nowhere found a
home; he only went from house to
house. He was told: " W h a t dost thou?
What makest thou? It is as if thou
goest carried by the winds, driven by
the waves. Setde down just by thyself.
Do not go about here and there/'
THOU HAST MADE T H Y S E L F
RABBIT; THOU HAST MADE
INTO A DEER
T h i s saying was said of him w h o no
longer lived at h o m e , w h o no longer
obeyed his father, his m o t h e r . H e just
fled when they found it necessary to
admonish h i m . H e just went wander-
ing about s o m e w h e r e ; he no lon^e
days somewhere else, llkc a
sleep somewhere. ^ Hence
rabbit; he became UKe . . . T h o U h)>s t
such a one was toldi. ^ ^ hast
made thyself into a r h ,
FOR U^RUL
of him
I_ * ». ? saving ,„i Thus ^
w he
' * h o rutod-
^ * j 5 h o n o r IO our lord.
- day,
Pc 3 hi' W . — h
come here the stone,.
haP* a l l T .h3t is «o say, sickness, or
The
IN T I C I C A T I N E M J , W T,MELTZOTZONT,.
IF
NHMJ: I N JUHQUJ M J x m . , „ JUHQUJ
WEED
•N-APATL OTIQUIC.
mjtoaia: in aqujn aiocmo
letra qUfere dezir. Andai ™
qujcaqujznequj tenonotzalizdi: ca iuh-
« n d o y dandote palmadai en eJ peth,
quj in ma tlaoanquj, m a dapad oquj-
como hombre que * comjdo bekām
qua: injc nemj: aiocmo qujlnamjquj
Por meraphora >r dize: dc ac?Url qut
in tlein ic nonotzaloia: ipampa injc siendo traujewo y destaraodo en iu
aioia, in amo muzcalia: ilviloia. Tlein viujr, siendo enrrfido no te qujere
mach oticqua, dein mach oticpapoJo: eme:>dJ: v j -vr r.nriuc .p - a,
aioc vel mjtzcaoa, aiocmo qujdalcavia bcujdo que as comjdo que njngun Urn
in moiollo: in aiocmo ticcuj, ticana in cose jo (XK-J rescibe ru corafon.
tlatolli.
WAVES;
Qujere dcxir o t a letra andai Hon
IN TAMOIAOATINEMJ;
dean J o en el ajjua o a lat ondai J r J
WINDS IN TECATOCOTINEMJ.
agua te traen daca paraila r el wenro
Injn tlatolli, itechpa mjtoaia: in
te lleua de aca para alia. Par met ha
a q u j n {an qujqujzunemj, in acan vel
phora se dire eato, de qu-ilqiiKf-i pr
latzicoa, acan vel muchantlalia: fan
aona desassuiegada que anda de cata
cacalactincmj: ilviloia. Ilein fai, tlein
en casa o de tianquet en tilqucf o de
Ucchioa: in juhquj tecatocotinemj, ri-
calle en calle reprehendiend«Je o por
mamoiauhtincmj, {an cecnj ximodali:
uja de reprehension.
macamo xiqujqujzrinemj.
Qujere de*ir etta letra attr hecho
INTO A conejo a*te hecho cienio. Bar metha-
IN OTITOCHTIAC,
THYSELF phora »e disc: de aquel o de aquella
IN OTIMA9ATIAC:
Inin datolli, itcchpa mjtoaia: in que te van de cata de »u padre, y andan
aqujn aiocmo ichan ocmy, -iocmo quj- de pueblo en pueblo o de tianquet en
dacaniari in jtaczin. in jnantzin: tianquez, n| qujeren obedecer a «ua
choloa, in jquac qujnonotzaznequ,: «a padres nj estar en tu lata, y reprehen
moa qujqujztinemj, aiocmo ichan diendoles dizen: otitochtuc otim^Aliac:
i c^npan ^ e m j l v i d a . can- aste hecho como conejo y como CUeruo.
A l a l i a 9 1
" ^ h t i n e m T i ^ q u j n tochdi omu- que a nadie obedecea.
E h ^ t l omuchiuh: ic ilviloia in
aqujn* Oritochbac. ooma^auac, oomc
Svholti. otimoquaquaquauhti: ouc-
namjc in tochtli iovi, in ma^ati IOVL
277
A9O CUEL A CHIC, A9OC Esta letra qujere dezix. Por uectfura
CEMTUIVITL IN JPALTTINCO vn dia o algun poco de tiempo te *
IN TOT1CU JO. de vida nuettro lefior: goza delia. Tām-
Inin tlatolli itechpa m»toau in aqujn bten par methaphora te due. dd
who
tUtocad, tepjcht«: ic datlauhtilaia, ic que ponce en paz su «eAorio 1 * * *
,Ic chicaoalou, ellaquaoalo: ilhvikna. Oc rrico y sano lot que le visitan:
xocontUmavi^alhvi in torecu^o: as*oc Se agradecido a nuestro f*" k
«ill a csmjlvid, t^oc cuel achic in jdalucpac- beneficio que te a hecho y P ^ ^ e »
tzinco in totecujo: auh ano^o ie njz v i a puedas gozar muchot diat ^ MJm f
, Wut P " in tetl in quavitl: qujtoznequj: coco- fueres ingrato qujtarte a diet *
liztli, anoqo temuxth, in ehecAtl, anti^o lo que te a dado.

