A PROPOSED INTERIOR DESIGN FOR PABAHAY 2000 UTILIZING THE HANNOVER

PRINCIPLES: DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY

Batingan, Rolando Jr. C.

Author

A Research Study

Submitted to the Department of Interior Design

Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Sta. Mesa, Manila

College of Architecture and Fine Arts

BS Interior Design
Rolando C. Batingan Jr.
BS Interior Design

Nickname : Jhear
Birth Date : November 10, 1998
Citizenship : Filipino
Civil Status : Single
Height : 5 ft. 8 inch
Weight : 110lbs
Address : 1327 Bocaue Rd. BL Farm, T. Mangga, City of SJDM, Bulacan
Contact Nos. : +639082039029/ +639067181431
E-mail Address : rcbatingan@gmail.com

OBJECTIVES

 To gain skills and working experience as an Interior Designer in a company where I

can use my talents and skills to grow and expand the company and to excel in this field with
hard work, perseverance and dedication.
 To be able to share with the company the best of my abilities as I discover and explore on
the theories taught in school.

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
COLLEGE LEVEL : Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Sta. Mesa, Manila 2015-present
BS Interior Design
SECONDARY LEVEL : First City Providential College
San Jose del Monte, Bulacan 2011- 2015
PRIMARY LEVEL : Tungkong Manga Elementary School
San Jose del Monte, Bulacan 2005- 2011

Seminars/ Workshops/ Training

Company Position Date
ReviSEAT: Filipino Furniture Exhbit Exhibitor October 2017
(AllHome, WilTower Quezon City)
Sinag: A Symposium on Sustainable Filipino Participant February 2017
Design
(CW Home Depot- Makati Events Hall)
 Home Stretch: A Symposium on Participant February 2016
Residential Interior Design
(SM City North EDSA)
“Matimco Wood Science: Lecture Series” Participant December 2015
(PUP CEA AVR)

SKILLS
Hands-on training with manual Interior Drafting and Rendering
Computer Literate – MS Office/MS Powerpoint
AutoCAD
Sketch Up
3D Rendering in AutoCAD
Possesses speed in typing and computer savvy

CHARACTERISTIC/ATTRIBUTES
Easy to follow the company rules, regulations and guidelines and to respect the brand
service and the brand values of the company.
Hard-working, honest with very good leadership skills.
Possesses values of professionalism and has well work ethics.
Can follow new procedures easily and is very much willing to be trained

CHARACTERER REFERENCE

Idr. Arlene Magpayo

Professor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Idr. Billie Jean Dumlao Dela Cruz

Professor
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Email: billie_jddc@yahoo.com
 ABSTRACT

The study will show its relationship in making a healthy and conducive environment by

Hannover Principles to the low-cost housing by incorporating environmentally responsible

design, a sustainable guide in choosing materials that gives a positive impact to the

environment. To achieve the goals of the research, sustainable and Eco-friendly materials and

equipment that reduces the emissions in our built environment will be highlighted in the study.

This environmental approach helps to evolve and adapt to the different concerns of people

who were living in low-cost housing to find a way to endure and to build a society without

compromising the future’s ability to meet its own challenges.

According to the article “The Hannover Principles: Design for Sustainability” the

concept of sustainability has been introduced to combine concern for the well-being of the

planet with the continued growth and human development. This sustainable approach is

applied to Pabahay 2000 community that needs to adapt to the real world towards

sustainability. The application of Hannover Principles from this study provided Pabahay 2000

a sustainable and eco-friendly environment.

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to our God Almighty,

for always guiding me through hardships and success, through sickness and in health, and

through loneliness and joyous moments. I offer you my greatest praise and appreciations. To

my family especially to Mama and Papa who always give their full support on me from the start.

I do really appreciated your simple ways to show your support on me. Thank you so much for

your unconditional love and care.

I would like to offer my sincere thanks to my thesis adviser, IDr. Arlene Magpayo whose

guidance, encouragement, and support that enabled me to develop an understanding of the

subject. To our professor Idr. Jerome David and Ar. Rene Dimalanta for the advice and

knowledge that you had been shared to me.

I am also grateful to Kayle and Lhance who helped me whole heartedly without any

objection throughout my thesis thank you for the positive words and notes that kept me going

when I almost lose hopes to push through. Also, to Kirstyn, Neil, and Qyla for giving your time

to help me with my sheets. To my friend Matthew and Keziah, thank you for helping me with

my boards. To my supportive friends, thank you so much for your understanding and

encouragement.

Thank you for made me realize that “A dream doesn't become reality through magic; it

takes sweat, determination and hard work.” This research couldn’t have been possible if even

just one of the people mentioned here did not take part. This success is dedicated to all of you.

For without your support, encouragement and love, then I could not have surpassed the

hindrances and trials that I met towards the accomplishment of this study. And so once again,

the researcher extends his heartfelt thanks for everyone.

 Table of Contents

CHAPTER I: Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

a. Project Profile --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

b. Statement of the Problem ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3

c. Objectives of the Study --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4

d. Significance of the Study ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4

e. Scope and Limitations ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

f. Definition of Terms --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6

CHAPTER II: Review of Related Literature ----------------------------------------------------------- 8

a. Design for Sustainability --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9

b. The Hannover Principles -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9

c. Design and the Forces of Nature ---------------------------------------------------------------- 11

d. Literature in Environmentally Responsible Interior Design ------------------------------- 14

e. Life-Cycle Analysis --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15

f. Environmentally Responsible Interior Design Precepts ----------------------------------- 16

g. Optimal Indoor Air Quality ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18

h. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy ---------------------------------------------------- 19

i. Environmentally Responsible Lighting Design ----------------------------------------------- 19

j. Acoustical Comfort ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20

k. Quality of Light: Visual Impact ------------------------------------------------------------------- 21

l. Specification of Products for Environmentally Responsible Interior Design ---------- 22

m. Local Materials --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24

n. Construction Materials ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25

o. Fire-Resistive Requirements in Construction ------------------------------------------------ 29

 p. Literature in Sustainable Design ---------------------------------------------------------------- 30

q. Literature in Affordable Housing ----------------------------------------------------------------- 34

r. Designing and Constructing Affordable Housing Solutions ------------------------------ 35

s. Sustainable housing, measures and costs --------------------------------------------------- 37

t. Reconnecting People with Nature through Design ----------------------------------------- 37

CHAPTER III: Conceptual Framework ---------------------------------------------------------------- 40

CHAPTER IV: Methodology ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42

a. Research Design ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42

b. Procedures of Data Gathering ------------------------------------------------------------------- 43

c. Instruments ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43

d. Sampling Design ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 45

CHAPTER V: Presentation of Data Gathered --------------------------------------------------------- 46

a. Presentation of Facts and Data ------------------------------------------------------------------ 46

CHAPTER VI: Analysis -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65

a. Results of Data Gathering ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69

CHAPTER VII: Synthesis ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 89

CHAPTER VIII: Summary, Conclusion & Recommendation----------------------------------------113

Appendices -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bibliography -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
List of Figures

Figure 1- Project Profile --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

Figure 2 -Theoretical Framework --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8

Figure 3 - Conceptual Framework ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40

Figure 4 –NHA Master Key Plan --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47

Figure 5- Existing Furniture Layout of NHA Office Finance Section ------------------------------------- 48

Figure 6- Existing Furniture Layout of NHA Office Finance Section ------------------------------------- 48

Figure 7 - Existing Master Key Plan of Day Care Center -------------------------------------------- 52

Figure 8 - Existing Furniture Layout of the Day Care Center --------------------------------------- 53

Figure 9 - Existing Master Key Plan of Health Center------------------------------------------------------ 56

Figure 10 -Main Entrance -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56

Figure 11 - Consultation Room ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56

Figure 12 –Existing Ground floor Master Key Plan of Chapel -------------------------------------- 59

Figure 13- Ground Floor of Chapel ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 60

Figure 14 - Existing Second Floor Master Key Plan of Chapel ------------------------------------- 60

Figure 15 - Second Floor of Chapel ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 61

Figure 16 –Residential Unit Master Key Plan ----------------------------------------------------------- 63

Figure 17- Existing Condition of Residential Unit ------------------------------------------------------ 64

Figure 18 -Community Relation Area --------------------------------------------------------------------- 67

Figure 19 – Admin and Finance Section ----------------------------------------------------------------- 67

Figure 20 –Administration Section ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68

Figure 21- Entrance of NHA Office ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 68

Figure 22 -Supervisor’s Office ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 69

Figure 23 - Supervisor’s Office ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69

Figure 24 –Supply Room ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 70

Figure 25- Supply Room ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70

Figure 26 -File Storage --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70

Figure 27 – File Storage ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71

Figure 28 –Furniture Layout of the Daycare Center -------------------------------------------------- 73

Figure 29- Furniture Layout of the Daycare Center --------------------------------------------------- 74

Figure 30 -Lecture Area -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74

Figure 31- Pantry ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75

Figure 32 -Wash Area ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75

Figure 33 – Waiting Area of Health Center-------------------------------------------------------------- 78

Figure 34 – Waiting Area of Health Center-------------------------------------------------------------- 78

Figure 35- Consultation Room------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 79

Figure 36 - Pantry ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 80

Figure 37 – Patient’s Room --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 80

Figure 38 –Chapel Entrance -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82

Figure 39- Chapel Entrance --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82

Figure 40 - Chapel’s Altar ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 83

Figure 41 – Nave ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83

Figure 42 –Second of Floor Chapel ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 84

Figure 43- Existing Condition of Residential Unit ------------------------------------------------------ 87

Figure 44 -Theoretical Framework -------------------------------------------------------------------------87

Figure 45 Closet ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 88

Figure 46 –Master Bedroom -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 88

Figure 47- Storage Room ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 89

Figure 48 -Concept Board ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 93

Figure 49 – NHA Proposed Floor Plan ------------------------------------------------------------------- 95

Figure 50 –NHA Perspective -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 95

Figure 51- Health Center Proposed Floor Plan and Furniture Layout ---------------------------- 99

Figure 52 – Health Center Perspective ------------------------------------------------------------------- 99

Figure 53 - Day Care Center Proposed Floor Plan and Furniture Layout --------------------- 102

Figure 54 – Day Care Center Perspective-------------------------------------------------------------- 103

Figure 55- Chapel Proposed Floor Plan and Furniture Layout ----------------------------------- 105

Figure 56 -Chapel Perspective --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 106

Figure 55- Residential Unit Proposed Floor Plan and Furniture Layout ----------------------- 109

Figure 56 -Residential Unit Perspective --------------------------------------------------------------- 109

List of Tables

Table 1 – Detailed Quantity Breakdown of NHA Office -------------------------------------------------------- 49

Table 2 – Detailed Quantity Breakdown of Day Care Center -------------------------------------------- 53

Table 3– Detailed Quantity Breakdown of Health Center ------------------------------------------------- 57

Table 4– Detailed Quantity Breakdown of Chapel ---------------------------------------------------------- 61

Table 5 – Detailed Quantity Breakdown of Residential Unit -----------------------------------------------65

List of Graphs

Graph 1– Survey results in the NHA Office ------------------------------------------------------------- 72

Graph 2– Survey results in the Day Care Center ------------------------------------------------------ 77

Graph 3 – Survey results in the Health Center --------------------------------------------------------- 82

Graph 4 – Survey results in the Chapel ------------------------------------------------------------------ 86

Graph 5– Survey results in the Residential Unit ------------------------------------------------------- 90

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

The concept of integrative and sustainable design recognizes that

human civilization is an integral part of the natural world and that nature must be

preserved and perpetuated if the human community itself to survive. Sustainable design

articulates this idea through approaches that exemplify the principles of conservation and

encourage the application of those principles in our daily lives.

The idea of sustainability has been introduced to combine concern for the well-

being of the planet with continued growth and human development. Though there is much

debate as to what the word suggests, it can put forth the definition offered by the World

Commission on Environment and Development: "Meeting the needs of the present

without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." In its

original context, this definition was stated solely from the human point of view. To embrace

the idea of a global ecology with intrinsic value, the meaning must be expanded to allow

all parts of nature to meet their own needs now and in the future.

Specifically, this study seeks to analyze the application of principles to Affordable

Housing or known in layman’s term as Low - Cost Housing Projects in Brgy. Muzon that

in line with cheap materials in construction, has minimal spaces and not organize and

must need to be sustainable not only for user’s tranquility but also for the long-term use of

individuals living on it.

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Project Profile:

Figure 1.0

In compliance with Presidential Instruction on 1996, the Housing and Urban

Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC), entered into a Memorandum of Agreement

of 12th of February 1997 for the turnover of developed house and lot packages at Pabahay

2000 Housing Project in Brgy. Muzon, San Jose del Monte, Bulacan to the NHA for

disposition to identified beneficiaries.

The Pabahay 2000 Project was developed in the forty-eight hectares (48 hec.) of

Filinvest land Inc. (FLI) into a social housing project for delivery to the Republic. These

housing units have been constructed, delivered to, and accepted by the Republic of the

Philippines through PEA. Out of 7, 0475 house and lot packages, 5, 127 units are

earmarked for informal sector or families affected by infrastructure projects of the

government. The families were selected through the conduct of public raffle. Pabahay

2000 has different amenities including Health Center, Day Care Center, Barangay Hall,

Barangay Boutique, Wet and Dry Public Market, Livelihood Training Center, Multi-Purpose

Hall and Bantay Bayan Centers and a Chapel.

 Page |3

This study is intended to provide Pabahay 2000 a general solution through

Hannover Principles, and to promote a highly improved quality of space experience, and

safety for the users. It will help the homeowners provide a harmonious place by making it

a pleasantly calming and soothing, less-waste, greener environment for the beneficiary of

the design.

Statement of the Problem

This proposed study will help Pabahay 2000 residences further understand and

identify the existing problems of the space, and the factors that affect the whole

community. This study came up with the following questions:

 How would the Hannover Principles be utilized by means of interior design for Pabahay

2000?

 How would the Hannover Principles encourage the people in Pabahay 2000 to be

responsible in preserving and conserving the natural elements of nature?

 What types of design should be developed that would provide an influence in

promoting a sustainable institution and an eco-friendlier environment for Pabahay

2000?

 What is the applicable type of materials that can be used in the design to promote

affordable and environmentally responsible designing?

 Page |4

Objectives of the Study

To better understand the proposed study, the following objectives of the study will

provide a solution to the components and factors that will help the space to promote the

desired sustainable solution and effectively productive environment.

1. To provide a design that will give a large influence to the whole community of the

Pabahay 2000, promoting sustainable design, and less-waste environment that will

improve its facilities; taking into consideration the potential hazards of careless, poorly

planned design that could cause unnecessary harm and problem for the present, and

future users of the space.

2. To provide a decent and atmospheric effect of the space for the residents of Pabahay

2000, by selecting reasonably priced, and well-suited materials of furniture, fixtures,

floors, walls and ceiling, and finishes that can provide aid to increasing the productivity

of individuals and its space, while avoiding the use of any material that produces

harmful chemicals and gases that are hazardous to the environment.

