Bohr Atomic Model

( B 1) Direct application of hypothesis of Bohr Atomic Model

Q1. Suppose potential energy between electron and proton at separation r is given by U = k
log r, where K is a constant. For such a hypothetical hydrogen atom, calculate the radius
of nth Bohr’s orbit and energy levels.
Q2. An electron of mass m moves along a circular orbit in a spherically symmetric potential
field U = kr2. Assuming Bohr’s quantization rule to be valid, find the permissible orbital
radii of electron.
Q3. Using the Bohr’s quantization condition find the permissible orbital radii and energy levels
of a particle of mass m moving along a circular orbit, whose potential field is given by
kr 2
U(r)= .
2
Q4. A particle of mass m and charge -2q is revolving around a heavy nucleus of charge +q in
a circular orbit. Assuming Bohr’s atomic model to be applicable to this system, calculate
the centripetal acceleration of the revolving particle for its first shell.
( B 2) Application of results of Bohr Atomic Model
Q1. A single electron orbits a stationary nucleus of charge +Ze, where Z is a constant and e
is the magnitude of the electronic charge. It requires 47.2 eV to excite the electron from
the second Bohr orbit to third Bohr orbit. Find
( a) the value of Z
( b) the energy required to excite the electron from the third to the fourth Bohr orbit
( c) the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation required to just remove the electron from
the first Bohr orbit to infinity.
( d) the kinetic energy, the potential energy and the angular momentum of the electron in
the first Bohr orbit.
(e) the radius of the first Bohr orbit.
Assume that the ionization energy of hydrogen atom = 13.6 eV.
8
Bohr radius=5.310 11 m, velocity of light=310 m/s, Planck’s constant = 6.6 10 34 J-s)
Q2. Imagine an atom made up of a proton and a hypothetical particle of double the mass of
electron but having the same charge as electron. Assuming Bohr atomic model is
applicable, find the shortest wave length of the photon in terms of c (velocity of the light
and R = Rydeberg constant) emitted by such an atom when excited.
Q3. A He  ion is excited by a photon of energy 48.35 eV. Find the wavelength of the photon
emitted when the He ions return to their ground state. If these radiation fall on a metallic
plate of work function 6 eV, find the wavelength of the photo electrons emitted, having the
maximum possible kinetic energy.
Q4. The energy levels of a hypothetical one electron atom are given by
18.0
En   eV, where n=1,2,3, ...
n2
( a) Compute the four lowest energy levels and construct the energy level diagram.
( b) What is the excitation potential of the stage n = 2?
( c) What wavelengths (A) can be emitted when these atoms in the ground state are
bombarded by electrons that have been accelerated through a potential difference of
16.2 V?
( d) If these atoms are in the ground state, can they absorb radiation having a wavelength
of 2000 A?
( e) What is the photoelectric threshold wavelength of this atom?
Q5. Assume hydrogen atom to be mono-atomic. Find the temperature at which the average
translational kinetic energy would be numerically equal to the energy required to raise
the hydrogen atom from the first excited state to the second excited state.
Q6. A spherical shell placed in an open atmosphere has initial temperature 2.2T0 (T0 is
 hc 
temperature of atmosphere) and shell is radiating a wavelength 1  1  m
 108.8eV 
corresponding to maximum intensity of radiation. A point source of constant power

21
 operating inside the spherical shell is giving it a constant power P0 = 0.4s T04 (where ,
s and  represents Stefan’s constant, surface area and emissivity of material of shell).
When the shell attains the steady state, the wavelength of radiation corresponding to
maximum intensity, falls over hydrogen like atom , and gets ionised (assuming the
electron is ejected from ground state). Find atomic number Z for the atom. (Assume that
temperature difference is very small in comparison to T0)
Q7. A sample of hydrogen like ions is in some higher excited state. It successively emit
photons of energy 5.95 eV, 17 eV and 91.8 eV and comes to ground state. While if it
absorbs photon of energy 2.76 eV it can emit 6 possible wavelengths before coming to
first excited state. Find
( a) atomic number of sample ions. ( b) quantum number of initial excited state.
( B3) COME, COLM, and COAL with Bohr Atomic model
Q1. A particle of mass m moving with velocity v
v decays into two particles of equal m m/2
masses having equal speeds. The angle 120
v
between velocities of the daughter m/2
particles is 120 as shown in the figure.
v
Find the ratio of de Broglie wavelengths
of parent to that of one of the daughter
particles.
Q2. A neutron of kinetic energy 108.8 eV collides 4 He
2
inelastically with a singly ionized helium atom at
rest in its ground state. Both the neutron and the 1 4 He 45
n
helium atom are scattered at an angle 45 with 0 2 45
respect to the original direction of the neutron.
1n
Find 0