T H E VERY BROAD, T H E DEEP GREEN
PRECIOUS FEATHER
This saying was said o f that with
which the ruler, or nobleman, or magxs
trate admonished one well. He who
was admonished was told: "Grasp the
discourse, the very broad, the deep
green, like a precious feather. T h e lord,
the ruler, hath shown thee mercy.
Hi WHO oorro SMOKING,
WHO OOITM BCXNINf
This saving was Mid of him who was
of very firm speech as he admonished
one; and the words hurt one. he spoke
ooc gently. And everyone was sore
afraid; no more did one speak aloud;
evervone heard him very well.
THOU ART A CTfUM, THOU ART A SILK
COTTON m i . B E N E A T H T H E E , THE
COMMON FOLK W I L L SEEK T H E SHADE',
T H I Y W I L L SEEK T H E SHADOW
This saving is said of the rulers who
arc esteemed like cypresses, like silk
cotton trees. Beneath them there is
reeling of the shade, beneath them
there is seeking of the shadows.
IN V E L PATLAOAC, IN VEL Q u j e r e dezir esta letra. Plumaxc
XOPALEOAC QUETZALLI. rico, y dc perfecta color. Y por mctha-
phora qujere dezir. O r a c i 5 o platica
Injn tlatolli, itechpa m j t o a i a : in vel
elegante y sentida muy bien copuesta.
tenonotza tlatoanj, a n o j o pilli, ano^o
tecutlato: jlviloia, in a q u j n nonotzalo.
Ma xoconcuj in tlatolli, in vel padaoac,
Ln vel xopalcoac; in j u h q u j q u e t z a l l i :
o m j t r m o c n c l i l i in tlacatl, in tlatoanj.
Qujere dezir esta letra. V a humeando
IS KOPOCATIUH, IN
CHICHINAUHTIUH.
y ardiendo. Por methaphora se dize:
de aquel que habla o haze alguna oron
Injn tlatolli, itechpa mjtoaia: in
o platica de reprehension con mucha
aqujn ccnca chicaoac tlatolli ic tenono- argullo [fie] y valiente voz, de manera
tza, ioan tecoco tlatolli, amo fan ivian que causa tcmor a los que lo oyen.
tlatoa: ioan cenca muchi tlacatl mo-
mauhtia. aocac naoati, cenca muchi
tlacatl vel qujeaquja.
Esta Ictra qujere dezir. Eres Cedro,
y Arbol dc gran sombra q se llama pu-
TAVEVETL. IN T I P O C H O T L , MOTLAN
chotl. Por methaphora se dize: dc
NFOCEOVALHVLZ. MOIACALHVIZ IN
qualqujera scnor o principal quc es
MACEOALLI.
liberal, y consoela y fauorescc a todos
Injn tlatolli, intechpa mjtoa in tla-
sus basallos. Tambien sc dize csto: dc
toque: iuhquj[n] avevetl, pochomc ipan
las otras pcrsonas libcralcs y que fauo-
povi: intlan neceovalvilo, intlan neie-
rescen a los pobres.
calvilo.

THY RAMPART, THY RBFUGB
This saying was said of those who
tertcd perhaps as a steward, or as a
judge, or as a ruler, as a nobleman who
governed the common folk. Like their
ramparts, their refuge was he; he pro*
titled 1 rampart, he provided a refuge,
fiw that which might befall the com-
mon folk fust befalls the ruler or the
nobleman.
MOTENAN, MOTZACUJL.
Injn tlatolli, intechpa mjtoaia in tla-
tequjpanoa: afo calpixcati, afo achca-
cauhti, anofo tlatoanj, pilli, in qujpa-
choa maccoalli, iuhquj in jntcnanoan,
intzacujlhoan, qujtcnantia, qujtzacuj-
lia: iehica achtopa ipan muchioa in tla-
toanj, anofo pilli: in tlcin ipan muchi-
oazquja maccoalli.
Esta letra qujere dezir. T u muro v
tu pared. Y por methaphora sc dize:
del scnor o principal quc defiende y
zela a sus basallos, para quc no scan
maltratados dc alguno y se pone por
cllos a qualqujera ricsgo y asi del se
dize. Ca totenan ca totzacujl: es nro
muro es nro amparo.

\l BUOY l\ THB BONDS, ALRl \DY IN

ritl *Ti> KS Ol Ot'R loan, WHIN THOU
ART ONLY A MOUTHFUL OP DIRT,
ONLY A FACE OF DIRT
This saving is heard concerning tick-
neit, because it is as it our lord bound
us For this reason it was said: "Be
happy, be yet joyful; drink, eat yet.
Wik thou perhaps later eat —tomor-
row. the day after — when sickness will
have Lid hold of thee, will have seized
thee; when thou art already in the
»tocks, i n the bonds of our lord, when
thou who an only i mouthful of din
Esta letra qujere dezir: quando estu
IN IE I M E C A C , IN I E I Q U A V I C I N
ujeres en el cepo, o atado con la soga:
TOTECUJO, IN 9 A T1CAMATLALPUL,
qujere dezir. csto, he dicho quc tc a
IN 9 A TLXTLALPUL.
hecho aujsandotc pon lo por obra lucgo
Injn datolli, itcch mocaquj in cucu-
y no espercs quado ya cstuujcrcs cn cl
liztU: ichjea ca iuhqujn techmolpilia
cepo o atado con la soga. Y por mcta-
totccujo: ipampa in mjtoa. Oc xompa-
phora qujere dezir: pucs que agora
quj. oc xonmotlamachti, oc xonatli oc
cstas bueno y rezio y comes y bcucs
xondaqua. Cujx qujnjquac toconquaz,
emjenda tu vida y no espcres a quaJt'
>n muzda, in vipda, in omjtzonan, in
estu ujeres cmfermo y muy ccrcano a la
omjtzontzitzquj cocolizdi, in ic iqua-
mucrtc quando tuujercs la cara como
UK. in .cunccac totccujo, y 9 a rixtlalpul,
ticrra y la boca liena dc tierra quando
y * ticamatlalpul tonoc, i m a c cocoliztli!
ya cstuujercs pucsto en cl ccpo y aw 0
con la soga dc la muerte.

278
 ^POCT THVSETF GENTLY, H U M B L Y IN IVIAN, IOCUXCA X I M O N E M J T I : MA
L Jnr BOWING, THY INCLINATIONS, MOTOLOL, MA MOMALCOCH, IN TETLOC, Esta letra qujere dezir. Viue pacifica-
THT
BY AND N E A R OTHERS IN TENAOAC: mente y muy humjlmente inclinate y
This was said o f t h e n o b l e m e n o r o f I n t e c h p a m j t o a i a in pipilti, in anogo recogetc cntre los otros. Esta era exor-
the sons of lords. T h e y w e r e admon- tetecutin inpilhoan, ic nononotzaloia: tacion de los pilles y nobles con que
ished thus; they w e r e t o l d : "In orc ]er ilviloia. Injc annemjzque: $an ivian, los aujsauan para que mostrassen toda

!bt you live gendy, h u m b l y b y o t h e r s humjldad y subieccion delante los prin-

$ a n i o c u x c a in tetloc, in tenaoac: amo
c i p a l s senores y reyes, por su tyranja
near others, you a r e n o t t o l i v e i n arro-' a n m o p o u h t i n e m j z q u e , a m o amatlamat-
mjrauan mucho en los que mostraua
pace, not to live in p r i d e . Arrogance tinernjzque: a m o qualli, a m o iectli in
algu brio o presupdon [sic] en su pre-
is not good, not r i g h t e o u s ; o n e i s n o t t o nepoaliztli: a m o yc tedan nemoa: ie
sencia: y por esto Ics aujsauan y dezian.
lire thus among others. It js , qualli in tololdca, in malcochdca ne-
Si quercys viujr en paz entre los hom-
live with bowings, w i t h inclinations.''0 moa. bres, no mostreys prcsupcion [sic] por-
quc la soberuja es muy mala, y el que
la tiene no puede viujr en paz: el que
sc inclina y se rccoge viue en par.

