Heinrich Hertz

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz was born in 1857 in Hamburg, then a sovereign state of
the German Confederation, into a prosperous and cultured Hanseatic family. His father
was Gustav Ferdinand Hertz. His mother was Anna Elisabeth Pfefferkorn.
While studying at the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums in Hamburg, Hertz showed an
aptitude for sciences as well as languages, learning Arabic and Sanskrit. He studied
sciences and engineering in the German cities of Dresden, Munich and Berlin, where he
studied under Gustav R. Kirchhoff and Hermann von Helmholtz. In 1880, Hertz obtained
his PhD from the University of Berlin, and for the next three years remained for post-
doctoral study under Helmholtz, serving as his assistant. In 1883, Hertz took a post as a
lecturer in theoretical physics at the University of Kiel. In 1885, Hertz became a full
professor at the University of Karlsruhe.
In 1886, Hertz married Elisabeth Doll, the daughter of Dr. Max Doll, a lecturer in geometry
at Karlsruhe. They had two daughters: Johanna, born on 20 October 1887 and Mathilde,
born on 14 January 1891, who went on to become a notable biologist. During this time
Hertz conducted his landmark research into electromagnetic waves.
Hertz took a position of Professor of Physics and Director of the Physics Institute
in Bonn on 3 April 1889, a position he held until his death. During this time he worked on
theoretical mechanics with his work published in the book Die Prinzipien der Mechanik in
neuem Zusammenhange dargestellt (The Principles of Mechanics Presented in a New
Form), published posthumously in 1894.
In 1892, Hertz was diagnosed with an infection (after a bout of severe migraines) and
underwent operations to treat the illness. He died of granulomatosis with polyangiitis at
the age of 36 in Bonn, Germany in 1894, and was buried in the Ohlsdorf Cemetery in
Hamburg.
Hertz's wife, Elisabeth Hertz née Doll (1864–1941), did not remarry. Hertz left two
daughters, Johanna (1887–1967) and Mathilde (1891–1975). Hertz's daughters never
married and he has no descendants.

INVENTIONS:

 Radar - is a detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range, angle,
or velocity of objects. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided
missiles, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain. A radar system consists
of a transmitter producing electromagnetic waves in
the radio or microwaves domain, a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna
(often the same antenna is used for transmitting and receiving) and
a receiver and processor to determine properties of the object(s). Radio waves
(pulsed or continuous) from the transmitter reflect off the object and return to the
receiver, giving information about the object's location and speed.

 Wireless Telegraphy - means transmission of telegraph signals by radio

waves; a more specific term for this is radiotelegraphy. Before about 1910 when
radio became dominant, the term wireless telegraphy was also used for various
other experimental technologies for transmitting telegraph signals without wires,
such as electromagnetic induction, and ground conduction telegraph systems.
Radiotelegraphy was the first means of radio communication; the first practical
radio transmitters and receivers invented in 1894–5 by Guglielmo Marconi used
radiotelegraphy. It continued to be the only type of radio transmission during the
 first three decades of radio, called the "wireless telegraphy era" up until World War
I, when the development of amplitude modulation (AM) radiotelephony allowed
sound (audio) to be transmitted by radio. In radiotelegraphy, information is
transmitted by pulses of radio waves of two different lengths called "dots" and
"dashes", which spell out text messages, usually in Morse code. In a manual
system, the sending operator manipulates a switch called a telegraph key which
turns the transmitter on and off, producing the pulses of radio waves. At the
receiver the pulses are audible in the receiver's speaker as beeps, which are
translated back to text by an operator who knows Morse code.
 Diple Antenna - In radio and telecommunications a dipole antenna or doublet is
the simplest and most widely used class of antenna. The dipole is any one of a
class of antennas producing a radiation pattern approximating that of an
elementary electric dipole with a radiating structure supporting a line current so
energized that the current has only one node at each end. A dipole antenna
commonly consists of two identical conductive elements such as metal wires or
rods. The driving current from the transmitter is applied, or for receiving antennas
the output signal to the receiver is taken, between the two halves of the antenna.
Each side of the feedline to the transmitter or receiver is connected to one of the
conductors. This contrasts with a monopole antenna, which consists of a single
rod or conductor with one side of the feed line connected to it, and the other side
connected to some type of ground. A common example of a dipole is the "rabbit
ears" television antenna found on broadcast television sets.
 Radio Transmitter is an electronic device which produces radio waves with
an antenna. The transmitter itself generates a radio frequency alternating current,
which is applied to the antenna. When excited by this alternating current, the
antenna radiates radio waves.