CHEMICAL FORMULA

NAMING AND WRITING

Katherine Kyra D. Alonday, R.Ph., MSc.
University of Santo Tomas
Senior High School
Modern Periodic Table of Elements
NON-
METALS
METALS
 Relevance and Purpose?

IONIC BOND NON-

METALS TRANSFER
METALS

COVALENT
NON- BOND NON-
METALS SHARE
METALS
Arrangement of Elements
PERIODS or
SERIES:
• Arranged horizontally
across the periodic table
(rows 1-7).

These elements have the

same number of valence
shells = energy level.
Arrangement of Elements
FAMILY/GRO
UP:
• Arranged vertically
down the periodic
table
• Group 1- 18 or 1-8
A,B

These elements have

the same number of
valence electrons.
 Modern Periodic Table of Elements

Z atomic number = Palaging protonZ,

pwede ring electronZ
Z = p+ = e-
A mass number = MAS marami kasi lahat
ng nasa Nucleus
A = p+ + n0
The elements are assigned with a unique atomic number and are arranged in
increasing order of atomic weight (mass number).
 Molecules and Ions

ATOMS
combine to form lose or gain e- to form
Compounds
COMPOUNDS IonsIONS
are one or
have at least 2 atoms more
aggregate of at least 2 atoms atoms
an atom or a group that
of atoms
in a definite arrangement
that have ZERO NET
held together by chemical
that has a net positive or
have a NET
negative charge.
forces/bonds.
CHARGE CATION CHARGE ANION
 IONS
one or more atoms
that have a NET CHARGE

CATION ANION

METALS NON-METALS
*except H*
Ex: Na+, Ca2+ and Cu2+ Ex: Cl-, O2- and N3-
 IONS

MONOATOMIC POLYATOMIC

1 ATOM 2 OR MORE
ATOMS
Ex: Na+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Cl-, O2- and N3 Ex: CH3COO-, CO32-, PO43-and SO32-
Naming MONOATOMIC Ions – Representative Elements

‘Name of element’ ion ‘Root name of element –ide’ ion

E.g. Sodium ion E.g. Fluoride ion
+1 +2 +3 +4 -1 -2 -3 -4
Li Mg Al C
F O N C
Na Ca
K Sr
Cl S P
Rb Ba Br Se
Cs Cations I anions
MONOATOMIC Ions – Transition Metals
(Variable valence)
Element Lower Higher CLASSICAL METHOD
oxid # Oxid # Uses Latin name
Cu +1 +2
a. Lower oxid # -’ous’
Hg +1 +2
E.g. Fe2+ Ferrous
Co +2 +3
b. Higher oxid # - ‘ic’
Ni +2 +3
E.g. Fe3+ Ferric
Fe +2 +3
Pb +2 +4
STOCK METHOD
Sn +2 +4
Au +1 +3
Uses Roman numeral
As +3 +5
• E.g. Fe2+ Iron (II)
Sb +3 +5
Fe3+ Iron (III)
 POLYATOMIC Ions – List of Common Ions
POLYATOMIC CATION NAME POLYATOMIC ANION NAME

+1 -1
NH4+ ammonium OH- hydroxide
H3O+ hydronium NO2- nitrite
FO2- fluorite NO3- nitrate
ClO2- chlorite HCO3- bicarbonate
BrO2- bromite CrO2- chromite
IO2- iodite FO3- fluorate
MnO4- permanganate
ClO3- chlorate
BrO3- bromate (Halogen)O2 ex: ClO2- hal-ite ex: chlorite
IO3- iodate (Halogen)O3 ex: ClO3- hal-ate ex: chlorate
 POLYATOMIC IONS

POLYATOMIC ANION NAME POLYATOMIC ANION NAME

-2 -3
SO32- sulfite BO33- borate
SO42- sulfate PO33- phosphite

MnO42- manganate PO43- phosphate

CO32- carbonate AsO33- arsenite
CrO4-2- chromate AsO43- arsenate
Representative Elements & Transition Metals
Chemical Formula
used to express the composition of
molecules and ionic compounds in terms
of chemical symbols
Types of Chemical Formula
•MOLECULAR FORMULA – gives the composition of the molecule,
in terms of the actual number of atoms present.

•EMPIRICAL FORMULA – gives the composition of the molecule,

in terms of the smallest ratio of the number of atoms present.

Examples:
C6H12O6  CH2O
K3PO4  same
Na2C2O4  NaCO2
 TERMS:
•BINARY - made up of 2 elements
•TERNARY - made up of 3 elements

•IONIC COMPOUND - made up of Metal + Non metal

•MOLECULAR COMPOUND - made up of two Non metals

•ACID - yield hydrogen (H+) ions in aqueous solutions

•BASE - yield hydroxide (OH-) ions in aqueous solutions

•E.g. NaCl = Binary ionic compound (2 elements, metal & non metal)
HNO3 =Ternary acid (3 elements, one of which is H)
Writing chemical formula of
BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS
1. Write the elements.
Rule:
Left – cation
1. GOOD (+) NEWS MUNA, BAGO ANG BAD (-)
Right – anion
NEWS
2. Write the charge
(cation first,over theanion)
before .
element.
3.
2.Criss-cross
Charge (write the charges and
the charge) &drop.
Share (cris-cross).
4.
3.Simplify
Simplehan if necessary.
(simplify) niyo lang, guys.
Writing chemical formula of
BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
Element Lower Higher
TRANSITION METALS oxid # Oxid #

