PLANNING PUBLIC FACILITIES IN AIRPORTS

QUANTITATIVE METHODS

SUBMITTED BY: GROUP 9

SHITANSHU YADAV 270

KUMARI ANUJA 227
BHANU SHARMA 265
SUHANI CHANDRA G 254
Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................................. 3
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 4
LINEAR PROGRAMMING MODEL ........................................................................................... 5
OBSERVATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 9
RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................................. 10
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 11
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our heartiest gratitude to our professor Dr Debadyuti Das for his valuable
guidance, discussion and constant encouragement which played a significant role in the completion
of this project. His suggestions and constructive criticism helped us progress.

We are also grateful for the valuable information that is made available by the Airport Authority
of India, which played a significant role in the successful understanding and completion of the
project.

We would like to take this opportunity to thank our colleagues and seniors who backed our project
by providing valuable suggestions and all possible help.

Last, but not the least, we are extremely grateful to the Dean, Dr Sunita Singh Sengupta for her
valuable encouragements in day to day life to achieve more.
INTRODUCTION
We are going to tackle the topic of planning public facilities in airports. Linear programming can
be an effective tool to make proper decisions to maximize the public facilities in airports given
the constraints of budget, cost and others. For this purpose, we took the Kamaraj Domestic
Airport as our area of study and gathered data about the recent development activities being done
at this airport.

Kamaraj domestic airport is a civil enclave airport serving the city of Chennai and is connected to
almost all major cities in the country. We have taken up the problem statement of developing a
lounge area at the airport, which will be a very useful facility for travellers for their respective
requirements like relaxing, food needs, restroom usage etc.

Lounge facility is an essential public facility provided inside an airport. A new Lounge facility at
the Airport is considered to be a building with the following amenities:
• A room for sleeping; a large room containing numerous beds.
• A residence hall providing rooms for individuals or for groups usually without private
baths.

The objective here is to maximise the net cash flow from the lounge.
The facilities identified to be required in the lounge are as follows:
• Napping room
• Smoking room
• Dining room
• Cafeteria
• Rest rooms
• Parking space
• Kitchen
• Book shop
• Mini market
• Phone booth
• Sporting facilities
• Garden
LINEAR PROGRAMMING MODEL
Preliminary checking needs to be conducted before applying linear programming model. There are
four assumptions for utilizing this model, which are necessary to be fulfilled. Firstly, since this is
a deterministic model, all relevant data is assumed to be known with certainty. Secondly, there are
linear relationships between variables. Thirdly, the variables must be independent. Finally, the
variables must be infinitely divisible.

In this study, the number of rooms and the area of supporting facilities are the decision variables.

• The dimensions of the facilities depend on the number of occupants which are based on
the number of rooms that will be built.
• Therefore, the above facilities are dependent variables and will be combined with the
number of rooms.
Few previous surveys have discovered that 60% of the travellers choose two bed room, only 15%
choose three bed room and the other types only 25%. The ratio between the favourable types is
assumed to be constant. Four units of two bedroom need to be built for each three-bedroom unit.
Number of occupants for the above ratio is eleven people. Thus, three bathrooms will be provided
for one unit of one three-bedroom and four two-bedroom. The dependent facilities and two-
bedroom unit required to be transformed to three bedrooms unit. Unlike the other variables,
Cafeteria needs a fixed amount of area as a service area. Thus, the transformed variable is an
independent one and met the linear programming assumption.

All the above variables represented by one integer variable, I2 (see column 4 in Table 1). Beside
the above dependent facilities, there are six continuous variables (non-integer) for other supporting
facilities (X1 to X 6). The decision variables for this model are shown in the Table 2.

It is explicitly stated that the objective function, that is to maximize the net cash flow. The
coefficient of the objective function could be calculated by the net present value of the cash flow
for each variable. Table 3 illustrates the calculation of coefficient of variable I 2 which composes
of independent and dependent variables. The net present value is calculated from the seven-year
net cash flow which is discounted by 17% per annum. In the calculation of the coefficient of the
first variable (I2). The dependent variables which have been transformed have to be calculated.

Similar calculation process has to be done to determine the coefficient of other decision variables.
Since other decision variable do not represent any dependent variables no conversion is needed.

