Alan Zhu

FMGT 4780
Professor Gosine
Homework #5

1) After the scoping and feasibility phases are completed, the owner provides the architect with a
strategic brief. This strategic brief is further developed and expanded on before the schematic
design phase commences. This process of expanding?
- the strategic brief is known as “Programming” in United states, where it has evolved into a very
structured process

2) What is “programming of buildings”? The programming of buildings is?

- sometimes referred to as Architectural Programming

3) The desired end of the programming process is to have a?

- “program of requirements”

4) According to the American Institute of Architects, programming is “the thorough and

systematic?
- evaluation of the interrelated values, goals, facts and needs of a client’s organization, facility
users, and the surrounding community

5) Programming straddles the planning and design stages of?

- a building

6) As part of the planning process, it is often necessary do some programming of the building in
order to communicate the?
- scope of the work to the consultants that are engaged to design the buildings

7) Initial programming – This initial programming typically consists of the following:

1- the rooms and spaces in the building
2- approximate total gross floor area of the building
3- the number of floors in the building
4- approximate budget for the building
5- the site

8) Programming provides a structured?

- approach for designers

9) Architectural design is a process of?

- arranging the physical building form to fulfill the desired functions

10) Architectural programming is a formal?

- where the owner’s need is analyzed and provides for a rational basis for design
11) Programming fulfills the need for a structured?
- process to plan and organize the various needs of the building occupants and users

12) Techniques for Information Gathering. There are various techniques that can be used to
collect information. These include literature?
- review, interviewing, observation, surveys and workshops

13) Walk-throughs of the building are conducted to observe the level of?
- usage of various spaces and what occupants do in the spaces

14) Interviewing helps in understanding the goals of the?

- client and what is important to the client organization in terms of values

15) To complete the picture, users of the facility and visitors?

- to the facility, can also be interviewed

16) Workshops for stakeholders are useful to discuss the project requirements as a group. In
addition to collecting information, the workshops also have the added?
- benefit of building consensus as the participants get to hear from each other the share ideas

17) Programming is a team effort. It requires a lot of communication and all the stakeholders
need to not just be involved in the process but fully engaged. For the facility manager, it is a
golden opportunity to provide?
- input into the renovation or fixing of existing issues in the building(s) and not repeat the
problems or deficiencies in the existing building(s)

18) The purpose of this initial program is to convey to the architect and design team what the
intent of the?
- project is, and what the owner would like in his new building

19) There are five steps in the architectural programming process relating to goals, facts,
concepts, needs and a statement of the problem. It moves from the aspiration and ends with
distilled essence of the practical, which is the program of requirements in the form of a report.
The five steps are:
1- Determine programming framework and identify project goals
2- Evaluate existing conditions and facts
3- Identify concepts and requirements
4- Determine space requirements
5- Produce programming report

20) Step 1 – Determine programming framework and identify project goals – It needs to be
determined what information?
- needs to be collected and the techniques that will be used for gathering the information
21) Step 2 – Evaluated existing conditions and facts – The second step is to evaluate?
- existing conditions and facts

22) In terms of existing conditions. Some questions that need to be asked are?
1- How are current activities being carried out?
2- Are there existing buildings that can be renovated?
3- Or should new buildings be constructed to fulfill the project goals?

23) Step 3 – Identify concepts and requirements – The various concepts and requirements that
need to be incorporated in the new building needs to be considered and decided upon.
1- Primary concepts
2- Urban planning issues
3- People
4- Activities and services
5- Types of flow
6- Safety and Security
7- Environmental
8- Construction-related
9- Office- related

24) Another way to look at this is to consider the requirements and decide which are the
requirements that will be the final ones locked into the design. Examples of these include the
following:
1- User requirements
2- Future expansion requirements
3- Regulatory requirements
4- Sustainability requirements
5- Relationships and adjacencies

25) Step 4 – Determine space requirements – The fourth step is to determine the space
requirements. Based on a list of?
- rooms and spaces, the floor area of each space needs to be determined

26) Step 5 – Produce programming report – The fifth step is to create a programming report. This
report will form the basis for the design of the proposed building. The programming report must
contain:
1- Project goals
2- Site and Space design criteria
3- Design performance criteria
4- Space relationships and adjacencies
5- Space requirements
27) A room data sheet includes:
1- Project title
2- Project description
3- Room name and function
4- Functional relationships
5- Material and finish requirements
6- Systems requirements
7- Miscellaneous requirements
8- Furniture and equipment

28) The 24 programmatic concepts can be grouped into nine categories, what are they?
1- Primary concepts
2- Urban planning issues
3- People
4- Activities and Services
5- Types of flow
6- Safety and Security
7- Environmental
8- Construction-related
9- Office-related

29) Category 1: Primary concepts (Priority, Hierarchy, Character). Character is the image the
client wants to?
- project in terms of values

30) Category 1: Primary concepts (Priority, Hierarchy, Character). Hierarchy refers?

- to people and features in the building that can be placed in order of importance

31) Category 1: Primary concepts (Priority, Hierarchy, Character). Priority speaks?

- to the ranking of values in order of importance

32) Category 2: Urban planning issues (Density, Neighbors)?

- to the intensity of land use

33) Category 3: People (People grouping, Relationships, Communications). People Grouping

refers to?
- to whether people using the spaces in the facility are individuals, small groups or large groups

34) In a hotel, the relationships between the lobby?

- front office, guest rooms, restaurants, kitchen, meeting rooms, parking and administrative
offices need to be carefully planned for the hotel building to perform optimally
35) Service grouping considers services in the facility. Are they centralized or decentralized? For
example, is the hotel kitchen centralized? Is there on central kitchen or?
- multiple kitchens for the various restaurants

36) Category 5: Types of flow (separated flow, mixed flow, sequential flow). Separated flow is
when the various?
- streams of circulation have their own exclusive channels with minimal crossings

37) Category 6: Safety and Security (Safety, Security) Safety in building programming relates to
life?
- safety, building codes, and safely precautions

38) Category 7: Environmental (Energy Conservation, Environmental Control) – Energy

Conservation examines how?
- to reduce or minimize energy usage in the facility

39) Category 7: Environmental (Energy Conservation, Environmental Control) – Environmental

Control considers how the facility’s environment can be managed?
- for people’s comfort

40) Category 8: Construction- related (Phasing, Cost Control) Phasing considers whether the
development will be?
- constructed and completed in one stage or in a few stages

41) Site selection process – Steps in the site selection process. The following are the steps for site
selection process:
1- Program investigation
2- Shortlist of potential sites
3- Site inventory and analysis
4- Site evaluation
5- Develop report and present for approval

42) Site selection process – The first step is program investigation. Based on the program, the
building footprint, area required for parking, circulation, external?
- areas are extracted to determine the size of site required

43) Site selection process – The third step is to take inventory and analyze the various
characteristics of each site. The physical (e.g.)?
- cultural, and regulatory characteristics of a site are explored

44) Site evaluation criteria – A possible list of criteria that can be used is as follows:
1- Accommodate the building program
2- Physical characteristics of the site
3- Accessibility of the site
4- Availability of utilities
5- Cost
6- Compatibility with neighboring uses

45) Site evaluation form – A possible list of nine factors that can be used is as follows:
1- Location
2- Size and shape of site
3- Physical Characteristics
4- Utilities
5- Parking
6- Accessibility
7- Ability to expand
8- Cost
9- Availability