Explain briefly the modes of determining representation status.

a) Voluntary Recognition refers to the process by which a legitimate labor union is

recognized by the employer as the exclusive bargaining representative or agent in a
bargaining unit, reported with the Regional Office in accordance with Rule VII, Section 2,
Department Order No. 40-03. (Section 1[bbb], Rule I, Department Order No. 40-03).
b) Certification Election refers to the process of determining through secret ballot the sole
and exclusive representation of the employees in an appropriate bargaining unit for
purpose of collective bargaining or negotiation. A certification election is ordered by the
DOLE. (section1, Rule I [h], Department Order No.40-03).
c) Consent Election is the process of determining through secret ballot the sole and
exclusive representative of the employees in an appropriate bargaining for purposes of
collective bargaining or negotiation. A consent election is voluntarily agreed upon by the
parties, with or without the intervention by the Department. (Section 1[h], Rule I,
Department Order No. 40-03).

State at least three (3) instances when a petition for certification election is barred.

a) The petitioner is not listed in the Department’s registry of legitimate labor unions or that
its legal personality has been revoked or cancelled with finality in accordance with Rule
XIV of these Rules;
b) The petition was filed before or after the freedom period of a duly registered collective
bargaining agreement; provided, that the sixty (60)-day period is based on the original
collective bargaining agreement shall not be affected by any amendment, extension, or
renewal of the collective bargaining agreement;
c) The petition was filed within one year from entry of voluntary recognition or a valid
certification, consent or run-off election and no appeal on the results of the certification,
consent or run-off election is pending;
d) A duly certified union has commenced and sustained negotiations with the employer in
accordance with Article 250 of the Labor Code within one-year period referred to in
Section 14.c of the Rule, or there exists a bargaining deadlock which had been submitted
to conciliation or arbitration or had become the subject of a valid notice of strike or
lockout to which an incumbent or certified bargaining agent is a party;
e) In case of an organized establishment, failure to submit the twenty-five (25%) support
requirement for the filing of the petition for certification election.