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Mix Bus Compression Guide

Maybe you've heard about mix bus compression, but have never tried it. Maybe you use
it religiously, but don't know why. Or maybe the thought of putting a compressor over
your whole mix sounds crazy.

There's undoubtedly a lot of confusion amongst mixers on the subject of mix bus
compression. Here's my take on a few commonly asked questions...

Why should I use mix bus compression?

Mix bus compression can make a mix feel more unified and cohesive. It can help glue
tracks together and make them sound like they exist in the same space. And with the
right release time, mix bus compression can also enhance the groove by pumping in
time with the beat.

If you're going for "wall-of-sound" (think Kings Of Leon), mix bus compression can help
you get there. But if you're aiming for maximum punch and separation (hip-hop mixers,
listen up), you may get better results without it.

When should I add the mix bus compressor?

The earlier on, the better.

If you add a bus compressor near the end of a mix, you'll risk ruining the balances you've
carefully crafted.

After you establish a rough balance, pop it in and leave it on.

This way, all of your mix decisions will be influenced by the sound of the compressor,
and you'll avoid surprises at the end of the mix. Just keep an eye on your gain staging. If
the level into your mix bus changes significantly, you may have to readjust the
compressor's threshold.

It's important to note that mixing through a compressor feels different than mixing without
one. Mixes will tend to come together and gel more quickly. You may find you need less
compression on individual tracks. You can be bolder with fader rides, as the bus
compressor will push back a bit and reign in your moves.
How do I set the attack time?

A faster attack will round off transients and give you a smoother, more controlled sound.
If the attack time is too fast, you'll lose punch and impact, and your mix will sound soft
and distant.

Slower attack times will accentuate transients, adding punch and impact to your mix.
This tends to works well for most pop music. If the attack time is too slow, the
compressor won't respond properly to the dynamics of your mix, and it will be rendered
ineffective.

Tip: Since the snare is often the loudest transient sound in your mix, you can use it to
help you set your mix bus compressor's attack time. First, set the attack as slow as
possible. With your mix playing, speed up the attack time until you notice that the snare
starts to lose its punch. Then dial the attack back a bit, and you're set.

How do I set the release time?

There are three approaches:

1. Set it as fast as possible without distortion

A fast release time will maximize loudness and add density by bringing up the
lower-level details of your mix. This often works well for high-energy rock tracks.

2. Time it to the tempo of the track

By timing your release to the tempo of the track, your mix bus compressor will pump in
time with the beat and enhance the groove. This approach works well for tracks with a
prominent, consistent beat (think four-on-the-floor-style EDM).

Tip: Your compressor's gain reduction meters can help you find the right release time.
With the track playing, adjust the release time so that the gain reduction meter returns to
0 right before the next downbeat. If you've set it correctly, the needle should bounce in
time with the beat of the track.

3. Use auto-release

Auto-release can work well on material with complex dynamics (solo instruments, music
that lacks a steady beat), where it may be difficult to find a static release time that works
for the whole song.
What ratio should I use?

Lower ratios are more transparent, and tend to work on most material. Higher ratios are
more aggressive, and may be more appropriate when you really want to hear the
compression.

2:1 is a great place to start. I rarely use anything above 4:1.

How much gain reduction should I aim for?

1 - 2 dB is usually plenty. If you really want to hear the compression working, more may
be appropriate.

What kind of compressor should I use?

You can't go wrong with an SSL-style bus compressor. It's got a bright, snappy sound
that pairs well with most modern genres. There are lots of great emulations of this
compressor, but my favorite is Slate's FG-Grey (part of their ​Virtual Bus Compressors
package​).

These days, my go-to mix bus compressor is S ​ onnox's Oxford Dynamics​ (designed by
Paul Frindle, who built the original SSL bus compressor). It's more transparent than the
SSL, and gives me the sound of compression without the added color and tonal shift.

My mix bus compressor has a high-pass filter. When should I


use it?

If your mix has a lot of low end, your bus compressor may start to react in a way you
don't like. You may notice that your mix drops in volume every time the kick hits.
Sometimes this pumping effect can sound cool. And sometimes it can sound horrible.

You can use the high-pass filter to roll off some of the low end on the compressor's
sidechain (this is the signal the compressor uses to help it determine how much to
compress). Since the compressor will "hear" less low end, it will be less sensitive to it.
The result? More low end, less pumping.

Note that this filter will only high pass the signal that the compressor is listening to, not
the mix itself.

My mix bus compressor has a mix knob. When should I use it?
If the compression sounds too aggressive, dialing in a bit of dry signal with the mix knob
can help tone it down. This can also help restore punch and impact that may have been
annihilated by fast attack times. You can often achieve similar results by lowering the
ratio or slowing down the attack time.

I hope I've given you some useful ideas on how to approach mix bus compression. If
you're looking to dig deeper, I recommend the following articles:

● The SOS Guide To Mix Compression


● Masterful Mix Bus Compression Settings
● Michael Brauer Discusses Bus Compression

For more mixing tips, visit ​BehindTheSpeakers.com​.

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