Sogo Paper

FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF TOURISM AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT
`“Safety Preparedness of Hotel Sogo Branches in the City of Manila “
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Program
Bachelor of Science in Tourism and Hotel Management
Presented by:
Asi, Sharyn M.
Bune, Ma. Jona
Macaballug, Mikaella
Maeda, Hitomi
Padilla, Porchia
Tantoco, Marivic Rafael
Villanueva, Kathleen
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ABSTRACT
Emergency planning and safety preparedness for a crisis are the most significant
components of dealing with disasters. Hospitality practitioners noticed a rising number of
natural and man-made crises that harm the hospitality industry, regarding its vulnerability
to crisis and internal and external hazards. By using secondary data, this study aims to
shed some light on this issue, contributing to knowledge and awareness on emergency
preparedness for the hospitality industry. Moreover, the study aims to explain the
management’s commitment to adopt, develop, and update emergency plans.
Safety is important to promote hotels and tourist destinations to the guests and
holiday advisors. Practitioners propose disaster management frameworks using several
measurements. Recovery from crisis and learning help business retention that minimizes
negative impacts and prevent losses. The evaluation and feedback are very important to
overcome the hazards and return to normal, as well as adopting new ideas to deal with
emergencies. Single- and double-loop organizational learning should benefit Safety
preparedness.
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Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: THE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY……………………………………….…....…5

Background of the Study.……………………...………………………………………..……….………5
Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………………….……..………..7
Conceptual Framework……………………………………….…………………………..……..………8
Statement of the Hypothesis…………………………….………………….……….….………………9
Significance of the Study……………………………………………………….……...…….………….9
Scope and Limitations…………………………………………………….……………………....……10
Definition of Terms……………………………………………………………………....……………...11
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE……………………………………..…………………....14
Safety Preparedness……………………………………………………….………..……..….……….14
Tourist……………………………………………………………………………………..…....…..……15
Crisis and Disasters………………………………………………………….…………..….....….……16
Level of Fire Safety Awareness…………………………………………….…………….......….……17
Employees…………………………………………………………………...…………………..………18
Management……………………………………………………………………………….……….……19
Synthesis of the Study…………………………………………………………………….……....……20
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY…………..…………………….………….…………22
Research Design…………………………………………………………………….……….…………22
Sampling Design……………………………………..…………………..………...………….………..23
Data Collection Method…………………………………………………………….………….……….23
Development of Research Instrument……………………………………………..……….…………24
Statistical Treatment of Data Matrix…………………………………………….…………………….25
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CHAPTER 4: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS……………………………….……....…31
Specific Research Objectives #1.. ……………………………………………………….…..……... 31

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION………………………..…………….. 36
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………..………….…… 36
Levels……………………………………………………………………………….…..…...…….…… 36
Statistic ………………………………………………………………………………...….…….…..… 37
Recommendation…………………………………………………………………..…..….…………... 37
REFERENCES….………………………………………………………………………….………….. 38
APPENDICES…….………………………………………………………………………….………….41
APPENDIX A….……………………………………………………………………..………….42
APPENDIX B….……………………………………………………………………..………….44
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
The researchers use Sogo as the particular hotel in this study. It is a 2 star rating
hotel and it has a lot of branches locally. It is a well-known budget friendly hotel in the
Philippines in terms of its accommodation.
In 1992, Hotel Sogo was established by two professionals who can only described
in their official website, a hotel professional and the other is a commercial developer.
Sogo is one of the biggest hotel chains in the country because of their great CEO
Edmundo Las. The Hotel Sogo branch has 25 Branches and all the rates are affordable.
They have three different kinds of room which are Economy room, Deluxe room, and
Executive room. The Economy room was usually offered to their budget friendly
customers, that usually stay for short period of time; Deluxe room is usually offered for
business purposes, it was also offered to couples that usually want to have quality time
with each other; while Executive room is being offered for a family or mid class level of
person to enjoy more of their stay on the hotel because of its wider ambiance. Sogo has
first class amenities with bigger rooms and thematic atmosphere which made them the
classiest motel of its time and the most innovative. The geisha in Sogo’s logo proves that
the place is for short time stay only. On the other hand, the geisha’s covering of her face
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with a fan is reminiscent of Victoria’s logo: black and white silhouette of a woman with a
finger making a shush sign. Both images imply privacy, if not secrecy.
Safety plans for disasters and crisis in hotels are essential; unlike other budget
hotels, Sogo does not have one. The researchers want to know if Sogo hotel can make
sure that the clients are secured and safe in case of emergency.
The researchers noticed that most of the budget hotels lack security, especially
during calamities and crisis. A secured and protected accommodation is one of the
essentials that a customer will inquire. This study caught our attention because this is one
of the requisites of the customers; choosing a hotel that is affordable, efficient and yet, a
safe one.
Recently, the tourism industry in the Philippines is facing increasing rates of
disasters and crisis in our country. The researchers want the readers to recognize that
safety preparedness of budget hotels is not common in the hotel and management
industry. Nevertheless, in this study, the researchers want the readers to gain knowledge
about the effectiveness of safety preparedness for disasters and crisis in the hotel
industry.
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Statement of the Problem
This study aims to identify the effective emergency management practices of Sogo Hotel.
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What is the level of agreement in effective Safety preparedness of Sogo Hotel?
1.1 Communication, Planning, Coordination, Response and Command Problem
1.2 Learning, Training and Performance assessment problems
1.3 Poverty, Rumor and Community preparedness problems
1.4 Disaster mental health
2. What are the practices in safety preparedness management of the Sogo Hotel?
3. Is there any significant difference in the level of agreement in effective safety
preparedness between the employees and management?
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Conceptual Framework
This framework will give us knowledge on how to deal with crises and disasters by
distinguishing its variables.
Planning, Learning, Training Poverty and Disaster

