DAVAO DOCTORS COLLEGE

Gen. Malvar St., Davao City

SHS – Grade 12

THE EFFECT OF BOILING WATER POINT AND FREEZING POINT ON THE

DISSOLUTION OF SOLIDS IN WATER

Submitted by:

Kier Capungcol

Vanessa Mae Jesuro

Japeth Ian Lopez

Jhulyn Pangilinan

Anne Sunga

Faith Tolentino

Christian Dave Vaquilar

November 22, 2017

INTRODUCTION

In every day’s life, people are expose to many things which they all know are
classified as matters. Since the first grade in the educational system internationally, topics
relating about matter are already been presented and been worth discussed; some of the
primary lessons about this are – its nature, composition, and the different states.
Furthermore, most of the time, people used the terms molecules and atoms interchangeably.
According to Floorwalker (2013), atoms comprise as the smallest particle of matter;
composed of sub-atomic particles namely, protons, neutrons, and electrons. Molecules,
meanwhile, are formed when atoms are grouped together.
Another topic relating to matter that is worth discussing is the movement of
particles in every state of matter. This movement is one of the factors that makes every
state of matter distinct from one another. The Kinetic Molecular Theory explains the
behavior of particles within the different states of matter (Nucum, 2017). Thus, matter is
composed of small particles that is in constant motion. To elaborate, the particles in gas
contain the highest kinetic energy among all of the other states, wherein in solid, it has the
lowest kinetic energy and particles are not freely moving.
The Kinetic Molecular Theory is supported by the Grand Unified Theory and the
Modern Atomic Theory. According to Sutton (2010), Grand Unified Theory attempts to
give a single explanation of the strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions between
subatomic particles. Therefore, it explains about the nature of protons, neutrons, and
electrons. Modern Atomic Theory, on the other hand, put an emphasis that all matter is
made up of tiny units or particles called atoms. This theory describes the characteristics,
structure, and behavior of atoms as well as the components that makes up atoms. These
theories will further discuss the essence of the very first activity cited on the book and its
correlation to the topic.
Activity 1.1: The effect of boiling point and freezing point on the dissolution of
solids in water is a laboratory experiment that mainly test the speed of hot water and cold
water to dissolve. It also differentiate the quickness of hot water from cold water to dissolve
the solute, which is the sugar – thus, in which water does the solvent dissolves the faster?
This laboratory experiment targets to show the motion of molecules when exposed to
different temperatures; a good activity that can preview the first lesson of the chapter one,
Kinetic Molecular Models of Solids and Liquids.
According to the American Association of the Advancement of Science last 2015,
temperature has a huge impact to the movement of molecules. This claim was supported
by the experiment conducted by the American Chemical Society (2017) where they
examined the molecular movement of cold water and hot water. On their evaluation, they
have found out that heating a liquid increases the speed of molecules. Additionally, an
increase in the speed of the molecules competes with the attraction between molecules
causing them to move apart. Therefore, if the liquid is cooled there will be a decrease in
the speed of the molecules which will allow attraction and bring them closer to one another.
 With the use of water as solvent and sugar as the solute, the stated facts above will
be tested and be proven in the experiment. Through heating and cooling the water, the
group aims to come up with the desired conclusions. They aim to determine the time spent
in dissolving solute like sugar in heated water and in a cooled one. Also, the group wants
to know which dissolves faster and what are the manifestation of this. The result and
discussion will be presented on the later part of the laboratory report.

OBJECTIVES
1. Know and understand the effects of temperature for the break up of solid.
2. To know where a solid (like sugar) would most likely dissolve first; and
3. To determine the length of the dissolution of a solid (ex. sugar) in a freezing and boiling
environment.
EXPERIMENTAL FLOWCHART

The figure below shows the Experimental Flowchart of the experiment conducted.
The experiment was composed of a series of steps with accompanied methods and
specifications to arrive at more accurate results. There were two parts of the experiment;
Observing the process and effect of boiling point and freezing point on the dissolution of
solids in water.

I. Observing The Process And Effect of Freezing Point On The Dissolution Of Solids
In Water

In conducting the experiment, the students; 1) Wore proper laboratory attire to

ensure safety during the experiment; 2) Prepared all the materials and samples that
will be needed in the experiment such as: beaker, granulated sugar, ice, spoon, and
tap water; 3) Half-filled the beaker with ice; 4)After which, poured water up to the
brim of the beaker; 4) After two (2) minutes, one (1) tablespoon of sugar was poured
into the mixture; 6) The time taken by the sugar to dissolve was then observed and
recorded; 7) Proper disposal technique was performed to maintain the cleanliness
in the laboratory. The following shows a graphical presentation of steps that will
be used in the experiment:

Wear proper laboratory attire

Materials Used in the Experiment

Granulated Sugar Spoon

Ice Beaker
 Beaker half-filled with ice

Water was poured up to the brim level into the beaker that
was filled with ice

Alcohol Lamp

One (1) tablespoon of sugar was poured into the mixture

Alcohol Lamp
 Sugar being dissolved by water and ice

Observed and recorded changes or results of the experiment

Alcohol Lamp

Proper Disposal Technique

II. Observing he Process And Effect of Boiling Point On The Dissolution Of Sugar in
Water

In conducting the experiment, the students; 1) Wore proper laboratory attire to

ensure safety during the experiment; 2) Prepared all the materials and samples that
will be needed in the experiment such as: alcohol lamp, beaker, boiling water,
granulated sugar, iron stand, iron ring, wire gauze, spoon, and tap water; 3) Fill the
beaker with 150mL water; 4) Put the beaker with the water into the heating set-up;
4) After the water got enough heat, one (1) tablespoon of sugar was poured into the
water; 6) The time taken by the heated water to dissolve the sugar was then
observed and recorded; 7) Proper disposal technique was performed to maintain the
cleanliness in the laboratory. The following shows a graphical presentation of steps
that will be used in the experiment:

Wear proper laboratory attire

Materials Used in the Experiment

Alcohol Lamp Spoon

Sugar Heating Set-up (Iron stand, Iron ring,

and Wire Gauze)
Sugar Poured into the Heated Water

Beaker Containing 150mL of Water

Alcohol Lamp
 Heating-up Process

Sugar being dissolved by heated water

Observed and recorded changes or results of the experiment

Alcohol Lamp
Proper Disposal Technique
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This activity aims to show the effect of the temperature on the dissolution of solids
and to determine among which temperature the sugar dissolves faster. Which is presented
by the table below:
Table 1. Data and observations of the following solutions.

