ltx SAJAG Vol.

2, Issue 9
August 2019

Corporate Security

o n e s
Dr AN EYE IN T H E S K Y
 The Only Way
to Do Great Work
is to Love
What you Do
From th e

Dear Fellow IOCians,

Greetings to all
It gives me immense pleasure to present the 9th edition of e-magazine titled "SAJAG" with
special coverage and emphasis on "Drones" under "Knowledge & Technology" segment.
There is no denial of the fact that Drones are real security challenge in view of its easy
availability & capability to carry a payload of destruction. In May, 2019, Iran proxies had
attacked 4 Oil Tankers and Oil Pipelines belonging to US allies through 7 drones. This is also a
reminder that Oil & Gas sector can be a potential target for a Drone attack. For the
awareness of readers, we have included a gist of Drone Policy by DGCA & SOP for Sub-Conventional Aerial Platform by MHA.
For the past many years, Corporate Security department has been recommending to the locations to have security essentials for
robust security setup. Hence, a necessity was felt to develop a standard set of specifications for security gadgets. I am pleased to
share that after extensive trials and discussions/deliberations, technical specifications of UVSS, X-Ray Baggage Scanner, Boom
Barrier, Bollards, MZDFMD & HHMD have been finalised & circulated for use.
IB-MHA is continuously assessing threats & vulnerabilities of Vital National Assets from National Security perspective. Accordingly,
they have recommended 40 no. IOC installations for CISF deployment. In case of FST-Kandla and Oil Terminal & ATF-Port Blair,
reminders have also been received for CISF deployment from MoPNG/MHA.
Post Pulwama attack, it was shared by intelligence agencies that maximum threats are emerging from our coastal line, particularly
from west coast. Hence, IB-MHA has decided to have two sensitization workshops for IOC officers, one at Vadodara, Gujarat on 6th
September, 2019 for west coast and another at Paradip, Odisha on 19th September, 2019 for east coast.
IB-MHA had organized National Security Strategies Conference on 25-26 June, 2019 at Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi with an objective
to show case cutting edge technologies and gadgets in the field of security to mitigate threats. We are happy to share that corporate
security has participated in the above event and demonstrated the concept of iSSM (Integrated Security System Management) which
was appreciated by IB-MHA.
3 day security workshop was organized by corporate security in the month of July 2019 on “Security for Business Prosperity”. Experts
from NDRF, BSF, HSE, COIS, Automation of security gadgets were invited keeping in view latest trends in security & needs of
participants. Above all, a session on Happiness & Positivity was delivered by Shri Mukesh Jain, IPS, which was very well received &
appreciated by all participants.
I hope you will continue to shower your interest & enjoy reading the Sajag magazine. While we shall wait to hear from you for your
feedback, suggestions are welcome for further enrichment of the magazine.
Happy reading!!!
JAI HIND......

B.K. RAVI, IPS

Advisor (Security)

