VISV1

Vasundhara: IJENAS Special volume 1 (VISV 1)
October, 2015
Published by:
CREESS, IJENAS
(www.ijenas.com)
Cover design: Mr. Anindya Mitra

Kolkata, India
Special Volume 1, October 2015 1

About us (CREESS-IJENAS Family)
CREESS (Centre for Research in Ecology Environment and Social Sciences), the
publisher of International Journal of Environment and Natural Sciences (IJENAS),
is a non government reseach organisation with thrust areas in ecology,
environment, conservation and sustainable development, and IJENAS (ISSN:
2349-3763) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal. It seeks original research
papers from all aspects of environmental studies in particular, and from natural
sciences having direct bearing on increased understanding of environment, in
general. The journal encourages research papers from interdisciplinary areas.
The Journal has got indexation from two agencies and waiting from many more.
From 2014, CREESS-IJENAS is working to create environmental awareness

among the masses. On the occasion of World Earth Day-2015, our online radio
channel, Radio-MotherNature was launched in order to talk about Environmental
issues and we have a Youtube video channel too.
During last autumn, 2014, we conducted ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENTARY

SHORT FILM CONTEST, STORY THROUGH LENSES–1 (EDSFC STL-1) and got
huge response. Again, On the occasion of World Environment Day-2015, we
conducted EDSFC STL-2 and got response from all over the world. Best videos
were uploaded on our youtube channel and makers were also felicitated.
We are lucky to have Prof. Abhik Gupta, Dean, School of Environmental Sciences,
Assam University, Silchar and Dr. Susmita Gupta, Department of Ecology and
Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar as our chief advisors.
Our editorial-cum-advisory board includes a well equiped team of scientists and

researchers from different parts of the world. We have Dr. Randhir Kumar (Life
Science BHU), Dr. Sanjay Kumar Gupta (Durban University of Technology South
Africa), Dr. Vertika Shukla (CSIR-NBRI), Dr. Mukhtar Sheikh (SED Govt. of Jammu
& Kashmir), Dr. D. K. Satnami (DHSGU), Dr. Arvind Prajapati (GGU Forestry and
Environmental Science), Dr. Prabuddh Kr. Mishra (Geography University of
Delhi), Dr. Girish Gopinath (Scientist Geomatics Div. CWRDM Kerala), Dr. Tara
Chandra Ram (Botany BHU), Dr. Santosh Joshi (CSIR-NBRI), Dr. Raj S. Singh
(commonwealth Fellow UK and Delegtion Scientist Germany Principal Scientist
and Associate Professor), CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research,
Dhanbad, Mr. Rakesh Soud (Wildlife Conservationist IIT Guwahati Assam), Dr.

Tarun Thakur (Assistant Professor IGNTU Madhya Pradesh), Dr. Nimisha
Tripathi (Invited Faculty School of Sciences University of Greenwich Kent UK),
and Dr. Bijita Barman (Researcher Assam University Silchar). Dr. Bijita Barman is
also our Editor for Assamese section of “Vasundhara”. Recently Ms. Gargi Biswas
(SRF NIT Durgapur) has joined in Editing Division as Technical Assistant.
Our Environmental Documentary Section has been strengthened by gracious

presence of Mr. Amit Behl (Actor/Director Mumbai), Mr. Iqbal Azad (Actor/
Director Mumbai), Mr. Kishor D. Kumar (Editor/Director Mumbai), and Mr.
Swarup Purkayastha (Actor/Singer/Director Silchar/Kolkata).
For more details, you can visit our website:

