One BSC=6 BCSU (Base control signaling unit).

One BCSU = support 110 TRX.

1 TRX= 8 time slots.
Total no. of TRX = 110 *6=660 TRX in single BSC
One BSC = One LAC
One BSC= 660* 8 = time slots but if dual rate is implemented that it consider as two slots.
One BSC= two Lac also but for city one LAC b/c it effects SD blocking and LAC updation on that
channel.

One BSC= 1 to 248 BCF.

One BSC= 1 to 248 BTS
One BTS means = one sector of any configuration
One BCF means= one site of three or four sector
BCF= Base control function.
BTS= Base transceiver system.
NSEI= is hardware and software device which supports the GPRS in n/w

One NSEI= supports 64 BTS and 128 TRX if any one of them is full then we can assign second NSEI
port in same BSC
1TRX=117 subscriber
1 subscriber=25 m erlangs (TCH)
1 subscriber=.004 m erlangs(SD)
1 TRX=2.94 erlang(2% GOS )
2 TRX=8.2 erlang(2% GOS )
3 TRX=14.6 erlang(2% GOS )
4 TRX=21.2 erlang(2% GOS )
If BSC 3VI, OSS is 4 and System is S11 then max capacity of BSC is 660 TRXs.
If OSS 4.2 and system S12 is using then max capacity of BSC will be 2000TRXs

KPI’s to be monitored.
 SD Blocking
 SD Drop
 TCH Blocking
 TCH Assignment
 TCH Drop
 HOSR
Parameter Showcase Threshold Non-Showcase Threshold
SD Blocking 0.25 0.5
SD Drop 1.2 1.7
TCH Blocking 0.5 0.5
TCH Assignment 98.5 98
TCH Drop 1.5 3
HOSR 95 92
Call Establishment
Get Get Establish SD Est. TCH
Service SDCCH Channel Call Phone Ref. Phone
Conn.

SD TCH
Blking Blking
SDCCH
Seizer

CSSR or Call completion Rate

TCH (TCH Drop call)
Assignm
ent

What is Call Dropped?

All cell resources are available but calls are failing, then we have a call drop scenario. This could be
caused by software errors, congestion, C7 link failures, HW problems or many other reasons.
If a call is abnormally disconnected, a Clear Request is sent to the MSC .If the Call is disconnected in
a normal Fashion then Clear Message with cause code Call Control is sent. It is important to establish
what types of calls are failing, and over what percentage of the network it is occurring.

SDCCH Channel:
 SDCCH is a dedicated channel which is using for LAC updation, Call setup, SMS in idle mode. It
works in UL & DL.

SD Blocking:
 SD blocking means that you are not getting SD resource for the call origination. When MS
connects with NW then RACH and AGCH are provided. After AGCH, SDCCH is provided but if
SDCCH is not provided at this time due some problems or due to unavailable of SD by BSC ,it’s
called as SD Blocking. There are no of reasons for that. If such a case arises the customer will not
be able to originate any call.

Difference between Congestion and Blocking:

 It is very important to know difference between blocking and congestion. Some people think
that both are same, but they differ from each other. If all the SD resources are full and not
available for SD assign then it’s come into congestion. If at a particular time call is attempted and
it fails then it known as Blocking.

Solution for removal of SD blocking:

 Here are some steps by which we can reduce SD Blocking-
1. Check the No. of SDCCH channel Available, if less then increase SD channel taking care that
there is no TCH Blocking.
2. Check LAC boundary, if location update is more than change the LAC of that site and set C2 and
HYS.
3. Use of Dynamic SDCCH (It is a BSC parameter and will be applied on whole BTS).
4. Hardware check / shift SD to new time slot
5. Sometimes BMA and HYS parameters are useful to remove SD Blocking.