Coordination, and Performance Community mental
Response and assessment Preparedness health
Command problems problems
Problems
Practice in Safety
Preparedness
Safety Preparedness and Evaluation,

Preparedness and Planning Resolution and
Planning implementation Learning
Safety Preparedness Plan
Figure 1: Emergency Improvement Plan
The framework above shows the approach in the study. The main topic is placed on the
top which is about the effective emergency management. Under the main topic are the
factors in evaluating the emergency practices, namely; communication, training,
preparedness problems and disaster mental health. To be able to have an emergency
improvement plan, it also involves the safety preparedness and planning,
implementation and evaluation, resolution and learning. We would be having the
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evaluation of the safety preparedness on the disaster responses and effective or failure
emergency management of the chosen hotel which is the Hotel Sogo.
The framework will serve as the basis of this study. This would help to have emergency
improvement plan on how to respond in some disasters and crisis. If we are all prepared,
it will be very easy for us to respond with some disasters and crisis that's going to happen.
Hypothesis
The first and only hypothesis that the researchers provided is given to
interpret the significance level of agreement in effective safety preparedness between the
employees and management.
H1: There is no significant difference on level of agreement in the practices of
effective emergency management between the employees and management. Showing
us that the two items being compared are NOT different and there's a low probability of
getting a result that large or larger
H2: The Safety Preparedness of Hotel Sogo suites to a three star hotel quality
standards.
Significance of the Study
Having knowledge about safety preparedness for disasters and crisis in the hotel
industry is a very important element in the hospitality and tourism industry nowadays.
This study will be beneficial to the following:
The Department of Tourism (DOT) is in charge for the regulation of the Philippine
tourism industry. It is also responsible for promoting our country, the Philippines, as a
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tourism destination; Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is a government
agency responsible for supervising all corporations and partnerships in the Philippines,
licensing, regulation and registration; Bureau of Fire Protection is responsible for saving
the lives of people and to protect their properties.
The Sogo Hotel are responsible for accommodating customers as well as to
provide them safety and security.
The hotel staffs will identify all critical areas of the facility; including general
conditions of their buildings i.e. roof covering, roof flashing and drainage openings.
The customers and clients of the hotel will serve this as one of the guides in
choosing their hotels and be aware of the safety preparedness for disasters and crisis.
The future researchers will have a benefit in seeking information when they use
this study for their research.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study is limited to an investigation as a tool to further improvements for the
safety preparedness of Hotel Sogo by knowing their industry and its usage, the safety
and image of the said most lodging chain in Our country Philippines. This paper covers
the study relating with the Safety preparedness and disaster management crisis deals
with all the situations leading up to, during and after the disaster and its scope is to reduce
losses of the society at large as well as to reduce personal suffering and speed recovery.
It is largely limited by their funding.
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The 100 respondents are randomly selected but still fall under the category. The
time that we got for completing this research was only three days and unfortunately, we
could not do much as we would have done. Somehow, we have managed to seek
information about the Sogo hotel branches. We gained knowledge in this study by
knowing the safety plan of a budget hotel
Definition of terms
The following words below were specifically used in the study:
Accommodation – a room, group of rooms, or building in which someone may live or stay.
All-Hazard – a grouping classification encompassing all conditions, environmental or man
made, that has the potential to cause injury, illness, or death; damage to or loss of
equipment, infrastructure services, or property; or alternatively causing functional
degradation to social, economic, or environmental aspects.
Crisis – the turning point of a disease when an important change takes place, indicating
either recovery or death.
Customer – someone who is purchasing product(s) and/or service(s) from a Hotel; may
also include an agent acting on the Customer’s behalf.
Disaster – unexpected bad happened such as an accident that has great impact or loss
of life.
Emergency – unexpected and often dangerous to a person requiring an immediate action
or treatment
Hotel Industry – all forms of business relating to the provision of accommodation in
lodging, food and drinks and various types of other services that are interconnected and
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form intended for the public service, both of which use the lodging facilities or who simply
use the services or the production of certain of the hotel.
Hospitality Industry – a broad category of fields within service industry that includes
lodging, event planning, theme parks, transportation, cruise line, and additional fields
within the tourism industry.
Improvement plan – is a great way to give struggling employees the opportunity to
succeed while still holding them accountable for past performance.
Journals – a newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular subject or professional
activity.
Management – the people in charge of running a company or organization, regarded
collectively.
Methodology – a system of methods used in a particular area of study or activity.
Motel – a roadside hotel designed primarily for motorists, typically having the rooms
arranged in a low building with parking directly outside.
Personal Interview – a survey method that is utilized when a specific target population is
involved.
Plan – design or make a plan of (something to be made or built).
Preparations – the action or process of making ready or being made ready for use or
consideration.
Quantitative Method – used to gather data for the purpose of analyzing quantity and
numbers, and deriving meaning and understanding from these.
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Researchers – diligent and systematic inquiry or investigation into a subject in order to
discover or revise facts, theories, applications, etc.
Respondents – a person who replies to something, especially one supplying information
for a survey or questionnaire or responding to an advertisement.
Safety – the condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or injury.
Satisfaction – fulfillment of one's wishes, expectations, or needs, or the pleasure derived
from this.
Security – the state of being free from danger or threat.
Survey – investigate the opinions or experience of (a group of people) by asking them
questions
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Anchoring on the objectives of the study, the researchers reviewed the related
studies for them to distinguish the reasons behind the safety preparedness for disasters
and crises that are crucial to any hotel industry, as well as, the other aspirations that we
searched for a database. It is one of the most substantial advancements in the tourism
industry in regards to growing attention to service quality from the customer’s
perspectives.
Safety Preparedness
For us to increase the level of preparedness, nurses needed to have
supplementary training, such as the drills and so on (Jiang., 2015). When coping with the
environmental emergencies, effective response and preparedness plans are very
essential. A great dedication to capacity building protection and preparedness is being
observed (UN, 2013).
In accordance to what (A. Masi,2014) have said, in having a large amount of