www.ijenas.com

From The Desk of Editor –in-Chief,
– IJENAS &
A Climate Reality Leader
Dear Readers,
It is a proud moment to share with you all that a special issue ‘VASUNDHARA’ is
published this autumn. This is the festive season which again reminds us the
deep bondage between our beliefs, culture, festivals, and traditions with sense of
journey and efforts
rts to raise ourselves, to save, and to nourish ourselves - the
Human Beings.
It was always in our mind since the inception of IJENAS to publish something
which is not purely scientific and be in a language which we all can understand
and appreciate and find out our relationships with nature. VASUNDHARA is a
step towards this. We are overwhelmed and would like to thank the authors who
contributed for this first issue of VASUNDHARA. You would be glad to know that
our first issue covers variety of topics starting
arting from poetry, prose, comments,
stories etc. From now onwards we would try to bring the regular issues of
VASUNDHARA which will be in a magazine form.
Being a Climate Leader, this issue also highlights our concern on the changing
climate on earth and its effects. In 2006, Nobel Laureate and former US Vice
President Al Gore got the world talking about climate change with the Academy
Award-winning
winning film An Inconvenient Truth. It was just the beginning of a climate
revolution, and later that year, he founded
ounded The Climate Reality Project to take the
conversation forward and turn awareness into action.
The Climate Reality Project is a diverse group of passionate individuals who have
come have come together to help solve the greatest challenge of our time. We are
cultural leaders, marketers, organizers, scientists, storytellers and more, and we
are committed to building a better future together.
With regards,
Dr. Pulak Das

From the Desk of Managing Editor, IJENAS &
Editor, Vasundhara
Dear Readers,
Indian philosophy has always been humane and dignified view of the sacredness
of all forms of life, and that humans are only a link in the chain of life and
consciousness. Vedas, the oldest hymns composed by great spiritual seers and
thinkers which are the repository of Indian wisdom, reflect the vibrancy of an
encompassing world-view which looks upon all objects in the universe, living or
non-living, as being pervaded by the same spiritual power. There is an age old
early Morning Prayer, which indicate the level of respect, offered to the Earth, the
life yielding mother.
Samudra-Vasane Devi, Parvata-Stana-Mandite

Vishnu-Patni Namastubhyam, Pada-Sparsham Kshamasva Me
(Oh Mother Earth, the Goddess who is having Ocean as her Garments and
Mountains as Her Bosom, Who is the Consort of Vishnu, I Bow to you;
Please Forgive me for Touching You with my Feet)
In India, Autumn is considered as the season to worship Goddess Durga, the

supreme feminine power, the energy of creation or mother nature (parama
prakriti). Our scriptures call her Nabapatrika, and in native dialects she is
worshiped as Kolabou. Worship of Nabapatrika is offering prayers to nine
specifically mentioned plants and plant parts, being wrapped in a saree, as a
representation of mother goddess.
Interestingly enough, Nabapatrika was actually a popular ritual performed by the

peasant folks for prosperous harvest. As during autumn, beauty of nature is at its
peak with blue sky and white clouds, blooming white kans flowers and glowing
dew drops and is the time for reaping crops, peasants worshipped Goddess
Nabapatrika for good harvest. Infact Nabapatrika represented the primitive form
of Durga Puja. Later, when Durga Puja, became a popular festival of the season.
Nabapatrika, was added as the most important part of the worship.
The nine plants of Nabapatrika represent nine forms of the Goddess. Banana
plant represents Goddess Brahmani, Colocasia represents Goddess Kalika,

Turmeric plant symbolises Devi Durga, Jayanti (Sesbanitia sesban) represents
Kartiki, Bel or wood apple Goddess Shivaa, Pomegranate plant represents
Raktadantika, Ashoka tree symbolises Sokrahita , Arum plant represents
Chamunda and the Rice plant symbolises Goddess Lakshmi. Again Shakambari
form of supreme feminine power as mentioned in Devi Mahatmya, clearly
indicate worship of Mother Nature as Goddess Durga.
Shakambari is also known as Vanashankari /Banashankari, or Banadevi (Ban or

