KASAYSAYAN/ HISTORY
pinagkukuwentuhang mga tao
 HISTORY
HISTORY is not the PAST
The past is the continuous events that
occurred or are passing by at the moment,
while History is the knowledge about the
past or certain aspects of the past.
 History is the inquiry and narration of
(significant) events.
 “History is an unending dialogue between
the present and the past and the chief
function of the historian is to master and
understand the past as a key to the
understanding of the present.” – E.H. Carr
 “History as a DISCIPLINED INQUIRY
aims to sustain the widest possible
definition of memory, and TO MAKE THE
PROCESS OF RECALL AS ACCURATE
AS POSSIBLE, so that our knowledge of
the past is not confined to what is
immediately relevant.” (Toss 1999, 2)
KASAYSAYAN
 “Isang SALAYSAY na may SAYSAY sa
PINAGSASALAYSAYANG salinlahi.” –
Zeus Salazar
 Salaysay= isang kuwento (may paksa, may
daloy, may importanteng mga detalye)
galing sa ibang ibang batis
 Saysay= may kahalagahan o
pagpapahalagang magaganap; may
matututunan
 Pinagsasalaysayang salinlahi= akma sa  Principle of PROCESS: recognition of
interconnectedness of certain events over
time.
BAKIT BA BINABALIKAN ANG
NAKARAAN?  HISTORICAL AWARENESS
 Upang malaman ang nakaraan (know the “…respecting the autonomy of the past,
past); and attempting to reconstruct it in all its
strangeness before applying its insights to
 Upang maintindihan ang kasalukuyan
the present.” (Toss 1999, 9)
(understand the present);
EMPATHY
 Upang mapaghandaan ang hinaharap
(prepare for the future);
 Upang maipagmalaki ang pinagmulang 1ST SEM FINAL REFLECTION PAPER
kabihasnan (take pride of your culture and
 Tatlong Papel na 1000-2000 salita ang
identity).
bawat isa.
HISTORY/KASAYSAYAN
 Isang papel tungol sa isang bagay mula sa
 “History fulfill a fundamental human need: nakaraang sampung taon na sa palagay
it integrates the lives of individuals into the ninyo ay may historical impact;
collective current of life.” (Florescano 1994,
 Isang papel na sumusuri ng isang bagay
44)
mula sa National Library Digital Archives
 It confers a moral sense to actions,
 At isang papel tungkol sa isang
immortality to mortals, discovery of the
event/activity sa UPLB ngayong sem.
marginalized, and rejuvenation of the old
(Ibid)  Lahat ng mga papel ay gagamitan ng isa o
dalawang konsepto/aralin mula sa ating
PRINCIPLES OF HISTORICAL
kurso.
AWARENESS
 Deadline: November 15, 2019 (Biyernes)
 Principle of DIFFERENCE: recognition
of the variance and changes of our time to
other ages in history while also
acknowledging our connections as human
beings;
 Principle of CONTEXT: the subject must
be understood in its own time and space;
 DOING HISTORY: SOURCES (BATIS),
TIME FRAMES (PAGPAPANAHON),
AND PERSPECTIVES (PANANAW),
SOURCES (BATIS)
Primary Sources: documents or narratives
from person who personally witnessed an
event (diary, eye-witness accounts,
autobiography, etc.)
Secondary Sources: any document written
as reaction/discussion on the primary
TIME FRAMES
sources
Tertiary Sources: “reaction to the
reaction”
Tricky part: Translations and oral history
SOURCES (BATIS)
External Criticism: physical aspect of the
source
Internal Criticism: language, correctness
of details, meanings
TIME FRAMES
Synchronic vs Diachronic (Linguistics;
Ferdinand de Saussure)
Diachronic- study of language or an
object/event through periods of time in
history
Synchronic- study of language or an
object/event in a specific period/context in
history
Bipartite View (Dilim- Liwanag) : we
were savages before the arrival of the
colonizers, and they brought with them
culture and civility;
Tripartite View (Liwanag- Dilim-
Liwanag) (c/o Jose Rizal) : we were already
civilized and we had a beautiful culture
prior to the arrival of the colonizers. They
“destroyed” that culture but we will rebuild
and regain it again.
PANTAYONG PANANAW (ZEUS
SALAZAR)
Pangsila, Pangkayo, Pangkami-
Outsider’s Language
Pantayo- Insider’s Language
Pangsila, Pangkayo, Pangkami-
Outsider’s Perspective
Pantayo- Insider’s Perspective
Pangsila, Pangkayo, Pangkami-
Outsider’s Power
Pantayo- Insider’s Power
BEING CAREFUL IN USING
PANTAYONG PANANAW
1. The creation and possible discrimination
of the “Other” (Xenophobia) plus the
question of who constitutes “Tayo”?
2. Invention of traditions and skewed
interpretation of history

EXAMPLE: THE BIBLE PANTAYONG PANANAW (ZEUS SALAZAR) 3. Misunderstanding and other issues
concerning language
❑ Bakit Day 1 ginawa ang liwanag tapos Pangsila- An outsider talking about a
Day 4 pa lang yung araw, buwan, at mga certain group to another outsider 4. Maganda ang Pantayong Pananaw basta
bituin? aware ka sa scope and limitations ng
Pangkayo- An outsider talking to a certain paggamit nito.
❑ POETRY group about themselves

Day 1= Light Day 4= Sun, Pangkami- An insider talking about his/her

Moon, Stars group to an outsider

Day 2= Sky and Seas Day 5=Sky and Pantayo- An insider talking about the
Sea Animals group for the group themselves

Day 3= Dry land and plants Day 6=Land

Animals