Dynamic Analysis of Hollow

LICENTIATE THESIS IN
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND BRIDGES

STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 2018
Dynamic analysis of hollow

core concrete floors
FANGZHOU LIU
KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Dynamic analysis of hollow core concrete
floors
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Fangzhou Liu
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Publications
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Appended journal papers:

Paper I /LX ) %DWWLQL - 3DFRVWH & *UDQEHUJ $ ³([SHULPHQWDO DQG 1XPHULFDO '\QDPLF
$QDO\VHVRI+ROORZ&RUH&RQFUHWH)ORRUV´Structures
Paper II /LX)%DWWLQL-3DFRVWH&³)LQLWHVKHOOHOHPHQWPRGHOVIRUWKHG\QDPLFDQDO\VLVRI
KROORZFRUHFRQFUHWHIORRU´Magazine of Concrete Research

Paper III /LX)%DWWLQL-3DFRVWH&³([SHULPHQWDODQGQXPHULFDODQDO\VHVRIVLQJOHSHGHVWULDQ
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Engineering
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Contents
Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... i
Sammanfattning ................................................................................................................................... iii
Preface .................................................................................................................................................... v
Publications .......................................................................................................................................... vii
Contents................................................................................................................................................. ix
1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 1
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2 Human acceptability and response to floor vibrations ............................................................... 3
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1 Introduction
1.1 Background
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Figure 1: Hollow core concrete slab
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2 Human acceptability and response to floor vibrations
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2.1 Whole-body vibration

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Table 1: Cases of environments in which whole-body vibration occurs [4]

2.2 Human perception of vibrations
2.2.1 Early research

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Figure 3: Lumped mass model of a human body [7]

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2.2.2 Human perception of vibrations in buildings

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Figure 4: A coordinate system for assessing vibration [4]

Figure 5: Relationship between an equal comfort contour and frequency weighting curve [4]
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Table 2: Guide for the application of frequency-weighting curves for principal weightings [18]
Table 3: Guide for the application of frequency-weighting curves for additional weighting factors [18]

Table 4: Principal frequency weightings in one-third octaves [18]

Table 5: Additional frequency weightings in one-third octaves [18]

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Figure 6: Building vibration z-axis base curve for acceleration (foot-to-head vibration direction) [20]

Figure 7: Building vibration x- and y-axis base curve for acceleration (side-to-side and back-to-chest vibration
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Table 6: Multiplying factors used in several countries to specify satisfactory magnitudes of building vibration with
respect to human response [20]

Table 7: Vibration dose values (‫ܕ‬Ȁ‫ ܛ‬૚Ǥૠ૞) above which various degrees of adverse comments may be expected in
residential buildings [20]

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3.1.1 Fourier series

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Table 8: Fourier coefficient and phase angle for human walking [22]

3.1.2 Equivalent impulse force

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3.2 Response analysis

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3.2.1 Steady-state response

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Figure 8: ‫ ܏܅‬frequency weighting curve for z-axis vibration and ‫ ܌܅‬frequency weighting curve for x- and y- axis
vibration [22]
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3.3 Response factor

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4 The research work
4.1 Experimental tests
4.1.1 Hollow core concrete slabs

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Figure 9: Experimental structure

Figure 10: Location of the accelerometers A1 to A10 and the exciting loads

Figure 11: Cross-section of the horizontal steel beams and steel connector (a), grout concrete, steel connectors and
steel bars (b)
Figure 12: SF1500 accelerometer

4.1.2 Harmonic vibration tests
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4.1.3 Hammer-impact tests

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Figure 13: Heavy-duty impact hammer (Type 8208) (a) and the imposed signal of impact force hammer (b)
4.1.4 Single pedestrian walking

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Figure 14: Single pedestrian walking paths

4.1.5 Natural frequencies and mode shapes
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Table 9: Natural frequencies and modal damping in phase1
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Figure 15: First three mode shapes in phases 1 and 2

Figure 16: First four modes in phase 3
4.2 Finite element models

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Table 12: Tested values for each parameter

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4.2.2 Shell element models

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Figure 17: concrete floor for models (2) and (3) (a) and concrete floor for model (4) (b)
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Table 13: properties of shell elements

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4.3 Single pedestrian walking tests and analyses
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Figure 21: Four types of single pedestrian walking load time histories
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Figure 22: Phase2: FFT accelerations and r.m.s. accelerations of single pedestrian walking at each path

Figure 23: Phase3: FFT accelerations and r.m.s. accelerations of single pedestrian walking at each path