Van meaning forest, and Shankari, a name of Parvati, consort of Shiva.
The story goes like that, after thorough penance to Lord Brahma, the creator,
demon Durgam, acquires all the four Vedas, total knowledge. He conquered
entire creation, challenged all the laws of nature, As a result, entire earth faced a
severe draught for hundred years. The world was hit by famine, disease and
pestilence. There was extreme drought everywhere, and sages retrieve to the
caves at Mount Sumeru to save whatever they could. They meditate to the primal
force to invoke the Supreme Mother Shakti.
Mother was moved by their plights and appeared in a delightful form. Seeing the
horror, she manifested herself as Goddess Satakshi with countless eyes on her
body. First shedding tears of compassion as Shatakshi Devi and then offering
fruit, flowers and vegetables from her own body, with a peaceful smile, She came
to be called Durga, as she slayed the Demon Durgam, restoring balance to the
earth.
So, in this special season of Nature worship, we would like to declare, the
inauguration of Vasundhara, where we have blended Environment, science and
culture together. My heartiest thanks are due to our Chief Advisors, Editorial cum
Advisory Board Members, Advisors of Documentary section, CREESS-IJENAS
family.
I am thankful to all the contributing authors for being a part of this family.
With regards,
Dr. Pinki Purkayastha

Table of Contents
Shakambari: The Green Goddess ........................................................................................................................9
DURGA- The Parama Prakriti............................................................................................................................. 10
,-./012/, 34 56 e8................................................................................................................................................... 12
59n3/; я1=>?............................................................................................................................................................. 13
?/@, ............................................................................................................................................................................... 13
A/BC Dn?/ .................................................................................................................................................................. 14
ECO-Comic ................................................................................................................................................................... 15
aG6 CHIJK...................................................................................................................................................................... 15
What is Poetry? ......................................................................................................................................................... 18
शित उपासना का तीक दग

ु ापूजा .......................................................................................................................... 19
Woman walking against wind/ ......................................................................................................................... 23
L46G
4 /; 6/Iя5C MN/=/-1 eя5? O';P-" .............................................................................................................. 23
M9/J ................................................................................................................................................................................ 24
Durga Puja In Melbourne ..................................................................................................................................... 26
D;-/................................................................................................................................................................................ 27
Celebrating Earth Day!!!!!! ................................................................................................................................... 28

Trance............................................................................................................................................................................ 31
Q,D3K M6I2ICB 8/6/5я, aDs/? ...................................................................................................................... 31
Role of global positioning system (gps) in navigation in location based services ................... 33
M9I8 oT/ uV- o 3/B W-I,B ,X/ ............................................................................................................ 36
SOCIETY ........................................................................................................................................................................ 37

Y6/B D/5ZI3 M@/I, MJI,/ ................................................................................................................................ 37
M3/6/; 5DC/2 V;3 ................................................................................................................................................. 38
[6.................................................................................................................................................................................... 39
GT/\ MC]/ ...................................................................................................................................................................... 39
M6/; MG^V/G ................................................................................................................................................................... 42
8/iIB? .......................................................................................................................................................................... 43
5?5`d 8b-/V ............................................................................................................................................................. 44
" sp Y^,/ De5fB яI- " ........................................................................................................................................ 45
Public hearing in EIA Process – A platform for raising Environmental issues .......................... 46
B/я/B 5g5T .................................................................................................................................................................... 59
Diwali: the festival of pollution free light ..................................................................................................... 60
Y]BI]-/..................................................................................................................................................................... 61
5C? h/2.......................................................................................................................................................................... 62
6/ Y6/2 Ve5XD1I3 Y8I3 C/o........................................................................................................................... 63
Inspiring Millions: The Green Actors ............................................................................................................ 64
a8I6B 6/5@ eDb 6/5@B 6/?4` .......................................................................................................................... 67
,/IAB gc................................................................................................................................................................... 71
Y5я 34 56 D.s ............................................................................................................................................................ 72
Durga Puja and Homecoming: An excitement keeps me close home ............................................. 73
YI-/ Y6/B YI-/ .................................................................................................................................................. 75
Dialogue ........................................................................................................................................................................ 77
l/5m D/D/I,... ............................................................................................................................................................ 79
TEN CLEAR INDICATORS, OUR CLIMATE IS CHANGING...................................................................... 80