3. To instruct and train every individual of Pabahay 2000 to be accountable in utilizing

natural elements and giving respect to the nature, itself.

Significance of the Study

Hannover Principles would be used as a guide in developing the Pabahay

2000. This would be illustrated in the study, as the principles would present its

relationship in creating a healthy, conducive environment to the institution by

incorporating environmentally responsible design—using a sustainable guide in

choosing materials that provide a positive effect to the environment. To achieve the

goals of the research, sustainable and eco-friendly materials and equipment are used.
 Page |5

Promoting the usage of the aforementioned would benefit the reduction of detrimental

emissions in our built environment—highlighting all the aforesaid in the study.

To be of aid to people who do not come from well-off families to live in an

environment where its main focus is on the conservation of natural resources. The

study is significant for its contribution to those who are environmentally aware and

seeks knowledge in sustainable design.

To the students and/or future designers, this study would encourage them to

become responsible designers, and designers-to-be, by giving utmost respect to the

environment, while making best use of natural elements. This study will be used as a

future reference for interior design students or whoever finds this study of great use.

Scope and Limitations

This study merely focuses on improving the environment, as well as providing

safety, well-organized service and sustainability on Pabahay 2000. It also includes general

planning consideration, resulting to a user-friendly, energy-efficient, systematic working

environment to enhance and upgrade the existing facilities of the area. Using

environmentally accountable design through the proposal of Hannover Principles, with its

elements as a guide for this study, would envelop the proper selection of materials that

reduces negative effects towards the environment, as well as treating nature as the

symbolic model of the design. The areas that will be included in this study are of the

following: residential house, health center, daycare center, NHA office and chapel.
 Page |6

Definition of Terms:

Conducive Environment- An environment wherein more than just ensuring a comfortable

physical space but also to ensure an effective way of learning takes place. (Cambridge

English Dictionary)

Conservation- A careful preservation and protection of energy and/or natural resources

to prevent exploitation, destruction, or neglect. (Cambridge English Dictionary)

Didactic- Designed or intended to teach people something. (Merriam Webster)

Eco-Friendly- Resources that are not harmful to the environment that contribute to green

living or practices that help conserve resources such as energy, water etc. and also

prevent contributions to pollution. (Collins Dictionary)

Intrinsic Value- A something that said to be the value that thing has in itself. (Cambridge

English Dictionary)

Low - Cost Housing- Housing which is deemed affordable to those with a median

household income rated by the national government or a local government by a

recognized housing affordability index. (Economic Times)

Design for Sustainability- Awareness of the full short and long-term consequences of

any transformation of the environment. (The book Hannover Principles: Design for

Sustainability)

Environmentally Responsible Design- A comprehensive perspective that addresses

both the health and well-being of the global ecosystems that support life for both current

and future generations. (Jones, 2008)

 Page |7

Sustainability- Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of

future generations to meet their needs (Investopedia)

Sustainable Design- Is the conception and realization of environmentally sensitive and

responsible expression as a part of the evolving matrix of nature. (William McDonough)

Ventilation System- A mechanical structure of connected devices that controls airflow

within confined spaces, commonly homes and offices. Its main function is to introduce a

constant supply of fresh air, usually from the outside, while channeling stale air back out.

(The Free Dictionary)

 Page |8

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Theoretical Framework

HANNOVER PRINCIPLES

Spirit Matter

Human & Nature

Air

Earth Air Fire Water

Context & Ventilation Natural Conservation of

Material Energy Flows Clean Water

Eco- Friendly & Sustainable Environment

for Future Generation

Figure 2.0
 Page |9

The Hannover Principles offers many ways on how to consider the word

“Sustainability” in the design. It gives ideas about its principles and elements and how will

be its possible application to make the sustainable approach effective and efficient.

Design for Sustainability

According to William McDonough in the article “The Hannover Principles: Design

for Sustainability” the concept of sustainability has been introduced to combine concern

for the well-being of the planet with the continued growth and human development.

Although there is a great confusion and so much debate to what the word suggests, the

definition offered by the World Commission on Environment and Development makes it

very easy to understand what the sustainable approach wants to propose.

To embrace the principles of Hannover, the sustainable approach of the design

defined by the World Commission on Environment and Development must be expanded

to allow all parts of nature to meet their needs now and in the future. The Hannover

principles provide guidelines that a designer can consider on how to adapt their work

toward sustainable ends. The designer must include in his plans all the changes that may

happen in the environment and awareness in short and long-term consequences of any

transformation in the environment. (McDonough, 1992)

The Hannover Principles

The principles that was proposed by William McDonough that serves as a

foundation for the development of sustainable design in the world. This ecological

approach helps to evolve and adapt to the different concerns of cultures and countries
 P a g e | 10

across the globe that we may all find a way to endure and to build our society without

compromising the future’s ability to meet its own challenges. (McDonough, 1992)

Insist on rights of humanity and nature to co-exist in a healthy, supportive, diverse

and sustainable condition.

Recognize interdependence. The elements of human design interact with and

depend upon the natural world, with broad and diverse implications at every scale. Expand

design considerations to recognizing even distant effects.

Respect relationships between spirit and matter. Consider all aspects of human

settlement including community, dwelling, industry and trade in terms of existing and

evolving connections between spiritual and material consciousness.

Accept responsibility for the consequences of design decisions upon human well-

being, the viability of natural systems and their right to co-exist.

Create safe objects of long-term value. Do not burden future generations with

requirements for maintenance or vigilant administration of potential danger due to the

careless creation of products, processes or standards.

Eliminate the concept of waste. Evaluate and optimize the full life-cycle of

products and processes, to approach the state of natural systems, in which there is no

waste.

Rely on natural energy flows. Human designs should like the living world, derive

their creative force from perpetual solar income. Incorporate this energy efficiently and

safely responsible use.

Understand the limitations of design. No human creation lasts forever, and design

does not solve all problems. Those who create, and plan should practice humility in the
 P a g e | 11

face of nature. Treat nature as a model and mentor, not as an inconvenience to be evaded

or controlled.

Design and the Forces of Nature

From its book “Hannover Principles: Design for Sustainability” by William

McDonough, the Hannover Principles are a set of maxims that encourages the design

professions to take sustainability into consideration. It is said to be a descriptive way of

thinking, not a prescriptions or requirements. It is a form of a framework based on the

enduring elements of Earth, Air, and Spirit. These elements are meant to guide the

creative acts of the designers so that ecological principles may blend in aesthetics in

designing. In this way, design becomes a didactic tool, demonstrating that sustainable

thinking can be put into practice in the real world. (McDonough, 1992)

Earth

The earth is the context and the material, the landscape and the things with which

we build. Between context and a material, a balance must be struck. This will provide a

meaningful and livable diversity of scale.

Designers should consider the interaction and implementation of diverse materials

within local climate and culture in a meaningful and productive way. The use of indigenous

materials should also be considered with the practical and effective utilization of modern

technology, including energy efficient fixtures and appliances.

All materials can be considered in the following terms: a.) Materials should be

considered in light of their sustainability b). Recycling of materials is essential. But

recycling should not be encouraged if materials come from products designed for
 P a g e | 12

disposability (compostable fabric, for example). If possible, provision should be made for

manufacturers to disassemble and reuse all products. The reuse of entire structures must

be considered in the event that buildings fail to be adaptable to future human needs. c.)

Materials should be chosen that minimize hazardous chemicals. d.) In nature, waste

equals food. The aim is to eliminate any waste that cannot be shown to be part of a

naturally sustainable cycle. e). Life cycle analysis of all materials and processes is

important. Life cycle analysis is a process in which the energy use and environmental

impact of the entire life cycle of the product, process or activity is catalogued and analyzed.

The life cycle encompasses extraction and processing of raw materials, manufacturing,

transportation and maintenance, recycling and return to the environment. (McDonough,

1992)

Air

Air is the element whose degradation we can sense most immediately. When the

quality of the air is poor, all can feel it. Local atmospheric pollution may have a global

consequence, so the overall design must not contribute to further atmospheric denigration

of any kind. Designs must be evaluated in terms of their atmospheric effects, including

effects on ozone depletion and global warming. Alteration of the microclimate is equally

significant. Any possibility for the design to counterbalance or contribute to remediation of

existing environmental damaged should be explored.

It can be considered in the following: a.) Air-pollution implications of all design

system should be considered in the evaluation of designs. General air-quality issues

should also be considered to ensure that no off-site or on-site air pollution results from the

design. b.) Building design must accommodate ventilation systems that meet specific air-

quality needs. This may involve strategies that show concern for dangerous outdoor air
 P a g e | 13

conditions as well as efficient indoor air exchange. c.) Natural ventilation patterns should

be considered at every scale from the urban to the domestic as an alternative to artificial

climate control. d.) The health effects from indoor-air quality problems must be considered.

(McDonough, 1992)

Spirit

This most ineffable of elements is also the human. Concern for sustainability is

more than a matter of compliance with industrial regulation or environmental impact

analysis. It embraces a commitment to conceive of design in the context of time, place

and principled action which implies the accepting the value of all life and the rightful human

place in nature. To understand with all the elements of life, people must be able to

experience first the feeling of belonging to the Earth in a particular place. Designing and

living in sustainable environment honors the place in the world; mediating human purpose

and the needs of nature, it models a reciprocal relationship between people and their

surroundings.

The presence of spirit ensures that design will be seen as only part of the solution

to the world’s problems. Spirit evokes humility, a sense of awe in the majesty of life.

Adopting the principle of humility, designers can come to understand the inherent

limitations of directing both human desires and natural processes. Design may encourage

a sense of permanence and community, but it cannot legislate it. Similarly, our current

understanding of the laws of nature cannot be the only criterion for evaluating a design.

But design solutions can present an aesthetic statement that engages society in honoring

and more deeply understanding the human place in the natural world (McDonough, 1992).

In this way, design becomes a didactic tool, demonstrating that sustainable thinking can

be put into practice in the real world. (McDonough, 1992)

 P a g e | 14

Literature in Environmentally Responsible Interior Design

According to Louise Jones in the book “Environmentally Responsible Design”

stated that government officials, urban planners, developers, building owners, architects,

engineers, interior designers, construction managers, code officials, contractors,

tradespeople, landscape architects, facility managers, and the people who live, work and

play in the buildings must be all engaged to create a community which is essential for the

environmentally responsible built environment that supports the health and well-being of

both the populace and the planet. A recent survey in 2002 found that the top reasons

Americans cite for taking care of the environment is to protect human health; 78 percent

felt that people are at increased risk due to poor environmental conditions. Native

American ideology maintains that “we do not inherit the earth from our ancestors, we

borrow it from our children. (Jones, 2008.)

In the Hannover Principles Design for Sustainability (1992), written to guide the

planning of the Expo 2000 World’s Fair, William McDonough defines environmental

intelligence as the process of using natural resources, energy and technology, efficiently

and appropriately, in a closed-loop manufacturing cycle, to ensure that damage to the

environment is avoided when bringing products for the built environment to the market.

Specification of furnishings, finishes, and equipment (FF&E) that are green (i.e., protect

people’s health and well-being) reflects environmental responsibility. However, although

there are several groups disseminating information regarding green and sustainable

building construction methods and materials (e.g., the U.S. Green Building Council), no

one is concentrating on a comprehensive understanding of environmentally responsible

FF&E. This lack of focus on interiors has created an information void for architects, interior
 P a g e | 15

designers, and facility managers who want to specify environmentally responsible FF&E

for interior environments.

Increasingly, the suppliers of the products that the designers specify offer

environmentally responsible alternatives, because they recognize that it makes good

business sense for them to do so. A survey by Arthur D. Little, a consulting firm, indicated

that 83 percent of North American and European business leaders believed they can

derive real business value from incorporating environmental responsibility into their

business strategy and operations. However, in their fervor to market their products, some

manufacturers indulge in greenwashing ̶ exaggerating the green and sustainable

characteristics of their products ̶ thereby creating additional problems for designers who

want to practice environmental responsibility. (Little, 2008)

Life-Cycle Analysis

Green building standards set by such rating systems as LEED (Leadership in

Energy and Environmental Design) are encouraging the industry to look at buildings as

long-term investments. A new whole-building perspective that bases costs on the entire

life cycle of a building is replacing an approach that is based solely on initial construction

costs. In the new perspective, small investments at the beginning of a project that go

toward better efficiency are rewarded ̶ sometimes tenfold ̶ through significant operational

savings that are realized over the life of the building. For Interior Designers, a life-cycle

approach requires the analysis of interior furnishings and finishes from the specification of

raw materials to the end of useful life. Designers must identify and analyze the raw

materials, manufacturing methods, transportation, installation, use, maintenance, and

disposal of all the FF&E specified for an interior space. Reduce, reuse, and recycle are

the guiding principles. When disposal at the end of useful life becomes reuse,
 P a g e | 16

manufacturing has become a closed-loop process, the ultimate goal for products and

materials. (Jones, 2008)

The life cycle analysis (LCA) process is the analytical basis for design decisions

that are environmentally responsible. It is currently the most effective measure of

sustainability ̶ effective use of LCA can determine how the design affects the health and

welfare of global ecosystems. Several tools have been developed to assist designers in

preparing a detailed life-cycle assessment of each design decision to ensure

environmentally responsible programming and space planning as well as the specification

and installation of environmentally responsible FF&E. (Jones, 2008)

In manufacturing, the LCA process is governed under ISO 14000, series of

international standards addressing environmental management. This assessment

pertains to the manufacturing process rather than to the actual product being

manufactured; the standards enable organizations to minimize the negative effects of their

operations on air, water, or land. (Jones, 2008)

Environmentally Responsible Interior Design Precepts

The creation of environmentally responsible interior environment involves the

relationships among all the stakeholders: government officials, urban planners,

developers, building owners, architects, engineers, interior designers, construction

managers, code officials, contractors, tradespeople, landscape architects, facility

managers, and the people who live, work and play in the built environment. The interior

designer must be engaged in creative and critical thinking to ensure that the design

solutions rise from platform of environmental responsibility. Each design project is unique

and must be grounded in its contextual setting. There are, however, a few broad precepts

that can guide a designer through the design process. (Elsevier B.V, 2008)
 P a g e | 17

a. Specify FF&E that do not off-gas volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or formaldehyde,

both of which are known carcinogens; select composite wood and agrifiber products

that do not contain urea- formaldehyde resin; require Green Guard IAQ certification.

b. Do not specify FF&E made with PVC plastic (polyvinyl chloride), a known carcinogen.

c. Monitor IAQ with continuous testing and adjust the ventilation as needed.

d. Design an energy-efficient, effective lighting plan (e.g., evaluate the luminaires, lamps,

ballasts and controls).

e. Recommend energy-efficient electrical equipment that is Energy Star rated.

f. Use refurbished materials to reduce the use of raw materials and to divert material

from landfills (e.g., refinish original wood flooring rather than installing new flooring).

g. Use rapidly renewable materials (e.g., bamboo flooring, which is harder than oak,

although it is a grass that regrows when cut, without being replanted).

h. Maximize day lighting and provide views to the outdoors from all occupied spaces.

i. Reduce embodied energy by buying local materials to minimize fuel load whenever

possible; ship materials using reusable packing materials and the most fuel-efficient

method.

j. Research FF&E specifications carefully, documenting life-cycle analysis.