1
Knowledge & Technology
DRONE: A TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGE
By Rajeev Khandelwal, DGM (Security) CO & Nagendra Singh, Sr. Manager (Security) CO
A system has advantage & disadvantage and Drones
(Remotely Piloted Aircraft System - RPAS) cannot be
exceptional. Particularly when Drones are to be used for
surveillance & security purpose, it has many security issues
& concerns. DGCA, an apex government body has made a
comprehensive policy to deal with Drones & MHA has also
issued standard operating procedures. As the technology
advances, these Drones are becoming more common and
affordable, giving rise to debates that weigh to their benefits
against new ethical and legal concerns. Some of the
advantages & disadvantages are listed below:
² Quality Aerial Imaging
Drones can take high-quality aerial photographs and video,
and collect vast amounts of imaging data. These high-
resolution data can be used to create 3-D maps and
interactive 3-D models, which have many beneficial uses.
For example, 3-D mapping of disaster areas can enable
rescue teams to be better prepared before entering
hazardous situations.
² Precision
Since unmanned aerial vehicles are equipped with GPS, they
can be programmed and manoeuvred accurately to precise
locations. This is especially helpful in precision agriculture,
in which UAVs are used for a variety of farming needs such
as spraying fertilizer and insecticide, identifying weed
infestations, and monitoring crop health. The precision of
UAVs saves farmers both time and cost.
² Easily Deployable
With advances in control technology, most drones can be
operated by users with relatively minimal experience.
Combined with the relative low cost of most models, this has
led to drones becoming accessible to a wide range of
operators. UAVs also have a greater range of movement
than manned aircraft, being able to fly lower and in more
directions, allowing them to easily navigate traditionally
hard-to-access areas.
² Inspection
Drones enable easy and safe inspection of tall and complex
structures, especially the inspection of facilities such as oil
2
CHAPTER - 01
and gas refineries, flare stacks, and pipelines. They
eliminates the need for workers to physically access hostile
environments, where factors such as height, wind, waves,
weather, and radiation can lead to accidents or health
issues. Drones can easily access difficult-to-reach areas
while eliminating the need for a human to go there using the
risky mechanical tools. Drones are making it possible for
professionals to easily collect aerial data in places where it
would be logically impossible. It is less risky and safer to use
drones in hostile environments for applications, such as
radiation monitoring, inspecting high-voltage lines, and
other installations that can cause injuries or health problems
² Security & Safety
With the appropriate license, operators can use unmanned
aerial vehicles to provide security and surveillance to private
companies, sporting events, public gatherings and venues.
Drones can also gather valuable data during and after
natural disasters to aid in security and recovery efforts.
Safety is a primary concern when dealing with unmanned
aerial vehicles. To avoid mid-air collisions, UAVs need to be
programmed with “sense and avoid” capabilities – being
able to detect a potential collision and manoeuvre to safety –
that match those of manned aircraft pilots. In the event of
system failures, ground impact is another serious danger,
especially when drones are used near large crowds.
² Privacy
One of the most common concerns from the public about
UAVs is privacy. Drones can collect data and images without
drawing attention, leading many Indians to fear that their
rights of privacy may be in jeopardy if government entities
were to use drones to monitor the public.
² Internationally we have the 3 main types of drones
which are most being used:
1. Fixed Wing - A fixed wing drone consists of one rigid
wing and is designed to look and work like an airplane.
What helps distinguish fixed wing drones from other
types is that they cannot stay in one place with vertical
lift rotors, but instead glide on a set path as long as their
energy permits. This means they can be far more
 efficient compared to the two other main categories of
drones. Fixed wing UAVs are well known in the military,
as they are often used when manned flight is considered
too risky or difficult. They are also used in the
commercial industry.
Advantages: The average flight time is a couple of
hours and can go up to an impressive 16 hours or more if
the drone is gas engine powered. Fixed wings can fly at a
high altitude. They are more forgiving in the air than
other models and have the ability to carry more weight.
Disadvantages: Fixed wing drones can be expensive,
training is usually required to fly them in most cases, a
launcher is needed to get a fixed wing drone into the air.
They are more difficult to land than the two other
categories of drones and they can only move forward
and can't hover in the air.
Typical Uses: Because fixed wing drones are more data
focused in design, they are usually used for commercial
purposes such as aerial mapping, inspection,
agriculture, construction, security, and surveillance.
2. Single Rotor - Single rotor drones are strong and
look similar in structure and design to actual helicopters.
They have one big rotor, which is like one big spinning
wing, plus a small sized rotor on the tail for direction and
stability.
Advantages: Single rotor drones are able to hover
vertically in the air. They are built to be strong and
durable. They have a long-lasting flight time, which
increases if the drone is gas powered and a heavy
payload capability.
Disadvantages: Single rotors are harder to fly than
multi-rotor drone types. They can be expensive. These
drones have a higher complexity and can be dangerous
because of the heavy spinning blade.
3. Multi-rotor - The most popular type of drone for
getting an “eye in the sky” is the multi-rotor drone. This
is the popular choice for aerial photography, filmmaking
and surveillance. It is used by professionals and
hobbyists alike because of its small size and ready to fly
out of the box capabilities. Multi-rotor drones are also
3
easiest to manufacture and the cheapest drone option.
They carry several rotors on their body and can be
further classified based on the number of that on the
platform of the drone. There are tricopters (3 rotors),
quad copters (4 rotors), hexa copters (6 rotors) and
octo-copters (8 rotors), among others. Quad copters
are by far the most popular multi-rotor drones.
Advantages: Multi-rotor drones are easy to control and
manoeuvre. They have the ability to hover. They can
take off and land vertically and are very stable.
Disadvantages: Multi-rotors have a limited flying time
(usually 15-30 minutes).They only have small payload
capabilities and most of the drone's energy is spent on
fighting gravity and stabilizing in the air.
Typical Uses: Aerial photography and video aerial
inspection, leisure, agriculture, construction, security.
You can further categorize within the three main
categories of drones:
By Size: Nano: size of an insect (up to 50 cm) Small:
bigger than the size of an insect but still quite small (less
than 2 meters in length). This is the size of most
consumer drones. These drones can be handled by one
person. Medium: Smaller than light aircrafts and
usually need to be carried by two people. Large: size of
a small aircraft, usually used in military or surveillance
situations.
By Range: Close-range: Most close range drones
usually have a range of around 3 miles and can stay in
the air on an average of 20-30 minutes. Consumer
drones fit into this category. Short-range: Most short
range drones can be controlled up to 30 miles away from
users and can stay in the air for an average of 1 hour and
up to 6 hours. Mid-range: Most mid range drones can
be controlled up to 90 miles away and can stay in the air
up to 12 hours.
By Endurance: Most endurance drones can be
controlled up to 400 miles and be up in the air for up to
3 consecutive days. These are typically used for
surveillance and collection of scientific data.
Knowledge & Technology
DRONE OR REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM (RPAS)
1 Background: In order to regulate the Drone use in
India, DGCA has been making efforts to make a
comprehensive policy on Drones with provisions of its
procurements, registration, purpose & its use so that
menance of Drones can be checked. The new drone/
RPAS policy was issued by the office of the Director
General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), Government of India
with effective from 01st December, 2018 vide F. No. 05-
13/2014-AED vol. IV.
A gist is given below for easy understanding of Drone
policy for the readers. However, it may please be noted
that for further reference/clarifications /eloborations,
original policy documents may be referred.
2 Introduction: Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA),
Autonomous Aircraft and Model Aircraft are various
sub-sets of Unmanned Aircraft. Unmanned Aircraft
System (UAS) is an aircraft and its associated elements,
which are operated with no pilot on board.
RPA is an unmanned aircraft, which is piloted from a
remote pilot station. A remotely piloted aircraft, its
associated remote pilot station(s), command and
control links and any other components forms a
Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS). This CAR (Civil
Aviation Requirement) is issued under the provisions of
rule 15a and rule 133a of the Aircraft Rules, 1937 and
lays down requirements for obtaining Unique
Identification Number (UIN), Unmanned Aircraft
Operator Permit (UAOP) and other operational
requirements for civil remotely RPAS.
3 Categories of RPA: Civil RPA is categorized in
accordance with maximum all-up-weight (including
payload) as indicated below:
1. Nano: Less than or equal to 250 grams.
2. Micro: Greater than 250 grams and less than or
equal to 2 kg.
3. Small: Greater than 2 kg and less than or equal to
25 kg.
4. Medium: Greater than 25 kg and less than or equal
to 150 kg.
5. Large: Greater than 150 kg.
4 Imported RPA: Any entity intending to import RPAS in
4
CHAPTER - 02
India shall obtain Equipment Type Approval (ETA) from
WPC (Wireless Planning & Coordination) wing,
Department of Telecommunication for operating in
de-licensed frequency band(s). The applicant, other
than NANO category, shall apply to DGCA for import
clearance. Based upon the import clearance Issued by
DGCA, DGFT (Directorate General Of Foreign Trade) shall
issue license for import of RPAS. Upon receipt of import
license, the applicant shall apply to DGCA for UIN /UOAP,
as applicable.
5 RPA locally purchased in India: The applicant shall
ensure that locally purchased RPAS shall have ETA from
WPC wing, dot operating in de-licensed frequency
band(s). The applicant shall submit information along
with application for issue of UIN/UAOP, as applicable. All
applications shall be processed on case-to-case basis
through “digital sky platform”.
6 Approvals/Clearances:
• ETA (Equipment Type Approval) from WPC Wing,
Department of Telecommunication for RPA operating
in de-licensed frequency band(s), as applicable.
• Security Clearance from MHA in some cases & Indian
company or Corporate leasing RPAS from a company
or corporate registered elsewhere than in India not
earlier than five years from date of application for
UIN. However, individuals shall either obtain security
clearance from MHA or submit self-attested copies of
at least two out of three valid identity proofs viz.
Passport, Driving License or Aadhaar Card.
• In case of Foreign Remote Pilots (FRPs) employed by
Indian entity, DGCA shall forward documents for
Security clearance to security agencies in accordance
with the procedure being followed for Foreign Air
crew Temporary Authorization (FATA) pilots. RPA in
Nano category intended to fly upto 50 feet (15 m)
AGL in uncontrolled airspace/enclosed premises for
commercial /recreational /R&D purposes are
exempted from obtaining UIN. RPAs owned /
operated by NTRO, ARC and Central Intelligence
Agencies are also exempted from obtaining UIN.
7 Requirements for Issue of Unmanned Aircraft
Operator Permit (UAOP):
• Nano RPA operating below 50 feet (15 m) AGL in
uncontrolled airspace/enclosed premises.
• Micro RPA operating below 200 feet (60 m) AGL in
uncontrolled airspace/enclosed premises. However,
the user shall intimate to local police office 24 hours
prior to conduct of actual operations.
8 Security/Safety Requirements:
1. The operator shall be responsible for the safe
custody, security and access control of the RPAS. In
case of loss of RPA/damaged and cannot be restored
to original condition, the operator shall report
immediately to the local police office, BCAS and
DGCA for the same shall be notified to DGCA by the
owner/operator for cancellation of UIN.
2. The operator of all RPA except Nano RPA shall be
responsible for notifying any incident/accident
involving RPA to the Director of Air Safety, DGCA.
3. The RPAS operator shall ensure that all security
measures are taken & the ground control station
(while in use or in store) shall be secured from
sabotage or unlawful interference.
4. The RPAS (issued with UIN) shall not be sold or
disposed-off in any way to any person or firm without
permission from DGCA. Any changes in the contact
details specified in UIN shall be immediately notified
to DGCA and all other concerned agencies.
9 Remote Pilot Training Requirements: Remote pilot
shall have attained 18 years of age, having passed
10th exam in English, and undergone ground/practical
training from any DGCA approved Flying Training
Organization (FTO), and includes the following theory
subjects: Basic Radio Telephony (RT), Flight Planning
and ATC procedures, regulations specific to area of
operations, basic knowledge of principles of flight and
aerodynamics for fixed wing, rotary wing, and hybrid
aircraft. Airspace Structure and Airspace Restrictions
with knowledge of No Drone Zones & Basic Aviation
Meteorology.
The practical training shall comprise of RPA in flight
having live component, and/or simulated flight training
to demonstrate control of RPA throughout its operating
5
conditions, including safe recovery during emergencies
and system malfunction.
10 RPAS Maintenance Requirements: Maintenance and
repair of RPAS & ground control equipment shall be
carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's
approved procedures with the manufacturer's
recommended inspection and overhaul interval, as
applicable. Each RPA flight should be recorded & made
available to the DGCA on demand.
11 Equipment Requirements: All RPA (except for Nano
category intending to operate up to 50 ft (15m) AGL in
uncontrolled airspace/enclosed premises), shall be
equipped with the following serviceable components/
equipment:
• GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) for
horizontal and vertical position fixing
• Autonomous Flight Termination System or Return
Home (RH) option
• Flashing anti-collision strobe lights
• RFID and GSM SIM Card/NPNT compliant for APP
based real time tracking
• Fire resistant identification plate inscribed with UIN
• Flight controller with flight data logging capability
12 Operating Requirements:
a) The RPA operator shall prepare Standard Operating
Procedures (SOP), which shall contain following
procedures according to the provisions contained in
relevant sections of AIP-India:
• Take-off/landing
• Collision avoidance
• Noise abatement
• Flight plan filing
• Local airspace restriction
• Right-of-Way
• Communications
• RPA emergency including loss of C2 link
b) Safe recovery of RPA through controlled airspace in case
RPA system failure precludes the ability to remain
outside controlled airspace, etc. Irrespective of weight
category, all RPA operations shall be restricted to day
only, within Visual Line of Sight (VLOS).
Knowledge & Technology
c) RPA operations except those in enclosed premises, shall
be conducted only when the following meteorological
conditions exist:
• During daylight (between sunrise and sunset).
• In Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) with a
minimum ground visibility of 5 km and cloud ceiling
not less than 1500 feet (450 m).
• Surface winds of not more than 10 knots or as
specified by the manufacturer & no precipitation
(rain, hail or snow) or thunderstorm activities, or
exceeding those specified by the manufacturer.
• The operator [except Nano intending to operate up to
50 ft (15 m) AGL in uncontrolled airspace/enclosed
premises] shall obtain permission before undertaking
flight through 'Digital Sky Platform'.
d) In addition to the above requirements, all RPA operators
[except Nano and Micro category intending to operate up
to 50 ft (15 m) AGL (Above Ground Level) and 200 ft
(60 m) AGL respectively in uncontrolled airspace/
enclosed premises] are required to file flight plan at least
24 hours before actual operations and obtain following:
• ATC briefing, Meteorological (MET) briefing, and ATC
clearance from the nearest ATC Unit.
• Air Defense Clearance (ADC) from the nearest IAF Unit.
• FIC Number from the Flight Information Centre (FIC)
concerned.
e) Nano and Micro category RPA operators intending to
operate beyond 50 ft (15 m) AGL and 200 ft (60 m) AGL
respectively in uncontrolled airspace/enclosed premises
shall not be exempted.
f) All RPA operators (except Nano RPA operating below
50 ft), shall inform the concerned local police office in
writing prior to commencing the operations.
g) RPA operator shall carry out safety risk assessment
including hazard identification, determination of severity
and likelihood of hazard on the operation, mitigation
measures to reduce the risk identified, and verification of
mitigation actions of the RPA operations including that of
launch/recovery sites. The site (including emergency
operation zone and any safety zone for the operations of
the RPAS) shall be under the full control of the operator.
h) Designated safe areas should be established by the RPA
6
operator for emergency, RPA holding and flight
terminations. The take-off and landing areas should be
properly segregated from public access.
i) Remote pilots shall prefix RPA call-sign with the word
UNMANNED during voice communications between ATC
and the remote pilot station. RPA operator shall ensure
that no Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is caused to
air traffic operations and air navigation equipment.
1- For operations in the controlled airspace, the remote
pilot shall establish and maintain contact with ATC
prior to entering the controlled airspace. All
communication between remote pilot station and
ATS Unit shall be in prescribed ICAO (International
Civil Aviation Organization) phraseology.
j) No person shall act as a remote pilot for more than one
RPA operation at a time. If two or more persons are
available as remote pilots for a flight, at any given
moment, there shall be only one person acting as a
remote pilot-in-command.
k) RPA operator shall be responsible for ensuring that the
RPA is operated safely and remains clear of all manned/
unmanned air traffic, terrain and obstacles. RPA shall, at
all times, give way to manned aircraft. RPA shall not
discharge or drop substances unless specially cleared
and mentioned in UAOP.
l) RPA shall not transport any hazardous material such as
explosives or animal or human payload. RPA shall not be
flown in a manner to cause danger to any person or
property.
m) RPA operator/remote pilot shall be liable to ensure that
privacy norms of any entity are not compromised in any
manner.
n) In the event of cancellation of operations, the operator
shall notify the same to all appropriate authorities
immediately.
13 OPERATING RESTRICTIONS: No RPA shall be
flown:
I. Within a distance of 5 km from the perimeter of airports
at Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata, Bengaluru and
Hyderabad.
II. Within a distance of 3 km from the perimeter of any
civil, private or defense airports.
III. Above the Obstacle Limitation Surfaces (OLS) or PANS-
 OPS surfaces, whichever is lower, of an operational
aerodrome, specified in Ministry of Civil Aviation
(Height Restrictions for Safeguarding of Aircraft
Operations) Rules, 2015 notified through Gazette of India
notification GSR751(E) as amended from time to time.
IV. Within permanent or temporary Prohibited, Restricted
and Danger Areas including TRA, and TSA, as notified
in AIP.
V. Within 25km from international border which includes
Line of Control (LoC), Line of Actual Control (LAC) and
Actual Ground Position Line (AGPL).
VI. Beyond 500 m (horizontal) into sea from coast line
provided the location of ground station is on fixed
platform over land.
VII. Within 3 km from perimeter of military installations/
facilities/where military activities/exercises are being
carried out unless clearance is obtained from the local
military installation/facility.
VIII. Within 5 km radius from Vijay Chowk in Delhi.
However, this is subject to an additional conditions/
restrictions imposed by local law enforcement
agencies/authorities in view of the security.
IX. Within 2 km from perimeter of strategic locations/ vital
installations notified by Ministry of Home Affairs unless
clearance is obtained from MHA.
X. Within 3 km from radius of State Secretariat Complex in
State Capitals; From a mobile platform such as a
moving vehicle, ship or aircraft.
XI. Over eco-sensitive zones around National Parks
and Wildlife Sanctuaries notified by Ministry of
Environment, Forests and Climate Change without
prior permission.
No RPA shall carry out aerial photography/remote sensing
survey over the areas specified. However, DGCA may
authorize such operations on case-to-case basis subject to
approval of MoD. In such a case, application shall be
submitted to Director Regulations & Information, DGCA
(seven copies) in the prescribed format.
14 General Requirements: Operation of RPA beyond the
conditions specified may be authorized by DGCA on
case-to-case basis subject to adequate justification
provided by the applicant for safe conduct of RPAS
operations. To encourage new technology, Indian
organizations/institutions involved in R & D related
activity of RPAS shall use the test sites for testing/
demonstration purpose. Some government
organizations may alternatively utilize unused airstrips
or Government educational institutions campus,
provided adequate safety precautions are in place.
15 Legal Obligations: All UIN and/or UAOP issued by
DGCA, RPAS operators/remote pilots should follow the
compliance of regulatory requirement, which may exist
under the State or local law.
16 Insurance: All civil RPA operators shall have insurance
with the liability that they might incur for any damage to
third party resulting from the accident/incident.