Shakambari: The Green Goddess
Concept and Photography: Mr. Rajarshi Bhattacharjee,

Bhattacharjee
RS Studio,
Silchar, Assam, India
Model: Miss Rajeswari Bhattacharjee,


DURGA- The Parama Prakriti
Dr. Sujata Bhattacharjee
Ya Devi Sarvabhutesu MatriRupen Sangsthita

Namastasai Namastasai Namastasai Namo Namah
Durga is called as the Jagat Janani (the universal mother). It is believed that Devi
Durga bears the whole world in her womb; so she is also called the Jagatdhattri.
Durga – the name itself depicts that she is the destroyer of all the sufferings
(durgati). In some of the mythological scripts, she is described as the slayer of the
demon Durg, therefore she is Durga. According to Hindu Mythology, she is one of
the warrior goddesses who can kill the dangerous and powerful demons with
ease. But, I personally believe that she is mother in deed and warrior in need. She
fights with demons only to protect her children; she protects her children from
all evils. But in real sense, she is the mother who loves, nourishes and feeds her
children and makes their lives happy, healthy and wealthy.
Ya Devi Sarvabhutesu ShaktiRupen Sangsthita

Namastasai Namastasai Namastasai Namo Namah
In Hindu Mythology, female deities, more or less, represent the energy, fertility
and creation. Devi Durga is considered as the epitome of all energies in this
universe and beyond the universe-she is the Mahashakti. According to the
legends, Devi Durga is created from the energies of the deities to destroy the
demon of all demons- Mahisasura. She is ten armed which means that she
protects her children from all the ten directions. She rides on a lion. Here, lion
represents power, desire and ego which are controlled by her. It also means that
we can only win our sorrows and sufferings by controlling these rajasik
qualities.In Shree Shree Chandi, it is said that
Namah Prakrityaiyee Bhadrayee Niyatah Pranatah sma Tam (shloka 9)
She is portrayed as the Prakriti who nourishes the whole world. Prakriti means
the nature. Devi Durga is considered as the Mother Nature. She is the creator,
protector and preserver of lives. The plants, the animals, the birds, the fishes, the
human beings-all are her children and she provides us all the resources to live
here. She nurtures every single aspect in this world. She is in the shining Sun, in
the glowing moon, in the twinkling stars, in the green mountains, in the blue sky,
in the dancing rivers, in the sea shore. She is everywhere- She is everything-she is
you –she is me. So, the whole world praises her as:
Namah Jagatpratisthaiyee Devyayiee Kritye Namo Namah

(Shree Shree Chandi: shloka 13)
She gives us food, therefore she is called Annapurna. She protects the vegetation,
so, she is called as Shakamvari. Shakambari-the goddess who bears the shaka i.e.
vegetables, fruits and leaves. It is believed that the goddess Shakambari
nourishes her children along with plants and trees. She is also called Bana-Durga-
the goddess who protects the forest and the wild lives.
We are going to celebrate Durga Puja in few days. The nature is decorating
herself beautifully and telling us that the Mother is coming. The blooming
shiuliphool, the white Kashphool, the extremely blue sky-all are singing the
Agamani. In Bengal, Maa Durga is worshipped with her whole family
(Saparibaraiyee, Savahanaiyee). If we closely observe the deities and their
vahanas, we can understand that mother Durga and her entire family reflect the
ecosystem. The ecosystem, in which, carnivorous and herbivorous animals are
living together harmoniously. It also exhibits the nutrient cycle. As the peacock
eats the snake, the snake and owl eat the mouse, duck and mouse eat grains
(provided by the Maa Lakshmi) and the lion eat the buffalo. But they all live in the
same ecosystem and the Mother Nature nurtures and protects them all. So, we
worship Mother Nature through Maa Durga-the Parama Prakriti. The energy
which our scientists often talk about, the energy which supports the life cycle, the
energy which controls the whole universe, is Maa Durga. Through her, we,
worship all this energies. Durga Puja is the occasion in which we salute and thank
Maa Durga for all her kindness and blessings. But this is not enough. We should
protect our Nature properly. We should work towards the eco friendly life style.
Deforestation, destroying wild lives, pollutions-all are against the principles of
Mother Nature. We have to
understand that this world is for all and being the most intelligent children of
Mother Nature, we, the human beings, should help the Mother Nature to protect
her children. This will be the highest tribute our Maa Durga-the Parama Prakriti.
Let’s adore Maa Durga for her enumerable blessings and never ending love
towards us:
Sarvarupamayee devi sarvang devimayang jagat