population, it is important to have well-trained volunteers in safety preparedness. It is very
difficult to overcome the disasters even if there is an earthquake prediction raised via
media.
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As per (Enz, 2018) said that the physical attributes or features that signals safety
and security are a critical part of the overall “servicescape” of a hotel and help to define
the service experience.
Tourists
Two types of visitors were classified by (Spencer, 2013). People who live in the
vicinity area and those are not. Understanding the most basic clients and the differences
of their characteristics is important to the area manager. It is also expected to grow further
due to the increase in the number of tourist arrival every year (Hamid, Ismail, Fuza,
Ahmad & Awang, 2012) and its contribution towards the environment is high.
Furthermore, the satisfied consumer is less sensitive to price, less concerned by
competitors’ counter attacks and linked with the unsatisfied consumer, stays loyal to
company for longer (Nam 2011). Edwards, Griffin, and Hayllar (2008) suggested criteria
that influence how tourists use cities for tourism. These include the influence of transport
on tourist access and the benefits of urban tourism that tourists receive. However, locals
and tourists attribute different meanings and significance to these characteristics, and
thus have distinct needs regarding landscape development (Lesego S. Stone, Gyan P.
Nyaupane at al., 2016)
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Crisis and Disasters
According to Tao (2012), an important challenge is to promote a communication
infrastructure that facilitates environment information services, both sensor-based and
human-based, to work together managing different information sources providing very
large volumes and dimensionality of data. However, disaster reconstruction funds may
also be diverted to development priorities at the expense of recovery and risk reduction
for the affected communities. Disaster assistance commonly follows pre-existing
economic ties and geostrategic interests (Farmer 2011; UNOSE 2012).
(Greenberg, 2013) Stated that regardless of the immediate trigger, catastrophic
events need not lead to large-scale, long-term crises for cities and their populations,
disasters and their outcomes are never “natural.” If a place have minimal risk and
inequality, they are more likely to experience disasters and crisis. In understanding the
origin and impact, as well as devising for recovering from the crisis and disasters, the
broader socio-spatial, political-economic, and historic context is needed.
Disasters occur unexpectedly and are caused by slow, sustained public health
emergencies, and can stress the health care systems to the breaking point and affect the
delivery of the important medical services. Crisis is also unpredictable and can be found
just around the corner, it can happen anytime, anywhere. Fires, floods, tornadoes, and
hurricanes are some of the examples of the tremendous havoc that can happen on a
population. Planning for these situations is very necessary especially in providing the best
possible health care during the crisis and disasters (Frederick Erdtmann, 2016).
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Organizational crisis communication and disaster crisis communication were
categorized under the crisis communication. How corporations and other actors in
organization respond to the crises that are somehow linked to the organizational actors
were examined in the organizational crisis communication while the communicative
demands created by natural disasters and public health crises were included in the
disaster crisis communication. An example under the organizational crisis communication
can be the explosion and fire in a certain facility. Tsunamis and flu outbreaks can also be
the examples under the disaster crisis communication
( John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2015).
Level of Fire Safety Awareness
This is the ability to recognize the danger of fire, ability to know what to do
to prevent fire as well as what action to take in case one happens. All fire disaster
preparedness is based on the knowledge about fire hazards, the likelihood of
different causes of fire outbreaks and the likely effects on the built and natural
environment (Comolotti, 2011). He says people with knowledge
about fire disaster will acquire equipments such as fire extinguishers, fire blanket
and smoke detectors among others to support response activities. They also
prepare their families and employees to take immediate action to prevent death
injury and destruction of property whenever 12 disaster strikes. Safety regulations
in U.K impose mandatory fire safety training to all employees working within a
building, a construction area or any other busy area which helps provide
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employees with crucial information, develop skills such as those used in operating
fire. Wood (2012) explored levels of awareness of and preparedness for fire
disaster in community members in Queensland and found that the level of fire
safety awareness has direct influence on the level of preparedness. extinguishers
and proper escape behaviors (Sime, 2011).
Employees
As elaborated by Avalos (2011), there is a division of employees. The
organizations categorized them according to their habits of response on the social
networks and by designing programs for them, how they manage their performance
productivity. (1) The employees who give ideas about their status updates are the
creators. (2) Critics are those who criticize the ideas of others to have a perfect implication
of ideas and those who assess. (3) Those collectors who get good information by
scanning the environment. (4) The silent readers who can follow the strategies and ideas
of other workers, the spectators. (5) The kind of people who only just follow the
instructions blindly, the inactive.
Tourism practices, as stated by (Alfes 2013), can influence an individual and the
outcome of the organization through the engagement of the employee and there has only
been limited researches regarding this. The human capital of the organizations is the
employees and their performance within the organization can either lead to a prosperity
or failure as stated by Salleh (2011).
According to Farooq M. & Aslam. M. K. (2011), to develop the capabilities of the
employees, the managers are trying to create a good working environment within the
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organization. Managers are also involve in the development of having an effective training
programs for the employees, for them to be equipped with the desired knowledge, skills
and abilities to be able to achieve the organization’s goals.
As the basis for recruitment and selection, development and training of the staff,
motivating and have the quality of human resource maintained through correct and proper
rewarding of the performance, the gathered information and performance are needed
(Lillian 2011).
Another form of reward used by the organizations according to Finkle (2011) is
giving cash bonus. If the employees have higher performance or if the target exceeds,
they will receive cash bonus. In accomplishing targets, they have to set motivations to
have strength that can boost their performance (Kalimullah, 2010).
Management
Given that technology progress is accelerating, the subject of technology impact
on organizational structure occupies a growing interest (Vaccaro, 2012). The role of top
management appears to be crucial in achieving synergy between the activities and
operations in the organization, because top management is an important source to
achieve organizational goals. Top management is responsible of the understanding the
organizational principles and values of its workers, in addition to generating synergy and
compatibility between them (Manna, 2012; Turban, 2010, P: 236).
Managing a hotel requires an innate ability to multitask and be flexible. You must
be able to instantly switch gears from customer service to staff management to high-level
marketing and event planning. It's your job to make sure that customers are happy and
