Peter Winch

Peter Guy Winch (14 January 1926 – 27 April 1997) was a British philosopher
known for his contributions to the philosophy of social science, Wittgenstein
scholarship, ethics, and the philosophy of religion. Winch is perhaps most famous
for his early book, The Idea of a Social Science and its Relation to Philosophy
(1958), an attack on positivism in the social sciences, drawing on the work of R. G.
Collingwood and Ludwig Wittgenstein's later philosophy.

Contents
Biography
Thought
Works
Peter Winch (1984) University of
References Illinois Archives[1]
Further reading

Biography
Winch was born on 14 January 1926, in Walthamstow, London. He attended Leyton County High School for boys,[2] before
going up St Edmund Hall, Oxford to read Philosophy, Politics and Economics. Following the outbreak of World War II, he served
in the Royal Navy 1944–47, before graduating from the University of Oxford in 1949.[3]

He was a lecturer in philosophy at the Swansea University from 1951 until 1964. He was influenced by his colleagues Rush
Rhees and Roy Holland, both experts in the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein. In 1964, he moved to Birkbeck College,
University of London, before becoming Professor of Philosophy at King's College London in 1967. During this period, he served
as president of Aristotelian Society, from 1980 to 1981. In 1985 Winch moved to the United States to become Professor at the
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

He died on the 27 April 1997, in Champaign, Illinois.[4]

He was survived by his wife Erika Neumann and his two sons, Christopher and David.

Thought
Major influences upon Winch include Ludwig Wittgenstein, Rush Rhees, R. G. Collingwood and Simone Weil. He gave rise to a
form of philosophy that has been given the name 'sociologism'.[5] He also bears responsibility for a small school of sociology that
was prepared to accept his radical criticism of the subject.[6]

Winch saw himself as an uncompromising Wittgensteinian. He was not personally acquainted with Wittgenstein; Wittgenstein's
influence upon him was mostly mediated through that of Rush Rhees, who was his colleague at the University College of
Swansea, now known as Swansea University, and whom Wittgenstein appointed as one of his literary executors.[7] Winch's
translation of Wittgenstein's Vermischte Bemerkungen (as edited by Georg Henrik von Wright) was published in 1980 as Culture
and Value (with a new translation by Winch of a revised edition by Alois Pichler appearing in 1998).[8] After the death of Rhees
in 1989, Winch took over his position as literary executor.

From Rush Rhees, Winch derived his interest in the religious writer Simone Weil. Part of the appeal was a break from
Wittgenstein into a very different type of philosophy which could nevertheless be tackled with familiar methods. Also Weil's
ascetic, somewhat Tolstoyan, form of religion harmonised with one aspect of Wittgenstein's personality.

At a time when most Anglo-American philosophers were heavily under the spell of Wittgenstein, Winch's own approach was
strikingly original. While much of his work was concerned with rescuing Wittgenstein from what he took to be misreadings, his
own philosophy involved a shift of emphasis from the problems that preoccupied Oxford style ‘linguistic’ philosophy, towards
justifying and explaining 'forms of life' in terms of consistent language games. He took Wittgensteinian philosophy into areas of
ethics and religion, which Wittgenstein himself had relatively neglected, sometimes showing considerable originality. An
example is his illuminating treatment of the moral difference between someone who tries and fails to commit murder and
someone who succeeds, in his essay "Trying" in Ethics and Action. With the decline of interest in Wittgenstein, Winch himself
was increasingly neglected and the challenge his arguments presented to much contemporary philosophy was sidestepped or
ignored. In insisting on the continuity of Wittgenstein's concerns from the Tractatus through to the Philosophical Investigations,
Winch made a powerful case for Wittgenstein's mature philosophy, as he understood it, as the consummation and legitimate heir
of the entire analytic tradition.[9]

Wittgenstein famously said that philosophy leaves the world as it is.[10] Winch takes his ideas into regions that have strong moral
and political implications.

Works
The Idea of a Social Science and its Relation to Philosophy (https://www.routledge.com/The-Idea-of-a-Social-Sci
ence-and-Its-Relation-to-Philosophy/Winch/p/book/9780415423588), London 1958 (second edition (https://www.t
aylorfrancis.com/books/9780203014493), London 1990)
Understanding a Primitive Society (https://www.jstor.org/stable/20009143), 1964, American Philosophical
Quarterly I, pp. 307–24 {At JSTOR - free to read with registration).
Ethics And Action (https://philpapers.org/rec/WINEAA-3), London 1972
Simone Weil, the Just Balance (https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/simone-weil-the-just-balance/A4BDE935C
D0A4309B0B0150A17C48F15), Cambridge 1989
Trying to Make Sense (https://philpapers.org/rec/WINTTM), Oxford 1987
As Translator/Editor:

Culture and Value, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Translated by Peter Winch, (1980, Revised Edition 1989)
Studies in the Philosophy of Wittgenstein (https://www.routledge.com/Studies-in-the-Philosophy-of-Wittgenstein/
Winch/p/book/9780415611046) (ed), 1969
Phil Papers - works by Peter Winch (https://philpapers.org/s/Peter%20Winch).