H E GOETH A B O U T G N A W I N G H I S FINGER- Esta letra qujere dezir. Los que roen

NAILS; H E G O E T H A B O U T W I T H HIS las vnas y los que tracn las manos al
I J Z T I T Z I N QUJTLANQUATINEMJ,
HANDS F O R M I N G A NECKLACE
cuello. Por methaphora se dize. I k los
IMATZIN QUJMOCOZCATITINEMJ.
pobres hambrientos y muy nccessilados
This saying was said of those who Injn tlatolli, intechpa mjtoaia: in
dezian desta manera. Haz misericords
lived humbly — the n e e d y . It w a s said: m o c n o n e m j d a , in jcnotJaca: mjtoaia. con los huerfanos y con los fxyhres que
"Have mercy upon t h e needy, t h e poor, Xictlaocoli in jcnodacatl, in motolinja anda muertos de hambre y ruyendo sus
who go about g n a w i n g 1 1 their finger- in ijzdtzin qujmotlanqualddnemj, in vnas, traen las manos cruzadas Jelante
nails, who go about w i t h their hands jmatzin qujmocozcatitinemj: in tcchi- los pechos por la grande inopia, y an
forming necklaces, w h o w a n d e r from nantitlan, in tequjiaoac monenemjda. dan dcmandanJo dc pucrta en pucrta.
one's enclosure to one's entrance.
Esta letra qujere dezir. Eres nul
ATITLANOHOTZALL!, ATITLAZCALTILI, criado, y mal diciplinado y mal mjraJo.
ART T H O U N O T A D M O N I S H E D , A R T T H O U
AT1TLAOAPAOALLI, ATIMVZCALIA, Esto sc dize: dc los tochos y bouos y
^INSTRUCTED, UNREARED, UNTRAINED,
AT1TLACHIA? mal criados, por uja dc reprehension, es
DISREGARDED? . , Injn tlatolli, itcchpa mjtoaia: in amo possible que tu padre y tu madre no
This saying was said o f t h e untrained, muzcalia, in amo tlachia, xolopitli, amo te doctrinaron? no te ensenaron como
the disregarded, the stupid, t h e 0 * tlacaquj: ilviloia. Nelli mach amo mo- as dc viujr?
heeded not. H e was t o l d : 1 ^ n i s h nan, mota mjtznonotz, amo mjtzizcali
not thy m o t h e r , thy father M in quenjn tinemjz, atitlanonotzalli, ati-
tlazcaltili, addaoapaoalli.
thee, train thee h o w t h o u i j r j f t

Thou are not admonished,

Esta letra qujere dezir. De verdad
uninstructed, u n r e a r e d . dene ojos, dc verdad tiene orcjas. Por
VEL IXE, VEL NACACE:
methaphora qujere dezir: es persona
qujtoznequj: in aqujn cenca muzca-
VERILY HE HATI prudente y sabia habil y cspcrta.
lia, m u c h i vel qujtta, muchi veJ qujca-
VERII-V H E HATH C U CCED.
quj: moteneoa vei ixe, vel nacace: amo
I t means o n e w h o ^ h ^ f cyc5,
tie iztlacatlatolli qujcaquj, gan vel nel-
who can see ail, w ycriiy no
tiliztli in qujcuj.
is named [ o n e H c the
who verily has ^ taRcs Qujere dezir esta letra. Legitimo
deceitful words, IvitAS TECUJUTL, senorio, legitimo reyno. Dizesse: de
truth. IVIAN TLATOCA lUTL. aquellos senores que alcangarun sus
.. GOVERNING
PEACBFVV
Injn tlatolli, itechpa mjtoaia: in senorios por legitima election y son
PEACEFUL * ^ h i m w h o
aqujn veliatocati, ivian in tecuti, pilti, verdaderos seilores que ami a sus sub-
' rr vVH S . . cenca mjmati, cenca tlachia, cenca moz- ditos y mas a los mas pobres: dizesse
T h i s say^K w h o was a peaceful calia, ccnca tetlagotla, cenca temavizti- tambien dc los pilles, y senadores, y
governed very prudent. very lia: ioan aiac qujtelchioa in motolinja: valientes hōbrcs, que su nombre le
l o r d , n o b I cc Cn t l v C r y discreet, who loved manel ixpupuiotzin, macuecuetzin, vila-
circutnsp 'respc much. And
C t e 6 others ganaron con hazanas y valentias, segun
others, n 0 a n e who was poor, even
tzin, quapupultzin, itzotzomatzin, icno-
h e b*11 he were blind, maimed of hand,

