Running head: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1

Pathophysiology

Student’s Name

Institutional Affiliation
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Pathophysiology

The situation

Ms. Tesar is aged 52 years and has been doing needlework for quite an extended period.

Following the many exhibitions, she has exhibited her needles in, and she has received many

awards for her excellent work. Ms. Tesar concedes having difficulty seeing the eye of the needle

while trying to thread it. Also, she finds it difficult, drawing specific small patterns for stitching.

All in all, when the needle is kept far away from her, she can thread it.

Explanation of the human disease

Ears and eyes are the primary sensory organs in a person. They have unique structures

and functions. The eyeball is the eye's sensory organ and is located in the bony orbit of the skull.

Eyeballs are one inch in diameter. Most eye disorders lead to visual problems.

Eye problems are categorized into two – refractive errors of eyes and inflammation and

infections (Jonas et al., 2019). Refraction errors are incapacities of the eye to focus on the retina

accurately. It affects individuals of different ages. Microorganisms cause inflammation and

infections. However, inflammation infections are uncommon, and if present, they are mainly

caused by trauma. Therefore, Ms. Tesar’s eye problems may result from refractive errors.

Ms. Tesar is having hyperopia since she can see distant objects but not nearby objects.

Hyperopia is a refractive error commonly known as farsightedness.

Effects of aging

Aging has significant effects on sensory organs. Variation in vision begins during the

middle age and continues until one gets older. Presbyopia is common among people aged forty
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and above (Hopkins et al., 2019). This is because it is an age related visual impairment. I would

refer Ms. Tesar to the doctor for hyperopia. Conventional treatments for the disease include

conductive keratoplasty, thermal keratoplasty, perspective lenses, automated lamellar

keratoplasty, and laser epithelial keratomileusis (Jonas et al., 2019).

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References

Hopkins, S., Black, A. A., White, S. L., & Wood, J. M. (2019). Validity of the+ 1.50 plus lens

screening test as a predictor of uncorrected moderate hyperopia. Ophthalmic and

Physiological Optics, 39(3), 141-147.

Jonas, S. B., Jonas, R. A., Jonas, J. B., & Panda-Jonas, S. (2019). U.S. Patent Application No.

15/558,139.