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safe during their stay at the hotel, which means you're in charge of how clean the rooms
are and how well the facility is maintained.
Synthesis of the Study
In this research, the researchers look at thirty (25) journals all published from 2011
up to now. According to the researcher’s searched journals, emergency preparedness for
disasters and crises in the hotel industry are clearly implemented by the industry. It was
stated that it is essential to have an safety Preparedness Plan; to be safe and secure;
and, also to quickly respond in any difficult situations. Safety preparedness for disasters
and crises are the most significant components when dealing with disasters in the hotel
industry.
Some input of the studies produces different data that could benefit the
researcher’s paper. There are various databases that the researchers have searched for
further information that may be needed for Safety preparedness, respondents and service
quality.
The researchers had thoroughly searched the significances of their database that
they applied in their research paper, by combining the connections and distinctions of
their objectives. Their databases provide the information that they needed in their paper.
How does all the journals even related and significant to Safety Preparedness of
Hotel Sogo in the City of Manila?
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As what (AlBattat & Mat Som) have said, Safety and security are the most
important issues to tourist while traveling and the first aspect they consider is to be
protected from hazards. Emergency planning and preparedness for a crisis are the
most significant components of dealing with disasters. Hospitality practitioners
noticed a rising number of natural and man-made crises that harm the hospitality
industry, regarding its vulnerability to crisis and internal and external hazards. By
using secondary data, this study aims to shed some light on this issue, contributing to
knowledge and awareness on emergency preparedness for the hospitality industry.
Moreover, the study aims to explain the management’s commitment to adopt,
develop, and update emergency plans. The results of this study explain that tourism
as an international mobile industry must respond to internal and external hazards
such as disease movement and terrorist attacks. Marketing safety is important to
promote hotels and tourist destinations to the guests and holiday advisors. Hotels
have a long history of being a soft target for terrorist attacks, as can be seen in
several accidents that have shaken the hotel industry in the past few decades. Hotels
invest a lot to install protective techniques, but terrorists are becoming more
organized. Practitioners propose disaster management frameworks using several
measurements. Recovery from crisis and learning help business retention that
minimizes negative impacts and prevent losses. Finally, evaluation and feedback are
very important to overcome the hazards and return to normal, as well as adopting
new ideas to deal with emergencies. Single- and double-loop organizational learning
should benefit proactive preparedness.
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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the researchers will discuss about the purpose of the research.
How we gathered data and facts involving in this topic including the research method,
population, sample technique and the sample size; description of the respondent;
research instrument; data gathering procedure and the statistical treatment will also be
discussed.
Research Design
This study conducted a quantitative approach. A quantitative research is naturally
structured and the researchers are empowered to have an examination about the precise
concepts and issues that are said to be the focus of the study (Bryman A and Bell E,
2013).
The researchers used the quantitative approach because descriptive method
should be observed and the changes should be recorded but cannot be manipulated. This
method is used because the researchers see that it is the best approach to the research.
Precise analysis and measurement is provided with the statistical results.
The quantitative approach is a structured method that could align our research
paper precisely by well-defined thoughts. It's a descriptive approach that determines and
examines each variable that will be used in the data gathering.
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Sampling Design
The samples are selected on the basis of the knowledge and connection of the
researchers in the hotel industry. It is by the researchers personal and work relations with
the employee and management.
We chose the employees and management of the Sogo Hotel as our respondent
for the study because we know that they are the ones who can give us facts on the safety
preparedness and crisis about the Sogo Hotel. In this study, we are going to us the
formula K=N/n, where N is the population size and n as our sample size.
Non-probability method was used by the researchers in this study. We gathered
surveys with a maximum selection of 50 respondents who accommodated the place.
The researchers used a non-probability method or stratified sampling to determine
the sample size. The samples will be categorized into two, specifically: A. the employees
and, B, the management.
Data Collection Method
The researchers used face-to-face method in gathering the data. A personal
interview is a survey method involving the specific target population and its purpose is to
get the responses of the people and explore it as well as to gather more and deeper
information (Explorable, 2016).
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Personal interview was used in this research to observe the behavior of the
respondents as well as to probe their answers. In face-to-face method, the researchers
will have their own survey questions to understand more about the topic.
The researchers went to Metro Manila where Sogo Hotel is located, to conduct the
survey they had produced. Guaranteeing that the respondents understood the purpose
of the questionnaires, the researchers made its way on distributing it to the respondents
and obtaining the needed information. The purpose of the study was given on the
questionnaire.
The purpose of this plan is to implement effective safety plans and preparations
from any disaster events to maintain the service quality of the Sogo Hotel. Implementing
safety plans that will guarantee the safety and security of the particular place.
Development of Research Instrument
The researchers will use a method of quantitative data to make it amenable to
statistical analysis. The researchers will also use demographic profile on the first part of
the survey questionnaire which contains the respondent profile such as name, address,
gender, age, educational attainment. The second part of the survey questionnaire
consists of statements under the effective safety preparedness and the practices of the
Sogo Hotel, Metro Manila regarding the crisis.
The procedures conducted were to determine the purpose of the survey
questionnaire for our data; the appropriate respondents to be questioned; the
demographic profile of the respondents; the appropriate data collection method, which is
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the face-to-face method; the precise measurement of scale and scoring; arrange in a
logical order; checking the reliability of the questionnaire and; by conducting evaluation.
Test-developers want to maximize the validity of a unit test for the Sogo Hotel's
management and employees. The researchers validate the questionnaires through
collecting and analyzing data to estimate the accuracy of the instrument used for the
survey; the measures accurately assess what we want to know. This is particularly
essential for achieving the researchers’ tests.
The questionnaires are consists of two parts. The first part is about the profile of
the respondents including their gender, educational attainment, age, and marital status.
While on the second part, it includes the questions on how the respondents view the
disaster responses and the effective or failure safety management of the Sogo Hotel
Branches in the City of Manila.
Statistical Treatment of Data Matrix
Specific Research Questionnaire Statistical Treatment

