Chapter three: GLOBALIZATION

Globalization
- is the unrestricted allocation and relocation of services, goods, and capital from different zones across nations
- is best described by integration and deals
- offers prosperity and peace
- is geared towards localization, and promotes a free capitalist market
5 GLOBALIZATION THEORIES
1.) Internalization is the cross-border affairs between nations and globalization which signifies growth of
global exchange and collaboration.
2.) Liberalization enables some laws concerning government laws to be lifted, creating a borderless and
open economy of the world. However, it may result in income inequalities between the first world and
third world countries; but on the brighter side, it offers an opportunity to third world countries by joining
the international market.
3.) Universalization allows the proliferation of experiences and inventions like Gregorian calendar, cars,
restaurants, farm life, decolonization, and other things. It creates a global village where information can
be shared just in split seconds.
4.) All these create westernization or modernization where:
- rationalism (philosophy that emotions or religious inclinations are not the basis of forming opinions
and action but rather reasons and experience);
- capitalism (allowing individuals and companies to own products and do business rather by the
government);
- industrialism (develops and operates factories and business); and
- bureaucraticism (government or business system with regulations and method of organizing and
doing things)
Are being applied, paving way for the emergence of technology and innovation.
5.) Lastly, deterritorialization includes the restricting of geography where social space is no longer a
barriers and everything is interconnected, making the world borderless.
Globalization embraces a change in the spatial society, connected with collective transactions and relations,
produce transcontinental or networks of interregional movements of endeavor, authority, and collaboration.
FOUR TYPES OF CHANGE:
1.) It includes stretching of social, political, and financial situations across regional, national, and
continental political borders.
2.) It allows magnification or the increasing scope, the interconnectedness, and trade floe, finance,
investment, migration, culture, and among others.
3.) It keeps global interconnectedness in speeding up interactions and processes in communication and
transportation, merger of ideas, information, people, goods, and capital.
4.) It tells about global interactions and global consequences resulting to blurry possibilities and global
affairs.
FIVE COMPONENTS OF GLOBAL INTERCONNECTEDNESS:
1.) Economy
Trade- the interchange of goods and services among the economies of various nations.
Finance- Global finance is translated as capital flow through the exchange of financial and instruments
or assets among nations by public or private entities.
Foreign aid- transmission of funds in form of loans or grants or may be in combination of both as well
 as including the giving of technical assistance or capacity building. World Bank is among the major
organizations that act as channels to nursed services and infrastructure, and health and education,
especially in developing countries.
2.) Politics
Power is so much wielded in the first world countries that it is not only applied in geopolitics, but most
effectively on the social, economic, and ecological issues. There are two important transformations that
have influences modern politics:
 Territorial Based Political Societies- it pertains to Europe’s centralization of political power and
supremacy where it deals with state formations, the borderline and territorialization of politics,
etc.
 Multi layered Regional and Global Governance- discusses about the death of empires and
includes layers of governance in the political borders. It covers political internalization and
transnationalization, decision-making and other global governance.
3.) Migration
It can be a provisional or a permanent transfer of residence among individuals between nations. It is the
gateway to find employment, study, or run away from difficult political circumstances. Migrants can be
classified as:
- Permanent immigrants
- High- and low-skill workers
- Asylum applicants
- Refugees
- Undocumented individuals
- Visa-free immigrants
- Students
People and culture
Cultural globalization is a phenomenon that happens when daily life experiences are being diffused into
ideas or through things while it is shared globally. It is associated with the internet, electronic business,
global travel and popular culture that will fashion uniformity of the global experience. Some think of it
as a threat as it promotes oneness and destroys diversity of culture and language; while others think of it
as a shaper of a new culture.
4.) Ideas
It is the most powerful tool that shapes development, acting as the passageway of transmitting and
handing intellectual formulations in any endeavor. Intellectual property is one category of ideas that is
bound by legal rights over product of creation or invention.
5.) Environment
Globalization also takes watch of the negative impacts of these technological changes and advancements
to the environment like global warming, acid rain, ozone depletion, and loss of biodiversity. These
conditions cannot only be tackled at the level of nation-state alone, but by world agreements.
BENEFITS OF COLLABORATION AND COOPERATION IN GLOBALIZATION
1.) It creates a global village through an exchange of ideas and information through the social network.
2.) It fosters local, regional, and national growth in the economy by being able to access low-cost goods
from other countries, provide employment, and international collaboration of scientific and technology
development.
3.) It allows people to understands and adapt culture, values, and beliefs of different counties.
4.) It motivates world leaders to create policies to protect the welfare of the people, community, as well as
the environment/
5.) It speaks of modernity and all traditional methods of transactions are obsolete.
NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF INTEGRATION
1.) When everything is digital, social interaction is affected. People tend to be individualistic than
collective.
2.) When everything is shared internationally and globally, there is a tendency for losing the culture of a
particular group of people.
3.) When skills in each individual become the main focus of employment, those who are financially
deprived will be in the bottom of the work pyramid.
PARTS AND WHOLES IN CREATIVE IMAGINATION
The five components of globalization constitute and integrate what we have today. If one of the
components overpowers or plays least, it will create a domino effect that will completely affect the entire
system. Thus, it is a must to balance the parts to maintain the entire whole.
- Creative imagination offers opportunity and allows thinkers to integrate the part of a whole.
- Creative imagination allows the developer or the creator to improve the weakness of a product and
thereby will provide solutions.
- Creative imagination makes the thinkers of the product or service to have a foresight of possible
threats or expansion of the creation.