Time taken for the sugar to be

Solutions Observations
dissolved

sugar is most likely

Hot water with sugar 10 minutes and 30 seconds
dissolved

still not completely

Cold water with sugar 1 hour and 30 minutes
dissolved

The data on Table 1 shows the time it taken for the sugar to be dissolve with respect
to the different temperatures. For the hot water with sugar, it takes 10 minutes and 30
seconds to have a glimpse of the result which states that the sugar is most likely dissolve.
On the other hand, the cold water with sugar takes 1 hour and 30 minutes for it to observe
the result and the sugar is still not completely dissolve.

Figure 1. The figure above shows the hot water as it dissolves the sugar.

Figure 2. The figure above shows the cold water as it dissolves the sugar.
Data Gathering
Different phases of matter undergone changes that makes them interchange their
state just like a solid though attractions happen between molecules (intermolecular forces)
are not as strong as those attractions that hold compounds together (intramolecular
forces/van der Waals forces). Weaker than those intramolecular forces but still strong
enough to control such physical properties like boiling and melting points, vapor pressures
and viscosities (Brown et al., 2006) to liquid (melting of ice), liquid to solid (freezing a
water), liquid to gas (boiling a water), solid to gas (naphthalene balls) and many more. As
stated by Brown et al. (2006), one of the distinct difference of these states is the distance
between the particles. As all are aware of, solid have compact particles, liquids may be less
compact or there is a small distance between the molecules and lastly gases whose particles
can move freely due to the large distances between them. Somehow, these states of a
substance with regards to the temperature and pressure applied on it, depends on the kinetic
energy of the particles and the strength of the attractions between particles. Concerning
about the attraction of particles, solids have strongest attractive forces, liquids have strong
attractive forces while the gases have weak attractive forces (Baguio, 2017). As observed,
these attractive forces somehow correspond to the distance of the particles between each
phases.
In the experiment, as the water in the beaker got contact with surface of the wire
gauze that is on heat, attractions between the molecules had happened. As the molecules
of water are considered quite strong, it’s the reason behind its high boiling point, high
specific heat and high heat of vaporization (Brown et al., 2006). Such changes observed
just like the steam (water vapor) visible at the top of the beaker, droplets of water formed,
and the decreasing amount of water in the beaker after several minutes of heating it. The
heat added to the system (beaker with water) at the melting and boiling goes into pulling
the molecules farther apart from each other. But then during the phase change, the
temperature of the substance does not rise. As stated in the molecular theory, the heat
absorbed is converted into the kinetic energy of molecules. As the kinetic energy of
molecules is greater, it indicates that the particles are in motion (Delpierre and Sewell,
2006).
According to American Chemical society (2017), heating increases the motion of
molecules and with this increased molecular motion it competes with the attraction
between solute molecules and tend to make them separate more easily. Solvent molecules
can contact with solute molecules with more force which leads to easier dissolving if the
molecular motion is increased. Different ions, atoms, or molecules made up different
substances and increased temperature will affect their dissolving.
Based on the results, the sugar dissolves faster if it is mixed with hot water
compared to the sugar mixed with cold water. The water molecules move faster if the
energy of the water is high or hot which leads to the faster vibration of sucrose or table
sugar. If water and sucrose interacts more due to the increased of energy, then the tendency
for the sucrose molecules to pull away from other sucrose molecules will have enough
energy causing for the dissolving of sucrose to hasten (ACS, 2017).
Conclusion
Talking about the movement of the particles matters to the result in finding out
which of the two solutions is more effective in dissolving the sugar. As the temperature
rises, the molecules of the water also increases, the tendency of the sugar molecules to melt
is much faster which promotes a greater attraction between the solute molecules (sugar)
(American Chemistry Society (2017). From this statement, it tells that solute material like
sugar dissolves easier in hot water or boiling water than in a cold water whose movements
of particles within it decreases.
REFERENCES

Baguio, S.S. M. (2017). Kinetic Molecular Theory of Liquids and Solids. Breaking
Through General Chemistry. p 4. C & E Publishing, Inc. 839 EDSA, South
Triangle Quezon City. Retrieved Date: November 21, 2017.
Brown, T. L., LeMay, H. E., & Bursten B.E. (2006). Chapter 11 Intermolecular Forces,
Liquids and Solids. Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition. Retrieved Date:
November 21, 2017.
Delpierre, E. and Sewell T. (2006) Kinetic Energy. Retrieved Date: November 21, 2017
Temperature Changes Everything. (2015). Retrieved From:
http://sciencenetlinks.com/lessons/ temperature-changes-everything
Floorwalker, M. (2013, August). The Difference Between Atoms, Molecules, and
Particles. Retrieved from: http://knowledgenuts.com/the-difference-between-
atoms-molecules-and-particles/
Molecules in Motion. (201&). Retrieved from:
htttp://muddleschoolchemistry.com/lessonplans/chapter1/lesson2