A myriad of ideas comes together in an environmentally responsible design

project; research, both quantitative and qualitative, can serve as foundation upon which

to develop better solutions that have environmentally responsible design as a nexus

(Elsevier B.V 2008).

Studies have shown that poor indoor environmental quality (IEQ) has adverse

effects on the occupants’ health, comfort, and well-being. There is evidence suggesting
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that investing in better IEQ could be profitable through modest improvements in

productivity. However, there are limited studies providing holistic environmentally

responsible interior design (ERID) solutions. Knowledge professionals in the industry need

to improve IEQ, indoor air quality, and thermal, acoustical, visual/light, spatial, and building

integrity. (Moshood Olawale Fadeyi and Rasha Taha 2013)

Optimal Indoor Air Quality

Keane cited from one of the topics discussed in her research study “Sustainable

Interior Design CPD”, the design in every building can have a direct or indirect effect in

human health. The content in various and furnishings and finishes can have an impact in

the indoor air quality. Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) environmental problems in the buildings can

be divided into two; the Building Related Illness (BRI) which is a diagnosable disease that

can be directly attributed to a specific pollutant source within the building whose symptoms

do not abate or diminish after leaving the building. The other one is the Sick Building

Syndrome (SBS) which caused by a building whose occupants experience acute health

or discomfort that appear to be linked to the time spent therein, but there is no specific

illness or cause can be identified. (Keane, 2012)

IAQ is one of the major problems that can be considered in designing through

sustainable design this is because it can also affect the health, comfort and productivity of

humans. To reduce the Indoor Air pollutants, materials and products that contains toxin

such as Volatile Organic Compound, Formaldehyde, Urea-Formaldehyde and Flame

Retardants should be avoided. The basic studies that we must follow in avoiding those

Indoor Air Pollutants are using low-emitting materials and products, integrating occupant-
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controlled building system, specifying appropriate air-exchange to introduce fresh air and

using HVAC systems during construction to control contaminants. (Watt, 2008)

Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

The Sustainable Architecture Module: Qualities, Use and Examples of Sustainable

Materials by Kim and Rigdon explained that Energy Efficiency is an important feature in

making the building environmentally sustainable. The ultimate goal of using energy-

efficient materials is reducing the amount of energy generated. (Kim and Rigdon, 1998)

Jones and Wiley cited that there are possible methods in energy efficiency and

renewable energy. These are the; reduced dependence on non-renewable energy

sources by incorporating a geothermal heating and cooling system, reduced demand for

electricity with the use of day lighting, high-performance electric lighting, and

programmable lighting controls, employing strategies to ensure energy-efficient heating

and cooling. (e.g., the HVAC - heating, ventilation, and air conditioning), maximizing day

lighting by balancing light transmission with the windows’ insulating and shading

performance. (Wiley & Jones, 2008)

Environmentally Responsible Lighting Design

Issues of Sustainability

The goal of environmentally responsible lighting design (ERLD) focuses on the

amount of energy used to produce a given quantity of light. Energy-efficient lighting

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considers factors that at first may seem tangential to sustainable lighting design. (Jones,

2008)

Lighting is installed for specific purposes, including providing safety, enhancing

visual performance or productivity, and eliciting emotional or motivational responses.

These purposes appear to have little to do with energy consumption or other obvious

sustainable issues. (Jones, 2008)

Provide sun control devices to minimize heat gain in the interior spaces; and to

ascertain energy conservation in the air-conditioning; and to control direct penetration of

sun’s rays. (Chapter 4 Section 29. ID Code RA 8534)

Acoustical Comfort

One of the worst problems in this space is lack of acoustic element. Without this

element, the space especially it’s a school and offices cannot be a conducive environment

because of unnecessary sounds or noise everywhere. A good environment for acoustical

comfort requires that noise be controlled to proper level so that the space could give a

better attentiveness and focus to every individual who are using the space. (Fajardo, 2002)

Ways of Achieving Acoustical Comfort

Acoustic comfort in school may be achieved by:

a. Locating the site in a quiet neighborhood

b. Locating the facility at a reasonable distance from the street;

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c. Proper zoning of the space to separate noisy areas from those where silence is required

d. Grouping buildings according to function so that academic/office buildings, where

silence is required, are located at a reasonable distance from shop, home economics and

other buildings where noise activities take place normally.

Quality of Light: Visual Impact

Good lighting relates to the quality of light as much more than to the quantity of

light. Quality of light issues relate to visual comfort and have been identified as central of

to the lighting design-programming process. Good lighting becomes a matter of having

the right amount of light in the right place. This involves light levels, distribution of the light,

glare control, brightness perception, and the appearance of the space. Safety, security,

and emergency needs are primary to any discussion of lighting quality. Good lighting will

support visual performance, personal interactions, and a positive emotional response.

(Malcom, 2012)

Daylight

According to Jones (2008) in Environmentally Responsible Design book explained

that daylight is an important component of environmentally responsible lighting design.

Architectural day lighting design decisions can help or hinder the potential for effective use

of daylight and achieving visual comfort inside buildings. An understanding of the issues,

benefits, and guidelines related to day lighting is important to developing ERID.

Windows provide a psychologically important connection to the outdoors. Access

to view and interaction with daylight provide valuable environmental information which is

a dynamic measure of time passage, information about immediate weather conditions,

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and a sense of place. Having a view to the outside reduces eye strain, allowing the

muscles contracted from extended near-focus to relax. Research evidence from

education, corporate, retail, and health-care settings is confirming the positive health and

performance impacts of day lighting (Wiley, 2008)

Specification of Products for Environmentally Responsible Interior Design

Environmentally responsible products are those that cause the least environmental

impact on people (building occupants, workers, and the population of communities

adjacent to factories) and on the sustainability of the global environment. ER material

selection forces designers to be continuously well-informed so they can carefully evaluate,

compare, and eventually rank products before specifying them. (Wiley, 2008)

Material selection criteria and rankings for indoor spaces depend, among other

factors, on occupants’ needs (e.g., floor resilience, noise protection, chemical sensitivities,

allergies, etc.) and the specific conditions of the project (code requirements, ventilation

rates, climate, ambient temperature and humidity, sun-ray exposure, etc.) adding to this

list, the global environmental impacts make an already complex task even more so.

Dealing with this level of complexity requires a case-by-case evaluation and establishment

of a priority list of criteria for each project. (Jones, 2008)

The selection of ER materials and products for interior designs should start at the

earliest stage of the design process. An early selection of materials directly influences the

development of the project’s concept. Contextual questions asked in this phase will guide

product selection. Who are the users and what are their needs? How and where will
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products be used? Is recycling feasible (some areas do not have recycling facilities in

close proximity)? Which performance characteristics are demanded of each particular

application? In case of commercial projects, how often is the facility redesigned for image

or functional purposes? With this information at hand, the interior designer can start

searching for potential ER materials and products. The main issue, at this point, is to use

one’s own individual values about the environment to ask questions and search for more

information. (Jones, 2008)

The initial aesthetic and functional criteria must consider the possible impacts

products might have on the occupants and the planet. Today’s most innovative designs

are the ones that create unusual and appealing visual effects through the careful use of

materials that are appropriate to the facility’s life cycle without compromising the health,

safety, and welfare of the building occupants or the planet’s ability to sustain human life.

Another reason for early consideration of environmental issues is to avoid over

specification off performance criteria. Would it be wise to specify a very durable but not

biodegradable material for a design that, due to marketing strategies, tends to be

renovated every 3 to 5 years? (Jones, 2008)

As a rule of thumb, interior design-ER products, most of all, are the ones that

contribute to a safe and healthy indoor environment and that are also biodegradable or

fully-recyclable. Other ER attributes, such as recycled content or resource conservation,

are equally important and should be part of the criteria but never compromise the interior

designers’ main responsibility: the health and safety building occupants. Products that

help ensure a healthy indoor environment should be categorized according to Wilson:

a. Products that do not release significant pollutants into the building

b. Products that block the introduction, development, or spread of indoor contaminants

c. Products that remove indoor pollutants

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d. Products that warn occupants of health hazards in the building

e. Products that improve light quality

f. Products that help control noise

Claims of environmental benefits are now very popular among manufacturers, but

it is the designers’ duty to distinguish ER products within the market’s current

“greenwashing” that is, the abundance of insufficiently documented environmental claims.

Again, designers need to be careful and not rely on undocumented claims. This ongoing

problem has generated many concerns. (Wilson, 2008)

Local Materials

The use of local materials is mostly forgotten because imported materials are

believed to be the best product that can be used in construction. (Kim and Rigdon, 1998)

In the book “Green Imperative” by Victor Papanek explained that, the amount of energy

used to transport building materials from their source to the building site can be a major

consideration. The transport of large quantities of very heavy materials over long distances

can represent a very inefficient use of resources, if there are materials available nearer to

hand that would meet that requirements. (Papanek, 1995, p.6)

The use of locally occurring materials is becoming more popular because of the

emphasis now being put in many planning considerations on how well the building fits the

environment. (Papanek, 1995, p.6) Also, the proximity of locally produced materials

shortens the transport distances thus reduces the air pollution produced by the vehicles.

(Papanek, 1995, p.9)

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Materials Usage

Bamboo ---------------------------------- Furniture, baskets and handicrafts

Abaca (Sinamay/Tinalak) --------- Wall covers, wall curtains, table cloth

Buri (Rafia) ------------------------ Wall coverings, cushions, handicraft

Coconut White coir fiber ------------- Matting, carpet, rugs, doormat, floor

covering

Brown coir fiber ------------ Carpet underlay, upholstery, cushions, gym

mats and bed mats

Rattan (Palasan) -------------------- Furniture making

Sea Grass (Pandan) --------------------- Wall covering, cushions, mats

Leather Hides (cattle/horse) -------- Upholstery, cushion, decoration,

Kips (snakes/lizard/reptiles) accessories

Skins (calves/goat/ostrich) (same above)

Sea Shells (Mother of Pearl/Capiz) --- Furniture, home accessories and

adornment

(Chapter 5 Section 33. Philippine Raw Materials ID Code RA 8534)

Construction Materials

Bamboo and wood

Bamboo is a very promising building material for house construction. In various

countries in Latin America and Asia, bamboo housing is a mainly rural phenomenon,

based on local production and processing of the raw material. If bamboo housing were to

also become accepted by city dwellers, there would be a need to develop bamboo

plantations that might provide the urban housing markets with bamboo for construction.
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Based on a bamboo housing study for Guayaquil, Ecuador, architect Simon Velez calls

bamboo ‘vegetable steel’; however, “gradually after the site has been hardened, the

squatters’ house is transformed into a concrete house”. This is because the residents

eventually prefer a house built with bricks (brick houses have higher status than bamboo

houses; many households say that bamboo is ‘the poor man’s construction material’).

(Velez, 2006)

Although so far, the use of bamboo as a construction material in urban settlements

is still limited. But the material is durable and can even be earthquake resistant.

Technological improvements are possible as can be seen with new corner joints. Bamboo

can be used for many purposes, such as for dividing walls, floors, ceilings, roofs, pillars,

and window frames. It is also used on construction sites as scaffoldings. The use of

bamboo as a major construction material in dense urban areas, however, is not to be

expected. Using wood in house construction is comparable to using bamboo, but it is

easier to handle. The use of wood in construction is also customary worldwide. Although

wood is a very good construction material, it is not always locally available. One must

consider transportation costs and the re-planting of trees in the area where the wood was

harvested. The use of wood as a building material can be ecologically responsible only if

the trees are replanted. (Bredenoord J., 2016)

Walls

Interior walls and ceilings represent the larger surface areas in a building.

Emissions from materials used to cover these surfaces can have a significant impact on

indoor air quality. Wood paneling, wall coverings, paints, fillers, adhesives and other
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finishes produce gases and particulates that affect the quality of the air. (Best and

Shucksmith, 2006)

When selecting wall finishes, ERID preferences are given to products and

materials that produce the lowest possible emissions and odors. Again, the most inert

materials are hard coverings, such as plaster, stone, or ceramic tiles. Even sensitive

individuals tend to tolerate well a gypsum-board system (drywall) when finished with low-

toxicity joint compounds and paints. Some natural woods may be an acceptable

alternative. Wallpaper, however, is not always an acceptable choice for sensitive

occupants. (Best and Shucksmith, 2006)

Calcium Salicilate/Fiber cement board of substantial thickness 2.5 cm. (1”)

Solid Wood / Wood particle

Bonded panel cement stucco work on metal furring expanded metal lathe; double

faced .18 cm (1/8”) to 4.76 cm (3/16”) thick fiber cement board with styrophor or rigid

urethane. Core or filler of any similar non-combustible construction and pre-cast glass

fiber reinforced concrete structural glass blocks. (Chapter 5 Section 30. Interior Materials

& Finishes ID Code RA. 8534)

Paint

Paint can help with resource and energy conservation. It protects and preserves

materials like wood or metal and when used to create light-reflective surfaces, can reduce

the need for electric lighting. On the other hand, paint can be very toxic when made with

chemicals that release high quantities of VOCs in the indoor air. Some pigments used in

paint products also contain toxic heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium, and chromium.

