2018 2nd Int. Conf.

on Innovations in Science, Engineering and Technology (ICISET)

27-28 October 2018, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Automatic Accident Detection and Human

Rescue System: Assistance through
Communication Technologies
Frahim Wadud Taj
Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering
International Islamic University Chittagong,
Bangladesh
a.k.azad.um@gmail.com
Abdul Kadar Muhammad Masum
Department of Computer Science and
Engineering
International Islamic University
Chittagong, Bangladesh
akmmasum@yahoo.com
S M Taslim Reza
Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering
International Islamic University
Chittagong, Bangladesh
smtaslimreza@gmail.com

Md. Kalim Amzad Chy Iftekhar Mahbub

Department of Computer Science and
Engineering
International Islamic University
Chittagong, Bangladesh
kalim.amzad.chy@gmail.com
Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering
International Islamic University
Chittagong, Bangladesh
Iftekharcse1@gmail.com

Abstract—With the rapid growth of population vehicles have
become an absolute necessity of our daily life. Increasing vehicles
causes lots of accidents and loss of life due to late information
reaching to the rescue team and arrival of an ambulance. This
paperpresents an Automatic Accident Detection and Human
Rescue System (AADHRS) that will detect accidents and save the
victims’ life by informing the rescue team. Vibration sensor,
Global System for Mobile (GSM) and Global Positioning System
(GPS) are used in this system. After taking places of an accident,
the system delivers a short message to a nearby rescue team and
police station via GSM module. The message includes the
longitude and latitude values of the location. A rescue team can
instantly trace the location of the vehicle tapping geographical
coordinates in Google earth or any other GPS viewer application
to help wounded people. Most of the previous system comprised
of multiple sensors for detecting accident which increased the
cost of the project. But, the proposed model includes only one
vibration sensor; thus it reduces the cost of multiple sensor and
the complexity of interfacing. So, it will be affordable for vehicle
owners of Bangladesh.
Keywords— accident detection system; human rescue system;
Global Positioning System (GPS); Global System for Mobile (GSM)
I. INTRODUCTION
The advancement of the vehicles is the decisive factor for
the larger amount of increasing population. Consecutively it
becomes a disaster through road accidents. World Health
Organization (WHO) states that, more than1,200,000 people
die worldwide in road crashes and about 50,000,000 are
disabledeach year[1].In 2017, 4,284 people were killed, and
9,112 were disabled in 3,472 road crashesacross Bangladesh
[2]. Statistics show that 15.82% accidents increased and
25.56% death in 2017 compared withthe previous year[2].
Every day nearly64 people die because of these fatal road
accidents[3]. In spite oftaking some necessary steps, it is
increasing in alarming rate. Unfortunately, the arrival of an
ambulance to the accident spot is delayed because the rescue
team is not informed in time. Moreover, sometimes, they are
reported but cannot trace the exact location. Consequently, it
causes the loss of life as the information doesn't reach to the
rescue team immediately. Virtanent et al. shows that 4.6% of
the fatality of the road accidents could be avoided if the
immediate steps could be taken at the place of a road accident
intime [4].
As such, to track the accident automatically and inform the
nearest hospital,asmartaccident detection and human rescue
systemwith anautomatic notification are crying needto save the
valuable lives.The main thrust of this paper is to propose an
efficient Automatic Accident Detection and human Rescue
System (AADHRS) that detects the accident more precisely.
The AADHRS ensures the medical facilities to the accident
victim as early as possible like an ambulance reaching at the
accident location in time without any delay. This process will
save time mainly for the areas situated in a remote place that is
outer part of central city.
The prime objective of this paper is to develop an automatic
accident detection and human rescue system. To the best of our
knowledge, such kind of system is not available in Bangladesh
yet. Moreover, the implementation cost of this system in the
vehicles is very low (approximately BDT 5000-6000). So, the
system would be useful and affordable for vehicle owners of
developing countries such as Bangladesh.
The rest of this paper is structured as follows. Section II
deliberates the related work.Part III includes methodology
where circuit operation, accident identification process is
described. In result and discussion section normal condition,
initial condition and accident condition are observed. Finally,
section IV concludes the paper.
II. RELATED WORK
Nowadays, in numerous applications, smartphones are
used as moving traffic probes and sensors [5-7], investigating
the road environment, accident detection and traffic
congestion. These are the great features of an Intelligent