Objectives Questions of Data
1. Gender 1. Male ; Female
2. Educational attainment 2. High School
Undergraduate; High
School
graduate;College
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Assessment of the Undergraduate;
demographic profile of College Graduate
the respondents
3. Age 3. 18-below; 19-24; 25-
30; 31-36; 37-42
4. Marital Status 4. Single; Married
5. The Hotel provides great

5. Strongly agree (3.50-
communication to/and 4.49); Agree (2.50-
customers on how and 3.49); Disagree (1.50-
where to evacuate if 2.49) Strongly disagree
Level of efficiency in needed. (1.1-1.49)
effective safety
6. Customers with
preparedness of
disabilities receive, verify, 4.49); Agree (2.50-
Sogo Hotel
and share public alerts. 3.49); Disagree (1.50-
Branches in the City
2.49) Strongly disagree
of Manila.
(1.1-1.49)
7. The hotel staff have 7.

a Strongly agree (3.50-
training for safety 4.49); Agree (2.50-
preparedness also known 3.49); Disagree (1.50-
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as CPR or first aid 2.49) Strongly disagree
training. (1.1-1.49)
8. Staff let the customers

know the potential 4.49); Agree (2.50-
hazards around the 3.49); Disagree (1.50-
building. 2.49) Strongly disagree
(1.1-1.49)
9. The survival tools and

medication are 4.49); Agree (2.50-
accessible for everyone. 3.49); Disagree (1.50-
(1.1-1.49)
Specific Research Questionnaire Statistical Treatment

Objectives Questions of Data
10. The management
provides lists of disaster 4.49); Agree (2.50-
telephone contact. 3.49); Disagree (1.50-
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Level of efficiency in (1.1-1.49)
effective safety
11. Understanding the
preparedness of
services that will and will 4.49); Agree (2.50-
Sogo Hotel
not be provided 3.49); Disagree (1.50-
Branches in the City
immediately. 2.49) Strongly disagree
of Manila.
(1.1-1.49)
12. Following the official

weather forecasts 4.49); Agree (2.50-
regularly for inevitable 3.49); Disagree (1.50-
disasters. 2.49) Strongly disagree
(1.1-1.49)
13. Drills and exercises were

being conducted to 4.49); Agree (2.50-
practice safety 3.49); Disagree (1.50-
preparedness. 2.49) Strongly disagree
(1.1-1.49)
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14. Management provides

staff who have a high 4.49); Agree (2.50-
level of experience and 3.49); Disagree (1.50-
professionalism about the 2.49) Strongly disagree
medications. (1.1-1.49)
15. Clients with

disabilities 4.49); Agree (2.50-
receive, verify, and 3.49); Disagree (1.50-
share public alerts. 2.49) Strongly disagree
(1.1-1.49)
16. Employees 1. Strongly agree (3.50-
attended an safety 4.49); Agree (2.50-
preparedness 3.49); Disagree (1.50-
presentation. 2.49) Strongly disagree
(1.1-1.49)
4.49); Agree (2.50-
3.49); Disagree (1.50-
29 | P a g e
17. Staff are well- 2.49) Strongly disagree
trained about their (1.1-1.49)
roles in crisis.
18. Health care services are always