ACRONYMS
AAI (Airports Authority of India), ADC (Air Defence Clearance), ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast), AGL (Above
Ground Level), AIP (Aeronautical Information Publication), ATC (Air Traffic Control), ATS (Air Traffic Service), ARC (Aviation Research
Centre), ARP (Aerodrome Reference Point), BCAS (Bureau of Civil Aviation Security), CAR (Civil Aviation Requirements), DGCA
(Directorate General of Civil Aviation), DGFT (Directorate General of Foreign Trade), DIPP (Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion),
FIR (Flight Information Region), FRTOL (Flight Radio Telephone Operator's License), FTO (Flying Training Organization), GNSS (Global
Navigation Satellite System), GPS (Global Positioning System), IAF (Indian Air Force), ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization),
IFR (Instrument Flight Rules), IPC (Indian Penal Code), MHA (Ministry of Home Affairs), MoCA (Ministry of Civil Aviation), MoD (Ministry
of Defence), NOTAM (Notice to Airmen), NPNT (No Permission-No Takeoff), NTRO (National Technical Research Organization), PPL
(Private Pilot License), RF-ID (Radio Frequency Identification), RPA (Remotely Piloted Aircraft), RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft
System(s)), RPS (Remote Pilot Station (s)), SARPs (Standards and Recommended Practices), SIM (Subscriber Identity Module), TSA
(Temporary Segregated Areas), TRA (Temporary Reserved Areas), UA (Unmanned Aircraft), UAOP (Unmanned Aircraft Operator
Permit), UAS (Unmanned Aircraft System(s)), UIN (Unique Identification Number), VFR (Visual Flight Rules), VLOS (Visual Line-Of-
Sight), VMC (Visual Meteorological Conditions), WPC (Wireless Planning and Coordination Wing, DoT)