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Transport System (ITS) that looks for reducing traffic condition for a while for pressing the acknowledge button to
congestion and improving the traffic safety [8]. reset. After over the period, GSM sends SMS to the nearest
Whitney and Pisano [9] proposed an automatic accident hospital and police. Block Diagram of the proposed system is
detection method. But there was a chance of wrong alarming shown in Figure 1.
and also couldn’t give any assurance of accident occurrence.
Extending the earlier study, Amin et al. [10]proposed a GPS,
GSM and GPRS Technology based accident detection system
that can also report to the system. But, that involves huge cost.
Saiprasert et al. [11] advocated a system using
androidapplication where in case of unsafe driving it could
report to the system. Moreover,by tracking the
transportations,Lee [12] developed a system that can detect
accident on the highway. The system comprisedGPS, pressure
and accelerometersensor that can identifyan actual fear and
send the information to the nearesthospital and police station.
But their pressure sensor was not able to give a precise reading.
Again, Detection from Arm Processor system came into
existence that used ARM7 (LPC 2129) processor and also
GPS, GSM, RF transmission modules which attached to
ambulance [13]. Basically, it is based on an approach to make
way for an ambulance using the Internet of things (IOT) based
intelligent traffic light control system where the ambulance Fig.1. Block Diagram
driver accesses the device through GPS. The driver traces the
location and sends the updates to traffic control management, The proposed system is classified into the following parts:
and GPS is connected to ARM processor. It uses a GSM A. Circuit operation
module to send a message to traffic management and get
acknowledgement from the receiver side. The communication By getting a power supply, the GSM and the input-output
takes place with high security as information is encrypted. The port ready to operate. In Figure 2, circuit operation is shown,
management side uses an optocoupler to pass data and control done by PROTEUS software. Vibration sensor takes vibration
to a personal computer (PC). PC controls the traffic light [14] data, and GPS sends reading data to micro-controller. The
that focuses on the running emergency vehicles and provides a vibration sensors current state always high that changes to a
clear path. But there involved a lot of complexity in the low state when the vibration limit exceeds. This weak signal
perspective of the driver. FPGA Technology based rescue satisfied a condition of the microcontroller. So, current latitude
system [15] was developed that basically detects a position of and longitude by GPS and a code generated message will ready
any transportation and send an automated message to the pre- for send. A warning message is shown in LCD. And LED is
programmed number. This device could notify the vehicle also blinking. The condition for a while for pressing the
owner,ambulance to rescuepeople andpolice to remove traffic acknowledge button to reset. After over the period GSM send
congestion. FPGA controls and coordinate all parts used in the SMS to the rescue team and police.
system. With the help of the accelerometer sensor, the system Arduino communicates with the GSM module in serial
could tell the exact position of the vehicle. This system is not mode. From serial pins of Arduino, Rx pinis connected with
cost effective also. the TX pin of the GSM module and Tx pin with the Rx pin of
After an extensive literature review, it can be concluded the GSM module. The ground pin of Arduino and the ground
that most of the system used multiple sensors for detecting pin of GSM module is connected through a wire.
accident which increases the cost of the project. But in this
proposed model, only one vibration sensor was used which
reduces the cost of multiple sensors and complexities of
interfacing.
III. METHODOLOGY
In this proposed system Microcontroller being powered by
DC supply that switches onthe GSM. After a while, the input-
output port gets ready, and accident detection process is being
started. GPS sends reading data to micro-controller
continuously as well as Vibration sensor takes vibration data.
The vibration sensors present state is always high. After
exceeding its limit, it turns into a low signal. This weak signal
satisfied a condition of the microcontroller. After satisfied
condition, current latitude and longitude by GPS and a code
generated message will ready for send. In this time, a warning Fig. 2. Circuit Diagram
message will be shown in LCD, and a LED also blazes. The