1. Strongly agree (3.50-4.49); Agree
available in the building when (2.50-3.49); Disagree (1.50-2.49)
disaster occurs. Strongly disagree (1.1-1.49)
19. Having a strong

connection with 4.49); Agree (2.50-
the organizations 3.49); Disagree (1.50-
related to health 2.49) Strongly disagree
responses. (1.1-1.49)
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CHAPTER 4
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
In this chapter, the results and discussion of data from quantitative methods are
present. The researchers conducted a face-to-face survey. This method was employed
in order to get a quantitative overview of the Safety Management Practices of Sogo Hotel
Branches in the City of Manila: Basis of Safety Improvement Plan. The respondents of
the survey are the employees and management of the Sogo Hotel.
The researchers conducted two kinds of survey – for the employees and
management. Both respondents of the employees and management of the Hotel Sogo is
totaled to 100 respondents.
Specific Research Objective #1: What is the level of agreement in effective safety
preparedness of Sogo Hotel Branches in the City of Manila, Communication, Planning,
Coordination, Response and Command Problem?
a. Learning, Training and Performance assessment problems
b. Poverty, Rumor and Community preparedness problems
c. Disaster mental health
31 | P a g e
TABLE 1. Level of Agreement in Effective Safety Preparedness of

Sogo Hotel Branches in the City of Manila
Employees
Weighted
Particulars Mean and Verbal Interpretation
Percentage
1. The Hotel provides great
3.86
communication to/and customers on how Strongly Agree
;96.5%
and where to evacuate if needed.
2. Customers with disabilities receive 3.44
Agree
verify, and share public alerts. ;86.0%
3. Hotel staff have an effective training for
3.44
safety preparedness also known as CPR Agree
;86.0%
or first aid training.
4. Staff let the customers knows the 3.53
Strongly Agree
potential hazards around the building. ;88.25%
10. The survival tools and medication are 3.84
Strongly Agree
accessible for everyone. ;96.0%
3.62
Total Strongly Agree
;90.5%
Based on the previous table presenting the weighted mean, it can be concluded
that on the average, the respondents strongly agree to the first, third, sixth strongly agree
on the statement also from eight until the last statement. Respondents also agree on the
second, third, fourth and seventh statement.
32 | P a g e
TABLE 2. Level of Agreement in Effective Safety Preparedness of
Sogo Hotel Branches in the City of Manila

Management
Weighted
Particulars Mean and Verbal Interpretation
Percentage
1. The management provides lists of 3.84
Strongly Agree
disaster telephone contact. ;96.0%
2. Clients with disabilities receive, verify, 3.66
Strongly Agree
and share public alerts. ;91.5%
3. Understanding the services that will and 3.66
Strongly Agree
will not be provided immediately. ;91.5%
4. Employees attended an safety 3.66
Strongly Agree
preparedness presentation. ;91.5%
5. Staff are well-trained about their roles in 3.66
Strongly Agree
crisis. ;91.5%
6. Following the official weather forecasts 3.70
Strongly Agree
regularly for inevitable disasters. ;92.5%
7. Drills and exercises were being
3.66
conducted to practice safety Strongly Agree
;91.5%
preparedness.
8. Management provides staff who have a
3.62
high level of experience and Strongly Agree
;90.5%
professionalism about the medications.
9. Health Care Services are always 3.66
Strongly Agree
available in the building. ;91.5%
10. Strong connection with the 3.72
Strongly Agree
organizations related to health responses. ;93.0%
3.68
Total Strongly Agree
;92.1%
Based on the table above, the weighted mean shows that all of the respondents
answered strongly agree to the first question up until the last statement that has been
provided by the researchers.
33 | P a g e
TABLE 3. Significance in the Level of Agreement in Effective Safety Preparedness
between the Employees and Management
Computed
Level of
Pearson Descriptive
t-value
Agreement in Decision
r Value Rating
p<0.05
Effective
CV = 60.23
Safety
Negligible
-0.1919 0.424 Reject H1
Preparedness
Correlation
Based on the table above, the level of agreement in effective Safety preparedness
between the employees and management is negligible correlation and the researchers’
hypothesis is rejected.
34 | P a g e
TABLE 4. Significance in the Level of Agreement in Effective Safety

Preparedness of Sogo Hotel Branches in the City of Manila.
Level of Agreement in Effective Safety Preparedness of Sogo Hotel Branches in the

