ANOVA

LECTURE:

Table 1 lists birth weights of infants based on the smoking status of mothers.

a. What type of study design applies to the data?

- One-way ANOVA
b. Explore the data with side-by-side plots. Discuss the results of your graphical
exploration
c. Calculate group means and standard deviation. Relate these summary statistics to
your graphical exploration.

d. Is there a difference in the mean birth weight of infants according to the smoking status of
mothers? Conduct a one-way analysis of variance on these data.

1. hypothesis Ho: There is no significant difference in the mean birth weight

of infants according to the smoking status of mothers.
Ha: There is a significant difference in the mean birth weight
of infants according to the smoking status of mothers.
2. level of significance 0.05
3. test One-way ANOVA
4. critical region N/A
5. computation

6. statistical decision the computed p-value is less than 0.05, thus reject Ho.
7. conclusion There is a significant difference in the mean birth weight of
infants according to the smoking status of mothers.
 e. Perform a multiple comparison test using the SPSS and show the results.

LABORATORY:
1. Three strains of mouse were studied under 2 environmental conditions for their performance in a
maze test. The error scores for the 48 mice were recorded as follows:
STRAIN
ENVIRONMENT
BRIGHT MIXED DULL
FREE 28 12 33 83 101 94
22 23 36 14 33 56
25 10 41 76 122 83
36 86 22 58 35 23
RESTRICTED 72 32 60 89 136 120
48 93 35 126 38 153
25 31 83 110 64 128
91 19 99 118 87 140

Use α=0.01 level of significance to test the hypotheses that

a. There is no difference in error scores for different environments
b. There is no difference in error scores for different strains
c. There is no interaction between the environment and the strains of mice

1. hypothesis a. Ho: There is no significant difference in error scores

for different environments
Ha: There is a significant difference in error scores for
different environments
b. Ho: There is no significant difference in error scores
for different strains
Ha: There is a significant difference in error scores for
different strains
c. Ho: There is no significant interaction between the
environment and the strains of mice
Ha: There is a significant interaction between the
environment and the strains of mice
 2. level of 0.01
significance
3. test Two-way ANOVA
4. critical region N/A
5. computation

6. statistical a. the computed p-value is less than 0.01, thus reject Ho.
decision b. the computed p-value is equal to 0.01, thus reject Ho
c. the computed p-value is greater than 0.01, thus do not
reject Ho
7. conclusion a. There is a significant difference in error scores for
different environments
b. There is a significant difference in error scores for
different strains
c. There is no significant interaction between the
environment and the strains of mice

2. Six anesthesized pigs were opened and their kidneys cooled, one by infusing cold saline
(treatment 1) and the other by packing in ice (treatment 2). Temperature ( in degrees Celcius)
was measured at baseline (time 1) and at 5(time 2), 10 (time 3) and 15(time 4) minutes. Because
one kidney was cooled from the outside and the other from the inside, the depth of measurement
would be expected to be relevant. However for the purpose of illustrating a 2 factor- ANOVA,
temperatures at the two depths are taken as just further replications so that 2 depths on 6 pigs
allows 12 replications (n) from which to calculate means for each treatment and time
combinations. The data are as follows:
Baseline (0 5 min 10 min 15 min Across time
minutes)
Cold saline 34.4000 31.9417 28.7000 27.9583 30.7500
ice 36.1167 16.9500 10.3833 7.5000 17.7375
Over 35.2583 24.4458 19.5417 17.7292 24.2438
treatments

Use α=0.01 level of significance and test the following hypotheses

a. There is a significant difference in the treatments applied
b. There is a significant difference in the duration of cooling
c. There is a significant interaction between the treatments and the time of cooling
 1. hypothesis a. Ho: There is no significant difference in the
treatments applied
Ha: There is a significant difference in the
treatments applied
b. Ho: There is no significant difference in the
duration of cooling
Ha: There is a significant difference in the
duration of cooling
c. Ho: There is no significant interaction
between the treatments and the time of
cooling
Ha: There is a significant interaction between
the treatments and the time of cooling
d. level of significance 0.01
e. test Repeated Measures ANOVA
f. critical region N/A
g. computation

h. statistical decision a.
b. conclusion a.

3. Three large hospitals agreed to a cooperative study of lab costs by hospital service. In each
hospital a patient on each of the various service wards was selected at random and lab fees were
monitored. The data is shown below:
Surgery ward Medicine ward Pediatrics ward OB/gyne ward
Hospital 1 44 59 60 41
Hospital 2 33 19 49 71
Hospital 3 44 40 45 31
1. Is there a difference in the means of the various services? Let α=0.05.

1. hypothesis a. Ho: There is no significant difference in

the means of the various services
Ha: There is a significant difference in the
means of the various services
 2. level of significance 0.05
3. test Two-way ANOVA
4. critical region N/A
5. computation

6. statistical decision c.
7. conclusion b.

4. In a study to evaluate hypoglycemic effectiveness, each of the 5 maturity onset diabetics was
given a treatment that consisted solely of dieting, a treatment consisting of Chlorpropamide
(100mg/dAY)vand one that consisted of Chlorpropamide (200mg/day). Theorder of
administration of each treatment was assigned at random. At the end of the specified time period,
HbA1c was determined and the following data were obtained.
Patient Diet alone Chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide
(100mg/day) (200mg/day)
1 8 5 5
2 7 6 5
3 9 8 7
4 7 5 5
5 8 6 7

5. In a study conducted to compare the effects of 3 different drugs on the alleviation of anxious
depression in the nonpsychotic patient. 12 nonpsychotic patients all suffering from moderate to
severe depression and anxiety were assigned at random to the 3 treatment groups. A combined
anxiety and depression score as determined by the MMPI and Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale was
recorded for each participant at the end of 1 week of therapy.
Initial Severity Level Drug A Drug B Drug C
1 35 30 25
2 40 25 20
3 25 25 20
4 30 25 25
a. Do the data suggest that there is a difference in anxiety/depression scores for the 3 drugs let
α=0.05.
b. If so, which drugs are different?