Recycled paint, in particular, needs to be carefully tested for lead content or other

components that might have negative health impacts. (Bevan, 2001)

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According to Bevan (2001), recycled paints can be found in two types: (1) paints

that are blended from unused or leftover paint collected under municipal waste programs

and (2) paints that are collected and remanufactured to achieve higher quality and

consistency. The first type does not undergo sophisticated testing and quality control;

typically, it is sold as primers, because the colors are inconsistent. The second type is

checked for quality, sorted, and blended with virgin materials. (Bevan, 2001)

Environmentally responsible interior design (ERID) specifications give preference

to very low-VOC or zero-VOC paint products as well as the least toxic alternative. Products

to avoid are those containing formaldehyde, halogenated solvents, aromatic

hydrocarbons, mercury or mercury compounds, and lead acetate or cobalt manganese

drying agents. (Bevan, 2001)

Window Treatments

Window treatment such as interior shades, blinds, or curtains are interior design

devices used functionally to control daylight, to prevent glare, and to reduce heat loss or

heat gain through windows. Although in many situations high-performance windows may

be more efficient than energy-conserving blinds or shades, window coverings have a

significant role in most interior design projects. However, the use of PVC-based products

as well as textiles that contain toxic substances should be avoided. Today, there are

several companies that offer fewer impacting products for window treatments, such as

natural-fiber shades and PVC-free interior shade and screen products. However, many of

these new products are still under evaluation in terms of health impacts. (Jones, 2008)
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Engineered Wood Products

Engineered wood products should be certified from a credited company and must

not contain formaldehyde binders. The advantage of engineered wood products over a

solid wood is the efficient use of fast growing, small-diameter trees and their use minimizes

construction waste due to product deformity. (Velez, 2006)

Steel

Steel is the most energy-intensive framing material. The use of steel conserves

natural resources and reduces solid waste. One of the properties of steel is, recyclable

and can be magnetically separated from waste disposal. It is also lightweight. Resistant in

insect and consistent in quality. (Jones, 2008)

Floor

Vinyl/ Rubber Tiles - for areas that require highly hygienic conditions should be

treated with antibacterial or fungicidal solutions. (Chapter 5 Section 30.4 Interior Materials

& Finishes ID Code RA 8534)

Exposed concrete finished floor

This kind of characteristic can be offset by concrete flooring’s dual role as a

structure and finished floor, as well as durability and ease of maintenance. Concrete is

very porous and tend to absorb water. When used as flooring, it should be treated with

finishing layer which is made of a cement mix applied to surface as a barrier. Colored
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cement flooring requires additional materials for exposed concrete flooring. It should

provide recycled glass powder fines that can be used as coloring agents. (Jones, 2008)

Ceramic Tiles

Made from clay, silica and other raw materials that are readily available resources

with low-impact mining, especially the non-porous tiles. Ceramic tiles can also be reused

and recycled as aggregates for concrete & terrazzo-type flooring. (Jones, 2008)

Fire-Resistive Requirements in Construction

Fire-Resistive Rating defined

Fire-resistive rating means the degree to which a material can withstand fire as

determined by generally recognized and accepted testing methods. (Section 601: National

Building Code)

Fire-Resistive Time Period Rating

Fire-resistive time period rating is the length of time a material can withstand being

burned which may be one-hour, two-hours, three-hours, four-hours, etc. (Section 602:

National Building Code)

Fire-Resistive Standards

All materials of construction, and assemblies or combinations thereof shall be

classified according to their fire-retardant or flame-spread ratings as determined by

general accepted testing methods and/or by the Secretary. (Section 603: National Building

Code PD 1096)
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Flame Resistance

All fabrics and textiles should conform to the quality and safety standards set by

the Philippine government agencies, DTI, and the Fire Bureau. An extra precautionary

measure against fire is to spray textiles / raw materials with fire retardant finish on

upholstery, curtains, wall coverings and beddings. Spraying fire-retardant finishes may

wear off in time. For commercial usage like resorts and hotels, an inherently flame-

retardant fabric is recommended.

Literature in Sustainable Design

The right blueprint can lead to the right ecological footprint, and so Green building

is good for the environment. Sustainable designers work to create high-performance

buildings and communities that are less expensive to build (or retrofit), more profitable to

operate, easier to lease, and healthier and more comfortable to occupy— plus, they boost

worker productivity. They also analyze interconnected issues such as site and building

design, energy and water efficiency, resource-efficient materials and construction

techniques, lighting and mechanical design, and the comfort and safety of the occupants.

Then reassemble the pieces in new patterns that achieve multiple benefits from single

expenditures. More than just adding green features to buildings, the integrated design

process considers all aspects of the physical environment, from aesthetics and function

to industry-related challenges such as financing, construction scheduling, and regulatory

compliance. The result is a new generation of refined interior space with optimized energy

and water efficiency, sustainable materials, and superior aesthetics. (Chapter 8 Section

56. Sustainable and Green Building ID Code RA 8534)

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Traditional Values and Sustainable Development

For thousands of years, First Nations have been practicing what we call

sustainable development. “The maintain of lifestyles and of the diversity of cultures and

languages is a proof of the sustainability and the strength of the First Nations as well as

the close bond always maintained with the Mother Earth.

Many recent publications lead to the identification of sustainable development

pillars. These pillars cannot be dissociated from one another. Sustainable development

aims at being coherent by considering its various components as equal and interrelated.

First Nations’ vision of the world and of development is necessarily holistic. The pillars

identified here are intimately related and require special attention.

The environmental pillar is embodied by the maintenance of the integrity of

ecosystems and of the protection of natural environments in order to ensure the future.

The social pillar refers to the maintenance and development of the social background, of

a healthy society that fights for its culture and way of life. The economic pillar must be a

motor that generates economic activity and growth, and the means to achieve such growth

and activity must be carefully analyzed so they do not generate more degradation in the

environment. Finally, the First Nations rights pillar must be given its proper place and must

play an umbrella role to all other activities in the territories, for the respect of these rights

is essential to the development of First Nations and the implementation of the three other

pillars. (First Nations of Québec and Labrador Sustainable Development Strategy, p. 6

and 9.)

The Quebec Policy for the Management of Residual Materials states the fact that

“among other things, the sustainable use of natural resources depends on the better

management of secondary resources, which are the residual materials” 3. The general
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goal of this Policy is to divert at least 65% of “waste” and to reuse and recover these

residual materials. According to First Nations of Quebec and Labrador Sustainable

Development Institute the Policy wisely postulates that we can only attain “this objective if

all segments of society contribute to the effort”. Because these residues can be reused,

recovered or recycled, this is not a question of waste but one of resources.

Diverting, reusing and recovering this waste also helps to reduce the risks to our

health and to the environment. In fact, waste products that decompose in a landfill form a

toxic mix that, through leachate (liquid created when rainwater passes through wastes),

contaminates the groundwater, surface water and soil. Moreover, the decomposition of

organic matter generates biogases: methane, CO2, nitrogen, carbon monoxide and other

volatile organic compounds such as toluene and benzene, both of which are carcinogenic.

Burning waste does not solve the problem: toxic heavy metals (lead, mercury, arsenic,

cadmium, etc.) are, in fact, sent back into the atmosphere as dangerous organic

compounds (dioxins, furans, phenolic compounds, etc.). The resulting ash, which

sometimes represents up to a third of the waste products’ mass, also contains heavy

metals and dangerous organic compounds.

The goals established in the Quebec Policy for the Management of Residual

Materials, which replaces the government’s Policy on Integrated Solid Waste

Management of 1989, are:

• The application of the 4Rs principles;

• The increased accountability of producers;

• Citizens’ participation;

• Partnerships between those active in the domain;

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• The regionalization of responsibilities and powers.

To reduce wastes that are sent to the dump or incinerated by 65%, the government

set objectives for each sector of society and for each residual material.

In the municipalities (and communities)

• 60% of glass, plastic, metal, fibres (paper and cardboard), bulky residues and

putrescible matter (food waste and green waste);

• 80% of non-refillable beer and soft drink containers;

• 50% of textiles;

• 20% non-returnable metals;

• 75% of oils, paints and pesticides (dangerous household materials);

• 60% of all other dangerous household materials.

In industries, businesses and institutions

• 70% of plastic and fibres (paper and cardboard), wood and textiles;

• 95% of metals and glass;

• 60% putrescible matter (food waste and green waste);

• 85% of tires (consumers’, industries’, businesses’ and institutions’ out-of-service tires).

In the construction, renovation and demolition industry

• 60% of all recoverable material

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Literature in Affordable Housing

According to the book Housing Affordability and Affordable Housing Program Audit,

the idea of affordable housing recognizes the needs of households whose incomes are not

sufficient to allow them to access appropriate housing in the market without assistance

(Milligan et al 2004, pi). Thus, the term ‘affordable housing’ describes housing that assists

lower income households in obtaining and paying for appropriate housing without

experiencing undue financial hardship (Milligan et al 2004, pi). A range of publicly or

privately initiated forms of housing may meet this specification (Milligan et al 2007, p27). In

fact, in recent years, the term ‘affordable housing’ has been used as an alternative to terms

such as ‘public’, ‘social’ or ‘low cost’ housing (Gabriel et al 2005, p6). That said, in the

Australian context, there is no single accepted definition of what constitutes affordable

housing (Milligan et al 2004, pi).

This is because conceptualizing and measuring affordability is as complex as

understanding the causal factors of the housing affordability problem itself. Indeed, as the

discussion of affordability debates illustrates, many of the conceptual and measurement

problems stem from contested understandings of the problem. For example, housing

affordability can be understood as the continuing costs of a mortgage or rents relative to

income, problems of accessing affordable housing (e.g., first home ownership), not being

able to afford housing costs after meeting other expenditures, or a problem of too low an

income or too high housing prices. Even more problematically, affordability can be

experienced by household types in different ways; that is, through the employment,

transport, health, and other consumption trade-offs that have to be made by singles, sole

parents and couples with children as they adapt their circumstances to high housing costs

and/or low income (Gabriel et. al. 2005).

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However, work on a broad contemporary definition of what is meant by affordable

housing in Australia has been advanced under the policy development process for the

Framework for National Action on Affordable Housing. Australian housing, planning and

local government ministers have agreed upon the following definition to assist state and

local government planning agencies in the task of promoting and monitoring the supply of

affordable housing:

“Affordable housing is housing that is appropriate for the needs of a range of low to

moderate income households and priced so that low and moderate incomes are able to

meet their other essential basic living costs.” (PRWG 2006 in Milligan et. al. 2007)

Designing and Constructing Affordable Housing Solutions

Housing in general, and affordable housing in particular has many aspects to

consider during development such as socio-economic, cultural, infrastructural,

institutional, and environmental considerations. However, the key components of

affordable housing solutions may include:

- Livable and affordable

- Safe, secure, and healthy

- Accessible and adaptable

- Resilient to disasters

- Socially and culturally appropriate

- Integrated with livelihood

- Resource efficient

- Environmentally aware and friendly

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Designers and developers need to understand the specific needs of the target

groups, the specifications such as family size, main livelihood, affordability, social and

cultural interactions, particular expectations, and lifestyle. Similarly, consideration of

housing schemes locations is also essential for developing appropriate solutions for

construction and affordability that consider various geographical factors by

developers/planners. Rural areas have low land cost but are scattered and have little or

almost no infrastructure. Sub-urban regions have medium land cost but are marred with

high costs due to presence of residential estates, satellite towns and particularly

developed infrastructure. Urban areas have very high land cost but they may have transit-

oriented development (TOD) and growth along commercial centers, with greater mobility.

Generally, studies must be undertaken for assessing affordability for low income

groups (Naveed Anwar et al 2015). These studies typically include market analysis, formal

surveys, technical need assessment (TNA), requirement analysis, and feasibility studies.

Based on these studies, multiple options or models can be adopted for affordable housing

solutions such as:

Option 1: Build some housing at a certain price and offer in market; those who can

afford, will get it, and others may be left out.

Option 2: Determine who needs housing and provide it at the price they can afford.

Option 3: Provide predefined, subsidized housing to selected groups.

Option 4: Create a solution comprising all of the above.

Sustainable housing, measures and costs

While the costs related to sustainable house construction vary from country to country

and region to region, the prices of housing plots are generally higher in urban areas. If
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families can obtain subsidies or donations, the costs for them are lower. Simple housing is

priced between US$ 1,000 (P 52, 173.00) and US$ 10,000 (P521, 730.00) for a plot.

Including the costs of building materials, labor and land, a decent house on a small plot may

fetch roughly US$ 10,000 (P521, 730.00). However, in large cities the plot of land alone can

cost US$ 10,000 (P521, 730.00) or more, which is a very large investment for a poor

household. In this case, if very low-income households have to pay for instance more than

US$ 100 (P 5217.30) monthly, one cannot speak of affordable housing. Such a costly

monthly payment is a burden for hundreds of millions of families. Sustainable house building

depends on local climate conditions (such as tropical, subtropical, continental, etc.).

Sullivan and Ward have explored potential ways in which contemporary sustainable

housing applications and their costs may be integrated into the existing housing stock in

low-income and informal settlements in the United States and Latin-America. They

document a range of sustainable housing applications as a baseline for discussion and

evaluation of the potential application to lower-income segments of the housing market in

both developed and developing countries. A fundamental barrier to sustainability in these

communities is usually poverty (Bredenoord & Van Lindert and Sullivan & Ward 2016).

Reconnecting People with Nature through Design

According to W. Hopkins of Nature in Cities, a poorly conceived design visibly

divided people in urban areas from our wilds and contributed to our recent ability to see

nature as something isolated from them. Yet reinvigorating the bond with nature is a

challenge architecture and urban design are well placed to address. Architects and
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designers have control over the built environment; by changing the way they design cities

and buildings to connect to rather than disconnect from nature, people can change their

proximity to nature and shift their physical relationship to the environment.

The separation that each individual has crafted over the centuries through isolating

designs hasn’t come without costs. Obesity, ADHD, autism, a decline in creativity—these

are all connected to a lack of environmental connection. Unfortunately, this estrangement

from nature has not only directly impacted human health, it has impacted people’s ability to

respond to crucial modern challenges, such as climate change, because these dire

environmental topics feel removed from them. The environment appears distant because

humana designed it as such. (Sim Van der Ryn and Stuart Cowan :Ecological Design)

Schools

Children seem particularly moved by biophilia and quickly gain

many advantages from access to the outdoors. Schools that get children outside into

natural places find that their students perform better academically (this has proven

especially true for low-income students) and are more engaged and motivated to learn.

These benefits come in addition to decreasing the need for disciplinary action, reducing

stress, and increasing student attention spans. But the gains are not just performance-

based—it turns out that the outdoors even improves vision and increases Vitamin D

levels, all advantages that make students healthier. There are some great schools that

strive to put children outside and reflect this philosophy in their design.
 P a g e | 40

Hospitals

Connecting patients to nature has been innately valued for centuries—the first

health centers were at remote monasteries intended to foster the tie between healing and

the environment. Now, a growing body of modern scientific evidence supports this notion;

patient outcomes appear to be closely related to interacting with nature. Connection to the

natural environment has been shown to improve overall healthcare quality in multiple ways

by reducing staff stress and fatigue, increasing the effectiveness in delivering care,

improving patient safety, and reducing patient stress. All this leads to improve health

outcomes and patients who are happier and heal faster. Hospitals foster this by having

views, natural light, and access to gardens or the outdoors. The few following hospitals do

this exceedingly well.

Workplace

Because the evidence of diverse benefits is so strong, contact with nature in the

workplace has become a central element in the design of healthy office spaces. Various

studies have repeatedly shown that access to outdoor gardens or parks, indoor plants,

and windows with views of natural places reduce worker stress levels. Beyond

manipulating stress levels, it appears that employees are also happier and more

productive with a connection to nature. And firms greatly benefit because sick leave and

worker turnover is reduced. With all these advantages, it is no wonder that creating contact

between nature and workers is happening in offices, manufacturing plants, and every type

of work environment in between.

 P a g e | 41

CHAPTER III

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter will show the idea on how the whole study will flow, and how the factors of

the proposed Sustainable Design would be applied in developing Pabahay 2000. This research

paradigm will explain the relationships of the aspects that affect the whole space, and the

solutions that will be provided to achieve its main goal, “Sustainable and Productive Environment”.