This project received income from renting the bedroom (two and three bedroom units). common
room, cafeteria, bookshop, mini market, and phone booths, while the expenses mainly for
construction cost and the furniture cost (Table 3). However, some facilities such as cafeteria,
bookshop, and mini market are not furnished. The lease will provide the furniture for doing their
businesses.

Beside independent variables, the objective function also contained the net present value of fixed
cost as a constant (equation 1). Although it will not influence the proportion of variable value, it
will affect the objective value. The biggest component of the fixed cost is land cost.

Max Z = 34,952,096.51 I 2 – 576,000 X 1 + 1,564,218.78 X2 + 1,564,218.78 X3 + 1,564,218.78

X4 - 50,000 X5 – 49,529.5 X6 – 1,385,557,930

The next stage is checking the relation of the alternative course of action which must be interrelated
through a set of constraints. There are three constraints which are applied in this model, that are
physical constraints, regulation constraints, and market constraints. The physical constraints
consist of the land area, minimum room capacity and layout.

It is planned to construct a three story residential building and one story building for some
collective facilities, such as common room, cafeteria, bookshop, mini market and phone booths.
The first floor of the main building comprises of living room, dining room, kitchen, bedrooms, and
bathrooms (constraints Y 2). The upper floors only have living room, bedrooms, and bathrooms
(constraints Y3).

The Building Coverage Ratio (BCR) in this region is 50% of total area (constraint Y1), while the
total building and land area constraints are determined in constraint Y 4. The land area is 4050
square meters. The market demand restrained the preferable facilities and their sizes. The
allowable ranges of sizes of the facilities (constraints Y 5 to Y13) are determined based on the
design requirement and other similar building in the neighbourhood. For example, constraints Y 4
and Y 5 restrict the kitchen size. While the rest control the sizes of bookshop, mini market, phone
booths and sport facilities (Table 4).

Finally, the linear programming model, which consists of the objective and constraint functions,
could be solved by computer software which can solve mixed integer and linear programming
model. In this study, SOLVER a tool in MS-Excel. is utilized to optimize the model. Table 4
exhibited the coefficient of objective and constraint functions. Since the constant (see equation 1)
in this calculation can be eliminated for optimizing the problem. it is not shown in the Table 4.
Z = objective function

Yi = constraint function

Ii = decision variable i (integer variable)

Xi = decision variable i (continuous variable)

OBSERVATIONS

Objective value = Rp 1,778,510,487

Maximum net cash flow = Rp 1,778,510,487 – Rp 1,385,557,930 = Rp 392,952,557

The above outputs have to be transformed to the other dependent variable to present the site
allocation decision, Table 5 shows total area of each facility in the linear programming model,
while Table 6 shows the composition of rooms (two or three bedrooms) for each floor which are
adjusted from design layout, The linear programming output could creatively be utilized in the
design layout.
RECOMMENDATIONS

The above table consists of the optimization results with respect to the number of 2-bedroom, 1-
bedroom rooms, bathrooms etc along with their area.
REFERENCES
• https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2132197/real-estate-developper-problem

• https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijae/2008/732828/

• http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2238-10312015000400015

• https://www.nap.edu/read/22964/chapter/7

• https://www.delhilpp.org/images/Report1.pdf

• http://planningschemes.dpcd.vic.gov.au/schemes/melbourne

• https://www.princeton.edu/~ota/disk3/1984/8403/840311.PDF

• https://www.cgg.wa.gov.au/Profiles/cgg/Assets/ClientData/Documents/Consultations/38/
Geraldton-Airport-Special-Control-Area-LPP.pdf

• https://modgov.hillingdon.gov.uk/documents/s32955/T5C%20Heathrow%20Airport%20
Hounslow%20-%2047853APP20161157.pdf

• https://www.iata.org/whatwedo/ops-infra/airport-infrastructure/Pages/airport-
development.aspx

• https://www.northam.wa.gov.au/Assets/Documents/Document-Centre/Northam-Shire-
Policies/2013_LPP_9_-_Northam_Airport_Development.pdf

• https://dda.org.in/tendernotices_docs/july2018/FAQs20112018.pdf

• http://planning-schemes.delwp.vic.gov.au/schemes/brimbank