( a) the kinetic energies of the neutron and the helium atom just after the collision.
( b) the state to which the He atom is excited in the collision.
Given: Mass of Helium atom is equal to four times the mass of the neutron.
 h h h 
( 2) de-Broglie’s Hypothesis      
 p mv 2mK 
Q1. An electron in hydrogen like atom is in excited state. It has a total energy of  3.4eV.
Calculate
( a) kinetic Energy in Joules, and
( b) the de-Broglie wavelength of the electron.
Q2. A source of radiation consisting of Be3  ions excited to their third excited state is being
used to have photoelectric emission on a metallic plate with work function 8 eV.
( a) What are the possible energies of the emitted photons from the Be3 
( b) Find the minimum de-Broglie wavelength of the emitted photoelectrons.

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ANSWER: Bohr Atomic Model
( B1) Direct application of hypothesis of Ans3. 292.8A 
Bohr Atomic Model Ans4. ( a) 1.125 eV, 2.0 eV, 4.5 eV, 18eV
nh k   n 2h2   ( b) 4.5 V
Ans1. 1  log  2    
2 mk 2   4  mk   ( c) 4970 A ,920 A , 777 A
( d) No, 13.5 eV
rh
Ans2. ( e) 690 A
2 2km Ans5.
nh h Ans6. 2
Ans3. ,n  Ans7. ( a) 3 ( b) 4
2k 2
2q 6 m ( B3) COME, COLM, and COAL with Bohr
Ans4. Atomic model
h 4  03 Ans1. 1
( B 2) Application of results of Bohr Ans2. ( a) 54.4 eV, 13.6 eV
Atomic Model ( b) first excited state
Ans1. ( a) 5 ( b) 16.53 eV ( c) 36.5 A ( d) ( 2) de-Broglie’s Hypothesis
1.055  10 34 J  s ( e) 0.106 A Ans1. ( a) 5.44  1019 J ( b) 6.6  1010m
1 Ans2. ( a) E43=10.57 eV, E42=40.8 eV,
Ans2. E41=204 eV, E32=30.23 eV, E31= 193.43
2R eV and E21=163.2 eV
( b) 0.981A 

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ANSWER: Bohr Atomic Model

( B1) Direct application of hypothesis of Ans3. 292.8A 
Bohr Atomic Model Ans4. ( a) 1.125 eV, 2.0 eV, 4.5 eV, 18eV
nh k   n 2h2   ( b) 4.5 V
Ans1. 1  log  2    
2 mk 2   4  mk   ( c) 4970 A ,920 A , 777 A
( d) No, 13.5 eV
rh
Ans2. ( e) 690 A
2 2km Ans5.
nh h Ans6. 2
Ans3. ,n  Ans7. ( a) 3 ( b) 4
2k 2
2q 6 m ( B 3) COME, COLM, and COAL with Bohr
Ans4. Atomic model
h 4  03 Ans1. 1
( B 2) Application of results of Bohr Ans2. ( a) 54.4 eV, 13.6 eV
Atomic Model ( b) first excited state
Ans1. ( a) 5 ( b) 16.53 eV ( c) 36.5 A ( d) ( 2) de-Broglie’s Hypothesis
1.055  10 34 J  s ( e) 0.106 A Ans1. ( a) 5.44  10 19 J ( b) 6.6  1010m
1 Ans2. ( a) E43=10.57 eV, E42=40.8 eV,
Ans2. E41=204 eV, E32=30.23 eV, E31= 193.43
2R eV and E21=163.2 eV
( b) 0.981A 