Atohahang Vishwarupang tang namami parameswareem
(Shree Shree Chandi: Shloka 24)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~

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ECO-Comic
Concept and Illustration by: Mr. Kapil Chowdhry

Research Scholar,
Assam University, Silchar
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Y56 Mk/IB/5- । 6u6/5NB MBA । Y56 6L4 । Y56 aD/, oZ?/B я/IB/2/
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YIDJ ।
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Y56 a5?c/k13 5DID, । Y56 Y?n । Y56 MA/, । M¸/I,B 8/ô3/- VBJ0/

Y56 । Y56 62C/? । Y56 62C/?D । Y56 g/r,-/ । Y56 D8InB 6/2/N/2/
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Y56 M8s6. । Y56 A/n । 5Dя52?1 MDA । Y56 h4d । aяs b8 । V/BIX5?2/I6B
VB6/04 । Y56 585@ । Y56 M8n/B । Y56 ?B6 ,/Îg M6/Z/ ?s/-5я2/B 8b8/B ।
Y56 V@ । Y56 ,/-1O/I@B V@5gt । Y56 8e5fB M,/-/я । Y56 Ce5fB aV5B03
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565GJ/? । Y56 D/C-5CI?B ,C684`6/ । Y56 MG5BI@я । Y56 5A5AIBB 5D5lb ।
Y56 s/24 । Y56 V./Is- ,/-/IBB VB/k61 M,/-/яl/?/ ।
Y56 VB/5я3 ,5B । Y56 aGe3 Gi । Y56 88/JB/ 58-58,I?8 । Y56 G/я/B
l-/IBB 5g?r6 । Y56 M-/B,/3r0 । Y56 6/3/-я/G/я । Y56 M9/^ D/я/I?/
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5?5Â5nV4B । Y56 e,IA/ 8/3/A Y^gIZB C/J । V2/IBB 58- । Y56 Mg/B/D/5-
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4 । Y56 8Hh/K s । Y56 d/5DZ । Y56
YtG?I?B 6/LD165?V4B ।
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
What is Poetry?
Ashiya Ansari
Sonipat, Haryana
A purling waterfall writes a poetry.

Ripples on the pond depict a poetry.
Rustle of the leaves recites a poetry.
Withered leaves emanate, fragrance a poetry.
Ocean of pang is the name of poetry,

Panacea of pain is also a poetry.
A festered heart is healed by a poetry.
The ointment of wound is called a poetry.
State of seclusion calls a poetry.

Solitary walk leaves the trail of poetry.
Winding ways craft a poetry.
Misty mountains manifest a poetry.
Language of heart is called a poetry.

Tranquility narrates the story of poetry.
Musings and melancholy are the inclusion of poetry.
Every incomplete story completes a poetry.
The darkness of dusk enlightens a poetry.

Elixir of love is exudation of poetry.
Entwined lips weave a poetry.
Antics of an infant give birth to a poetry.
Abode of poets is the potpourri of poetry.