tho " qtiimotlanquasitincmi. 279


pestilence, or death." Hence he was
told: " [ I f ] I proceed lazily, [ i f ] go
tired [of my work, our l o r d s ] glory,
his renown, will go to disappear.
O U R LORD BRINGETH COLD WATER,
ICY WATER, UPON US
This saying is said of the time when
our lord brings something upon us —
affliction, pain, or sickness, or famine.
Then it is said: "Our lord hath brought
cold water, icy water, upon us. Our
ears, our flanks have been tugged. Our
lord hath pierced us, hath admonished
us with that which is like a thorn, a
bone awl."
T H O U HAST CAST T H Y S E L F INTO THE
TORRENT; THOU HAST CAST T H Y S E L F
FROM THE CRAG
It means: "Thou hast placed thy-
self in danger; no one hath placed thee
in danger"— [said to] him who brings
about that which is not good, perhaps
death, or that which is difficult, which
frightens one, the impossible.
T H E STIRRED DRINK, THE
FOLDED TORTILLA
iTiis saying was said of him who was
anguished, perhaps a ruler or a noble-
man. Hc was told: "Be not anguished.
May thou not leave the stirred drink,
the folded tortilla.10 Take, lay hold of
a little. Do not leave it. Thy anguish
will become a grave sickness."
T H E NIGHT, THE WIND, T H E
SORCERER, OUR LORD
This saying was said of the demon
Tezcatlipoca. It was said: "Can per-
chance Tczcatlipoca, can Uitzilopochdi
as personages speak to you? For they
take a form only like that of the wind
and the night. Can they perchance as
personages speak to you?"
I T IS SLICK, IT IS SLIPPERY BEFORE THE
REED MAT, THE REED SEAT; I T IS T H E
PLACE OF NO DEPARTURE, T H E
PLACE OF NO E X I T
It means, it cannot be a place of
refuge; no one can escape the presence
of the ruler.
10. Read tlamatzoaltzintli.
mjqujztli: ic ilviloia. Ca nontlatzivi-
tiuh, ca nonciavitiuh, ompolivitiuh in
jtlciotzin, in jmaviziotzin.
I N ATL ITZTIC, IN ATL CECEC TOPAN
QUJCHIOA IN TOTECUJO.
Injn tlatolli, itechpa mjtoa: in jquac
itla topan qujmuchivilia in totecujo, in
tctolinj, in tecoco, in ano$o cocoliztli, in
ano^o maianaliztli: iquac mjtoa. Oto-
pan qujmuchivili in totecujo, in atl itz-
tic, in atl cecec: tonacaztitech, toiomo-
tlan onmopipilo, ano^o in juhquj vitz-
di, in juhquj omjtl, ic techmo^olia,
ic techmononochilia in totecujo.
OTIMATOIAVI, O T I M O T E P E X I U J :
qujtoznequj: otimovitili, aiac omjtz-
ovitili: in aqujn tlein qujchioa amo
qualli, a$o mjqujztli: ano^o in tlein
ovi, temamauhti, amo chioalonj.
I N AMOIAOALLI, IN
TLAMATZOALLI.
Injn tlatolli, itechpa mjtoa: in aqujn
motequjpachotica in a$o datoanj, ano^o
pilli: ylviloia. Macamo ximotequjpa-
chotzino, ma ic ticmocavili in amoiaoal-
tzintli, in tlamotzoaltzintli: in achitzin
ma xoconmocujli, ma xoconmanjli, ma-
camo xicmocavili: ilhviz cocolizdi mo-
cuepaz in monetequjpachol.
I N IOOALLI, I N E H E C A T L Y Esta letra qujere dezir: La noche o
NAOALLI IN TOTECUJO.
Injn tlatolli, itechpa mjtoaia: in da-
cateculotl Tezcatlipuca: mjtoaia. Cujx
vel amechnotzaz in tlacatl in Tezcad-
ipuca, in Vitzilopuchtli: ca $an juhquj
in ehecatl, auh in iooalli qujmonaoal-
ua: cujx vel amechtlacanotzaz.
TLAALAOA, TLAPETZCAVI IN JXPAN
PETLATL, I C P A L U : AQUJNEUHIAN,
AQUJXOAIAN:
qujtoznequj: amo vel nemaqujxdlo-
ian: aiac vel ixpan momaqujxtia in da-
280
Qujere dezir esta letra. Agua fria,
agua elada embia nro senor. Por metha-
phora se dize esto: de la pestilencia o
hambre o otras aflictiones que embia
nro senor para nuestro castigo: entonce
dizen yn atl itztic in ad cecec topi
qujchioa totecujo. Afligenos nro senor
como con agua fria y con agua elada.
Qujere dezir esta letra. tu mjsmo te
as arrojado en vna barraca, tu mjsmo
te as despenado de vn rrisco abaxo.
Por metaphora se dize: del que cayo
por su culpa y de su volutad en algun
gran crimen o peligro de muerte de
donde nadie le puede librar: a este tal
dize odmatoiahuj otimotepexihuj. Arro-
jastete en vna barraca o en vna sima.
Esta letra qujere dezir: la comjda la
beujda: dizesse por methaphora. Del
que por alguna tristeza nj come nj beue
nj duerme nj se qujere alegrar a este tal
consolandole sus amjgos dizenle. No
dexeys la comjda, nj la beujda, alegraos
corned y beued y dormjd porque no
caiays en alguna emfermedad, de que
no os pueda remediar.
obscuridad y el que se trasfigura en
diuersas formas. Por methaphora qujere
dezir. El dios tezcadipuca o por mejor
dezir diablo. Por uentura hablaros a
como persona y vitzilopuchdi, hablaros
a como persona: no es possible, sino
como ayre, y toma figura de obscuridad.
Dize esta letra. Resbalan y deslizanse
muchos en presencia del trono y del
estrado y nadie se escapa. Por metha-
phora qujere dezir: el que caye en la
yra del senor o reyno, [no] se puede
escapar de sus manos.
 rh or a maiden; one not yet an old
telpuchtli, anexjo ichpuchtli, in aiamo
tn one not yet an old woman. He veve, in aiamo ilama: ilviloia, dacaoal- vino siendo maccbos o mo^as o mucha-
^s told, he was reprimanded: "Leave
tiloia. Xiccaoa in Utelpuchtondi, in chos o muchachas porque no se vsaua
alone; thou art a boy, thou art a girl.
it
tichpuchtontli, in ic uel ticmocujdavia bcucr hasta la vcjez y a los que antes lo
Take great care of the drinking cup, of
y tetlaoan yn apaztli: qujtoznequj: in bcujan dezianlos, Xiccaoa yn tetlaoan in
foe earthen basin, that is, the maguey octli, in ie cuel tidatlaoana: cujx tivc- apaztli qujere dezir. Dexa de bcucr el
wine. Soon thou art a continuous venton, cujx tilamaton: ca tipiltontli. vino o vctli ca vn fca aun] no ticncs
drinker. Art thou an old man? Art edad para ello.
thou an old woman? Verily, thou art a
child."