References
1. "Portrait of Peter Winch | University of Illinois Archives" (https://archives.library.illinois.edu/archon/?p=digitallibrar
y/digitalcontent&id=1272). archives.library.illinois.edu. Retrieved 2019-07-18.
2. D. Z. Phillips. "Winch, Peter Guy (1926–1997), philosopher | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography" (https://ww
w.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-65661;jsessionid=E
1C70FF648486B974EF361C43A25AF43). www.oxforddnb.com. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/65661 (https://doi.org/10.1
093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F65661). Retrieved 2019-07-18.
3. Palmer, Anthony (1997-06-03). "Obituary: Professor Peter Winch" (http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/ob
ituary-professor-peter-winch-1253947.html). The Independent. Retrieved 2019-07-18.
 4. Institut für die Wissenschaften vom Menschen: Newsletter 57 (http://www.iwm.at/files/nl-57.pdf) p.33 Obituary
(1997).
5. Sutton, Claud, 1898-1972. (1974). The German tradition in philosophy (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/892542).
New York,: Crane, Russak. ISBN 0844802573. OCLC 892542 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/892542).
6. Giddens, Anthony. (1993). New rules of sociological method : a positive critique of interpretative sociologies (http
s://www.worldcat.org/oclc/30154711) (2nd ed.). Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804722250.
OCLC 30154711 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/30154711).
7. Lyas, Colin. (1999). Peter Winch (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/922958047). Durham: Acumen.
ISBN 9781315710884. OCLC 922958047 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/922958047).
8. Wang, Joseph (2007). "Culture and Value Revisited – Draft of a new electronic edition" (http://wittgensteinreposit
ory.org/agora-alws/article/view/2670/3064). From the ALWS archives: A selection of papers from the International
Wittgenstein Symposia in Kirchberg am Wechsel.
9. Hacker, P. M. S. (Peter Michael Stephan) (1997). Wittgenstein's place in twentieth-century analytic philosophy (ht
tps://www.worldcat.org/oclc/33207191). Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell. ISBN 0631200983. OCLC 33207191 (http
s://www.worldcat.org/oclc/33207191).
10. "Wittgenstein: Philosophical Investigations" (http://topologicalmedialab.net/xinwei/classes/readings/Wittgenstein/p
i_94-138_239-309.html). topologicalmedialab.net. Retrieved 2019-07-18. "124. Philosophy may in no way
interfere with the actual use of language, it can in the end only describe it. For it cannot give it any foundation
either. It leaves everything as it is..."

Further reading
Philosophy as the Art of Disagreement (http://web.abo.fi/fak/hf/filosofi/Staff/lhertzbe/Text/disagreement.pdf) On
the Social and Moral Philosophy of Peter Winch by Lars Hertzberg
Peter Winch 1926–97 (https://web.archive.org/web/20160305064340/https://archive.uea.ac.uk/~j339/Peter_Winc
h.htm) by Rupert Read [Archived by Wayback Machine]
Winch, Malcolm, and the Unity of Wittgenstein's Philosophy (http://wab.aksis.uib.no/wab_contrib-dc.page) by
Cora Diamond (excerpt from "Peter Winch on the Tractatus and the unity of Wittgenstein’s philosophy (http://wittg
ensteinrepository.org/agora-ontos/article/viewFile/2229/2191)")
Peter Winch 1926-1997 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/3130949), D. Z. Phillips and Richard Schacht, Proceedings
and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association Vol. 71, No. 2 (Nov., 1997), pp. 132-135 (at JSTOR -
free to read with registration).
PETER WINCH, PHILOSOPHY TEACHER (https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-05-03-97050301
74-story.html) obituary by Kenan Heise for the CHICAGO TRIBUNE (Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2019
0718191709/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-05-03-9705030174-story.html) by Wayback
Machine)
The Legendary Peter Winch and the Myth of ‘Social Science (http://www.rupertread.fastmail.co.uk/Winch-Intro%2
0-%20FINAL.pdf) Introduction to There is No Such Thing as a Social Science: In Defence of Peter Winch (2008)
by Phil Hutchinson, Rupert Read and Wes Sharrock.
Philosophical Investigations by Ludwig Wittgenstein, Oxford 1958
Tractatus Logico Philosophicus by Ludwig Wittgenstein, London 1922

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