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SOLUTION: Bohr Atomic Model
( B 1) Direct application of hypothesis of Bohr Atomic Model
dU k mv 2 k
Sol1. F    F    or mv 2  k.
dr r r r
According to Bohr’s Atomic Model
h nh
mvr  n r 
2 2 mk
k k
E  U  1/ 2mv 2  klogr   (2logr  1)
2 2
2 2
k k   n h 
 (1  logr 2 )  1  log  2 
2 2   4  mk  
du
Sol2. F  2kr , Negative sign indicates attractive force.
dr
mv 2
Therefore  2kr
r
nh
Using mvr 
2
2k 2 nh rh
Eliminating v we get m r  r
m 2 2  km
2
dU mv
Sol3. F=   kr  kr  = mr2…………..( 1), and
dr r
nh
mvr = ……………………………..( 2)
2
From equations ( 1) and ( 2), we have
nh k
r= , where  =
2k m
kr 2 1
Total energy E = U + K =  mv 2
2 2
h
Substituting the values, we get E = n 
2
Sol4. As particle is moving in circular path,
mv 2 2q 2 2q 2
  mvr = … ( i)
r 4 0 r 2 4  0 v
nh
As Bohr’s model is applicable, mvr = … (ii)
2
From equations ( i) and ( ii), we have
n2h 2  0 q2
rn = and v =
2mq 2  0nh
q2 h20 v 2 2q 6 m
For n = 1, ,v = and r = so a =  4 3
h 0 2mq 2 r h 0

where h = Plank’s constant, and 0 = permittivity of free surface.

24
( B 2) Application of results of Bohr Atomic Model
Sol1.
 1 1 
( a) 47.2 = 13.6Z2  2
 2  Z = 5
2 3  e
Ze

( b) The required energy is

2  1 1
13.6  5  2
 2   16.53 eV
3 4 
( c) The wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation required to just remove the electron
from the first Bohr orbit to infinity is given by ,
hc
where  13.6  52 eV  340 eV

 = 36.5 A
st
( d) The kinetic energy of the electron in the 1 Bohr orbit  340 eV
The potential energy = 2  340 eV = 680 eV
h
The angular momentum =  1.055  1034 J  s
2
0.53
( e) The radius of the 1 st Bohr orbit = A  = 0.106 A
5
Sol2.
me 4  Rhc 
En =  2
, m = mass of electron En = 2  2

8n h 2  20  n  p
e
m = 2me
shortest wavelength n =  to n = 1.

hc  1 1 1
 E   E1  2Rhc    max = .
 max   1 2R
Sol3. As n=
6.04 eV (54.4) eV = 48.35 eV
 The helium ion is excited to its second excited state. n=3 6.04 eV
Energy of emission radiation:
n=2 13.6 eV
n = 3 to n = 2; E1 = 6.04  (13.6) = 7.56 eV
n=1 54.4 eV
He-ion
12400
1   1640.2 A
7.56
n = 3 to n = 1; E 2 = 6.04 (54.4) = 48.35 eV
12400
2   256.46 A 
48.35
n = 2 to n =1; E3 = 13.6 (54.4) = 40.8 eV
12400
3   303.92 A
40.8
when the radiation fall on the metallic plate of work function 6 electron volts, the possible
kinetic energies with which electrons will be emitted are
E1 = 48.35  6.0 = 42.35 eV

25
 E2 = 7.56 6.0 = 1.56 eV
E3 = 40.8  6.0 = 34.8 eV
12400
 max energy   292.8A
42.35
Sol4.( a) n=4 --------------------- E4 = 1.125 eV
n=3 --------------------- E3 = 2.0 eV
n=2 --------------------- E2 = 4.5 eV
n=1 --------------------- E1 = 18eV
( b) Excitation potential for state n = 2 is 4.5 V
( c) Energy of the electron accelerated through a potential difference of 16.2 V is 16.2eV
At the most, it can excite electron fron n=1 to n=3
The number of possible wavelength is 3
.  10 19
1 18  16  1 1 
  2  2
 hc  n 1 n 2 