HANNOVER PRINCIPLES

Spirit and Matter

Environmentally Responsible
Application of Materials and Design

Pabahay 2000 Spaces

Residential, Institutional, Offices, Chapel

Conservation and Organized

Preservation System

Productive and Sustainable

Green Environment

Figure. 3.0
 P a g e | 42

Seeing as the aim of this research is to propose a sustainable design and less-

waste environment, the study would start from the principles of Hannover. This

environmental approach of design will serve as the framework of the study, explaining the

basic guidelines to be considered to identify the problems existing in the space that need

to be established in order to promote a sustainable design development. This will discuss

the harmonious relationship between this approach and method to people, the institution,

and the society. As well as how environmentally-accountable application of materials,

finishes, furnishing and equipment incorporated in the design can bring positive effects in

our built environment.

 P a g e | 43

CHAPTER IV

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presented the different kinds of methods that the researcher used to

gather data and information from Pabahay 2000 facilities. This included the different tools

and instruments and how it helped the whole study identify the features that lacked in the

facilities of the institution.

Research Design

To achieve the main purpose of the study, a descriptive type of research was used.

According to Rosales and Espino from the book “Writing in the Discipline” this type of

research presented systematically the facts or the characteristics of a given population or

areas of interest factually and accurately. Its main concern was the condition or

relationship that exists, practices that prevail, beliefs and processes that are going on and

its effects that are being felt and trends that are developed. This also included the studies

that connected to the present facts concerning the nature and its status of anything, a

group of persons, number of objects, set of conditions, a class of events, a system of

thought, or any other kind of phenomena which one may wish to study. (Rosales and

Espino, 2008)

Mere observation of the condition of Pabahay 2000 was not enough to accumulate

information. Therefore, to further understand and identify the factors that may affect the

users’ behavior and environment, the researcher conducted photo-documentation,

observation, surveys and interviews. Through the elements present on the tools, the

researcher was able to know directly from the possible respondents the physical

requirements that the institution needs.

 P a g e | 44

Procedures of Data Gathering

In order to have a reliable basis of the present problems in the institution, the

researcher gathered its primary sources through photo-documentation, survey sheets,

interview guide and from the researcher’s observation as well.

Observation helped identify the physical requirements of the facilities that were

lacking, and how the circulation in the space worked. Although, admittedly, purely having

ocular inspection and photo-documentation from the space didn’t suffice in proving the

existing problems that the researcher may have discovered. To justify the researcher’s

views and claims in regards with the space, survey sheets had been distributed to the

homeowners from different houses who were currently residing in, and using it. These

survey sheets were also given to the people who were working in specific facilities such

as offices, market and of the like.

After gathering information through survey sheets, several homeowners had also

been interviewed to surely know their real feelings and opinions as the user of the space.

Instruments:

The following instruments had been used as a tool to distinguish the primary

problems of the space and its basic requirements that were lacking.

Photo documentation

The study began from collecting information through photos. This showed the

actual situation happening on the Pabahay 2000 facilities. Photos had included the

existing interior features of the rooms such ceiling heights and its finishes, finish of floor,

arrangement of furniture pieces, wall finishes and how the people work on the space. This
 P a g e | 45

tool helped the researcher to see every detail of the spaces and identify accurately the

possible existing problems.

Observation

The researcher observed and conducted an ocular inspection in every facility of

the institution to recognize its existing problems. Prior to the observation session, existing

floor plan had been drawn including existing interior elements like, furniture pieces and its

arrangement, lighting layout, power layout, and the features of facilities and functions.

Observing had been done through watching different individuals who were utilizing

the facilities. While inspecting them, jotting down notes on how they respond to every

element of interior had been considered. This helped the researcher analyze and

conceptualize the facilities and formulate a design that befitted the spaces.

Survey

This kind of tool helped know the requirements of the space that the facility lacked.

The researcher used the rating scale type of questionnaire. This type of questionnaire

asked the user of the space to rate a particular issue that ranges between excellent to

poor. The survey sheet composed different questions regarding their knowledge about

sustainability and following elements of the interior—the comfort of furniture pieces

presents in the space, the purpose and function of the room, effects of colors, materials

present (e.g. tiles), ventilation of the spaces, and convenience of the light it provides. This

had been disseminated to different individuals that use the specific, corresponding

facilities.

In this survey, the researcher was able to know the views and the respondents’

feeling that they were currently experiencing in using their facilities.

 P a g e | 46

Interview

This tool of data gathering helped the researcher know the personal views of the

users in their facilities. The interview questions included the design that they prefer to

apply in the space, the additional equipment/ materials that they had wanted to add in their

facilities, and what they wanted to improve to have a healthy environment for the users in

general. This guide had been very helpful to understand the things that must be present

on the space considering the opinions at hand, would be coming from their viewpoint.

Sampling Design

In this research, Snowball Sampling under the Non-Probability Sampling was used

to accomplish the gathering of data in the selected facilities of Pabahay 2000. Snowball

sampling is a special non-probability method used when the desired sample characteristic

is rare. Snowball sampling relies on referrals from initial subjects to generate additional

subjects. A total of 100 respondents, including the homeowners, office staff, faculty

members of the daycare center and employees of health center who occupied the selected

facilities to the survey sheets and interviews.

 P a g e | 47

CHAPTER V

PRESENTATION OF DATA GATHERED

A. Presentation of Facts and Data

This chapter showed the result of all the methods performed to gather enough

information to help the study in Pabahay 2000. It contained photos, tables and graphs to

provide a suitable, improved explanation about the methods conducted. The first part

showed the existing floor plan and furniture layout of NHA Office, Day Care Center, Health

Center, Catholic Chapel, and Residential Unit. This provided the master key floor plan of

the spaces and existing conditions that had been shown on the pictures of the selected

facilities. The second part showed the tabulated results of the survey and interview held

by the researcher.

NHA Office Master Key Plan

Figure 4.0. Existing Master Key Plan of NHA Office

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Figure 4.0 showed the existing floor plan of National Housing Authority Office

Building. It has a total area of 141, 510 square meters, and was built to attend the needs

and concerns of people who are living in the Pabahay 2000. It was divided into different

area such as Project Manager Office, Admin & Finance Section, Estate Management

Area, Community Relations Area, Supervisor Office, Computer Room, Supply Room, File

Storage and Comfort Rooms.

Figure 5.0 Shows the existing furniture layout of NHA Office Finance Section

Figure 6.0 shows the existing furniture layout of NHA Office Finance Section

The pictures shown above were the existing conditions and furniture layout of

some areas in NHA Office. The space had a lot of different furniture pieces— chairs and

tables to name a few; some are made out of wood, while some are plastic. The images

provided had shown the area and its improper spacing, stacked papers—files and
 P a g e | 49

documents assumedly, placed messily on any surface they had deemed to be placed

upon, and poor lay outing of furniture pieces. To add, the area was crowded with its

furniture causing the traffic flow inside be difficult for the beneficiaries and NHA staff of

Pabahay 2000.

AREA DETAILS

Elements Dimension Quantity Material Color Finish

Floor

Tiles 600 mm x 600 mm Vinyl Tile White Glossy

Tiles 300 mm x 300 mm Ceramic Tile Beige Glossy

Walls

Concrete Yellow & Green Flat Paint

Gypsum Yellow & Green Flat Paint

Board

Plywood Yellow & Green Flat Paint

Ceiling

Ceiling Tile Gypsum White Flat Paint

Furniture

Office Chair 450 mm x 450 mm Plastic & Black, Gray Upholstered

Steel
 P a g e | 50

Monoblock 450 mm x 450 mm Plastic Cream White Standard

Chair

Chair 450 mm x 450 mm Metal Black & Red Upholstered,

Violet Black Chrome

Paint

Desk 800 mm x 1500 19 Wood Brown Varnish

mm/ 800 mm x

1200 mm

Computer Table 3 Wood & Black Black Paint

Metal

File Storage Metal White, Black Paint

File Rack 11 Metal, Wood White, Brown Semi- Gloss Paint

Vault 1 Metal Gray Semi- Gloss Paint

Appliances

Computer 10

Refrigerator 1

Water 2

Dispenser

Split Type 2

Aircon

Window Type 3

Aircon
 P a g e | 51

Stand Fan 2

Electric Fan 2

Lighting

Recessed 1200 mm x 300 mm

Fluorescent

Total Area: 157, 410 sqm.

Table 1.0 shows the detailed quantity breakdown of finishes, furniture pieces and fixtures

of NHA Office
 P a g e | 52

Day Care Center Master Key Plan

Figure 7.0 shows Existing Master Key Plan of Day Care Center

Pabahay 2000 Day Care Center was built to provide substitute mothering to the

pre-school children to alleviate their worries of their children’s welfare while at work. The

daycare center did not only provide the welfare of the children but also focused on the

child’s development by preparing them for elementary education.

 P a g e | 53

Figure 8.0 shows the existing furniture layout inside the Day Care Center.

The picture shown above presented the existing conditions of the Day Care Center

in Pabahay 2000. The facility measures 9.95 meters in length and 7.6 meter in width, with

a total area of 75.62 sq. meters. Some walls were only decorated with painted educational

charts; there were also chalked boards attached to the front wall of the room with an

improvised wooden platform on the floor.

AREA DETAILS

Elements Dimension Quantity Material Color Finish

Floor

Tiles 600 mm x 600 Ceramic Tile White Glossy

mm
 P a g e | 54

Cement Gray Rough Finish

Walls

Concrete Pink Semi- Gloss

Paint

Sky Blue Semi- Gloss

Paint

Jalousie Window Frosted Glass Standard

Aluminum Frame

Ceiling

Gypsum White Flat Paint

Furniture

Small Chair 300 mm x 300 Wood Light Blue Paint

mm

Monoblock Chair 450 mm x 450 Plastic Cream Standard

mm White

Chair 450 mm x 450 Metal Black & Upholstered,

mm Red Violet Black Chrome

Paint

Teacher’s Desk 1200 mm x 800 Wood Brown Varnish

mm
 P a g e | 55

Table 800 mm x 350 Wood White, Paint

mm Black

Shelf 7 Wood Pink Semi- Gloss

Paint

Appliances

Water Dispenser 1

Ceiling Fan 2

Wall Fan 1

Gas Stove 1

Lighting

Fluorescent Lamp 1200 mm x 300 Aluminum Frame Standard

mm

Total Area: 75, 620 sqm.

Table 2.0 shows the detailed quantity breakdown of finishes, furniture pieces and fixtures

of Day Care Center.

 P a g e | 56

Health Center Master Key Plan

Figure 9.0 Existing Master Key Plan of Pabahay 2000 Health Center

Figure 10 shows the Main Entrance

Figure 11 Consultation Room

There are two Health Centers in Pabahay 2000, the first being located at Phase 2

in front of the National Housing Authority while the other, being located at Phase 1 beside
 P a g e | 57

the public market. The facility located at Phase 2 measures 14.35 meters in length, and

its width in 4 meters, with a total area of 57, 400 sqm. The Health center was composed

of different rooms and areas, the waiting area wherein patients were seated as they

anticipate their turn to be accommodated, and the Doctor’s Office or the Consultation

Room to name a few. This particular room was for individuals who needed greater medical

assistance and/or needed to be confined in the patient’s room—which was located beside

the pantry.

AREA DETAILS:

Elements Dimension Quantity Material Color Finish

Floor

Tile 600 mm x 600 mm Ceramic Tile Cream White Glossy

Tile 600 mm x 600 mm Ceramic Tile Slate Glossy

Walls

Concrete Cream White Semi- Gloss

Paint

Beige Semi- Gloss

Paint

Jalousie Frosted Glass Standard

Window Aluminum Frame

 P a g e | 58

Ceiling

Gypsum White Flat Paint

Furniture

Monoblock 450 mm x 450 mm Plastic Green Standard

Chair

Table 600 mm x 1200 mm 3 Wood Brown Varnish

Shelf 350 mm x 900 mm 7 Wood Pink Semi- Gloss

Paint

Bed 900 mm x 1900 mm 3 Stainless Steel in White Fabricated

Fabricated

Leather

Appliances

Water 1

Dispenser

Television 1

Wall Fan 1

Gas Stove 1

Computer 2

Window Type 1

Aircon

Generator 1
 P a g e | 59

Lighting

Surface 150 mm x 150 mm

Mounted Bulb

Total Area: 57, 400 sqm.

Table 3.0 shows the detailed quantity breakdown of finishes, furniture pieces and fixtures
of the Health Center.

Catholic Chapel Master Key Plan

Figure 12. Existing Ground floor Master Key Plan of Immaculate Concepcion Chapel
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Figure 13. Ground Floor of Chapel

Immaculate Concepcion chapel is a Catholic chapel that was built by homeowners who

started contributing to build this particular facility. As of late, the chapel hasn’t reached its final

finishing construction due to its lack of funds. In line with this, the homeowners had begun to

conduct different fundraising projects with the help of a local government unit to continue the

finishing stages of this facility. The chapel is composed of different parts such as the nave, where

the congregations stand and/or sit during the service, and a room attached to the sanctuary where

their equipment are stored. The problem of this facility was the lax security for their equipment—

speakers and wall fans, for instance.

Figure 14. Existing Second Floor Master Key Plan of Immaculate Concepcion Chapel
 P a g e | 61

Figure 15. Second Floor of Chapel

The Second Floor of the Chapel is used by the choir members—this was the area

where they set up their musical instruments before the mass. Cluttered furniture pieces

like chairs, tables, and decorative pieces were scattered on the floor—an implication of

their lack for storage system.

AREA DETAILS

Elements Dimension Quantity Material Color Finish

Floor

Tile 600 mm x 600 mm Ceramic Tile Cream White Glossy

Tile 600 mm x 600 mm Ceramic Tile Brown Marble Glossy

Walls

Concrete Cream White Semi-

Gloss Paint
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Yellow- Semi-

Orange Gloss Paint

Ceiling

Plywood White Flat Paint

Furniture

Pews 450 mm x 3000 mm 20 Wood Brown Varnish

Monoblock Chair 450 mm x 450 mm Plastic Green, Red, Standard

White

Monoblock Table 800 mm x 800 mm 1 Plastic Green Standard

Long Chair 200 mm x 2500 mm 10 Metal Dark Brown Semi-Gloss

Paint

Display Statue 600 mm x 1800 mm 5 Wood Brown Varnish

Mic Stand 300 mm x 300 mm 2 Metal Black Semi-Gloss

Paint

Appliances

Speaker 5

Wall Fan 3

Stand Fan 4

Lighting
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Surface Mounted 150 mm x 150 mm

Bulb

Fluorescent 1200 mm x 100 mm

Lamp

Total Area: 277 760

sqm.

Table 4.0 shows the detailed quantity breakdown of finishes, furniture pieces and fixtures
of the Chapel.