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B. Hardware Interface
The Automatic Accident detection and human rescue
system consist of ATMEGA 328P, VibrationSW-420, GPS
NEO-6, GSM SIM 900, I²C bus, LCD16x2, shown in Figure 3.
There has only four pins in the GPS modulenamelyTXD, RXD,
VCC and ground.GPS TXD is connected with Arduino RX pin
and GPS RXD pin withArduino TX pin. TX pin is the
transmitted pin, and RX pin is the receiver pin of GPS (UART
Tx, UART Rx. Both pins can be a logic high level that is up to
3.3V.
After giving power supply, the GSM get power, and the
input-output port gets ready Figure 3. GPS sends reading data
to micro-controller as well as Vibration sensor takes vibration
data continuously. The present state of vibration sensor is
always high that turns into low signal when the vibration limit
exceeds. This weak signal satisfied a condition of the
microcontroller. After satisfied of the state, current latitude and
longitude of GPS and a code generated message would ready
for send. Also, warning message is shown in LCD, and a LED
also blazes. The condition for pressing the acknowledge button
to reset. After over the period GSM send SMS.
Fig. 3. Hardware Block diagram
C. GSM Interface:
To set up a communication between computer or mobile
and GSM system GSM module is used. Global System for
Mobile communication (GSM) isconnected to a Printed Circuit
Board (PCB) along withvarious types of output that is received
from the PCB board, like RS232 Output to interface directly
with a PC (personal computer) and TTL (Transistor–transistor
logic) Output for Arduino, 8051 and other micro-
controllers.VCC pin ofthe GSM module board takes out +5V
or other values of power and ground pin for a ground
connection that may change with different modules.
Communication between mobile and GSM module is
performed by some AT commands. AT+CMGF is used to
select the format of the message where “AT+CMGF = 1” is
used for text mode and “AT+CMGF = 0” is used for PDU
mode. Text mode is selected in our proposed system which
expected result is OK. AT+CMGS is used to send message.By
replacing x with mobile number in the following AT command
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"AT+CMGS=\"x\"\r", the system can send message to that
mobile number.
There exist various kinds of GSM modem and modulein the
shop. Among them, GSM module with TTL Output provisions
is used for our system tosend and receive SMS and
connectwith Arduino.
D. GSM ModuleBooting:
After entering the SIM card to the GSM module need to
interface the adapter and turn on the GSM module. It requires
time to connect with the mobile network. A few minutes
later,status or networking led blinking will be changed. When
the connection is performed status or network led will blink
every 3 seconds continuously. It can be tested by making a
call from the inserted sim card no to another mobile no. If the
connection is established successfully ring will be heard.
E. Establishing Connection between Arduino and GSM
Module:
To connect the GSM module with Arduino, there have two
options. Serial communication is most used inbetween Arduino
and GSM module. From serial pins of Arduino, Rx pin is
connected with the TX pin of the GSM module and Tx pin
with the Rx pin of the GSM module. The ground pin of
Arduino and the ground pin of GSM module is connected
through a wire. From Arduino 2nd pin is associated with the TX
pin of the GSM module and 3rd Pin with the RX pin of the
GSM Module. This configuration has been shown in Figure 4.
Fig. 4. Sim 900 GSM module interface with Arduino
F. Accident identification process
Microcontroller, vibration sensor, GSM module, GPS system
and a user interface is the main part of the vehicle unit. The
voltage which is measured from the vibration sensor that is
basically low-level voltage. Now, the low-level voltage needs
to process. To detect the accident, multiple sensors can be used
that is helpful in avoiding detection error. At utmost vibration
sensitive locations, these sensors can be fitted in a
transportation frame. In inside part of the vehicle, a
fundamental system needs to be employed to process the signal
which comes from the sensor. By analyses that signal, it is
possible to detect the accident.
According to the given flowchart Figure 5 the process will start
by initialising GSM and GPS. If affirmative, then it read the
vibration sensor; otherwise it returns the process. The vibration
sensor starts taking a reading. If vibration exceeded the limit
GPS get the accident location and LED is blinking and warning
massages on LCD. The system is waiting for checking the
button state. If reset the button then it starts to read the
vibration sensor. If negative, then GSM send the SMS to the
hospital and Display shows the warning.
Fig. 5. Flowchart of Automatic accident detection and human rescue system.
IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
A. Outlook or total overview of the Project
In figure 6, the outlook of the project has been given.
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Figure: 6 Overview of the project
B. Normal condition
Figure 7 indicates that LCD keeps on showing different
instruction accident. The whole process is controlled by the
microcontroller Arduino that has processed program in
reasonable condition the vibration sensor values remain in high
value. The LCD show The message "--- CarBlueBox! —"
Fig 7. An outlook of the display at normal condition.
C. Initial Accident Condition
Through signal conditioner,the microcontroller receives an
electric signal from vibration sensor while transportation
experiences an accident. That time vibration in a low state. The
LCD display shows instruction that "Are you ok? Reset” as
like as Figure 8. If the victim remains safe, then he can press
the reset button. If pressed the reset button, it become in normal
condition.
Fig 8. Initial accident condition
D. After Accident Condition
If the victim is unable to press the reset button, vibration
sensor sends detected electric signal to the microcontroller
through signal conditioner. LCD showed the text "– In
Danger!—" In Figure 9. GPS trace the latitude and longitude.
Then the information gathered by GPS about vehicle location
that immediately sends to control section through GSM which
is shown in Fig. 9b.