Soirée of susceptive souls is called a poetry.
Ask a poet what is Poetry,
Every poetic heart is the paradigm of poetry.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
शित उपासना का तीक दग
ु ापज
ू ा
सायन काित कर
कोलकाता, भारत
ू ा का एक अहम थान है। सारे देश म जगह-जगह िवशेषकर

देशभर म होने वाली शि उपासना म दुगा पज
बंगाल म %यापक 'प से मनाये जाने वाले इस पव पर जैसे आथा का सागर ही उमड़ आता है। इसीिलए
,ितवष पूजा के समय हर ओर आथा का एक वैभवशाली 'प देखने को िमलता है। इसके साथ ही दुगा पज ू ा
हर िकसी के िलए अनूठे उ0लास, असीम उ2साह और तरं िगत उमंग4 का पव है।
देवी दुगा का उदय
हमारी संकृित म दुगा अनेक शिय4 के संचय क7 ,तीक ह8। शि क7 देवी दुगा के उदय क7 कथा हम यही
बताती है िक सभी ,कार क7 शियां एक'प होकर िकसी भी िवनाशकारी ताकत को िमटा सकती ह8।
पौरािणक कथाओं के अनुसार एक समय मिहषासुर नामक रा<स ने वग और धरा पर अपना आतंक फै ला
रखा था। उस आतंक को समा? करने के िलए सभी देवताओं ने एक-एक कर उससे यु@ िकया। िकंतु भैसे का
'प धारण िकए मिहषासुर ने सबको परात कर िदया। Aय4िक उसे वरदान ,ा? था िक उसे कोई पुCष नहD
मार सकता। पूरी तरह से हताश देवतागण EFा, िवGणु िशव क7 शरण म पहH ंचे। तब िशव ने अपनी IोधिJन से
एक दैवीय शि को ,कट िकया जो Kी थी। इस शि को सभी देवताओं ने अपने अK ,दान िकए िजससे
वह महाशि बन गई। िसंह पर सवार हो देवी ने मिहषासुर को यु@ के िलए ललकारा। िफर Iोध भरी गज ना
के समय देवी ने दस भुजाओं म धारण दीि?मान अK4 से उस दानव पर ,हार िकए। घनघोर यु@ के उपरांत
मिहषासुर का अंत हH आ। इस तरह पाप पर पुMय क7 िवजय हH ई। देवताओं ने शि के इस व'प को दुगा कहा
और उनक7 पूजा होने लगी।
इितहास पूजा का
ू ा का इितहास देख तो पूजा क7 वत मान परपंरा करीब चार सदी पुरानी नजर आती है। जहां तक Nात
दुगा पज
है, सोलहवD शताOदी के अंत म बंगाल के तािहरपुर म महाराज कंशनारायण दुगा पज ू ा का भ%य अनुPान
िकया था। घर म बड़े से ठाकुर दालान को सजाकर उसम दुगा क7 ,ितमा थािपत क7 गई। उसके बाद
सQहवD शताOदी के आरं भ म नािदया के महाराज भवानंद ने तथा बरीसा के सुवण चौधुरी ने भी भ%य पूजा का
आयोजन िकया था। उसके बाद बड़े -बड़े जमDदार4 ने इस शैली को अपना िलया। उस समय दुगा पज ू ा के समय
पशुबिल भी दी जाती थी। बंगाल के राजा-रजवाड़4 ने इस परं परा को आगे बढ़ाया। समय के साथ-साथ
%यावसाियक वग ने इसे और समृ@ बनाया। लेिकन जब उSह4ने अपने िहत के िलए ईट इंिडया कंपनी के
अफसर4 को पूजा म आमंिQत करना शु' िकया तो इसम एक नया मोड़ आया। कोलकाता के शोवा बाजार के