For transiton 3-2, n 1 =2, n 2 = 3.  32 = 4970 A

For 3-1; n1 = 1;n2 =3,  31 = 777 A


For 2-1;n1 = 1;n2 = 2, 21 = 920 A

( d) No

The energy corresponding to  = 2000 A is

E=
hc


6.63  10 3  108
34


= 6.21 eV

 
2  107 1.6  10 19  
The minimum excitation energy is 13.5 eV.
( e) Minimum photoelectric wavelength is

hc
max. =  690 A
18  1.6  10 19
Sol5. (a) E1 = - 13.6 eV , E2 = - 3.4 eV, E3 = - 1.51 eV
-19
E = 1.89 eV = 1.89  1.6  10 J
3
Now, k T = E (k = Boltzmann’s constant)
2
2  1.89  1.6  10 19
T= = 14609 Kelvin.
3  1.38  1023
Sol6. T  Temperature of Shell in steady state , T0  Temperature of Atmosphere
Tmax  Maximum Temperature of Shell = 2.2 T0
In steady state,
4 4
P0 = sT - s T04 = s [ T14  T04 ] = s [(T0 + T) - T04 ]
T T0
 T 
= s T04 4 
 T0  Source of Power
P0

Spherical Shell

26
  P0 = 4s T03 (T  T0 ) 0.4s T04 = 4s T03 (T  T0 )
 T0 = 10 (T –T0)  T = 1.1 T 0
Applying Wien’s displacement law,
12.2T 0 =  21.1T0 2 = 21
For ionization of atom,
hc hc 108.8
 Z 2 13.6eV  Z 2   2
Z = 4Z = 2.
2 13.6 e2 13.6  2
Sol7. Let the initial excited state has quantum number n1 n2
 En1 – E1 = 114.75 eV 2.76 eV
n1
 1
z2  1  2   13.6 eV = 114.75
 n1 
2  1
z  1  2  = 8.4375
 n1  n=1

H-like Atom

From n2 it can make 6 possible transitions to n = 2 state

(n2  1)(n2  2)
  6  n2 = 5n1 = 4.
2
 1
(13.6)Z2  1  2   114.75  2.76  117.51  Z2 = 9  Z=3
 n2 
( B 3) COME, COLM, and COAL with Bohr Atomic model
Sol1. From conservation of momentum
m v
mv = 2.
2

.v 'cos 120 / 2  v
 v = v cos60 = v/2  v = 2v m/2
m 120
m/2
Just before
decay
v
Just after
decay

h h h h 
 1 = , and 2 =    1.  2  1
mv m m 1
.v ' .2v mv
2 2
Sol2. ( a) Applying conservation of momentum
Now: 2K1m sin 45  8K 2m sin 45 =
v1
2Km  2K1m cos 45  8K 2m cos 45
4m
v
K K
Solving, K 2  , K1  45
8 2 m 4m
45
m
Just before
collision v2
Just after
collision

27
 Kinetic energy of neutron just after the collision = 54.4 eV

Kinetic energy of Helium just after the collision = 13.6 eV

( b) Energy lost = 108.8  54.4 13.6 = 40.8 eV

Now for He  , Ek  54.4eV and EL  13.6eV
EL  Ek  40.8eV
The helium atom is excited to its first excited state.

( 2) de-Broglie’s Hypothesis
Sol1. K. =  total energy =  (  3.4) = 3.4 eV = 3.4  1.6  10 19 = 5.44  1019 J
h p2
 K =
p 2m
h 6.6  1034
   = 6.6  1010m
2mK 31 19
2  9.11 10  5.44  10
Sol2. The energy levels of Beryllium are shown in the figure n=
( a) Possible energy of radiation emitted by Be3  atom 13.6 eV
n=4
n = 4 to n = 3 E1 =10.57 eV 24.17 eV
n=3
n = 4 to n = 2 E2 = 40.8 eV
n = 4 to n = 1 E3 = 204 eV 54.4 eV
n=2
n = 3 to n = 2 E 4 = 30.23 eV
n = 3 to n = 1 E5 = 193.43 eV 217.6 eV
n=1
n = 2 to n = 1 E6 = 163.2 eV
h
( b)   0.981A
2meE6

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