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Course Code : EET 405 ITSJ/RW – 17 / 1107

Seventh Semester B. E. ( Electrical Engineering ) Examination

SWITCHGEAR AND PROTECTION

Time : 3 Hours ] [ Max. Marks : 60

Instructions to Candidates :—
(1) All questions are Compulsory.
(2) Assume suitable data wherever necessary.
(3) Due credit shall be given to neatness.
(4) Avoid unnecessary lengthy answers.
(5) Use of Non - programmable calculator is permitted.

1. (a) Give probable causes of failure of primary protective relaying.


2 (CO 1)
(b) Why should protective zones overlap around circuit breakers ?
3 (CO 1)
(c) Explain duality of comparators with the help of neat phasor diagrams.
5 (CO 1)

2. (a) Draw a neat diagram showing various parts of induction disc type
non-directional relay and explain plug setting and time setting mechanism.
5 (CO 2)
(b) In overcurrent relay rated 5 A is connected to a line through a current
transformer of ratio 400 / 5 A. Plug is set at 75% and time setting is
0.4. Determine the relay operating time for relay with normal inverse, very
inverse and extremely inverse type relays, for a fault current of 1800 A.
4 (CO 2)

3. (a) What are the limitations of distance protection ? 2 (CO 2)


(b) A 132 kV, 3 - ph, 50 Hz transmission line is protected by conventional
3 - stepped distance protection scheme using reactance relays. Adjacent three
line lengths are 80 kM, 60 kM and 100 kM. Determine the setting of the

ITSJ/RW-17 / 1107 Contd.


first two reactance relay steps and the MTA and setting of the third step
which is a MHO unit, for 3-stepped scheme protecting the first line section.
Assume CT ratio of 300 / 1 A, PT ratio of 132 kV / 110 V ; relay rating
1.0 A, 110 V. Assume that MTA of MHO unit can be set to any desired
angle, line resistance and reactance is 0.15 ohm / kM and 0.19 ohm / kM
respectively. Show line and relay characteristics on R-X diagram.
5 (CO 2)
(c) Explain the working of integrator type phase comparator. 4 (CO 2)

4. (a) Why does differential relay tend to operate for magnetizing inrush ?
2 (CO 3)
(b) Draw a neat diagram showing CT polarity for percentage different protection
of delta-star power transformer. Explain why CTS on delta side are connected
in star and vice versa. 5 (CO 3)
(c) Determine CT ratios for providing differential protection to a 16 MVA,
33 kV / 11 kV, 3-ph, delta star transformer. Assume that the relay rated
current is 1.0 A. 3 (CO 3)

5. (a) What is single phasing in three phase induction motor and its consequence ?
3 (CO 4)
(b) Explain restricted earth-fault protection of generators. 3 (CO 4)
(c) The neutral point of a 11000 V alternator is earthed through a resistance
of 15 ohm, the relay is set to operate when there is an out of balance
current of 1.0 A. The CTs have a ratio of 1000/5 A.
(i) What percentage of winding is protected against fault to earth ?
(ii) What must be the minimum value of resistance to give 90%
protection to each phase winding ? 4 (CO 4)

6. (a) Why arc interruption in ac systems is easier than DC systems ?


2 (CO 5)
(b) Explain any one method of arc interruption in ac circuits. 3 (CO 5)
(c) Write detailed note on SF6 circuit breakers. 5 (CO 5)

ITSJ/RW-17 / 1107 2 105

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