THERE HATH B E E N P L A C E D U P O N THEE

THAT W H I C H IS V E R Y T H I C K ,
WHICH IS W E L L
This saying was said of him who had
been admonished, whether a nobleman
or a commoner. T h u s was he encour-
aged. He was told: " N o w thou hast
taken, thou hast grasped, the most pre-
cious discourse, and upon thee hath
been placed that which is thick, that
which is twisted; about thy neck there
hath been placed a rope."
OTONTLALILILOC IN VEL Esta letra qujere dezir. Ate sido
THAT
CHAMAOAC, IN VEL puesta vna soga muy grucsa y muy
TWISTED
TETZILIUHQUJ. rczia. Y por methaphora dezianlo: de
Injn tlatolli itechpa mjtoaia: in aqujn aquel Jos a qujen les dauan algun officio
nonotzaloia in ago pilli, in anojo macc- dc la republica, para que se esfof\"arscn
oalli, ic ellaquaoaloia: ilviloia. In axcan [sic] a hazcrlo con diligencia. Otontla-
otoconcujc, otoconan in vclla^odi da- lililoc in vel chamaoac in tetziliuhquj:
tolli: ioan otondalililoc in chamaoac, qujere dezir. Ante dado esse cargo,
in tetziliuhquj, otontlalililoc mccatl in esfucr^ate a hazcr lo con diligencia y
piensa que estas atado con vna soga
moquechtlan.
gruessa. y rezia.

PoLLOCOTLI, fACAQUALLi: Qujere dezir esta Jctra. Abrosos y

CHAFF, STRAW espinas. Por methaphora se dize de Jos
qujtoznequj: in tlcin amo qualli,
It means that which is not good, not quc son revuJtosos y perturb! la pjz
a m o icctli, izdacaulizdi: ic ylviloia in'
righteous; a lie. T h u s it was said of de la republica con metiras [sicJ, y con
aqujn qujehioaia datlaculli, atcdanemj-
him who committed a fault, an ill- murmuraciones, y a los tales reprehen-
liztli. in jzdacatilizdi. Ca omutech mu-
advised act, [who told] a lie: "On thee dianJos diziendo. Ca motech omochiuh
chiuh, in aqualli, in aicctli: in juhquj
in ^aquaJJi poJJocorli qujere dezir. De
hath come evil, unrighteousness; like qacaqualli, in juhquj pollocodi, izda-
ti saJio esta turbacion porque errs vn
straw, like chaff, it is a lie." T o him catilizdi. In aqujn gan qujxcavia quj-
mentiroso y reboltoso.
who was given only to - who o c c u p y motcqujtia iztlacatilizdi: ilviloia. Pol-
himself with—lies, it was told: J locodi, gacaqualli motlaqual, tizdaca-
straw, are thy food. Thou art a tinj, tetlatincmjnj.

meddler." Qujere dezir esta letra. Con njnguna

ACAN ATL IC TIMALTIZ, agua te podras lauar. Por methaphora
TER WITH WHICH
NOWHERE IS THERE WA ^ W J TH se dezia: de aquel que auja hecho
IC TIMOCHIPAOAZ.
algun peccado grauc con que se infarno
THOU WILT BATHE T H J * Injn datolli, ilviloia in aqujn tlcin
de hurto o de adulterio: cl qual era ya
WHICH THOU W.UT C U - WHO D.A amo quaIJi oqujchiuh: a^o oychtec, ago
publico dezianle: Cujx $an cana ad yc
otetJaxin: iiiJviloia. Quen oc timuchi-
T h i s saying ^ f ^ £ £ timaaltiz. Qujere dezir. No le labaras
oaz: ie omachoc in motladacul, cujx
that w h i c h is ^ lultcry. ' c do? deste infamja con njnguna agua.
qan cana atl yc timaltiz, ic timuchipa-
stolen o r c o ^ f £ wilt th£>
oaz: tJe tiez, tie oc timuchioaz: timo-
told:13 " W h f V ^ k " ^ * w h k h
tolinja.
Already thy ^ ^ f j t h ^ieh
perchance ^ y s d ' w h a t w.lt

thou wilt P^
thou be? J f o r c u ^ t c " TOIOMOTLAN, TONACAZTITECH
Esta letra qujere dezir. Nro senor
The- » rt
NTlN u r , H ro rue MOPIPILOA IN TOTECUJO.
nos a pelli2cado en la oreja o en el
u 0 cor*rl OUR EARS Injn tlatolli, itechpa mjtoaia: in hombro. Por methaphora sc dize.
o u * s
A
aid When our lord jquac itla topan qujmuchivilia totecujo: Quando se hielan los mantenjmjentos
. befall us. Perhaps