महाराजा नवकृGणदेव Uारा 1757 म राबट Aलाइव को पूजा म िनमंिQत करना इस तरह का ,थम उदाहरण
था। इसके बाद पूजा ,ितPा का िवषय बनने लगी। लेिकन जब मह2वपूण लोग4 के सामने साधारण भ4 क7
अवहे लना होने लगी तो दुगा पज ू ा ठाकुर दालान4 से बाहर मैदान4 म पंडाल लगाकर मनाई जाने लगी। 20वD
शताOदी के शु' म बारह लोग4 Uारा हH गली िजले के गु?ीपाड़ा म हH ई साव जिनक पूजा को पहली साव जिनक
पूजा कहा जाता है। 1910 म बलरामपुर वसुघाट पर एक धािम क सभा Uारा साव जिनक 'प म दुगा पज ू ा मनाने
के बाद इसका चलन बढ़ता गया। इसे बारोबाड़ी पूजा भी कहा जाता था। वतंQता सं\ाम के दौरान कई बार
साव जिनक पूजा को राG]ीय फोरम के 'प म भी ,योग िकया गया। धीरे -धीरे समूचे बंगाल म साव जिनक पूजा
मनायी जाने लगी।
भ%य हो गया है आयोजन
आज दुगा पज ू ा का आयोजन इतना भ%य हो गया है िक इसक7 तैयारी महीन4 पूव आरं भ हो जाती है। इसके िलए
जगह-जगह पूजा कमे िटयां बनती ह8 जो चंदा आिद एकQ कर पंडाल4 के आकार व मूित य4 के व'प का
िनण य लेती ह8। दुगा मां क7 मूित बनाने का काम भी परं परागत मूित कार4 Uारा काफ7 पहले आरं भ कर िदया
जाता है। बंगाल के हर शहर और कबे म ये मूित कार पीढ़ी दर पीढ़ी इस कला याQा को जारी रखे ह8। इनके
प^रवार4 के अनेक लोग बंगाल के बाहर भी, जहां बंगाली बहH सं_या म ह8 मूित कला क7 इस शैली का िवतार
कर रहे ह8। मूित िनमा ण का काय िविधपूवक पूजापाठ के बाद आरं भ होता है। कोलकाता म परं परागत
मूित कार4 क7 बती म एक ,ाचीन रीित चली आ रही है िजसके अनुसार मूित िनमा ण के िलए पहले
सोनागाछी या कालीघाट से तवायफ4 के आंगन क7 िमaी लाई जाती है। उसी िमaी को िमलाकर दुगा क7 पिवQ
मूित का िनमा ण होता है। पूजा के िलए बड़े -बड़े पंडाल भी कई स?ाह पूव बनने आरं भ हो जाते ह8। लकड़ी, बांस,
bलाईवुड, तcबू आिद क7 सहायता से िवतृत पंडाल बनाने म समय जो लगता है। िफर इनके अंदर क7 साज-
सdजा म हर ,कार क7 भ%यता का समावेश भी िकया जाता है। छोटे शहर4 म पूजा पंडाल4 म भ%यता कम होती
है। लेिकन बड़े शहर4 क7 पूजा कमे िटयां पंडाल पर िदल खोलकर %यय करती ह8। कुछ पंडाल तो महल4 जैसे
नजर आते ह8। दरअसल पंडाल4 क7 भ%यता आज एक ,ितपधा का 'प ले चुक7 है। पंडाल4 क7 छत4 पर बड़े -
बड़े झूमर लगाए जाते ह8। लकड़ी क7 दीवार4 पर सुंदर िचQ बनाए जाते ह8। ब0ब4 और रं गिबरं गी रोशनी क7
मनमोहक झांिकयां बनाने के िलए बंगाल के चंदन नगर से िवशेष कलाकार बुलाए जाते ह8। पंडाल4 म िकसी
भी नवीनतम घटना पर झांक7 बनाने का ,यास होता है। ये कलाकार सुर-असुर सं\ाम जैसी पौरािणक