Residential Unit Master Key Plan

Figure 16. Existing Master Key Plan of Residential Unit

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Figure 17. Existing Condition of Residential Unit

These pictures showed the existing condition of one of the residential units in

Pabahay 2000. The unit is owned by Mrs. Luz Valdez who is working in NHA Office as an

assistant. The figure showed the layout of furniture, inferring that the space plan was in

dire need of improvement. Due to their insufficiency of storages for their belongings,

furniture pieces, and their other personal possessions like clothes were scattered

thoughtlessly on different areas of the interior. Providing a chaotic ambience to the space.

This area served as both the living and dining room. Noticeably, there was a bed

located at the living room, considerably, this area was also used as their sleeping quarters.

According to the occupants, sleeping in the living area is more comfortable than the

bedroom because of its better ventilation.

 P a g e | 65

AREA DETAILS

Elements Dimension Quantity Material Color Finish

Floor

Tile 600 mm x 600 mm Ceramic Tile Cream White Glossy

Cement Gray Rough

Walls

Concrete Brown, Pink, Semi-

Green Gloss

Paint

Ceiling

Plywood White Flat Paint

Furniture

Plastic Chair 600 mm x 1200 mm 2 Plastic Green Standard

Plastic Table 800 mm x 800 mm 1 Plastic White Standard

Sofa 600 mm x 1500 mm 1 Wood Brown Varnish

Chair 500 mm x 500 mm 2 Wood Brown Varnish

TV Console 300 mm x 1200 mm 1 Wood Brown Varnish

Shelf 300 mm x 900 mm 1 Wood Black & White Flat Paint

 P a g e | 66

Appliances

Television 2

Wall Fan 2

Stand Fan 1

Washing Machine 1

Lighting

Surface Mounted 100 mm x 100 mm 4

Bulb

Fluorescent Lamp 1200 mm x 30 mm 1

Total Area: 277 760

sqm.

Table 5.0 shows the detailed quantity breakdown of finishes, furniture pieces and fixtures
of the Health Center.
 P a g e | 67

CHAPTER VI:

ANALYSIS

A. National Housing Authority Office

The window was

covered by brown
paper.

Documents and files

were on top of desks.

Figure 18. This picture showed the community relation area wherein their

responsibility is to take an active interest in the well-being of the community. As you

noticed, their files were scattered on their desk because they didn’t have storages for it.

Because of that, they only have limited space to work at.

There was an accordion door

between the desks.

The printing area was within

the Administration Section
surrounded by desks.

Figure 19. This picture showed the Admin & Finance Section wherein their

responsibility is to take an active interest in the well-being of the community.

 P a g e | 68

Yellow & green latex paint as

wall finish.

There is a water dispenser

and a file rack in front of the
doorway.

Small stand fan between the

desks.

Figure 20. This is another view for the Administration Section. It showed the

improper layout of furniture pieces and equipment.

Ceiling tiles in flat white finish

with recessed troffer
fluorescent light

Stand fan was located at the

passageway

Jalousie windows covered by

plywood

Vinyl tiles flooring

Figure 21. It showed here the glass entrance door of the NHA Office. The pantry

was located at the entrance in front of the Finance Area. The artificial and natural lighting

had diminished due to the worn-out, broken fluorescent lights, and the windows being

covered with paper and plywood.

 P a g e | 69

Broken fluorescent lamp and

loose ceiling tile.

Figure 22. The picture showed the area entering the Supervisor’s Office. It had a

fully-loaded file rack that blocked the lighting, and gived a crowded atmosphere.

Exposed aircon wirings.

Chair and boxes at the fire

exit door.

Figure 23. The other view when entering the Supervisor’s Office. Some area of the

Estate Management can also be seen from this standpoint. It showed here the lack of

storages for their files, and their improper layout of furniture. A conspicuous example for

this was the chair obstructing the fire exit.

 P a g e | 70

Cabinet in flat
white paint finish. Cleaning utilities
and empty boxes
were in the supply
room.

Papers were
scattered without
suitable storage.

Figure 24. The Supply Room Figure 25. The Supply Room

This is the supply/stock room of the NHA Office. This is the room where they put

and store their stock of papers, and instruments for work. This area was in a significantly

chaotic condition, as used empty boxes placed inappropriately block the natural lighting.

Although there were several cabinets and drawers provided for this area, these have not

been properly arranged according to its usage.

A refrigerator, broken air-

condition and electric fan
inside the file storage room.

Figure 26. This area shows the entrance of file storage room where they
stored the documents of the beneficiaries of Pabahay 2000.
 P a g e | 71

Jalousie type window in the

file storage room

Scattered documents

Figure 27. This was the existing condition of the file storage room in NHA Office.

The files were located everywhere without proper storage for it. On the other hand, there

were unwanted equipment placed on the windows that prevented natural lighting to pass

through. Causing inadequate lighting for the area as there was only a compact fluorescent

light provided as its artificial lighting.

B. Results of Data Gathering

National Housing Authority Office

1. Interview

Based on the interview conducted by the researcher, the Pabahay 2000 and its

spaces managed to get numerous information from the respondents. The researcher

made an interview and survey questionnaire for the different respondents—the employees

of NHA Office, Health Center, faculty members of the Day Care Center, and Homeowners

for the Chapel, and a residential unit—inquiring what past experiences have they
 P a g e | 72

encountered, and their future expectations on the premises. These were the results in the

researcher’s interviews:

According to Mrs. Cely Panganiban, the head of Administration section, their office

has been operating for more than fifteen (15) years until now, but only a few equipment

and furniture pieces have been altered due to insufficient budgetary plans. She also added

that their common problem were the storages for the documents and files they’ve been

holding from the beneficiaries of Pabahay 2000. Whenever they were inside the facility,

she and her co-workers often felt uncomfortable due to the poor ventilation in their office.

They always felt stressed due to the crowdedness that affect their services.

She said that if possible, she wanted to have more storages for the documents

with proper layout for them to easily find what they are looking for. Lastly, they wanted to

improve the design, and the natural and artificial ventilation system for their

comfortableness while working.

2. Survey

SATISFACTORY RATING OF OFFICE STAFF

SPACE PLANNING INDOOR AIR QUALITY
10% 0%

FURNITURE
20% LIGHTINGS
45%
LIGHTINGS
AESTHETIC/DESIGN
FURNITURE
SPACE PLANNING
AESTHETIC/DESIGN
25% UNDOOR AIR QUALITY

Graph 1. Survey results in the NHA Office.

 P a g e | 73

Graph 1. The graph showed the satisfactory rating of the NHA employees on the

different elements inside their office. They ranked it according to their observations

and experiences while inside the office - if it meets their satisfaction. The rating being 5

as the highest and 1 as the lowest.

It represented the result of the satisfaction of the twenty (20) Office staff, and ten

(10) Beneficiaries of Pabahay 2000 on the existing condition of the NHA Office facility. It

showed that on the Indoor Air Quality of the facility the satisfactory rating was 0%, Space

Planning with a satisfactory rating of only 10%, a considerably poor rating, furniture pieces

with a satisfactory rating of 20%, a rather fair rating, the Aesthetic and Design with a good

rating of 25%, and lastly, lightings with a satisfactory rating of 45%.

Day Care Center

Holes for window covered

with plywood in paint finish.

Paint as wall finish

Display shelves in pink paint

finish.

A large table at the entrance

Figure 28. The figure above showed the furniture layout of the day care center.

Due to the large table obstructing the passageway, the clearance was reduced to a smaller

dimension, making it difficult to enter the room.

 P a g e | 74

Scratches on the wall

Chart, stickers, and papers

were attached on the wall

Various things were placed

on top of the shelves

600 mm x 600 mm
ceramic tiles

Figure 29. The picture shows the furniture layout of the day care center. There

were several things attached on the walls that gave off a disordered appearance to the

facility. The space clearances between the shelves were rather small because of the

furniture pieces used that were too large for the space. Considering the already poor lay

outing of the interior, it only diminished the space clearances further.

Paper charts were mount on

the wall.

Wood shelf at the front part of

the room

Floor- 600 mm x 600 mm

glossy ceramic tiles as floor
finish.

Figure 30. The figure above shows the lecture area of the classroom. There was

a shelf beside the chalkboard and a wooden platform below.

 P a g e | 75

Ventilation- A jalousie window

blocked by a partition wall

Overhead wood cabinet in paint finish.

Gas stove.

Floor- Cement in
rough finish

Floor- 600 mm x 600 mm

ceramic tiles

Figure 31. This was the Pantry of the Day Care Center, this is where the faculty

members cook their food for breakfast and lunch; the space was also provided with a sink

to wash their dishes. The floor covering was different from the other, giving off an

imbalance atmosphere to the design. The pantry didn’t have a door to keep the students

safe from harm, considering the flammable equipment—the gas stove, so to speak, was

specifically located here. The pantry lacked proper exhaust as well, with the window being

obstructed by a partition wall.

Rubber mats placed above the wall.

Mirror
.
300 x 3000 mm ceramic tiles as backsplash.

Rice pot, and other utilities placed on the

counter

150 mm x 150 mm mosaic tiles as countertop

Cement in rough finish floor.

 P a g e | 76

Figure 32. This is the entrance of the wash area, the right side being the restrooms.
Their goal is to educate students in promoting cleanliness and sanitation albeit there were
a lot of clutter that can be seen in this area.

Day Care Center

1. Interview

According to Mrs. Celine Cruz, as the head faculty of the daycare center, they were

absolutely concerned about the poor thermal comfort of the facility since she has more

than 10 students in her class and they use it in the afternoon after the morning class. She

also added that they wanted to promote sanitation and orderliness to the students but was

hard to achieve since their belongings including charts, learning toys, even shelves where

they put their teaching materials were scattered everywhere without proper layout. Lastly,

she included her fellow faculty members, wanting to improve the design and the ventilation

system to be more enjoyable and for the coziness of the students while studying.

2. Survey
 P a g e | 77

SATISFACTORY RATING OF FACULTY MEMBERS

LIGHTINGS SPACE PLANNING
10% 0%

INDOOR AIR
QUALITY AESTHETIC/DESIGN
20% 40%

AESTHETIC/DESIGN

FLOOR/CEILING/WALL
ELEMENTS
INDOOR AIR QUALITY

LIGHTINGS
FLOOR/CEILING/WALL
ELEMENTS… SPACE PLANNING

Graph 2. Survey results in the Day Care Center.

Graph 2 shows the satisfactory rating of the faculty members on the different

elements of their classroom. They ranked it according to their observations and

experiences while inside the classroom if it meets their satisfaction. The rating being 5 as

the highest and 1 as the lowest.

It represented the result of the satisfaction of the ten (10) faculty members and five

(5) staff on the existing condition of the Daycare Center facility. It showed that the space

planning of the facility has a terrible satisfactory rating of 0%, Lightings with a poor

satisfactory rating of only 10%, the Indoor Air Quality with a fair satisfactory rating of 20%,

the materials used for the floor, ceiling and walls with a rather good rating of 30%. And

lastly, the aesthetic & Design where 40% of the respondents were satisfied about it.
 P a g e | 78

Health Center

Charts with plastic cover were

on the wall

Scratches and stains

Monoblock chairs were used

for the waiting area.

Figure 33. Waiting area of the health center in Pabahay 2000.

Ventilation- Wall fan

Wall in paint finish.

Ventilation – Window type

aircon

Wooden shelf in white paint

finish

Figure 34. Other view of the health center waiting area in Pabahay 2000
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Lighting- Fluorescent lamp

Built-in cabinet for medicines and

files in brown paint finish

Cooler for medicinal purposes

Desk with linoleum cover

Figure 35. Consultation room of the health center in Pabahay 2000.

Files on top of the

overhead cabinet

Wall- Cream white paint

finish.

Gas stove beside the sink

Figure 36. The Pantry of the health center in Pabahay 2000.

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Desktop Computers at the door

entrance

Plan, generator, unused aircon, fire

extinguisher and different equipment
were along the passageway towards the
fire exit

Floor- 600 mm x 600 mm glossy

ceramic tiles.

Figure 37. The patient’s room of the health center in Pabahay 2000.

The pictures above show the existing condition and problems of the Health

Center. The poor lay outing of furniture pieces blocked the passageway, decreasing

the space clearances. There were also problems in terms of materials used in this

facility, to name a few, plywood as its ceiling material, and cabinets with fabric curtains

as their cover in the pantry above the gas stove—which were both highly inflammable.

In terms of ventilation, they didn’t have an exhaust for the pantry, causing hot air to

accumulate and circulate throughout the entire area including the patient’s room,

considering there was no door separating those two (2) areas.

Health Center

1. Interview

According to Mrs. Laura Salonga, one of the employees of the health center, they

were really concerned about the small space and furniture layout of their facility. They

wanted to have an improved space plan for the facility, for them to provide better service
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for the people. She also added that they wanted to promote sanitation and orderliness

considering that this was a health facility. Lastly, they wanted to improve the design that

would aid them in their productivity, becoming a suitable facility while working.

2. Survey

SATISFACTORY RATING OF HEALTH CENTER STAFF

SPACE PLANNING
10%

LIGHTINGS
10%

AESTHETIC/DESIGN
40%

FURNITURE
AESTHETIC
20%
FLOOR/CEILING/WALL
ELEMENTS
FURNITURE

LIGHTINGS
FLOOR/CEILING/WALL
ELEMENTS SPACE PLANNING
20%

Graph 3. Survey results in the Health Center.

Graph 3. The Graph shown above represents the result of the satisfaction of the

twenty (20) samples on the existing condition of the Health Center facility. It shows that

on the Space Planning and Lightings of the facility the satisfactory rating was only 10%, a

considerably poor rating, Furniture and Floor, Ceiling, Wall Elements with a fair

satisfactory rating of 20%. Lastly, the Aesthetic with a satisfactory rating of 40%.
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Chapel

Wall- White paint finish

Blue curtain as window treatment.

Metal window grills

Monoblock table and chairs at the

entrance

600 mm x 600 mm Ceramic Tiles

Figure 38. The picture shows the entrance of the Immaculate Concepcion

Chapel.

Wall- Metal Fence as wall

Metal bars, Bamboos, and

unused tiles were piled together
at the corner of the chapel

Floor- 300 mm x 300 mm

Ceramic Tiles

Figure 39. The picture shows the entrance of the Immaculate Concepcion

Chapel.
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Ceiling – Plywood in
white paint finish

Wall – Yellow paint finish

Windows were widely

open

Figure 40. The picture above shows the altar part from the second floor of the

Immaculate Concepcion Chapel. One of the problems that can be seen in the interior of

the chapel were the materials that were used, particularly the ceiling. They used plywood

as their ceiling material, taking into account of its cheaper value compared to other

materials like gypsum, fiber cement board, and of the like. Forgetting that in terms of fire

resistance, gypsum and fiber cement board are much better in preventing any fire

hazard—bearing in mind that many people use this facility, it was more feasible to use the

aforementioned materials rather than plywood.