iluiloya. 281

crippled, disheveled, in rags, needy —
one whose sustenance appeared not,
one for whom that which was to
hang about his waist, about his neck
appeared not; one who loitered at one's
enclosure, at one's entrance; one who
went extending his hand at others'
entrances, by others' walls: the poor,
the destitute.
HEART, BLOOD
This saying was said of cacao, be-
cause it was precious; nowhere did it
appear in times past. The common
folk, the needy did not drink it. Hence
it was said: "The heart, the blood are
to be feared." And also it was said of
it that it was [like] jimson weed; it
was considered to be like the mush-
room,12 for it made one drunk; it in-
toxicated one. If he who drank it were
a common person, it was taken as a
bad omen. And in times past only the
ruler drank it, or a great warrior, or a
commanding general, a general. If per-
haps two or three lived in wealth, they
drank it. Also it was hard to come by;
they drank a limited amount of cacao,
for it was not drunk unthinkingly.
WITH EAGLES, W I T H OCELOTS
This saying was said of warfare, be-
cause the noblemen could not be praised
— [one could not be) honored if he
were not one who went to war, if he
were not a brave man, if he were not a
brave warrior, if he were not a taker
of captives. Likewise the commoner:
only with eagles, with ocelots did he
succeed, was he honored, praised. And
furthermore, likewise the rich one, the
prosperous one, perhaps the bather of
slaves also succeeded in the same way.
Although not a brave warrior, only
because of his property was he praised,
because many times he invited others to
banquet, hc gave gifts to others.
T H E DRINKING CUP, T H E EARTHEN
BASIN; THAT IS, MAGUEY W I N E
This saying was said of him who
dru*k,
camc whether a child, a
12. Read nanacatl.
tlacatl, in aoalncci in jcochca, in jneuh-
ca: auh in aoalncci in jquczpan pilcaz,
in jqucchtlan onpilcaz, in techinanti-
dan, in tequjiaoac moquequctza, in
jmatzin qujmantinemj in tequjiaoatla,
in tccaltech, in aoneoa, in aonmaci.
IOLLOTLI, EZTLI.
Injn datolli, itechpa mjtoaia in cacao-
ad: iehica ca tlagotli catca, acan necia
in ie vecauh: amo quja in maceoaltzin-
tli, in jcnotlacatl: ipampa in mjtoaia:
Iollotli, eztli, imacaxonj: auh no itechpa
mjtoaia, ca mjxitl, ca dapad, ca iuhquj
in nanaoad ipan mornati: ca teivind,
ca texocomjcti: in aqujn qujia: inda
maceoalli: cenca tetzammachoia: auh
gan in quja ic uccauh: iehoatl in da-
toanj, anogo in vci dacauh, anogo daca-
teccatl, dacochcalcatl, in ago vme, ago
ey cacitinemj, ichoan qujia: gan no vei
necia, ca gan tlapoalLi in cacaoad quija:
ca amo gan jliviz in mjia.
QUAUHIOTICA, OCELOIOTICA:
Injn tlatolli, mjtoaia: itechpa in iao-
iud: iehica in pipiki amo vel teneoa-
loia, maviztililoia: indacamo iauc ianj,
indacamo oqujchtli, indacamo dacauh,
indacamo tlamanj: gan no iuhquj in
maceoalli: ca gan quauhiodca, oceloio-
tica in pavetzia, in maviztililoia, in
teneoaloia: auh tel no iuhquj in moda-
machtianj, in mocujltonoanj: in ago
tealtianj, no ic pavetzia: macanelmo
tiacauh, gan datqujtica in iecteneoaloia:
iehica ca mjiecpa tecoanotza, tetlauhtia.
I N T E T L A O A N , IN APAZTLI:
. QUJTOZNEQUJ: OCTLI.
Injn tlatolli, intechpa mjtoaia.
282
que estaua ordenado por las leyes de la
republica.
Esta letra qujere dezir. Coragon
sangre. Por methaphora se dezia. Del
cacao que solamente le vsauan veuer
los senores y senadores valientes hom-
bres y nobles y generosos: porque valia
muy caro y auja muy poco: si alguno
de los populares lo beuja costauale la
vida si sin licencia lo bcujan: por esta se
llamaua iollotli iezdi, precio de sangre
y de coragon.
Dize esta letra. Con agujlas y Co
dgres se gano. Qujere dezir por metha-
phora: ganose con fuerga de agujla y
de Ugre: y dizesse de qualqujera dig-
njdad de la republica, que se gano: con
trabajos y de la mercaderia o trato o
con trabajos de la agricultura: de raa-
nera que el senor dira Quauhtica oce-
lodca onjcnexu y datocaiutl. Con tra-
bajos de la guerra vine a ser senor y el
tecutli o tiacauh dize. Quauhtica ocelo-
Uca dize Con trabajos de la guerra
gane la dignjdad que tengo: el mer-
cader rico y estimado tambien dira. Con
trabajos gane hazienda y la estima que
tengo: lo mesmo dira el hombre rico,
que es labrador. Quauhtica ocelotica
onjenexti. Con trabajos y serujeios vine
a ser lo que soy. Tambien se dira de
alguna proujneia o reyno que se gano
por fuerga de armas.
• Esta letra qujere dezir. Vino de la
Uerra con que se envorracha. Era repre-
hension para todos los que beujan: este
 IT HATH R U I N E D O N E ; IT
DIRTIED ONE
This saying was said of the evil man-
ner of conduct, not alone of words. It
was said if some nobleman or lord
spokc vainly, like a dog, vainly as if
assaulting one with words. It was said
— he was told, that he m i g h t be re-
strained: "Cease thy words. Speak not
like a commoner. W h a t thou sayest
hath ruined one, hath dirtied one."
Or14 of that which was a fault — per-
haps adultery or theft — he who did it
thus was admonished, was told: " I t
is not necessary for thee to commit this
fault, for by it thou dost ruin thyself,
dirty thyself. It is not the way of living,
not the way of being; it is not good, not
righteous. Stop it. N o t thus did the
ancient ones go living when they went
leaving thee. Calmly, peaceably did
they go living when they went leaving
thee among others."
I SHALL P L A C E T H E E TO M Y
IN MY OBSIDIAN SANDALS
This saying was said when some
ruler thus exhorted one. He said:
"Thou, thou who art either a noble-
man or a lord, stand near me, at my
left, in my obsidian sandals. Thou wilt
be to the left of me, in my obsidian san-
dals. If thou takest care, if ^ 0 ^
discreet,15 [if thou] live* J * ^ m y
wilt place thyself to my * ^ ^ nequj: ticpalevia, ago tecutlato qujhl-
obsidian sandals." And ais< ^ ^ j f
supplicated whoever [act < < T h o l l yet
of] the ruler; he was toi • ^
»a n des, on the k f c
dais of the ruler. * dge
aidest him."
the c o m m a n d , S P °
ruler.
THEXH HC SAM*
This m f n 5
A "
their red-
H»AV« RENT
T ^ U * » ; said OF the very
, y i n g . ^ ' h a p p e n e d , of that
Th* $ rnot- very
y often, as
Our Lord is received.
n 1 - --
^ anofo-
- t riding may be x>mozcalta-, the MS is blurred here.
l Am co**
I*-
HATH
TEI9OLO, TECATZAUH.
Qujere dezir esta letra. Cosa que
Injn tlatolli, itechpa mjtoa: in amo ensuzia y amanzilla. Y por methaphora
qualli nemjliztli, a ? a tlatoluca: mjtoaia qujere dezir. Toda mala crianfa que se
intla aca pilli, ano^o tecutli in fan iliviz dize de palabra o toda obra fea que se
tlatoa, in juhquj chichi, in fan jliviz haze al que lo haze o dize: dizenle.
Ca tecatzauh, ca teyfolo in tiqujtoa in
iuhquj tequaquaduetzi tlatoluca: mj-
ucchioa. Qujere dezir. Esso que dizes
toaia, ilviloia injc tlacaoaluloia. Xiccaoa
o hazes es cosa fea, y es cosa de mal
in modatol: macamo ximacevallato, in
tiqujtoa ca teifolo, ca tecatzauh: anoco exeplo, y con ella te ensuzias y te in-
famas a ti mjsmo.
in dein datlaculli: afo tedaximalizdi,
anofo ichtequjlizdi: ic nonotzaloia in
aqujn qujehioaia: ylviloia. Injn dada-
culli camo monequj in dcchioaz: ca ic
dmjfoloa ic umocatzaoa, amo nemo-
oanj, amo ielooanj, amo iecdi, amo
qualli: xiccaoa camo iuh nenuvi in
mjtzcauhdvi in vevetque, ca fan jvian,
ca fan iocuxca in nentivi, in mjtzcauh-
dvi, in tedoc, in tenaoac.
NOPUCHCO, NJTZCAC
Qujere dezir esta letra. A mi sin/es
LEFT,
NJMJTZTLAL1Z.
tra y dehaxo de mj subacco, te pond re.
Injn tlatolli, itcchpa mjtoaia: in Por methaphora qujere dezir. Serai el
jquac aca tlatoanj ic tenonotzaia: quj- mas allegado a mj de todos seraj otro
toaia. In tehoatl in ago tipilli, ago dte- yo: esto dezia el senor a algun pilli o
tecutli seyme \sic\ fie! que yo te hare
cutli: veJ ximoquctza nonaoac, no-
puchco, njtzcac: tincchopuchtiz, tinech- mj segudo. Tambien la otra gete dezia:
itzcactiz, intla xitlachia intla timozca- al que vian que era mas allegado al
lia: vel xincmj, nopuchco, njtzcac, timo- senor y era como su ynterprete daua las
respuestas de lo que el queria que se
tlaliz. no yoan ic tladauhtiloia, in aqujn
hiziesse, a este dezian: tienele dehaxo
tlatoanj: ilhviloia. Oc yopuchco, oc
itzcac timoquctza in tlatoanj: qujtoz- de su bra^o izqujerdo. y en su sobacco
nuestro senor o nuestro rey.
joqujxtia, qujtalhvia in jtlatol tlatoanj.
.ss«£
" "
IMAMUX, INTLACDJLOU
Qujere dezir esta letra. Su libro v sus
. ^an ie no iehoad qujtoznequj. Intlil. escrituras. Y por metaphor* qu/cre
dezir: las costubres y leves de los an-
intla pal.
tiguos.
Qujere dezir esta letra. Abrese eJ
MATZAIANJ IN JLVICATL,
TENTLAPANJ IN TLALLI
cielo y rrompese la tierra. Por metha-
phora qujere dezir: hazese vna mara-
Injn datolli, itechpa mjtovaia: in
ujlla y vn mjllagro nunca visto nj oydo
dein cenca maviztic muchioaia, in jtech-
eta. Vi supra.
pa in aic cenca muchioa: in juhquj
iquac celilo totecujo inacaiotzin: iuh
283