7
Knowledge & Technology
Sub-Conventional Aerial Platform - SOP for handling threats
Background: MHA in May, 2019 circulated a SOP for
handling threats from Sub-conventional Aerial platform in
the country with a request to take immediate action for
implementation of the SOP by all concerned including
organizations. The corporate security department has made
a summary with a view to highlight the issues relevant to
IOCL. However, it is clarified that in case of any further
elaborations, readers are requested to consult the main SOP
documents circulated by MHA.
Sub-conventional aerial platforms include following:
• Para-gliders
• Para-motors
• Powered hang gliders
• Micro-light aircrafts
• Hot air balloons
• Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) including
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Drone
The conventional aerial platforms include planes (civil and
fighter) and missiles. Sub-conventional aerial platforms are
small flying objects as listed above. These platforms are
more difficult to deal with considering that
a) they are not tracked by conventional radar systems
b) create no/low sound
c) require no license except for micro-light aircrafts and RPAS
d) can carry destructive payloads
e) easily available in market
f) long range and maneuverability
g) require small area for landing/take-off
h) detection depends on visual sighting, which leaves very
low reaction available. Therefore, there is a requirement
for security agencies to react appropriately against any
such threat to high value national assets (Vital
Installations, Vital Areas, Vital Points, and Sensitive
Areas etc.). These flying machines can carry bombs,
suicide bombers, carry and drop IEDS at any location or
indulge in random shooting with fire arms resulting in
disruption and damage to civic life and Vital Installations.
RPAS (Drones) are also called UA (Unmanned Aircraft)/
UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)/UAS (Unmanned Aerial
System) which consists of UA, a RPS (Remote Pilot
8
CHAPTER - 03
Station), C2 (Command & Control link), the maintenance
system and the operating personnel.
Classification of RPAS (Drones):
a) Long endurance RPAS-can be operated even beyond 200
kms & have an endurance of 24 hrs or more. These are
subdivided in to HALE & MALE.
b) Tactical RPAS - can operate up to a range of 200 km. It
can be sub-divided into medium & short range.
c) Mini RPAS - are used in very close ranges & has an
endurance of about 2 hrs. & weight 1 kgs to 20 kgs.
d) Micro RPAS - are smaller in size than mini RPAS and fit in
ones palm. It has an endurance of about one hour.
e) Civil RPAS - are classified in accordance with its weight;
Large-> 150 kgs, Small->20 kg & less than 150 kg, Mini-
greater than 1 kg & less than or equal to 20 kg, Micro-
less than or equal to 1 kg, & Nano- less than 250 grams.
RPAS listed vide sub point (a), (b) are for Defense
purpose & not allowed for use by civilians. However, Mini
& Micro RPAS can also be restricted by IAF/DGCA.
Regarding Small/Mini/Micro RPAS, for its purchase,
registration, use, height restrictions, operator
c e r t i fi c a t e , o p e ra t i o n a l l i m i t s e t c . h a s b e e n
adequately addressed by DGCA vide their policy dated
1st December'2018.
The sub-conventional aerial platforms may be used to
harm the following likely targets.
• Legislative assemblies and Mantralayas
• Courts, crowded places like airports, metro-stations,
railway stations, stock exchanges etc.
• VVIP residences
• Vital installations
† Central Government viz. Atomic Energy, Power,
Petroleum and Natural gas, Defense
† State/UT administrations
† Under Defense forces
• Sensitive/restricted venues/places
• Venues of important events
Therefore, Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) has
been developed with objectives of
• Awareness amongst Security agencies.
 • Identification of likely targets and present mechanism
to tackle.
• Sensitize and train Security personnel to scan, detect
and report.
• Define process to neutralize.
• Formalize and establish Communication setup and
reporting procedures
Security measures for protection against aerial platforms,
both conventional and sub-conventional, include the following
• Measures by Central Government
† Border areas on land and sea protected by Army,
BSF, ITBP, Coast guard, Air Force. Air defense of
India is responsibility of IAF.
† IAF also responsible for handling threats from
conventional and sub-conventional aerial
platforms, which can be detected by radar.
† Threats from sub-conventional platforms will be
dealt with by State/UT/Local Police and Security of
vital installations.
• Security arrangements by IAF
† Countering any threat from conventional from air
by conventional aerial vehicles including handling
aircraft hijack situation and dealing with aircraft
declared as threat.
† Identification of 'friendly', 'unknown' airborne
objects and declaration of 'hostile' object.
• Security arrangements by State/UT Police
† Taking action against any flying object, not observed
by IAF, and operating close to a vital/sensitive
installation/area, will be responsibility of Police.
† In case of unconventional flying object being seen,
local police control room and IAF control room will
be informed immediately. IAF will decide whether
object is 'friendly' or 'enemy'.
† In case of conventional aircraft, declared 'enemy'/
'non-friendly', action will be taken by IAF. Action
will be taken by Police in case of sub-conventional
aircraft, declared 'enemy'/'non-friendly'.
• Criteria for declaring a sub-conventional aerial vehicle
'hostileʼ
† In case of 'unmanned', if sighted flying in any
'no-fly' zone, it can be declared 'hostile' and
engaged as per SOP.
9
† In case of 'manned', if sighted flying in any 'no-fly'
zone, it can be declared 'hostile' if
¡ Seen to be armed
¡ Seen to be carrying out hostile acts/flying in
hostile manner
¡ Already declared 'hostile' by IAF/Nodal officer
¡ Diverts from its flight path and does not revert
back despite orders/signal
• Security arrangements by Central Ministries and the
vital installations under Central Government
† Ministry will form Standing Group for coordination
and review of Security arrangements for its vital
installations with members from Ministry, IB,
Police, IAF, ADA and Navy/Coast Guards (in case
vital installation in coastal area). Periodical
meetings to be held.
† Sub-Committees will be formed for each vital
area/point, for quick reaction and coordination
with Standing Group, in case of contingency.
† Framing of 'Contingency Plan' for dealing with
aerial threats.
• Security arrangements by Central Government and
State/UTs
† Procedures, regulatory and penal provisions to
apprehend violators
† DGCA is the authority for issue of CAR (Civil
Aviation Regulation)/Rules/Regulation regarding
sub-conventional aerial platforms. CAR on Civil-
drones states, no RPAS (Drone) is to be flown
¡ Within 5 km from perimeter of airports in
Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata, Bengaluru
and Hyderabad.
¡ Within 3 km from perimeter of any civil,
private or defense airport.
¡ Above the obstacle limitation surface.
¡ Within permanent/temporary prohibited/
restricted/danger areas.
¡ Within 25 km of international border including
LoC.
¡ Within 500 m into sea from coast line.
¡ Within 3 km from perimeter of military
installation /facilities where activities /
Knowledge & Technology
exercises are being carried out unless cleared
by installation/facility.
¡ Other such specified places like Vijay Chowk,
MHA etc.
¡ Within 3km from perimeter of strategic
locations/vital installations notified by MHA.
etc.
† DGCA developed a mobile-application called
Digisky, through which applications for permission
to operate RPAS in particular areas can be made
online. The concerned agencies (DGCA, Central
Security agencies and State/local police) will
process the applications online.
¡ Considering the coordinates of vital
installations, sensitive areas, Defense
installations etc., Red Zone (No-fly), Yellow
Zone (fly subject to permission) and Green
Zone (may fly)
¡ Once declared, Red Zone can not be changed.
Only concerned agency can make changes to
Green/Yellow zones.
¡ Central/State Government/UT Administration
will declare 'NO DRONE ZONE' and its Security
forces will be free to shoot down non-
conventional aerial objects in these zones.
¡ All States/UTs to.
• Set up a Central Committee which will identify and
review Zoning on permanent/temporary bases.
• Set up Central Police Command Room (CPCR) to
coordinate action regarding RPASs.
• Identify equipment required to monitor and deal with
RPASs. Vital installations to approach their Ministries
for equipment.
¡ IAF will train Police and Security force of Vital
installations in visual observation, identification,
reporting and neutralization of RPASs.
¡ DGCA will provide training and familiarization
sessions to District administration and Security of
vital installations on topics of civil drones and
Digisky platform.
10
In conclusion, role of vital installations i.e. relevant
from Corporation point of view, is as follows:
• The Security of the vital installations will be responsible,
apart from other agencies, for engaging threat from
sub-conventional aerial platforms.
• In case any flying object is missed by IAF, it will be
responsibility of State/UT police and Security of vital
installation/area to take action against flying object and
its owner.
• To inform local police control room and IAF control room
immediately, on sighting an unconventional aerial
object, who will confirm whether it is 'friendly' or
'enemy/unknown'. Action to be taken accordingly.
• Ministry/management (of vital installations) will have
members on Standing Group for Coordination and
Review of Security Arrangements (SG-CRSA) for vital
installations, to be formed by Administrative Ministry/
Department. A sub-committee for each vital point/area
for purpose of quick reaction and coordination with SG-
CRSA will also be formed.
• SG-CRSA and sub-committees will frame a contingency
plan to deal with threats from such aerial threats. Mock
drills of the plan will be carried out.
• Coordinate for training of Security of vital installations
from IAF and DGCA in dealing with threats.
• In case, they have seen and taken action against a flying
object, they will inform the Police Control Room
• Give due publicity to inform the public at large that doing
so shall be an offence under section of IPC such as
section 121,121-A,287,336,337,338 etc of IPC
depending on the nature of offence/threat and distance
from the prohibited vital installation/area.
• Small flying platforms are extremely flexible &
maneuverable. It can be folded into portable packages
and reassembled easily. Hence, at ground level
intelligence channels at the police stations/security of
vital installation to be sensitized to remain on the lookout
for the presence of sub-conventional aerial vehicles/
RPAS in the vicinity of vital installations/sensitive areas.
Human intelligence is the most reliable way to prevent
such an attack.
Knowledge & Technology CHAPTER - 04

Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Operation of RPAS (DRONEs)