Wall – bare CHB

Metal grills

Curtains as window
treatment

Pews in brown
paint finish

Figure 41. The picture above shows the nave and the second-floor of the Chapel.
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Exposed wires

Uncovered wall fan

Table and chairs were

placed on the side

Long rusty metal bench

as seating for the choir

Figure 42. The picture above shows the second-floor of the Immaculate

Concepcion Chapel where the choir perform.

The Immaculate Concepcion Chapel was the only Catholic Chapel/ church in

Pabahay 2000. It was established by the homeowners through their own effort and

dedication. For that reason, they didn’t mind to hire professionals to build their chapel,

giving birth to problems than the opposite. A problem that was worth mentioning, was the

ventilation of the whole chapel. They have always complained about feeling

uncomfortable whenever inside the facility, the atmosphere getting more humid even, and

every mass. This was because of the widely open windows with few curtains as treatment.

The interior was too bright, and a wall with yellow paint finish in front just added more heat

for the people inside. The proper artificial ventilation wasn’t followed due to the scarcity of

wall fans in the facility. The caretaker stated that some of their equipment were stolen

inside the chapel a few months ago, backing up the insufficiency of the artificial ventilation.

Adding more problems for the security, due to the widely open windows, entrance would

be made easy for a thief, giving them access to their equipment. In line with this, the
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facility was in dire need to be enclosed for the security and privacy of the users— without

affecting the proper ventilation and lighting in the interior.

Chapel

1. Interview

Based on the interview conducted by the researcher, the caretaker said that they

were complaining about the security of their equipment since some of it were stolen.

In line with this, they wanted to focus on the security and privacy of their chapel.

Another factor that they stated was the thermal comfort of their facility, since it was

rather humid inside every mass. On the other hand, whenever there was a downpour,

they noticed that there were leaks on the floor due to the widely open windows in their

facility.

2. Survey
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SATISFACTORY RATING OF PARISHIONERS

VENTILATION
15%
SPACE PLANNING
26%

AESTHETIC/DESIGN
17%

SPACE PLANNING
LIGHTINGS
FLOOR/CEILING/WALL
ELEMENTS FLOOR/CEILING/WALL ELEMENTS
LIGHTINGS
20% AESTHETIC/DESIGN
22%
VENTILATION

Graph 4. Survey results of the Immaculate Concepcion Chapel.

Graph 4 shows the satisfactory rating of the parishioners and employees on the

different elements in the Chapel. They ranked it according to their observations and

experiences while inside the chapel if it meets their satisfaction. The rating being 5 as the

highest and 1 as the lowest.

It represents the result of the satisfaction of the fifty (50) samples including

parishioners and the staff about the existing condition of their Chapel. It showed that the

Ventilation or the Indoor Air Quality of the facility gathering the lowest rating with a poor

satisfactory rating of 15%. Aesthetic and Design with an also poor satisfactory rating of

only 17%, the materials used on the floor, ceiling and walls with a fair satisfactory rating

of 20%, lightings with a good satisfactory rating of 22%. And lastly, the Space Planning

where 26% of the respondents were satisfied about it.

 P a g e | 87

Residential Unit

Wall fan attached on the

showcase

Wall – Paint finish

Rubber mats as foam

Figure 43. The figure above shows the existing condition of the living area.

Light socket without

lighting fixture

Hole in ceiling

Washing machine
outside T&B

Floor- Rough
bare cement

Figure 44. The figure above shows the furniture layout of the interior of

Valdez residence.
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Boxes on top of the

closet

Marine plywood closet

Wooden bed

Figure 45. The picture shows the cluttered closet in the Master Bedroom.

Wall fan

Wall – wallpaper finish

Figure 46. The picture shows some of the areas in the Master Bedroom.
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Trashes such as plastics

bottles, and boxes in the
storage room

Wood as base where plastic

bottles and boxes were
placed.

Figure 47. Cluttered condition of storage room.

Pictures above show one of the housing units in Pabahay 2000 that was owned

by a family with three (3) members. There were a lot of problems that can be seen from

the photos presented above. One of these was the poor arrangement of furniture pieces

that resulted in small space clearances. You will be able to see this problem when entering

the unit. There were numerous things scattered and positioned on the wrong areas. They

didn’t have proper trash bins to throw their garbage as well. There was a flat surface in

the living area where family members lay down while watching T.V. There was also an

awkward ceiling decoration made up of shells when entering the residential unit. Another

problem that can be seen was the lighting. The interior of the house was rather dark due

to the placement of windows; in low-cost housing, many were limited and didn’t apply the

proper layout of artificial lighting. There were eight (8) fluorescent lamps in the house but

only four (4) light fixtures were working. Lastly, the main problem was them not having

proper storage for their clothes and other belongings, emanating then a somewhat untidy

look in different areas as what pictures have shown.

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Residential

1. Interview

According to Mrs. Luz Valdez, as the owner of one of the residential units in

Pabahay 2000, she was really concerned about the proper storages of their files and

clothes that were scattered and cluttered everywhere without proper layout. She also

complaining about the poor ventilation and lighting for their house because they only have

a few windows. She wanted to improve the ventilation and organization of the furniture

pieces and belongings for their coziness while staying at home after a day’s worth of

exhausting work.

2. Survey

SATISFACTORY RATING OF HOMEOWNERS

SPACE PLANNING
5%
INDOOR AIR QUALITY
12%

FLOOR/CEILING/WALL
ELEMENTS
48%
LIGHTINGS
17% FLOOR/CEILING/WALL
ELEMENTS
AESTHETIC/DESIGN

LIGHTINGS

INDOOR AIR QUALITY

AESTHETIC/DESIGN
18% SPACE PLANNING

Graph 5. Survey results of the Residential Unit.

Graph 5 shows the satisfactory rating of the homeowners about their satisfactory

rating while inside their homes. They ranked it according to their observations and
 P a g e | 91

experiences while inside if it meets their satisfaction. The rating being 5 as the highest

and 1 as the lowest.

It represented the result of the satisfaction of the ten (10) homeowners of the

Pabahay 2000. It showed that the space planning of the units got the lowest rating with a

poor satisfactory rating of 5%, the Indoor Air Quality with an also poor satisfactory rating

of only 12%, the lightings with a fair satisfactory rating of 17%, aesthetic and design with

an also fair satisfactory rating of 18%. And lastly, the materials used in floors, walls and

ceiling where 48% of the respondents were satisfied about it.

 P a g e | 92

CHAPTER VII

SYNTHESIS

Concept:

The Hannover Principles are a set of maxims that encourage the design

professions to take sustainability into consideration. The Hannover Principles aim to

provide a platform upon which designers can consider how to adapt their work toward

sustainable ends. Designers include all those who change the environment with the

inspiration of human creativity. Design implies the conception and realization of human

needs and desires.

“If design is the first signal of human intention, our intention today can be to love

all ten billion people who will live on our planet by 2050. We can do this. If we imagine and

embrace our cities as part of the same organism as the countryside, the rivers and the

oceans, then we can celebrate ourselves, all species and the natural systems we support

and that support us. This is our design assignment. If we are principled and have positive

goals, we can rise to this occasion. It will take us all; it will take forever—that is the point.”

(William Mcdonough of Hannover Principles: Design for Sustainability)

The Researcher wants to show the proper way of organizing the spaces and,

propose wide space planning to maximize the functionality and flexibility of the areas.

Since the study is proposed to the Pabahay 2000 Community, who is living and working

with a critical system, it is very ideal to propose a design solution that suits and matches

the lifestyle they have, and to help them improve their efficiency and method of living,

paving way for better performance results.

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Since the goal of the study was to provide an interior space that will consider the

protection of the natural environment, and of the individuals, the researcher has come up

with the concept that will support the theory of the study—considering the connection of

human beings and its natural environment, and the lifestyle of the Pabahay 2000

Community.

Figure 48. Concept Board

The concept derived from the historical phrase, “Perla del Mar de Oriente”, which

was originally and purposely coined for the Philippines during the Spanish colonization.

Which was then translated by the Americans, dubbing the native land as to what the

general knows today, Pearl of the Orient Seas.

Since then, Perla del Mar De Oriente (Philippines) has become known for its

abundance in marine resources—where the biggest pearl known to date has cultivated—

and in culture, and other natural resources. The country was well-renowned for its 7,107

islands, covering famous awestriking locations. Taking into mind these well-known natural
 P a g e | 94

heritage sites of the Philippines, various spaces from Pabahay 2000 were integrated to

create a blissful environment where users can be effectively stimulated with their daily

tasks at hand. From these kinds of interiors, individuals can be able to feel the atmosphere

of being on different local places that would reconnect them to the natural world. In line

with this, every individual in the community would then be aware of the places here in the

country they weren’t fully attentive of before. This would also pave way to better

understand the preservation of natural elements while giving extra thoughtful care of the

environment as well. The existing classical environment combined with the new and

modern Filipino look of the areas created a design where interesting forms and features

of structures inspired by the Philippine’s natural heritage sites were situated were

considered.

Rationale

The ambiance and the color scheme served as the design elements of the interior.

It was represented by the indoor plants and local raw materials that were used for the

interior. The indoor plants in the spaces enhanced the natural air cooling of the space,

and with the help of certain types of plants, it would cleanse the air inside the room.

Beyond the application of a good design that helped create a better facility, was the real

essence of using sustainable design to improve the health and well-being of the students

and faculty of the community. This would have engaged the community of Pabahay 2000

to nature through sustainable design and its perceptions to be aware and responsible in

choosing materials that will lower the emissions and toxicity that harm the environment.

The theory and concept were applied to the design—when man is exposed to

natural environment, it will restore their attention and help them refocus on the tasks and
 P a g e | 95

activities they are undertaking. As a result, increasing their productivity with a better way

of conserving natural energy—flowing with nature in the interior, and to maximize the

function and the flexibility of the areas with an improved atmospheric vibe. Most of all, it

helped provide better performance, a healthier lifestyle and, preservation of the needs of

both man and its nature.

A. SOLUTION PER AREA

NHA Office

Figure 49. Proposed Floor Plan

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Figure 50. Perspective and Material Board

1. Space Planning

Through the effective gathering of facts and other necessary data needed in this

study, the entire area of the National Housing Authority Office was maximized according

to the user’s need. Figure (49) shows an efficient furniture layout in the space for a more

organized system. As observed in the illustration, the proponent of this study created

proficient pathways for better traffic flow considering this office was known to be one of

the busiest areas in the study. Comfortable furniture pieces, work stations, and a staff

pantry were included to the space. The proposed space planning of the interior was

maximized due to its functionality, with the standard clearances for each furniture to give

more flexibility and comfort for the occupants.

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2. Furniture & Fixture

Furniture pieces in NHA Office were retained, refurbished, recycled, and upcycled into

new furniture. These were an improved procedure in conserving natural resources and

promoting sustainability. Only a few were bought in the local market with a reasonable

price. Each space was provided with simple yet efficient furniture pieces made from non-

VOC and non -toxic materials for the people. The office chairs were reupholstered using

coconut’s brown coir fiber. Customized furniture pieces were all designed in Filipino style.

Some seating was made of metal and hard plastic such as, monoblocs—that were known

to be harmless to the environment, and was durable and easy to maintain. Shelves made

from metal and built-in storages in white paint finish were also provided to employ a less-

cluttering, hassle-free, organized workspace.

3. Materials & Finishes

Color Scheme

The color scheme of this office was inspired by the Banaue Rice Terraces in

Benguet. The office interior characterized this heritage site by the palette of lush greens

and neutral colors, such as brown and white.

Ceiling

The ceiling was designed with acoustic purposes for the better sound insulation in

the interior using gypsum board.

Wall

Generally, for all of the walls, each room was painted with a green tone, partnering

it with neutral colors. Skirting was put to hide the imperfections on the floor. The walls
 P a g e | 98

were painted with Davies Bio-fresh Series, semi-gloss as finish. For natural ventilation,

plants were placed on the wall beside the window to serve as the filter when the air flows

inside the room. The air will be filtered by the plants and will provide a natural air cooling

in the space that would then improve the ventilation and the indoor quality of the interior.

The proponent applied embossed layers of plywood on one side of the area’s wall,

creating an accent wall, that was painted in green and covered with grass that symbolized

the rice terraces.

Floor

The proponent used 600 x 600 mm matte light gray vinyl tiles as floor finish for

sound absorption and to avoid individuals who are using the facility from slipping.

4. Lighting and Ventilation

The combination of warm white and daylight luminaires greatly affected the entire

design space, creating a variation to enhance the mood and work efficiency of every user.

The natural ventilation was maximized by letting in natural airflow in the interior by moving

the window in the right place.

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Health Center

Figure 51. Proposed Floor Plan and Furniture Layout

Figure 52. Perspective and Material Board

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1. Space Planning

The space planning of the Health Center was improved, making its plan more

organized and flexible with better traffic flow for the staff, giving them a calm and

comfortable feeling.

2. Furniture & Fixture

For the furniture of the Health Center, most of the desk, chairs, and shelves were

retained but refinished with Non-VOC varnish and paint for natural and sustainable

purposes. For the waiting and consultation area, benches made from recycled wood and

bamboos, finished by indigenous material that nurtured its resourcefulness, matching the

concept, were placed to accommodate more patients. As for the patients’ room, a curtain

made from abaca fiber was provided that served as partition for their privacy.

3. Materials & Finishes

Color Scheme

The color scheme of the Health Center facility was inspired by the majestic Maria

Cristina Falls. The Health Center interior characterized this heritage site by its ability to

generate electricity with a palette of strong, gushing blue waters, tough tape gray stone,

and lush green forest with a combination of white color that represented the purity of the

water.
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Ceiling

The ceiling was made from ¼ “thick gypsum board, and was painted with flat,

odorless, white latex paint to represent the cleanliness of the health center based on the

color scheme. Gypsum boards can be used as a sound barrier, not only that, it also has

fire resistance, and energy-saving qualities.

Wall

As what the color scheme specified, walls were finished with white and a shade of

blue in Non - VOC paint finish. The blue shade would help keep the interior cool and emit

a relaxing atmosphere to the staff while working. It also provided a similar ambience as

with Maria Cristina Falls. There were also bulletin boards that were built on the walls where

organized charts were displayed onto, making the walls look tidier, organized and less

messy.

Floor

Similar to the Day Care Center, the existing 600 mm x 600 mm ceramic tiles floor

finish of the facility were retained considering the flooring was still in good condition. Its

purpose was to minimize the cost in construction and labor as well. The presence of indoor

plants like spider plant, ficus and peace lily would help reduce the emerging harmful

compounds from new finished materials.

4. Lighting and Ventilation

The fluorescent lamp and CFL that were both harmful to people due to its high

emission of mercury, were replaced by LED lights to conserve more energy. Its layout was

changed for a better light distribution. The window type aircon was replaced with a more
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efficient split type air-condition unit for better indoor air quality—considering that the

existing window type was blocking the window, preventing natural ventilation and natural

light to pass through.

