Pertemuan ke-2 : NOUN

Noun is nouns are often described as referring to persons, places, things,

states, or qualities, and the word noun is itself often used as an attributive
modifier, as in noun compound; noun group. See also noun adjunct, noun clause,
noun phrase.

Noun is a words (other than a pronoun) used to identify any of a class of

people, places, or things common noun, or to name a particular one of these
proper noun.

Nouns have sometimes been defined in terms of the grammatical

categories to which they are subject (classed by gender, inflected for case and
number). Such definitions tend to be language-specific, since nouns do not have
the same categories in all languages.

e.g :

- The cat sat on the mat.

- Please hand in your assignments by the end of the week.
- Clean lines is next to godliness.
- Plato was an influential philosopher in ancient Greece.
- Please complete this assignment with black or blue pen only, and keep
your eyes on your own paper.
Example is ungrammatical :
a. The name
b. The baptize
c. Constant circulation
d. Constant circulate
e. A fright
f. An afraid
g. Terrible fright
h. Terrible afraid
 A noun is a words that functions as the name of some specific thing or set
of things, such as living creatures, objects, places and actions.

1. Noun Clause

A dependent clause that functions as a noun (that is, as a subject, object, or

complement) within a sentence. Also known as a nominal clause.

Two common types of noun clause in English are that-clauses and wh-
clauses.

2. Noun Phrase

A noun phrase or nominal phrase (abbreviated NP) is a phrase which has a

noun (or indefinite pronoun) as its head word, or which performs the same
grammatical function as such a phrase. Noun phrases are very common cross-
linguistically, and they may be the most frequently occurring phrase type.

Noun phrases often function as verb subjects and objects, as predicative

expressions, and as the complements of prepositions. Noun phrases can be
embedded inside each other; for instance, the noun phrase some of his constituents
contains the shorter noun phrase his constituents.

3. Abstract Noun

Abstract noun that can not be seen by the senses or noun invented (to ...
an).

4. Concreat Noun

Concrete nouns are things that you can experience through your five
senses: sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch. Concrete noun divided in two part
that is seem and un-seem. Seem (real) like dog, music,etc. un-seem (abstract) like
ghost,etc. in seem and un-seem divided into countable noun and uncountable
noun.
 Countable noun is a noun that can be computed by itself, while
uncountable noun is something that can be calculated with a rate as water, oxygen,
wind, kilograms, liters and more.

Count/single/plural

A book books

A box boxes

An ox oxes

A child children

A man men

A boy boys

A girl girls

- category of count and uncount

 Some = books, women, water, money can enter two part that is countable
and uncountable noun.
 Many/much = books, much water.
 A lot of = many or much.
5. Noun Phrase

A phrase is one word or more in the sentences that faced one function as
like, subject only, predicate only, object only, complement only, or adverbial only.

Phrase = - NP, VP, AP, ADV P, PP.

S P O C A

NP VP NP NP NP

Complement = subject (NP), object (NP), sentence (PP).

6. Noun Clause

Group of function which have a meaning which in the end with ( ., !, ?).

- Sebagai pengisi subjek, objek dan komplemen.

Clause = NC, Adv C, AC.

Example :

 What you bought yesterday is very interesting.

S P S.C

( a book like novel).

Noun clauses are subordinate clauses that are used like nouns--as subjects,
objects, and complements. Before looking at the grammar of noun clauses, please
analyze the following examples carefully.

A noun clause can be used as the subject or the object in the following
forms:

e.g. What you think does not matter.

In this example, the noun clause is the subject of the sentence.

e.g. I don’t know what she thinks.

In this example, the noun clause is the object of the sentence.

A. Noun clauses can begin with …

1. … a question word:

where he lives

what one says

who the man is

 how she survives

2. … “whether” or “if”

whether she will stay

if she will stay

3. … a question word + TO infinitive

what to say

where to meet

4. … “that”

that he is innocent

that she knows three languages

e.g. That she worked hard for the whole term pleased her parents.

In this example, the whole that-clause is the subject of the sentence.

Instead of “that” we can also use the belief that, the fact that, the idea that,
the evidence that.

e.g. The fact that the economic growth rate is lower than the population growth
rate causes problems.

However, if the subject is too long, it may be difficult for the reader to
understand the sentence. To solve this problem, we use the introductory “it”,
which takes the position of the subject in the sentence and signals that a noun
clause is to follow.

e.g. Instead of

That she worked hard for the whole term pleased her parents.

we can write
It pleased her parents that she worked hard for the whole term.

Note that this pattern can be used only with “that” but not with “the idea
that / the fact that”.

B. Using subjunctive in noun clauses

A subjunctive verb is the simple form of a verb. Sentences with

subjunctive verbs generally stress importance or urgency.

e.g. I suggest (that) he see a doctor.

Negative form: not + simple form of the verb

e.g. I recommend that she not go to that movie.

Passive form: simple form of BE + past participle

e.g. It is essential that children be told the truth.

When the main verb of the sentence is in past form, the verb in the noun
clause is also in past form.

e.g. I suggested that he saw a doctor.

http://www.buowl.boun.edu.tr/students/grammar/writing%20guides/noun%20clau
ses.html.