1. What is a drone and UAS?
Drone is a layman terminology for Unmanned Aircraft
(UA). There are three subsets of unmanned Aircraft, a)
Remotely Piloted Aircraft, b) Autonomous Aircraft and c)
Model Aircraft.
An aircraft and its associated elements, which are
operated with no pilot on board is called as Unmanned
Aircraft System (UAS).
2. What is Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS)
and its categories?
RPAS is one subset of UAS. A remotely piloted aircraft
(RPA), its associated remote pilot station(s), the
required command and control links and any other
components, as specified in the type design.
Civil RPA is categorized in accordance with MTOW
(Maximum Takeoff Weight) (including payload) as
indicated below:
i) Nano: Less than or equal to 250 grams.
ii) Micro: Greater than 250 grams and less than or
equal to 2 kg.
iii) Small: Greater than 2 kg and less than or equal to
25 kg.
iv) Medium: Greater than 25 kg and less than or equal
to 150 kg.
v) Large: Greater than 150 kg.
3. What does Civil Aviation Requirements (CAR) mean,
and when the same on Remotely Piloted Aircraft
System (RPAS) will be effective?
Civil Aviation Requirements (CAR) is a set of
regulations issued by the Directorate General of Civil
Aviation (DGCA). The CAR on RPAS shall be effective
from 1st December, 2018.
4. What is Digital Sky Platform, and when it will be
operational?
It is an online IT platform developed for handling UIN,
UAOP applications, permission to fly drones in India. The
link is now available in homepage of DGCA website
www.dgca.nic.in, and it is now operational from
1st December, 2018.
5. What permissions are required to operate drones
and from where?
Roles & responsibilities of govt. stakeholders on various
aspects of operation of civil remotely piloted aircraft
system are given below:

S. No. Stakeholder Responsibility

01 Directorate General of Civil Aviation • Import clearance
• Issuance of UIN
• Issuance & renewal of UAOP
• Suspension/Cancellation of UIN & UAOP in case of
violations of regulations.
02 Directorate General of Foreign Trade Import license
03 Ministry of Home Affairs Security clearance
04 Ministry of Defence Permission for aerial survey/imageries/videography/still photography
over the restricted/prohibited areas on case-to-case basis
05 Indian Air Force • Air Defence Clearance
• Monitoring of RPA movements in the country
06 Wireless Planning and Coordination Equipment Type Approval (ETA) or License for drone
Wing, DoT
07 Bureau of Civil Aviation Security Approval of Security Programme
08 Airport Authority of India • Flight Plan Approval
• Monitoring of RPA movements in the country
09 Local Police Office Enforcement of violators as per applicable IPCs

11
Knowledge & Technology
6. What are the requirements for import of Drones
(with or without camera) in India?
Any entity intending to import RPAS in India shall obtain
Equipment Type Approval (ETA) from WPC Wing,
Department of Telecommunication for operating in
de-licensed frequency band(s). Such approval shall be
valid for a particular make and model.
The applicant, other than Nano category, shall apply to
DGCA along with ETA for import clearance. Based upon
the import clearance issued by DGCA, DGFT shall issue
license for import of RPAS.
7. What is NPNT and how do I comply with that?
NPNT or 'No Permission – No Take-off” is a software
programme that enables every RPA (except Nano) to
obtain a valid permission through Digital Sky platform
before operating in India. Please contact your OEM/
manufacturer for complying with this requirement.
8. What is controlled and uncontrolled airspace?
Controlled airspace is airspace of defined dimensions
within which ATC services are provided. Uncontrolled
airspace is airspace where an Air Traffic Control (ATC)
service is not necessary or cannot be provided for
practical reasons.
9. I am intending to locally purchase one drone
operating in de-licensed frequency band, should I
still require ETA from WPC Wing, DoT?
ETA from WPC Wing is required for all wireless
equipment working in de-licensed frequency band(s) in
India. Ensure to get ETA from the seller or
manufacturer of RPA which is required to be uploaded
while applying for UIN.
10. Whether drones fall under the category of
restricted items for carrying in hand baggage in
aircrafts?
Drones are restricted items and can't be carried in hand
baggage.
11. Where can I find the filing instructions for UIN/
UAOP etc.?
Instructions for filing all applications online shall be
available in Digital Sky manual. The manual is available
12
in DGCA website homepage www.dgca.nic.in, and also
in the Digital Sky portal homepage. The Digital sky
manual is available in the above mentioned website
from 1st December, 2018.
12. I am a foreigner and want to fly drones in India.
What are the permission do I require?
Foreigners are currently not allowed to fly drones in
India. For commercial purpose, they need to lease RPAS
to an Indian entity who in-turn will obtain Unique
Identification Number (UIN) and UAOP from DGCA.
13. What is UIN?
UIN is unique identification number issued by DGCA for
a particular RPA (except Nano).
14. How much is the fees for UIN & UAOP?
For UIN: - One thousand Indian Rupees (` 1000/-).
For fresh UAO:- Twenty Five Thousand Rupees
(` 25,000/-)
For Renewal of UAOP:- Ten Thousand Rupees
(` 10,000/-)
15. Where do I pay fees for UIN and UAOP for drone?
You will be prompted for payment through payment
Gateway in the Digital Sky Platform.
Or
The link for paying the fees is https://
bharatkosh.gov.in /. You need to mention the
transaction receipt number and upload copy of the
payment receipt in Digital Sky Platform at the time of
your application.
16. How do I mark my unmanned aircraft with my
UIN?
After you have been issued with UIN for a particular
drone, engrave it on a fire resistant plate and firmly affix
on your drone. Ensure the number remains affixed to
the aircraft during routine handling and all operating
conditions and is readily accessible and legible upon
close visual inspection.
17. If I'm just flying my UAS inside a building, do I have
to register it?
For Nano, no UIN is required. However, for micro
category and above, UIN is required.
18. What is UAOP?
UAOP is Unmanned Aircraft Operator Permit
19. Who all are required to obtain UAOP?
All operators other than exempted categories
mentioned below are required to obtain
UAOP from DGCA:-
• Operators of Nano & Micro category in uncontrolled
airspace/enclosed premises upto 50ft and 200ft
respectively.
• RPA operated by NTRO, ARC, and Central
Intelligence Agencies.
20. What is the validity of UAOP?
Five years
21. What format do I use for renewal of UAOP?
Same format is used for issue/renewal of UAOP through
Digital Sky app. However, please note you will need
fresh security clearance from MHA.
22. How do I report an incident or accident?
The operator of all RPA except Nano RPA will notify any
incident/accident involving RPA to the Director of Air
Safety, DGCA through Digital Sky Platform.
23. I was travelling and lost my bag along with my
drone. Whom should I contact now?
Please lodge FIR immediately in local police and report
occurrence in Digital Sky along with a copy of FIR.
24. My drone is completely broken. Can I use its UIN
for another drone of same make and model?
No. The operator has to apply for fresh UIN.
25. I want to sell my used drone to someone. What is
the procedure?
RPAS if issued with UIN cannot be transferred or
disposed-off without permission from DGCA. You are
required for cancellation of UIN and the buyer has to
apply for fresh UIN through Digital Sky Platform.
26. We are a company registered elsewhere than in
India and we have a remote pilot who is licensed by
our civil aviation authority. We want to lend our
services to an Indian Organisation. What
permissions do we require?
13
Foreign Entity has to lease their RPAS to the Indian
Entity. The Indian entity shall apply for UIN and UAOP.
Remote Pilot (if a foreign national) should be security
cleared. Foreigners are currently not allowed to fly
drones in India.
27. Where should I apply for security clearance?
For security clearance, apply as per the form available in
the CAR on RPAS or Use “E Sahaj– Online portal for
processing security clearance applications” available in
DGCA homepage www.dgca.nic.in
28. I have a Nano drone. What permissions do I
require?
Nano RPA (less than 250 gm) is exempted from
obtaining UIN and UAOP. Please ensure not to fly it
beyond 50 ft (15m) AGL. Also, ensure you are not flying
in controlled air space and no other manned or
unmanned aircraft is flying nearby. If operations to be
done in controlled airspace you need to apply for UIN,
UAOP and your RPA shall be NPNT complaint. It is
recommended to fly in uncontrolled airspace/enclosed
premises and go through Do's and Don'ts every time
before you fly.
29. I have a micro drone engaged in wedding
photography, what permission do I need to keep
doing it legally.
• You need to obtain UIN.
• You will not require an UAOP if you are flying your
drone below 200 ft (60m) AGL in uncontrolled
airspace /enclosed premises. However, you shall
intimate the local police office at least 24 hours prior
to conduct of actual operations.
• Your drone needs to NPNT compliant and you have to
obtain permission through Digital Sky before flying.
30. I am an individual want to film my friend's
marriage using drones. What permission do I
need?
If you have a micro drone, flying within enclosed
premises and below 200ft then; you need to apply for
UIN and to intimate local police before operating your
drone. You will require UAOP and NPNT if you are flying
in controlled airspace.
Knowledge & Technology
Also ensure, no other manned or unmanned aircraft is
flying nearby.
31. Is delivery of items allowed under the DGCA CAR on
UAS?
Not allowed as of now.
32. I want to deliver food using drones and it will be
fully autonomous and fly below 50 ft. whom should
I contact for necessary permission.
Not allowed as of now.
33. Do I require remote pilot license to fly drone?
No, as of now but you need to undergo minimum
training requirements specified in the Civil Aviation
Requirements on “Requirements for Operation of
Civil RPAS”.
34. What are the minimum requirements and eligibility
for becoming a remote pilot for flying drones?
You should have attained 18 years of age, having
passed 10th exam in English, and undergone training at
DGCA approved flying training organisation (FTO).
35. Should I maintain flying log when and where I am
flying?
All individuals/operators (except Nano), shall maintain
records of each RPA flight records and should be
produced on demand by DGCA.
36. Should I maintain maintenance log for the
repair/maintenance carried out on RPAS?
All RPA holders shall maintain maintenance records and
should be able to produce on demand by DGCA.
37. What is the mandatory equipment required to fly
upto 400 ft. AGL?
Flying drone upto 400 ft. AGL and visual line of sight are
allowed. However, you need to have the following
equipment installed on your drones:
a) GNSS (GPS) for horizontal and vertical position fixing
b) Autonomous Flight Termination System or Return
Home (RH) option
c) Flashing anti-collision strobe lights
d) RFID and GSM SIM Card/NPNT compliant for APP
based real time tracking
14
e) Fire resistant identification plate inscribed with UIN
f) Flight Controller with flight data logging capacity.
g) SSR transponder (Mode 'C' or 'S') or ADS-B OUT
equipment
h) Barometric equipment with capability for remote
sub-scale setting
i) Geo-fencing capability
j) Detect and avoid capability
38. What is an SOP?
SOP or standard operating procedure is a catalogue of
procedures that is agreed between prospective UAOP
holder and DGCA for safe operation of drones in India.
39. What is the visual line of sight for flying a drone?
Generally 450m (unaided) in Visual Meteorological
Conditions (VMC) with a minimum ground visibility of
5 km.
40. I am a wedding photographer and I have a micro
drone. Most of the marriages in Northern India
happens after sunset. Can I use my drone for
covering marriages at night?
All drone operations are restricted to day light and
within visual line of sight. However, if you are shooting
in well-lit enclosed premises using micro drone upto
200 ft. AGL is allowable. Ensure your drone is NPNT
compliant and issued with UIN. Also, you need to inform
local police before flying. Ensure that you follow Do's
and Don'ts and respect individuals' privacy.
41. I have a Nano drone, should I also intimate local
police each time before I fly?
No. But there is no harm in keeping your local police
office informed. In addition, please go through Do's and
Don'ts before flying your Nano drone each time.
42. Can I use my small drone for agricultural purpose?
RPAS can be used for agricultural purpose except for the
purpose of spraying pesticides until specifically cleared.
43. I have developed a drone that can carry passenger,
where can I test it?
Carriage of explosives, animal or human payloads are
not allowed at this instance.
 Nevertheless, you can test your drones with dummy on DGCA has not stipulated any requirement on minimum
any of the test sites specified in the CAR. amount of insurance for any category of drone. It