frost consumed our maize, or there was
famine. O f this it was said: " O u r lord
hath tugged at our cars; he hath con-
tinued to tug at our flank."
T H O U HAST UNDERTAKEN TO SHOULDER
A BUNDLE OF P E O P L E , A CARRYING
FRAME LOAD OF P E O P L E
This saying was said of him who had
been installed as a ruler or set up as a
lord. Thus was he told: "Thou hast
undertaken to shoulder a bundle of
people, a carrying frame load of people.
Thou wilt find heavy, thou wilt find
tiring the common folk, for great is the
burden which thou hast shouldered,
which thou hast undertaken. What
will our lord ordain for tomorrow, for
the next day? Perhaps castigation?"
THE TORRENT HATH WASHED AWAY
T H E ROCK, T H E LOG
This saying was said of a very great
work, of a task, of misery; when a
task and perhaps pestilence oppressed,
afflicted the people exceedingly.
THE BLACK, T H E RED OF
T H E A N C I E N T ONES
This saying was said of the customs
of the ancient ones—that which they
left established, a way of life. All lived
a c c o r d i n g l y . If all lived not accord-
ingly, it was thus said: "May the black,
the red of the ancient ones, that is, the
customs, perish not." Or: "Why do
you destroy the way of life, the black,
the red of our grandfathers, the ancient
THE T W I G S , T H E STRAW BEDS
OF T H E ANCIENT ONES
This saying was said in reference
to the first time the ancient Chichi-
meca came to arrive, when still in the
forest, still in the grassy plains they
laid out their twigs, their straw beds.
It was said: "There for the first time
our progenitors, our grandfathers, the
Chichimeca, arranged their beds of
straw, their beds of twigs when they
departed. For they lived settling in the
forest, in the grassy plains when they
were still patches of brambles, patches
of cactus."
ago ced q u j q u a in tonacaiotl, ago maia-
naliztli: ic mjtoaia: Otonacazdtech
mopilo in totecujo: toiomodan omopi-
pilo.
IN T L A C A Q U J M J L L I , IN
TLACACACAXTLI, OYTLAN
TONAC OTOCONMAMA.
Injn tlatolli, itechpa mjtoaia: in
aqujn tlatocatlalilo, anogo tecuteco: ic
ilviloia. Oytlan tonac, otoconmama in
tlacaqujmjlli, in tlacacacaxtli dqueuci-
viz, ticcianmjqujz in cujtlapilli, in atla-
palli: ca vei tlamamalli yn otocon-
mama, in oidan tonac: quen conmone-
qujldz in totecujo yn muzda, in viptla,
ac ago tie in tetl, yn quavid.
TETL OATOCOC, QUAVITL
OATOCOC.
Injn tlatolli, itechpa mjtoaia: in cen-
ca vei tequjuliztli, in tlatequjpanolizdi,
in netolinjliztli, in cenca tetequjpacho,
tetolinj datequjpanoliztli: ioan in ago
vei cocoliztli.
I N T L I L , INTLAPAL IN
VEVETQUE:
Injn tlatolli, itechpa mjtoaia: in jn-
tlamanjuiiz in vevetque, in tlein oquj-
tlaliteoaque nemjliztli, gan ipan nemoa,
acanogomo ipan nemoa: ic mjtoaia.
Macamo poliviz in jntlil, yn jntlapal in
vevetque: qujtoznequj: in tlamanju-
lizdi: anogo. TIeica in anqujpoloa in
nemjliztli, yn jntlil, in jndapal tocolvan,
vevetque.
INTLACOUH, IN9ACAPECH
IN VEVETQUE.
Injn tlatolli, itechpa mjtoaia: injc
iancujcan acico chichimeca vevetque, in
oc quauhtla, in oc gacatla oqujtenque
in jndacouh, in jngacapech: mjtoaia.
Vncan iancujcan oqujtecateoaque in
jngacapech, in jntlacopech in totechiuh-
caoan, in tocolvan in chichimeca: injc
quauhutlan, gacaudan motetecatinen-
que, in oc tzivactla, in oc nequameda.
284
o por otra ocasion viene habre dizen.
Otonacazdtech mopillo in totecujo: to-
iomotlā omopillo. Nro senor a hecho
esto por castigarnos.
Qujere dezir esta letra. Carga de
pcrsonas o cacaxtli en que se lleua per-
sonas a cuestas. Dizesse por metha-
phora: dc aquellos que les an dado
cargo de rcgir la republica para encare-
cerlos su officio que es pesado dizenles.
Oydan tonac, otoconmama in dacaquj-
mjlli yn daca, cacaxtli. As tornado
cargo de lleuar a cuestas a la gente
popular y a toda la republica.
Qujere dezir esta letra: lleuo el agua
las piedras y los maderos por su gran
impetu. Por methaphora se dize esto:
quando algun gran trabajo se recrece a
la republica con el qual muchos son
afligidos.
Qujere dezir esta letra. Esto dexaron
escripto o pintado o por memoria los
anuguos. Esto se dize: de las leyes y
costumbres que dexaron los anuguos en
la republica: y quando no se haze asi
como ellos lo dexaron dizen: Macamo
polihujz in jntlil yn jntlapal in veuet-
que. Qujere dezir. Y no conviene que
se pierdan las costumbres que dexaron
los andguos.
Qujere dezir esta letra. Esta es la
brena y ^acadatl de los andguos. Por
methaphora qujere dezir. Aquj en este
lugar que era brenas y gacatlales se
poblaron primeramente nuestros ante-
pasados, aquj hizieron primeramete sus
casas de mjmbres y sus camas de gacate
o heno.