1. Same procedure with the representative- Cu +1 +2

Rule:
group metals but Transition metals have Hg +1 +2
variable valence electrons Co +2 +3
1. GOOD (+) NEWS MUNA, BAGONiANG BAD +2 (-)+3
Ex: Cu + O Fe +2 +3
NEWS (cation first, before anion). Pb +2 +4
Cu 1+ + O 2- 2+ 2-
2. Charge (identifyCuthe +charge)
O & Share (cris-cross)
Sn .
+2 +4
Au +1 +3
3. Simplehan (simplify) niyo lang, guys.
As +3 +5
Cu2O Cu2O2 = CuO Sb +3 +5
Exercise
Binary Chemical Formula Element Lower Higher
oxid # Oxid #
Cu +1 +2
Write the chemical formula:
Hg +1 +2
1. Iron + Oxygen Co +2 +3
Ni +2 +3
2. Magnesium + Bromine Fe +2 +3
3. Calcium + Phosphorous Pb +2 +4
4. Barium + Sulfur Sn +2 +4
Au +1 +3
5. Potassium + Fluorine As +3 +5
6. Gold + Chlorine Sb +3 +5
Naming chemical formula of
BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS
ROOTS OF THE H - hydr
• Name of the cation + root of name of the anion NON-METALS C - carb
– CHANGE SUFFIX TO IDE. N - nitr
NaI  sodium iodide P – phosph
MgCl2  magnesium chloride O - ox
K2O  potassium oxide S - sulf
Se - selen
TRANSITION ELEMENTS F - fluor
Cl - chlor
• AFFIX THE CHARGE IN ROMAN NUMERAL after the CATION Br - brom
+ root of name of the anion – CHANGE SUFFIX TO IDE I - iod
Cu2O copper (I) oxide
CuO copper (II) oxide
FeS  iron (II) sulfide
Exercise
Binary Ionic Chemical Formula

Name the chemical formula:

1. Iron + Oxygen =FeO & Fe2O3
2. Magnesium + Bromine =MgBr2
3. Calcium + Phosphorous =Ca3P2
4. Barium + Sulfur =BaS
5. Potassium + Fluorine =KF
6. Gold + Chlorine =AuCl & AuCl3
Naming chemical formula of
BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
• Except for Hydrocarbons (C-H compounds), NH3, NH4
BINARY
and H-X (H MOLECULAR
& halogen) MEANS “BINARY COVALENT”. Prefixes
1 - mon(o)
2 - di
These covalent
st
Name of 1 non metal
compounds
Root name
are
ofnd
2
NOT
non
ionic
metal
because
3 - tri
4 - tetr(a)
5 - pent(a)
they SHARE
ADD prefix instead ofADD
if >1 atom transferring
prefix all the timeelectrons.
6 - hex(a)
CHANGE suffix to-IDE 7 - hept(a)
8 - oct(a)
9 - non(a)
Covalent or molecular compounds form between 2 10 - dec(a)

NON-METALS.
Exercise
Binary Molecular Chemical Formula

Name the chemical formula:

7. CO
8. N2O
9. NO3
10. P2Cl7
11. S2O9
Writing and Naming chemical formula of
TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
1. Monoatomic cation + Polyatomic anion
Ex: Sodium + Nitrite
Na+ + NO2-

Na NO2  sodium nitrite

2. Polyatomic cation + Monoatomic anion
Ex: Ammonium + Sulfide
NH4+ + S2-

(NH4)2S  ammonium sulfide

Exercise
Ternary Ionic Chemical Formula

Write and Name the chemical formula:

12. Iron (II) + Sulfate
13. Calcium + nitrite
14. Aluminum + borate
15. Hydronium + phosphide
16. Ammonium + chloride
ACID (H+)
Binary Acid Ternary Acid “oxy-acid”
H + monoatomic anion H + polyatomic anion

H+ + Cl– H+ + NO2 – (nitrite)

HNO2
HCl Nitrous acid
Hydrogen chloride _______________________________________
or H+ + NO3 – (nitrate)
Hydrochloric acid
HNO3
Hydro – rootname – ic – acid Nitric acid
__________________________________
‘ite’= rootname – ous – acid
‘ate’ = rootname –ic – acid
Writing and Naming chemical formula of
BASE (OH-)
Monoatomic cation + OH Polyatomic cation + OH
Na+ + OH– NH4+ + OH–
NaOH NH4OH
sodium hydroxide ammonium hydroxide

(OH–) is read as
“hydroxide”
Exercise
Acid and Base Chemical Formula

Write and Name the chemical formula:

17. Copper (I)+ hydroxide
18. Hydrogen + Fluorine
19. Barium + Hydroxide
20. Hydrogen + Sulfite
21. Hydrogen + Sulfate