44. What are no-drone zones? should be of an adequate amount to cover the risks,
damages or other factors that is posed by operation of
Areas over which flying a drone is prohibited /
drone. Further, it is an agreement between the
restricted. Please go through the list of no drone zones
insurance company and you (the policy holder).
in Civil Aviation Requirements.
49. What will be the enforcement action on violation of
45. What is the minimum distance to fly drones from
the rules and regulations for drones?
the border areas?
In case of violation of the rules and regulations for
You need to keep at least 25 km distance from
drones, the UIN/UAOP issued by DGCA shall be
international border which includes Line of Control
suspended /cancelled. Violation of compliance to any of
(LoC), Line of Actual Control (LAC) and Actual Ground
the requirements and falsification of records /
Position Line (AGPL).
documents shall attract penal action including
46. What if I require to fly over a no-drone zone for a
imposition of penalties as per applicable IPCs (such as
genuine purpose? How do I obtain special
287, 336, 337, 338 or any relevant section of IPC) or
authorisation for the same?
Aircraft Act 1934 or Aircraft Rules 1937 or any statutory
Flying drone over no-drone zone is prohibited. provisions.
However, DGCA may authorize such operations on
50. Where can I lodge my grievance regarding Drones?
case-to-case basis subject to approval of MoD.
You can lodge your grievance in www.pgportal.gov.in
47. What if I want to test my drone that built for night
51. Where do I file flight plan? What is the procedure
operation and beyond meteorological conditions,
for filing flight plan?
will I be permitted by DGCA?
You can file flight plan online through Digital Sky
DGCA may authorise such operation on case-to-case
Platform. Procedure for filing flight plan is available in
basis subject to adequate justification is provided by
Digital Sky manual. The link for the Digital Sky
you for safe conduct of RPAS operation. Please note,
platform/manual is available in homepage of DGCA
DGCA may impose additional conditions for permitting
website www.dgca.nic.in, and it is operational from
such operations.
1st December, 2018.
In addition, you may test your drone in the test sites
Note: FAQs are downloaded from the DGCA
specified in the Civil Aviation requirements.
website. For any further clarification/elaboration
48. What is the minimum amount of insurance should I
may kindly refer the original policy on DRONE
require for my drone?
approved by DGCA.

DISCLAIMER
The Articles published in the Sajag (e-magazine) for information only. The opinions expressed are the opinions of the author and does not, in any
way, reflect the opinion of Corporate Security, IOCL. Hence, Corporation assumes no liability or responsibility for any inaccurate, delayed or
incomplete information nor for any actions taken in reliance thereon.