So ic is said: "Now a great marvel is
come to pass. The heavens open, the
earth is rent. Let no one cause laugh-
ter; let no one cause rejoicing. Let all
he afraid, stand afraid, be trembling,
stand trembling, before the deity, the
ruler."
T H O U TAKEST REFUGE IN T H E
CORNER, IN T H E DARKNESS
This saying was said when someone
was experienced or able, a well-known
nobleman or lord, and later destroyed
his renown. Perhaps hc just went off
somewhere. No more did he sit among
the noblemen or the lords. No more
did he appear anywhere; hc just went
about hiding himself. He who thus did
was told: "Why dost thou just wander
anywhere, no more showing thyself
anywhere? Why of thine own will dost
thou take refuge in the corner, in the
darkness?" It means: "Thou goest
about hiding thyself, no longer appear-
ing in public, no longer showing thy-
self anywhere in order to serve, to work
for, the city. Just of thine own will
dost thou ruin thyself, destroy thy re-
nown. Thou acknowledgest thyself a
fool just lying in the corner, in the
darkness."
This was translated into the Spanish
language by the said Father, Fray Ber-
nardino de Sahagun, in this year of
1577, thirty years after it had been
written in the Mexican language.
End of the Sixth Book.
John F. Kennedy Memorial Library
California State University, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California 90032-8300
mjtoa. In axcan cenca tlamavigolli in
muchioa: matzaianj in jlvicatl, tentla-
panj in tlalli: macaiac vctzcatia, maca-
iac maviltitia: ma muchi tlacatl mauhca
ic, mauhca ica, viviiocatie, viviiocatica
in ijxpantzinco teoutl, tlatoanj.
XOMOLLI, TLAIOOALLI Esta letra qujere dezir. Estaste al
TICMOTOCTIA. r r i n c o n y al [sic] o b s c u r i d a d . Por
methaphora se dezia esto: de aquel que
I n j n datolli, itechpa m j t o a i a : in
auja sido official o principal en la re-
jquac aca ixdamati, anogo mozcalianj,
publica y es habil para qualqujera cosa
iximachopilli, anogo tecudi: auh gate-
y por alguna desgracia o por su humjl-
pan qujpoloa in jmavizio, ago ga cam pa
dad se aparto de la conuersacion de los
n c n e m j : aiocmo intlan modalia in pi-
del palacio y de los senadores y del
pilti, anogo tlatoquc: aioccan monextia,
senor y se esta en su casa a este tal sus
ga motJatlatitincmj: in a q u j n iuh q u j -
a m j g o s le dezia tie ypampa in ga mono-
chioaia, yn: ilviloia. T i e ipampa in ga
ma xomolli daioalli ticmotoctia: qujere
canjn tinenemj: in aioccan timonextia,
d e z i r . P o r q u e te escondes y huyes de
tie ipampa in ga monoma xomolli, da-
la conuersacion de los principales, y no
iooalli ticmotoctia: q u j t o z n e q u j : timo-
q u j e r e s parccer donde estan, n j qujercs
tlatlatitincmj, aiocmo tcixpan tincci,
t o m a r a l g u n officio de la republica: en
aioccan timonextia injc t i m o t i u d a n j z ,
esto te deshonrras a ti m j s m o , y das a
injc titlatcqujpanoz in jtcchpa altepetl:
e n t e n d e r q u e n o vales nada.
gan monoma timopopoloa, ticpoloa in
momavizio, timoxolopicujtia: ga xo
mulco, ga tlaiooaian tivctztoc.
Fue traduzido en lengua espanola
por el d i c h o padre F r a y bernardino de
s a h a g u n : despues de treynta anos, que
se e s c r i u j o en la lengua m e x i c a n a : este
a n o de mjll y q u j n j e n t o s y seteta y
siete.
F i n del l i b r o sexto
5151 State University Drive
260