Figure 24: Comparison of vibration magnitudes

5 Conclusions and further research work
5.1 General conclusions
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References
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List of Bulletins from the previous Department of Structural
Engineering, currently Division of Concrete Structures and Division of
Structural Design and Bridges at KTH Royal Institute of Technology,
Stockholm, Sweden
TRITA-BKN.Bulletin
Pacoste, C., On the Application of Catastrophe Theory to Stability Analyses of Elastic
Structures.
Doctoral Thesis, 1993. Bulletin 1.
Stenmark, A-K., Dämpning av 13 m lång stålbalk "Ullevibalken". Utprovning av dämpmassor

och fastsättning av motbalk samt experimentell bestämning av modformer och
förlustfaktorer. Vibration tests of full-scale steel girder to determine optimum passive control.
Licentiatavhandling, 1993. Bulletin 2.
Silfwerbrand, J., Renovering av asfaltgolv med cementbundna plastmodifierade

avjämningsmassor.
1993. Bulletin 3.
Norlin, B., Two-Layered Composite Beams with Nonlinear Connectors and Geometry Tests
and Theory.
Habtezion, T., On the Behaviour of Equilibrium Near Critical States.

Licentiate Thesis, 1993. Bulletin 5.
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Dynamic Analysis of Hollow

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Dynamic Analysis of Hollow

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LICENTIATE THESIS IN

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND BRIDGES

Dynamic analysis of hollow

KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Figure 1: Hollow core concrete slab

1.2 Aim and scope

1.3 Research contribution

2.1 Whole-body vibration

2.2.1 Early research

2.2.2 Human perception of vibrations in buildings

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2.3 Modern standards for vibration assessment

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2.4 Modern standards for vibration limits in buildings

3.1.1 Fourier series

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3.1.2 Equivalent impulse force

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3.2 Response analysis

3.2.1 Steady-state response

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3.2.2 transient response

3.3 Response factor

4.1.1 Hollow core concrete slabs

Figure 12: SF1500 accelerometer

4.1.3 Hammer-impact tests

4.1.4 Single pedestrian walking

Table 10: Natural frequencies and modal damping in phase2

Table 11: Natural frequencies and modal damping in phase3

4.2 Finite element models

4.2.1 Solid element model

4.2.2 Shell element models

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4.2.3 steady state analyses with four models

4.3.1 Walking load models

4.3.2 The dynamic responses of concrete floor

5.1.3 Paper III

5.2 Further research work

Stenmark, A-K., Dämpning av 13 m lång stålbalk  "Ullevibalken". Utprovning av dämpmassor

Silfwerbrand, J., Renovering av asfaltgolv med cementbundna plastmodifierade

Habtezion, T., On the Behaviour of Equilibrium Near Critical States.

Krus, J., Hållfasthet hos frostnedbruten betong.

Wiberg, U., Material Characterization and Defect Detection by Quantitative Ultrasonics.

Lidström, T., Finite Element Modelling Supported by Object Oriented Methods.

Krus, J., Betongbalkars lastkapacitet efter miljöbelastning.

Sandahl, P., Analysis Sensitivity for Wind-related Fatigue in Lattice Structures.

Yang, L., On Analysis Methods for Reinforced Concrete Structures.

Petersson, Ö., Svensk metod för dimensionering av betongvägar.

Lidström, T., Computational Methods for Finite Element Instability Analyses.

Krus, J., Environment- and Function-induced Degradation of Concrete Structures.

Editor, Silfwerbrand, J., Structural Loadings in the 21st Century.

Troive, S., Optimering av åtgärder för ökad livslängd hos infrastrukturkonstruktioner.

Karoumi, R., Dynamic Response of Cable-Stayed Bridges Subjected to Moving Vehicles.

Hellgren, M., Strength of Bolt-Channel and Screw-Groove Joints in Aluminium Extrusions.

Yagi, T., Wind-induced Instabilities of Structures.

Olsson, A., Object-oriented finite element algorithms.

Yunhua, L., On Shear Locking in Finite Elements.

Ekman, M., Sprickor i betongkonstruktioner och dess inverkan på beständigheten.

Karawajczyk, E., Finite Element Approach to the Mechanics of Track-Deck Systems.

Fransson, H., Rotation Capacity of Reinforced High Strength Concrete Beams.

Forsell, K., Dynamic analyses of static instability phenomena.

Ikäheimonen, J., Construction Loads on Shores and Stability of Horizontal Formworks.

ൌ ͸Ǥͺʹሺ݂‫ݑ‬௠௔௫ ሻ଴Ǥଶସ

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Stenmark, A-K., Dämpning av 13 m lång stålbalk "Ullevibalken". Utprovning av dämpmassor