15
Knowledge & Technology
Essential Security Equipments - Standard Specifications
Threats and vulnerabilities to our vital and critical
infrastructures have been increased manifold. Accordingly,
proactive approach to be adopted to have robust security
setup with technology at forefront. As there were no
standard specifications available for security equipments, as
a result, locations were facing problems because of the fact
that market is flooded with the numerous technologies and
selection of right equipment is really a challenge.
Accordingly, the Corporate Security team has explored
leading OEMs, technologies, techniques, configurations and
its usability to our system.
After extensive deliberations & discussions and field trials,
specifications of following security equipments have been
standardised and approved by Advisor (Security) to use in
our installations as per requirement. We are giving salient
features of security equipments for ready reference
However for detailed specifications you may kindly refer the
approved documents uploaded on the IOCL Intranet CO
Security Web Portal.
1 X-Ray scanner for Materials /Baggage /Mail
screening (XBIS):
The X-Ray scanner technology is equipped with the
advanced X-Ray image detection system and combines
the advantages of the active semiconductor detector,
digital image processing technology, and computer
image display.
Salient Features:
• Dual X-ray generator/View Technology based
inspection system for scanning and automatic
detection of Explosives, Liquids & Liquid Explosives
and other contraband substances in hand luggage,
parcels etc.
• Dual view technology to produce two simultaneous
high resolution X-Ray images (vertical and horizontal
views) of the scanned objects. To provide a more
complete image, thereby reducing the need for
repositioning and rescanning and enabling rapid
16
CHAPTER - 05
Contributed by: A. Sreenivasan, GM (Security), CO
Ashish Singh M (Security), CO
Shyam Sundar, AM (Security), CO
throughput, accurate and comprehensive threat
detection with lower false alarm rates.
• Featured with dual view design, generating high
resolution X-Ray images of each view will be shown
on a dedicated monitor, thus dangerous/illegal
objects hidden beneath overlapping area are more
likely to be detected and identified.
• Built with Multi Energy X-Ray imaging facility where
materials of different atomic number will be displayed
in different colours to distinguish between organic
and inorganic materials. Also enables to distinguish
high density organic materials including explosives,
narcotics and any other illegal objects and should
have variable colour or material stripping to facilitate
the operator to monitor images of organic materials
for closer scrutiny of all suspicious items.
• Designed for automatic detection and alarm for
explosives & drugs without stopping of conveyor belt
and pressing of any on key on the keyboard.
• Built with advanced computer technologies, complex
analyses for carrying out in real-time analysis,
maximising baggage throughput without hampering
normal checkpoint procedures.
2 Under Vehicle Surveillance System (UVSS) :
The main function of an UVSS is to detect harmful,
dangerous and unwanted foreign objects like
explosives and drugs in the captured image of the under
belly of vehicles.
Salient Features:
• Dual Area-Scan GigE camera Technology based
bi-directional Under Vehicle Scanning System (UVSS).
• The system shall be designed such that each area
scan camera captures full under body and generate
high resolution complete composite image of any
vehicle moving over it, even when a vehicle
completely stops/halts over. Then the system shall
 generate single morphed image for view maximum
under body area at a glance and also enable to view
individual camera capture of respective vehicle.
• System shall be capable of Automatic Foreign Object
Detection (AFOD) enabling indication of specious
objects unless camouflaged for effective observation
& deterrence. Suitable data base of under body
image of all vehicles relevant to respective location to
be created and maintained in the UVSS. The false
indication error tolerance shall be up to minimum
50% of vehicle flow, which is to be calibrated
continuously for a period of 2 years for improvement
up to 75% or more.
• The illumination set up over Area Scan Camera
module shall be adequate with dual array of long life
LED lighting modules.
• System shall have an Automatic Number Plate
Reading System (ANPRS) with separate IP camera to
automatically read all moving vehicles' registration
number plates alpha-numeric characters written in
English. Also, the frontal image of the vehicle to be
provided in Graphical User Interface (GUI) to
facilitate manual viewing of registration number
plate.
4 Multi Zone Door Frame Metal Detector (MZDFMD):
• System shall have separate IP camera for capturing
face of driver of all RHS driven vehicles
• System shall be capable of handling vehicles (Cars/
LCV/HCV) moving at different speeds ranging from
0-30 km/hr
• System shall be built with suitable DNS server to have
data backup for 90 days @ 1000 vehicles per day at
least and the same automatically rewrite the earlier
data in FIFO (First in and First out) sequence
3 Bollard:
A bollard is a sturdy, short, vertical post. It is used for
preventing gate crashing, ram raiding and vehicle
ramming attacks.
Salient Features:
• M40 Crash rated Electro-Hydraulic Bollards for
vehicle access control and forced entry deterrent at
oil installations
17
• Electro-Hydraulic bollard drive unit shall be integral
part of each bollard
• Bollards operating independently or in sets of two or
more
• Impact Energy: 1110 KJ or more as per ASTM F2656/
BSI PAS 68/ISO IWA 14
• Rising Time: Not more than 6 Sec.
• Lowering Time: Not more than 5 Sec.
• Emergency Action: Emergency fast operation (EFO)
not more than 3 seconds for raising
• Bollards shall be operable at least one time during
emergency in case of power failure through
accumulator
• Group Bollard Failure: Individual bollard failure shall
not affect the operation of other bollards
• Bollard remains in the raised position during power
failure and can be lowered manually
• The controls will be PLC based
• Physically type tested on single bollard for minimum
M40 crash rating criteria as per ASTM F2656/
BSI PAS 68/ISO (International Organisation for
Standardization) IWA 14.
MZDFMD are used to scan personnel walking through
these detection systems for screening of restricted
items like presence of ferrous, non-ferrous and stainless
steel objects.
Salient Features:
• Fully digital design dual side with 20 localization
Zones Door Frame Metal Detector (MZDFMD) shall
provide precise location of one or more objects
simultaneously.
• MZDFMD shall be designed for Ultra-High Sensitivity
capability to detect both ferrous & non-ferrous metals
including disposable razor blades, special metal items
(e.g. AISI 300 series stainless steel), Bullets and
smallest metal items anywhere on or in the body
simultaneously irrespective of the orientations,
weight, size and shape of the object.
• Optical indicators shall be fully programmable; both
Knowledge & Technology
gate sides can indicate either separately or
simultaneously vertical transit zones of detected
threats.
• Walk-through gate structure design shall be a state-
of-the-art, robust and washable panels. Also
protected against aging, weather and deterioration.
• MZDFMD shall have inbuilt feature of auto calibration.
5 Hand Held Metal Detector (HHMD):
HHMD are used for screening ferrous, non–ferrous and
stainless steel objects being carried by the personnel.
This helps the security personnel to ensure that the
personnel entering in the premises are not carrying any
object which could be used as weapons. HHMD is
capable of detecting small restricted metal objects.
Salient features:
• Hand-held metal detector shall be designed
ergonomically fits comfortably in virtually any size
hand to handle for easy control and grip to thoroughly
scan an individual, while keeping your hand away
from their body.
• Optimum sensitivity: Shall detect ferrous, non-
ferrous and stainless steel weapons, contraband and
other metal objects.
• Sensitivity settings shall be adjustable w.r.t size/type
of object.
• Construction: Shall be rugged and impact resistant
ABS moulded casing
• Scan rate: Minimum 3” to 24”/sec.
• Weight of HHMD: Maximum 550 gms with battery.
• Dimensions:
a) Length: Maximum 500 mm
b) Probe width: Maximum 150 mm
c) Body width: Maximum 65 mm
• Tuning: Automatic to ensure equal results on wide
range of metals & alloys.
• Design with 3600 detection to provide uniform
18
sensitivity and tip pinpointing to detect weapons and
other metal objects with extreme accuracy.
• Designed with elongated scan surface for easy
scanning from head to foot.
• Features self calibration to eliminate the need for
periodic sensitivity adjustments.
6 Boom Barrier:
A boom barrier, also known as a boom gate, is a bar, or
pole pivoted to allow the boom to block vehicular access
through a controlled point. Typically the tip of a boom
gate rises in a vertical arc to a near vertical position.
Boom gates are often counter weighted, so the pole is
easily tipped.
Salient Features:
• Boom Barrier built with Micro Drive latest technology
driven or equivalent built with direct drive mechanism
for vehicle access control
• Boom Barrier shall be designed such that in case of
vehicle hitting the Boom, the Boom shall get
detached and fall away on the sides without
damaging assembly of Boom Barrier
• The electric motor drive along with electronic control
system shall be positioned on top of the barrier
housing for easy maintenance and normal flood
impact
• The Boom Barrier shall withstand wind velocity of
minimum 10 beaufort
• The Boom Barrier shall open and close smoothly
without any vibration
• Duty cycle of Boom Barrier shall be 100% and be
capable of functioning 24 x 7 without any resting with
at least 10 + million opening and closing cycles
• Provision to integrate with other peripheral devices
like ACS, Beam Sensors etc.
Note: If any reader needs clarification /further
elaboration on the above issues, may contact to
Shri A. Sreenivasan, GM (Security), CO.
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Quiz

SECURITY QUIZ – on DRONES

Q. 1- RPAS stands for? Q. 2- BCAS stands for?
(a) Remotely Piloted (b) Remotely Paraglide (a) Bureau of Chemical (b) Bureau of Civil
Aircraft System Aircraft System and Atomic Society Aircraft Security
(c) Reverse Piloted (d) Re engaged Piloted (c) Bureau of Common (d) Bureau of Civil
Aircraft System Aerial System Aviation Security Aviation Security
Q. 3- DGCA stands for? Q. 4- GPS stands for?
(a) Director General of (b) Director of Geo (a) Geo Positioning (b) Global Positioning
Chemical & Atomic energy positioning of Civil Aircraft System System
(c) Directorate General (d) Department of General c) Government (d) Global positioning
of Civil Aviation Civil Aviation Procurement System of satellite
Q. 5 RFID stands for? Q. 6- VLOS stands for?
(a) Radio Frequency (b) Rapid Frequency (a) Variable Longitude (b) Visual Line-
Identification Modular Identification Observatory System of-Sight
(c) Radio Frequency (d) Remote Frequency (c) Very Long Observation (d) Variable Linear
Intensifier Device Identification for Satellite image of Satellite
Q. 7- SIM stands for? Q. 8- UAV stands for?
(a) System Identification (b) Similar identification (a) Unmanned Aerial (b) Unwanted Aerial
Modules Methods Vehicles Vehicle
(c) Satellite Identification (d) Subscriber Identity (c) Uniform Aerial (d) Unique Airborne
Module Module Vehicles Vehicle
Q. 9- CAV stands for? Q. 10- NCAV stands for?
(a) Common Aerial Vehicles (b) Civil Aviation (a) Non Conventional (b) Non Critical Aerial
Velodrome Aerial Vehicles Vehicles
(c) Combined Air Velocity (d) Conventional (c) Navigation Controlled (d) New Civil Aviation
Aerial Vehicles Algorithm for Vehicles Verticles

Correct Answers: Q.1 (a), Q.2 (d), Q.3 (c), Q.4 (b), Q.5 (a), Q.6 (b), Q.7 (d), Q.8 (a), Q.9 (d), Q.10 (a)

Definitions used in various chapters under "Knowledge & Technology segment"

