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1 i i Marzo 1969
D. LEITER
Physics Department, Boston College - Chestnut Hill, Mass.
T h e p u r p o s e of t h i s w o r k is t o d i s c u s s t h e p r o p e r t i e s of s o l u t i o n s to u h e u r -
i s t i c m o d e l of w a v e - m e c h a n i c a l h y d r o g e n in w h i c h we p o s t u l a t e t h e e x i s t e n c e
of a (~h i d d e n - v a r i a b l e ~) field n(x, t) as
where
i) DD_(x--x') =0,
T h e n t h e m o d i f i e d S c h r S d i n g e r e q u a t i o n for h y d r o g e n in t h i s m o d e l is pos-
108 I). LEITER
tulated to b e (2)
\
(3) (~2
~mm r 2u(x, t )/| ~o(x, t) = i~df(x, t) ' (h = c = 1)
w h e r e 2 is t h e c o u p l i n g c o n s t a n t of t h e x - f i e l d to t h e ~0-field. E q u a t i o n (3)
is a n o n l i n e a r p a r t i a l i n t e g r o - d i f f e r e n t i a l e q u a t i o n i n ~0. T h i s e q u a t i o n h a s (~l i m i t
c y c l e solutions )) (LCS) (2)
where
2/--1 1
i) ~ ( . , t) = Z Z b~U~(x),
l--l} ~ - - - - l
(5)
m~ 2
iii) E~ - -
2N
t h e n , since ~ ~ 0, t h i s i m p l i e s t h a t 3t CN ~ 0. In fact
co
• ac~(t)
(7)
~t 21'.1
w h i c h is a n o n l i n e a r e q u a t i o n i n t h e C~(t)'s for w h i c h t h e a s y m p t o t i c a l l y s t a b l e
solutions are
i) c~,(t) -+ a~, ,
(8)
ii, ~St - + 0 . ], 2
Hence, superpositions of the LCS, eq. (6) will evolve causally into one of
in the superposition. Solutions like (6) will be henceforth referred to as <~limit
cycle transition solutions ~> (LCT). To u n d e r s t a n d the physics of how this oc-
curs we shall s t u d y the transition process in detail.
- dx'aR2~*(x')cpq(x').
i8C~=~ ~ ~ F ( ~ + ~ ) 8 ('~+~' ]
where A ~ = E~ - - E~ and
8C~(t)
~_, .F~,(t)C~(t) ,
o
where
i) w~,,,o.-.o[(,~/m~)
(2s:t:l) 28
],
~(2s+l)
07)
ii) (~t)2,+~( S ~ ) ~ 0 [(mo~2)~+~].
Then the ildinite series of derivatives in (16) will converge and /'~r~(t) can be
t r u n c a t e d to some finite order (2N4-1), and will be accurate to order ~ g . Hence
in what follows we will be justified in assuming that (13) is a (25r4-1)-order,
ordinary, nonlinear differential equation for 3? > 1. The energy of the hydrogen
atom, obeying (3), is
(18)
2$ M 2V
(19) s(t) = ~ [C~(t)]2E~ 4- ~ ~ F~q(t)C~(t) Cq(t) .
P=I ~-1 q = l
Hence the energy of the hydrogen atom, in this model, will be changing with
time if the wave function is described b y (6). This nonstationary condition
of the energy will continue until (6) evolves into an LCS like (4). This can
occur when (8) is satisfied since then all the derivatives of S~(t) vanish and
(16) and (15) imply t h a t Fr~ = 0 and i~cC~r/~t -----0. For example in the r-th
LCS we have
i) ~(t) E(,} (r=l, 2, ...)
(20)
ii) (d/dt) e ( t ) = 0 ,
T h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c t i m e of e v o l u t i o n of a n L C T i n t o a n d LCS c a n b e esti-
m a t e d b y c a l c u l a t i n g ~lC~(t)12/~t f r o m (15) as
et - 2 5 (1;~(t).q~,(t)).
q=l
T h e n f r o m (17) a n d (21)
(22) alc'l"
at ,-~ 0 [ ( 2 c ~ ) m ~ ] .
[ 2m r J
112 D. LEITEI~
F o r this more general case, the preceding discussiou would be still valid, except
for the requirement of having triplet sets of i~dices of the _~¢'(t), and the pres-
enee of the vector and scalar potential terms in p(t~ in ~ddition to 2~.
3. - A c o n n e c t i o n t o c o n v e n t i o n a l quantum mechanics.
RIASSUNTO (')