a.
b. c.
Fig. 9. When an accident occurs (a). SMS regarding the accident is received
by Hospital (b). When emergency health robbery issue, SMS is sent in
Hospital(c)
If any passenger or driver needs emergency medical
support, pressed the emergency button, an SMS sent a near
hospital shortly with location. This device also detected the
accident when the vehicle Turn Over or tilting any side.
The established of automatic accident detection and
human rescue system is compared with some of the previous
works. As like as Bluetooth module (HC-05) is used to send
the information of accident to an android phone while GPS
location of the accident sends to the Android app [16]. The
SMS can be sent by interfacing GSM and GPS without android
phone and apps. This feature is present in the proposed system.
To detect an accident and notify the nearest hospital and
policethe proposed system requires to install OBUs in the
transportation. The designed system replaces the old
mechanisms of the notification of accidents that is based on
witnesses, who may giveincorrect or incomplete
information.By using a vibration sensor accident can be
detected automatically. This feature is present in the proposed
system. From the above discussion, it can be concluded that the
Automatic Accident detection and human rescue system is a
simple and flexible system.
V. CONCLUSION
The design and development of Automatic Accident
detection and human rescue system which is based on vibration
tilt sensor using GSM and GPS are demonstrated in this
proposed model. Accident spot and location can be detected
automatically & precisely. Consequently, it will prevent the
wasting of time in searching for the location of the accident.
The result section proved that this system could automatically
detect accident and able to sends the information to the main
controller. Then based on the information main controller
sends the ambulance unit to accident spot without any delay.
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Hence, it possible to bring the wounded people to a hospital in
time. Such functions can be useful for “help” and “safety”, of
humans and society. Therefore, this low cost, reliable and
efficient system is the alternative of high cost, manual and
unreliable system. The Automatic Accident detection and
human rescue system, however, lacks certain features due to
certain complexities related to interfacing. In the future,
Smartphone application can be applied to guide the driver.
Real-time GPS tracking can be added for showing vehicle
movement directly in Google map. Moreover, his system can
be used in the front bumper to increase the more accuracy of
accident detection.
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