Command and Control (C2) Link - The data link between the UA and the remote pilot
station for the purpose of managing the flight.
Controlled Airspace - Airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic
Control service is provided in accordance with the airspace classification.
Danger Area - Airspace of defined dimensions within which activities Dangerous to
the flight of aircraft exist at specified times. Such timings are notified through
NOTAMs.
Geo-fencing - Feature in a software programme that uses the global positioning
system or radio frequency identification to define geographical boundaries.
Operator 2 - A person, organization or enterprise engaged in or offering to engage in
an aircraft operation.
Owner - A natural or legal person who owns a remotely piloted aircraft and its
remote pilot station.
Payload - All components of equipment on board the unmanned aircraft that are
not needed for the flight or its control. Its transport aims exclusively to fulfil a
specific mission.
Prohibited Area - Airspace of defined dimensions, above the land areas or territorial
waters of India within which the flights are not permitted at any time under any
circumstances.
Remote Pilot - A person charged by the operator with duties essential to the
operation of a remotely piloted aircraft and who manipulates the flight controls, as
appropriate, during flight time.
Remote Pilot Station - (RPS) The component of remotely piloted aircraft system
containing the equipment used to pilot the remotely piloted aircraft.
Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) - An unmanned aircraft, which is piloted from a
remote pilot station.
Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) - A remotely piloted aircraft, its
associated remote pilot station(s), the required command and control links and any
other components, as specified in the type design.
Restricted Area - Airspace of defined dimensions above the land areas or territorial
waters of India within which the flight of aircraft is restricted.
RPA Observer - A trained and competent person designated by the operator who, by
visual observation of the remotely piloted aircraft, assists the remote pilot in the safe
conduct of the flight.
Unmanned Aircraft (UA) - An aircraft, which is intended to operate with no pilot on
board.
Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) - An aircraft and its associated elements, which
are operated with no pilot on board.
Visual line-of-sight (VLOS) operation - Operation in which the remote pilot or RPA
observer maintains direct unaided visual contact with the remotely piloted aircraft.

20
Events

2 Day Security Review of Marketing Division at Coorg

A two-day Security Review Meet of Marketing Division was held at Coorg on 24th and 25th June, 2019. Mr. B. K. Ravi, IPS,
Advisor (Security), in his inaugural address, conveyed that the fruitful discussions, sharing of information and experience by
all regions and HO will add value to the team security. We must introspect in retrospection and stressed upon learning through
test and experience, he added. Review meet concluded with many decisions & actions which will help team security to take
further action to strengthen the security of vital national assets.

Advisor (Security) Inaugurated Cyber Security Workshop at NRO Delhi

The Security Department of Northern Region (Marketing
Division), Delhi has organized a first ever security
workshop at NRO on 12th June, 2019. Advisor (Security)
has inaugurated the security workshop in the presence of
Shri Harsh Sachdev, ED (NR) & Shri R.K. Chugh, GM (Sec)
NR. Advisor (Security) while inaugurating the workshop
highlighted the awareness towards cyber security &
cautioned to be more careful while using free internet.
Shri. Harsh Sachdev, ED (NR) deliberated the importance
of cyber security in view of digitalization of information &
thanked Advisor (Security) for arranging very
knowledgeable faculty from IB. The expert faculties were
invited from Intelligence Bureau (IB)-MHA & COIS. The
Cyber Security Workshop was very well received by
participants.

21
Events

IOCL Participated in National Security Strategies Conference at Vigyan Bhawan

The Corporate Security team had showcased Integrated
Security System Management (iSSM) setup/features at an
exhibition at Vigyan Bhawan, Delhi organized by
Intelligence Bureau (IB) during National Security Strategies
Conference on 27th & 28th June, 19.
A security film on iSSM concept development and state-of-
the-art technologies featuring on the following soft
applications was made & screened:
a. Unified Command & Control (UC&C)
b. Video Management System (VMS)
c. Video Analytics
d. Face Picture Matching/Recognition
e. Access Recording & Control System (ARCS) It was a matter of great pride & privilege for IndianOil
Advisor (Security) while talking has elaborated that Indian Corporate Security team to participate in this prestigious
Oil Corporate Security team has conceptualized and steering Strategies Conference & was appreciated by senior IB
a pilot project on integrated Security System Management officials. It is noteworthy to mention that participation in this
(iSSM), compliant to OSIPP 2010, comprehends access conference was by invitation only. Senior officials from
recording and control the security principles like: MHA/IB/BSF/CISF/BHEL/ITBP had par ticipated &
a. Respect all, Suspect all and Inspect all interacted with team security & appreciated the concept
b. Prepare and Prevent than to Repair and Repent of iSSM.

DGP, Haryana Inaugurated 3 day Security Workshop at IiPM on

"Security for Business Prosperity"
The three-day workshop was organized from 4th to 6th July, 2019 by IndianOil's Corporate Security Department on the theme
”Security for Business Prosperity”, was inaugurated at IiPM Gurugram, on 4th July, 2019 by Shri Manoj Yadava, IPS, DGP, Haryana,
in the august presence of Shri B. K. Ravi, IPS, Advisor (Security), Shri C.K.Tiwari, ED, (IiPM) & Shri Deepak Agarwal, ED (COIS)

22
Events

Northern Region of Marketing Division Organized Workshop for Security Guards

In order to sensitize the security guards posted at Northern Region of Marketing, an awareness security workshop was
organized on 15th May, 2019. The workshop was inaugurated by Mr. Manish Patil, CGM (HR), NRO in the presence of R. K.
Chugh, GM (Security) NR & Sh. Uma Shankar, GM (A&W) NRO.

2nd OSCC Meeting of Mizoram State

The 2nd Onshore Security Coordination Committee Meeting was organised at the picturesque city of Aizawl, Mizoram on
29th May, 2019. The meeting was chaired by Mr. Balaji Srivastava IPS, DGP, Mizoram in presence of Mr. B. K. Ravi, IPS, Advisor
(Security) and Convener (OSCC Mizoram) and Mr. Uttiya Bhattacharyya, CGM, IndianOil AOD and Nodal Officer (OSCC
Mizoram). Present on the occasion were senior Police Officers from State Police Head Quarters, OMC members, Intelligence
Bureau, Mining, Home Department along with officers from IndianOil.

23
Events

2nd Onshore Security Coordination Committee Meeting of Bihar

The 2nd OnShore Security Coordination Committee (OSCC) meeting for the State of Bihar was held on 26th July'2019 at Patna.
Mr. Gupateshwar Pandey, IPS, DG, Bihar Police, and Chairman of OSCC Bihar opened the meeting with a prologue that trust is
the essence of any action and that deterrence itself is not a preeminent value, the primary value are Security and Trust. The
opening address was delivered by Mr. B. K. Ravi, IPS, Advisor (Security). Mr. Vibhash Kumar, Executive Director, Bihar State
Office emphasized on the fact that IOCL locations are at the strategic places, there is a need for going hand in hand with the
Police department and whose help and support is needed for us at varied junctions for smooth & interacted supply of
petroleum products.

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dks lQy cukus esa enn djsaA
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24
 Do's & Don'ts Regarding Operation of RPAS
Do's Don'ts
1. Ensure your Drone (except Nano in 1. Don't fly a Nano drone above 50ft
uncontrolled airspace upto 50ft) is (15m) from the ground level.
Digital Sky. “No Permission-No Take 2. Don't fly a Micro drone above 200ft
off” (NPNT) Compliant. (60m) from the ground level.
2. Obtain Unique Identification Number 3. Don't fly drones more than 400ft (120m) from the
(UIN) from DGCA for operating in controlled airspace ground level.
and affix it on your drone.
4. Don't fly drone near other aircraft (manned or
3. Obtain Unmanned Aircraft Operator Permit (UAOP), if unmanned).
applicable from DGCA for commercial operations and 5. Don't fly drone near airports and heliports.
keep it handy. 6. Don't fly drone over groups of people, public events, or
4. Obtain Permission before each flight through Digital Sky stadiums full of people without permission.
Platform. 7. Don't fly drone over government facilities/military
5. Ensure drone is in good condition (not damaged) and fit bases or over/near any no-drone zones.
for flying safely. 8. Don't fly drone over private property unless permission

6. Keep an eye on interference: Interference can be from is given.

mobile devices or blockage of signals, do watch out 9. Don't fly drone in controlled airspace near airports
when flying your drone. without filing flight plan or

7. Fly only during daylight (after sunrise to before sunset). 10. AAI/ADC permission (at least 24 hours before actual
operation). Don't drop or carry hazardous material.
8. Fly in good weather: Good weather lets you not only fly
11. Don't fly drone under the influence of drugs or alcohol.
your drone better but also keep track of it in the air.
12. Don't fly drone from a moving vehicle, ship or aircraft.
9. Fly in visual line of sight (VLOS): Always be within visual
range of your drone.

10. Follow Flying Guidelines.

11. Do your homework before spending the considerable

money for a drone. Make sure you clearly understand all
operational and regulatory aspects.

12. Be aware of Airspace Restrictions/No Drone Zones.

13. Do stay away from airports and heliports.

14. Respect privacy of people.

15. Keep local police informed about your drone flying

activity. If you are ever approached by police provide all
requisite information.

16. Do log your flights and intimate concerned authorities

(like DGCA, local police etc.) of any incidents/accidents.

25
Corporate Security Department