City of Manila in terms of:
Weighted Mean and Verbal Decision

Percentage Interpretation
Employees 3.62 ; 90.5% Strongly Agree
Accept H2
Management 3.62 ; 90.5% Strongly Agree
Based on the table above, the level of agreement in effective safety preparedness
between the employees and management is strong and positive. This shows that The
Safety Preparedness of Hotel Sogo suites to a three star hotel quality standards.
35 | P a g e
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusion
This research attempted to understand the Emergency Management Practices of
Sogo Hotel: Basis of Safety Improvement Plan. In order for the researchers to achieve
this objective, the researchers used the quantitative data and a face-to-face survey. They
surveyed on 100 respondents, 50 from the management and 50 from the employee. The
respondents of the survey had to be 18-42 above years of age workers of the Sogo Hotel.
Majority of the answers of both employees and management have strongly agree on the
questions of the survey.
Levels
The researchers compared the final result of the survey between employee and
management. Somehow, majority of the answers of the management are strongly agreed.
This only indicates that the management always observed on what could possibly be
done when a disaster occurs in the area. Moreover, it also identifies that both employee
and the management, assess the safety of their clients first.
After comparing the result of the fifty (50) respondents, the researchers
extrapolated that the practices of Safety preparedness provided by the management for
the employees who work in Hotel Sogo were sufficient. Under this level of Safety
preparedness are the communication, training, community preparedness and much
36 | P a g e
more. Apparently, there were practices that are not exploited properly in the hotel.
Somehow, almost all of the employees were aware of the guidelines provided by the
management when disasters transpire.
Statistics
The final result in our statistics proved that the level of agreement between the
employees and the management were incompatible. Simply because the hypothesis that
we had given were not significant with the calculation that the statistician computed.
Recommendation
As of the survey, the majority of answers from both the employees and the
management have strongly agreed on the questions of the survey, the recommendation
is to inform all the employees not only the majority of them but all of them about the Safety
Practices of Hotel Sogo in case of unpredictable disasters and calamities.
To have a General meeting with all the employees and management of Sogo Hotel
regarding the improvement of Safety Practices about disasters and calamities approach.
Sustaining the information of Safety Practices with both the employees and
management, for the assurance of each and everyone who are employed of the said hotel
which is the Sogo Hotel.
37 | P a g e
References:
Thukiman K. (2011) Employees’ Training and Performance Relationship in Hospitality
Sector
Ahmad Rasmi AlBattat (September 2013) Emergency Preparedness for Disasters and
Crises in the Hotel Industry
J Emerg Manag. (2015) Emergency preparedness of families of children with
developmental disabilities: What public health and safety emergency planners need to k
Ahmad Puad Mat Som (November 2014) Disaster Preparedness of Hotel Industry
Abroad: A Comparative Analysis
Catherine R. & Glen White October 2014 Emergency Preparedness of the Hotel
Industry: The Case of Jordan
lbert, J. (2012). Single Pinoys and Pinays: Are you ready to Mingle? Retrieved on
February 24, 2014 Baking, J. (2010). History of Philippine Motels. Retrieved April 1,
2014
Bizymoms (n.d.) History of Motels. Retrieved March 30, 2014
Cluskey, J. (n.d.).History of the Motel Retrieved on March 30, 2014 from
Desiderio, L. (2013).Domestic tourism on the rise – NSO. Retrieved April 3, 2014
(2014) Hotel SogoRetrieved
Bowker, L. (1996). Lead hazards and abatement technologies in construction. Journal
of Risk Management, 43, 35-38
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Risk Hazard Assessment Symposium. San Francisco.
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Emergency Preparedness Institute, Inc. (2007). Preparedness needs a new message:
Developing and promoting an effective message to encourage businesses, government
agencies, their employees and families to prepare for fire disasters and emergencies:
Connecting the dots. Mt. Prospect, IL: Author. R
Marjanoric, P. and Nimpuno, K. 2002. Disaster Management: Living with risk – towards
effective disaster management training in Africa. Retrieved on 16th February 2012
Cropp, D. (199l). Fatal Fires in New Zealand. Fire Service Commission:Wellington.
Dailey, W. (2000). Guide to Fire Safety Management. Leicester: Perpetuity Press
Deakin, G. (1999). Fire Safety Standards – help or hindrance. Fire Safety journal , 32
:103-118
Disaster Research Center. (1994). Impacts of the 1994 Northridge Fire Disaster.
Santa Monica Business Study: Dynes, R and Russel, N .(2002). A prospective on
Disaster Planning. Disaster Research Centre: Delaware
Donahue, A. and Tuohy, D.W .(2006). Lessons we don’t learn: A study of the lessons of
disasters, why we repeat them, and how we can learn them. Homeland Security Affairs,
II(2), 1–28.
Donnell, M and Robert, P. (1980). Fire In the City: Spatial Perspectives on Urban
Structural Fire Problems. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Syracuse University,
McEntire, B. H. (2006). Disaster Response and Recovery. USA: John Willy and Sons
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Research Report , New Zealand Fire Service Commission , Wellington.
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Sime, J. (1990). The concept of panic Fires and Human Behaviour. London.: David
Fulton Publishers
Stollard, P. and Abrahams, J. (1991). Fire from the First Principles: A Design Guide to
Building Fire Safety. London: E & FN Spon
Thompson, M. (2001). Campus fire safety today: facilities manager. Association of
Higher Education Facilities Officers, Vol. 17 No. 6, p. 6.
Watts, J. M. (1997). Analysis of the NFPA fire safety evaluation system for business
Occupancies. Fire Technology.
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Criteria and Selection Data. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
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Victoria, L.W. (2003). Community Based Approaches to Disaster Mitigation. Philipines.
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effective disaster management training in Africa. Retrieved on 16th February 2012
March 16, 2018
40 | P a g e
APPENDICES
41 | P a g e
APPENDIX A
Survey Questionnaire
Good day, everyone! We are students from the Far Eastern University-Manila. We are
conducting a survey regarding the safety preparedness of Hotel Sogo. Rest assured
that your answers will be kept confidentially.
Please spare a few minutes of your valuable time to answer this questionnaire.
Gender:
o Female
o Male
College Attainment:
o College Undergraduate
o College Graduate
o High School Undergraduate
o High School Graduate
Age:
o 18 - below
o 19-24 years old
o 25-30 years old
o 31-36 years old
o 37-42 years old
Marital Status:
o Single
o Married
Monthly Family Income:

o 10,000-20,000
o 21,000-30,000
o 31,000-50,000
42 | P a g e
Level of Satisfaction:
4 Strongly Agree (SA)