Day Care Center

Figure 53. Proposed Floor Plan

Figure 54. Perspective and Material Board

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1. Space Planning

In the Day Care Center layout, the teachers’ table was located where she can

monitor the students’ activities. Unlike from the existing furniture layout, where the display

shelves blocked the view of the teacher, as well as the passageway, the proponent

separated the study area, and the area for bookcases and display to provide better traffic

flow in the room. Table and chairs were proposed to the recreational area where students

can play with their classmates, developing their social interaction and communication skills

towards each other.

2. Furniture & Fixture

For the furniture of the Daycare Center, most of the existing display shelves were

retained but were refinished in Non-VOC paints for natural and sustainable purposes. For

the study area, new chairs were placed to accommodate more students. Indigenous

material matched the concept and nurtured the resourcefulness of the said material. For

the teachers’ area, the existing table was retained but refinished with non-VOC varnish.

For the recreational area, the proponent placed a planter beside the widely opened

window to maximize the use of natural light every morning. Bringing nature in the interior

by placing indoor plants inside. It will not just provide an indoor air quality to the space,

but will also educate the students the importance of plants in our environment.

3. Materials & Finishes

Color Scheme
 P a g e | 104

The color scheme of this facility was inspired by the Tubbataha Reef. The day care

center interior characterized this heritage site by the palette of a water seascape interior,

done up by varying shades of blue to create an ocean-inspired gradience.

Ceiling

The ceiling was designed with a ¼ ‘’ gypsum board flat ceiling using Tulle White

low- VOC latex paint. Adding some shades of blue as its finish to give off a wider and

serene ambiance to the space.

Wall

According to researchers, the front wall of the classroom should be in a darker

color to absorb the glares that both the natural light and artificial light produce. The study

area where the chalkboard was attached on the wall was painted in Dark Blue shade to

serve as an accent wall that was painted in Low- Voc Stratford Blue paint in wavy line

paint texture—imitating the oceans’ waves to represent the rich marine life of the

Tubbattaha reef. The other wall was painted in the shade of green that portrayed the

greeneries in the layer. The green shade of paint also helped eliminate the stress of the

students, as well as the faculty members. Considering the psychological effect, the color

green emits—relaxation to one’s body and mind.

Floor

The 600 mm x 600 mm glossy ceramic tiles existing floor finish of the facility were

retained. Since the floor was accident-prone due to its glossy finish, the proponent placed

recyclable rubber mats on the floor as a non-skid material. The rubber mats would also

help maintain the existing floor, reducing the possible scratches and impact of fallen

objects. It can also help insulate sound to achieve a conducive environment.

 P a g e | 105

4. Lighting and Ventilation

The artificial lighting of the space was all replaced by LED lights. The positioning

of artificial lighting and ventilation were also changed for better lighting and indoor air

quality distribution inside the facility, maximizing the natural lightings as well. The

proponent changed the positioning of the window in the pantry, serving as an exhaust to

prevent smoke accumulated from cooking to circulate all over the interior.

Chapel

Figure 55. Proposed Floor Plan

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Figure 56. Perspective and Material Board

1. Space Planning

The Immaculate Concepcion Chapel space layout was reorganized in its most

functional and effective distribution. The nave where pews and different seating were

located were rearranged to meet the ease of traffic flow, coziness for the individuals who

were using the facility, and effective functionality. The proponent made sure that all furniture

will maximize its uses, preventing any unnecessary waste of natural elements, keeping in

mind that conservation of natural resources should be highly considered.

2. Furniture & Fixture

Furniture pieces especially church pews were refinished using polyurethane that has

low emission of harmful chemicals. The chairs that will be used by the choir were reused

and upcycled to maximize the use of existing resources—minimizing the cost of

construction.
 P a g e | 107

3. Materials & Finishes

Color Scheme

One of the compatible places that can relate to this chapel was the Arroceros

Forest Park in Ermita, Manila. This representation was fit for the concept and theory,

providing the feeling of being in contact with nature for the occupants. Every area has a

different and related color palette depending on the place they represent to maintain the

connection through the design. There were three basic colors that were used as this area’s

color palette. The neutral color of wooden brown, giving of a Filipino ambiance, the accent

wall of pistachio green on the the altar’s wall to emphasize the trees of the forest park.

Ceiling

The proponent maintained the ceiling material of ¼ “thick plywood to reduce the

cost for construction, considering that plywood is an applicable material for the chapel. It

would also save time as this material is always readily available in nearby hardware stores.

The ceiling was painted in flat latex white finish to represent purity based on the color

scheme.

Wall

The Chapel has a wide opening on both sides with only metal grills serving as its

exterior walls, amplifying the heat from the sun as it passes through the interior. One of

the problems they were also facing was the security of their equipment as the facility was

widely open to the public. In line with this, the proponent proposed a design that would

control the amount of light and heat entering the Chapel, as well as to ensure the security

of their equipment inside. The proponent enclosed some wall and designated two

openings per column. The windows were treated with blinds made up of bamboos—
 P a g e | 108

abandoned at the corner of the chapel, but were in considerable fine condition. The wall

was treated in pastel color paint based on the color scheme.

Floor

The existing floor finish of the Chapel—600 mm x 600 mm Homogenous tiles were

retained due to its fine condition. Raw finish namely cement finish was used as floor

covering in the second-floor, limiting the budget from purchasing cheap, low quality tiles.

In cement finish, it can withstand the heavy traffic and could maintain the coolness and

warmness of the place. It also has acoustical property that could help minimize the noise.

Indoor plants like snake plants were also present in the interior to eliminate odor and other

harmful chemicals.

4. Lighting and Ventilation

The caretaker said that they used fluorescent light and incandescent lighting

during the time the Chapel was built. So, as to promoting sustainable, eco-friendly design,

their existing lights were replaced by LED ones. With the use of LED lights, the electricity

consumption will be lessened, make the users feel cooler due to its color as well. The

layout of the artificial lighting has been distributed responsibly. The proponent put more

artificial ventilation like wall fans to provide better indoor air quality for the coziness of the

users.
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Residential

Figure 57. Proposed Floor Plan

Figure 58. Perspective and Material Board

1. Space Planning

The spaces were reorganized in its most functional and effective allocation.

Different portions of the spaces, such as the living area, bedrooms, and kitchen were
 P a g e | 110

rearranged to meet the ease of traffic flow, coziness for the individuals who were using

the space, and effective functionality. New windows that were non-existent to the space

were also introduced to this area, providing natural light that will help the residence to

conserve more energy. The researcher placed an adequate number of cabinets and

shelves to provide suitable amount of space needed for traffic flow and storages.

2. Furniture & Fixture

Most furniture pieces in the residential area were refurbished, recycled, and

upcycled into new furniture, as a way of conserving natural resources. Only a few were

bought in the local market with a reasonable price. The space was provided with simple,

yet efficient furniture and built-ins made from natural, non - VOC and non - toxic materials

for the people. The proponent made recycled furniture using renewable local materials

such as bamboo and marine plywood— reducing the cost of construction. Furniture design

style were all Filipino— integrating the people to love and maximize the use of local-owned

raw materials than imported ones.

Materials and Finishes

Ceiling

The proponent also maintained the ceiling material— ¼ “thick plywood to reduce

any unnecessary expenses, such as transportation, as it is easily purchased from nearby

hardware stores, and are fairly easy to transport to places as well. Another factor was the

cost of construction, as it was a ready-applicable affordable material for a residential unit.

The ceiling was painted in flat latex white finish to help the light distribution in the interior.
 P a g e | 111

Wall

For all of the walls in the residential unit, each room was painted with a tone of

green, complementing it with neutral colors. Baseboard using paint were applied to hide

the imperfections on the floor and walls. These were painted in odorless and non-VOC

semi-gloss paint finish. It also gave additional design to the walls so as to not look too

plain. For natural ventilation, plants were placed on a hole for ventilation between the

dining area and kitchen to serve as the filter when the air flows inside the room, the air will

be filtered by the plants and will provide a natural air cooling in the space that improve the

ventilation and the indoor quality of the interior. For partition wall between the dining and

living, the proponent made a customized partition made up of recycled bamboo and wood

from old furniture pieces.

Floor

The existing floor finishes of the Residential Unit were polished and retained to

limit the budget from getting cheap, low quality tiles. Cement finish can withstand heavy

traffic, and maintain the coolness and warmness of the place. It also has acoustical

property that could help minimize the noise. Indoor plants like snake plants were also

presented in the interior to eliminate odor and other harmful chemicals.

4. Lighting and Ventilation

The design maximized the natural elements as much as possible such as natural

light and air. With the use of LED, and maximization of the natural light, unlike the existing

lighting layout using Fluorescent lamps, that are quite known for its detrimental effect on
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humans, the consumer’s electricity rate would be reduced to a minimal rate as it appeals

with the sustainable life needed. On the other hand, the proponent removed the plywood

that were obstructing the windows in the kitchen and laundry area and replaced it with a

fixed louver for constant flow airflow to the interior.

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CHAPTER VIII

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

This study signified the interaction of human with nature. Its purpose was to

describe how important the natural resources on Earth were, and thus must bare in mind

the importance of conserving it.

The interpretation included the finalized model of the concepts of Hannover

Principles through the responsible application of design in the environment that will

enlighten each user about the importance of nature in life. Finally, limitations and

implications of this study were discussed in correlation to the interior design education,

practice, and research.

Most discussion to this study was about the environmental aspects of the

exposition address human, and natural needs. To further explain, these two subjects were

inseparable from one another. A whole new kind of philosophy on the connection to the

surrounding world needs to be established to break through the barrier of dualistic thinking

by instructing and training every individual of Pabahay 2000 to be accountable in utilizing

natural elements and giving respect to nature, itself.

Henceforth, this would give a large influence not only for the chosen spaces, but

also to the whole community of the Pabahay 2000, promoting sustainable design, and

less-waste environment that will improve its facilities; taking into consideration the

potential hazards of careless, poorly planned design that could cause unnecessary harm

and problem for the present, and future generations.

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Conclusion

The researcher therefore concluded that the goal of the design concept and the

design theory were applied efficiently to the Pabahay 2000 Community. Through this

study, with the application of interior design, it provided the needs and protection of both

man and its environment. Living in a stressful world, it was important to create a better

lifestyle, while addressing its sustainable needs. At the same time, save the environment

from the harmful effects brought also by individuals, themselves. With an understanding

of the limitations of design, it was admittedly that no creation made by man would last for

a lifetime, and thus design does not solve all problems.

Through the use of Hannover Principles, the work environment would be more

comfortable—this would play a major role on motivating every individual that will lead to

an increase in productivity in a satisfied working environment. It reaches the desired effect

of the study to provide an interior that maximizes the function of the spaces through the

use of indoor plants to improve indoor air quality of the spaces but, most of all, to connect

nature with the occupants. Studies suggested that doing this will give more efficient result

in their performances.

Recommendation

This study believes that the best ideas come from raw beginnings. It is never too late to

save the environment for this is a major way for humanity itself, to survive. People should

always consider the effect that would bring in nature, by using different efficient costly eco-

friendly materials and finishes—that are harmless to people. The researcher believed that
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the love and care for nature can be expressed in various ways. It doesn’t need to be vast

that the whole world’s commitment must be chartered.

This study was not only for the practice of interior design but also, for everyone’s ordinary

little ways that can repay nature for sustaining human life.

Always consider the people who will use the space in creating an intergenerational space,

know what they want and need. It is important to observe the way they interact with the

space.

Think of a new innovation to improve the design/ furniture by using affordable yet durable

materials that are not harmful to the environment.

The use of solar panels not only to lessen the rate of electricity bills, but also to maximize

the use of natural energy.

 APPENDICES

PLANS AND ELEVATIONS

 Survey Sheet
The following were the set of questions that were given to homeowners, daycare faculty

members, employees of health center facility and office employees of the Pabahay 2000. The

advocate of this study conducted a survey to a specific number of 100 respondents to represent

the entire populace of the community.

Name (Optional): Date:

Gender:

These questions are for research and study purposes. Kindy answer the questions below.

Write ( ∕) if the given question or situation suit on your experience in your place.

1. Are you aware in Sustainable Eco-Friendly Design?

___ Yes ___ No

2. Do you know the causes of pollution that result in climate change and global

warming?

___ Yes ___ No

3. Do you think, having a Healthier and Sustainable environment can have great impact

when it comes in doing your daily tasks?

___ Yes ___ No ___ Have no idea about Healthy and Sustainable Environment

4. Do you think, having a sustainable and conducive environment can affect your

productivity?

___ Yes ___ No ___ I’m not aware

5. Does light distribution affects your tasks?

___Yes ___ No

6. Are you satisfied and comfortable in your study/working environment experiences in

your school/office/house?

___Yes ___ No ___Slight satisfied

If your answer in no.6 is NO, then why?

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

7. Rate the Ventilation System of the space.

__ Excellent __Very Good __ Fair ___ Poor

8. Check the factors that can affect your focus on your tasks while using (Residential,

Educational, Institutional, Commercial) Facilities.

Arrange it base on your criteria 8 – Highest and 1 is the lowest

___ Aesthetically Design Rooms ___ Working area allowances or Spaces

___ Nature - Friendly Environment ___ Quiet Environment

___ Long –Term Use of Materials ___ Has Proper Waste Management

___ Good Traffic Flow ___ Comfortability of space

9. Put check if proper application was observed by the following:

___Proper Waste Management System ___ Comfortable Furniture

___ Good Lighting ___ Proper Ventilation/ Air Flow

___ Good design on the facility ___ The materials used in interior are

appropriate to the facility

___ Eco-friendly

10. Put check if the material/s is/are

available in the space.

Floor Wall Ceiling Appliances/

Equipment
Tiles Acoustic Panel Acoustic Tile/Panel Aircon
Wood Wallpaper Gypsum Air Cooler
Vinyl Paint Plywood Electric fan
Concrete Plywood
Linoleum Gypsum
Stone
Interview Guide

The following were the set of guide questions that were asked to different people of the Muzon

Pabahay:

1. What are the common problems that you can see in different facilities in your

community?

2. What do you think is the reason to that problem?

3. Are the designs of the facilities affect your daily tasks?

4. Do you think that the proper materials were used in constructing and designing the

facilities?

5. What can you suggest to achieve sustainable and environmentally friendly community?

6. What solutions/recommendations can you give to solve the problems of your community

in terms of design values and principles?

Observation Guide

In order to apply the Hannover Principles to the Muzon Pabahay 2000, the researcher had first

identified the problems and how the problems were being formed.

⚫ The researcher must first observe the workspace of the facilities.

⚫ The researcher must observe how people interact/ utilize the space.

⚫ The researcher must observe the traffic flow of the space.

⚫ The researcher must observe if the standard design has been properly applied to the space.

⚫ The researcher must observe if there is a good ventilation system inside the space

⚫ The researcher must observe the distribution of lights inside the space.
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