3 Agree (A)
2 Strongly Disagree (SD)
1 Disagree (D)
Preparedness of Hotel Sogo, Metro Manila

4 3 2 1
1) The Hotel should provide great
communication to/and customers on how
and where to evacuate if needed.
2) The hotel staff have an effective training for
emergency preparedness also known as
CPR or first aid training.
3) Employees are well-educated about the
emergency responses.
4) Staff let the customers know the potential
hazards around the building.
5) The survival tools and medication are
accessible for everyone.
Emergency preparedness management of Hotel Sogo, Metro Manila
YES NO
1) Having drills for earthquake preparedness
and contact for advice or treatment due to
disaster if necessary.Contact for further
advice or treatment due to disaster if
necessary.
2) The emergency response plan has detailed
written document that explains what
emergencies an organization is likely to
face.
3) The hotel has audible alarms loud enough to
be heard anywhere and are hard to ignore.
4) Hotel’s emergency exit door ways and
routes are checked daily.
5) Available vehicles and vessel use in
transportation.
43 | P a g e
APPENDIX B
Officer- in-Charge
#629 Epifanio de los Santos Ave, Cubao
Quezon City, Metro Manila
To whom it may concern,
Warmest Greetings!
We, Far Eastern University-Manila Students, are writing a permission to conduct
a survey in your establishment. We are currently studying Tourism Research Methods
and Techniques (TRMT) Section 8. Our performance task in this subject is to conduct a
survey about the safety of your hotel. The report includes the emergency plan of the
establishment.
Participation in the survey is entirely voluntary and there are no known or anticipated
risks to participate in this study, the “Safety Preparedness of Hotel Sogo in Metro
Manila”. All information provided will be kept in utmost confidentiality and would be
used only for Academic purposes.
Your approval to conduct this survey will be greatly appreciated. Thank you.
44 | P a g e
Respectfully yours,
Asi Sharyn M.
Bune, Ma. Jona
Macaballug, Mikaela
Maeda, Hitomi
Padilla, Porchia
Villanueva, Kathleen
Tantoco, Marivic
Adviser: Ms. Theresa B. Resurreccion
______________________________
(Hotel Sogo Cubao Main Office Manager)
45 | P a g e

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FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE OF TOURISM AND HOTEL MANAGEMENT

`“Safety Preparedness of Hotel Sogo Branches in the City of Manila “

Of the Requirements for the Program

Bachelor of Science in Tourism and Hotel Management

Bune, Ma. Jona

Tantoco, Marivic Rafael

components of dealing with disasters. Hospitality practitioners noticed a rising number of

management’s commitment to adopt, develop, and update emergency plans.

holiday advisors. Practitioners propose disaster management frameworks using several

emergencies. Single- and double-loop organizational learning should benefit Safety

CHAPTER 1: THE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY……………………………………….…....…5

CHAPTER 4: DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS……………………………….……....…31

Specific Research Objectives #1.. ……………………………………………………….…..……... 31

Background of the Study

Philippines in terms of its accommodation.

Recently, the tourism industry in the Philippines is facing increasing rates of

Statement of the Problem

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the level of agreement in effective Safety preparedness of Sogo Hotel?

1.1 Communication, Planning, Coordination, Response and Command Problem

1.2 Learning, Training and Performance assessment problems

1.3 Poverty, Rumor and Community preparedness problems

1.4 Disaster mental health

3. Is there any significant difference in the level of agreement in effective safety

preparedness between the employees and management?

distinguishing its variables.

Planning, Learning, Training Poverty and Disaster

Safety Preparedness and Evaluation,

Safety Preparedness Plan

Figure 1: Emergency Improvement Plan

factors in evaluating the emergency practices, namely; communication, training,

preparedness problems and disaster mental health. To be able to have an emergency

improvement plan, it also involves the safety preparedness and planning,

implementation and evaluation, resolution and learning. We would be having the

emergency management of the chosen hotel which is the Hotel Sogo.

employees and management.

H1: There is no significant difference on level of agreement in the practices of

effective emergency management between the employees and management. Showing

getting a result that large or larger

Significance of the Study

This study will be beneficial to the following:

tourism destination; Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is a government

the lives of people and to protect their properties.

The Sogo Hotel are responsible for accommodating customers as well as to

provide them safety and security.

this study for their research.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study is limited to an investigation as a tool to further improvements for the

It is largely limited by their funding.

knowing the safety plan of a budget hotel

The following words below were specifically used in the study:

All-Hazard – a grouping classification encompassing all conditions, environmental or man

equipment, infrastructure services, or property; or alternatively causing functional

degradation to social, economic, or environmental aspects.

either recovery or death.

also include an agent acting on the Customer’s behalf.

Emergency – unexpected and often dangerous to a person requiring an immediate action

Hotel Industry – all forms of business relating to the provision of accommodation in

use the services or the production of certain of the hotel.

within the tourism industry.

Improvement plan – is a great way to give struggling employees the opportunity to

succeed while still holding them accountable for past performance.