झांिकय4 से लेकर कारिगल यु@ और व0ड ]ेड सटर जैसे िवषय4 क7 बेहद आकष क झांिकयां बना देते ह8।
पंडाल4 के गेट भी इनक7 भ%यता का खास िहसा होते है। ,ाय: िकसी ऐितहािसक या ,िस@ इमारत का
,ित'प गेट के 'प म बनाया जाता है। इसिलए कहD लाल िकला नजर आता है तो कहD संसद भवन। कहD
%हाइट हाउस म भ ,वेश कर रहे होते ह8 तो कही एिफल टावर म । बड़े शहर4 म पंडाल4 क7 भ%यता देखने के
िलए भी भ4 क7 भीड़ उमड़ पड़ती है। सारा वातावरण पूण 'प से जगमगा रहा होता है।
पव का आरं भ
ू ा का पावन पव शरद ऋतु म आने वाले आिiन माह के कृGण प< क7 अमावया से ही आरं भ होता है।
दुगा पज
उस िदन सुबह महालया क7 परं परा है। महालया अथा त मां दुगा क7 आगमन भेरी। बांJला व संकृत भाषा म
देवी क7 आगमनी के गीत गाए जाते ह8। आकाशवाणी तथा दूरदश न पर दुगा क7 आराधना, दुगा स?शती का
गान और दुगा पज ू ा से जुड़ी कथाओं को संगीतमय लय म ,सा^रत िकया जाता है। दुगा तुित क7 यह मधु^रम
अनुगंज ू बंगभूिम के हर %यि के अंतम न म एक पंदन सा जगा देती है। इसके साथ उनम पूजा का उ2साह
आरं भ हो जाता है। महालया के िदन निदय4 म नान के उपरांत घट थापना का िवधान है। िमaी के कलश पर
िसंदूर से मंगल िचj बनाकर उस पर हरा ना^रयल रखा जाता है। पास ही केले के वृ< क7 बड़ी सी डाल रखी
जाती है। पूजा थल को कला2मक ढं ग से सजाया जाता है। बंगाल को ,ाचीन समय से ही दुगा का मायका
माना जाता है। माSयता है िक दुगा के मायके आने के िदन ही पूजा समारोह के िदन ह8। हर वष दुगा कैलाश
पव त पर िथत िशवधाम से अपनी संतान4 सिहत अपने मायके आती ह8। अमीर हो या गरीब सभी इस अवसर
पर खुिशयां मनाते ह8, नये वK खरीदते ह8, िमQ व संबंिधय4 को उपहार देते ह8।
,ितमाओं क7 थापना
षPी के िदन पुरोिहत पहले घट यानी घड़े को पंडाल म रखते ह8। केले के वृ< को लाल िकनारे वाली साड़ी
पहनाई जाती है। तब पंडाल4 म दुगा क7 ,ितमाएं थािपत कर दी जाती है। िवतृत पंडाल म सामने देवी क7
,ितमा थािपत होती है। िसंहवािहनी दस भुजाधारी दुगा भाले से मिहषासुर का मद न कर रही होती ह8। इस
,ितमा के एक ओर उनके पुQ गणे श एवं काित केय क7 मूित यां और दूसरी ओर पlहता लmमी तथा
वीणाधारी सरवती िवराजमान होती ह8। ये मूित यां इतनी सजीव होती ह8 िक मूित कार4 क7 रचनाशीलता क7
,शंसा िकए िबना नहD रहा जाता।
अंजिल एवं आरती
रोज पूजा म अंजिल एवं आरती का Iम चलता है। अnमी का िदन दुगा पज ू ा का सबसे शुभ िदन माना जाता
है। लोग बड़े चाव से पूजा म भाग लेते ह8। अnमी को लगभग पूरी रात ही पंडाल4 म भीड़ रहती है Aय4िक
अnमी एवं नवमी के संिधकाल के समय मoयरािQ म सpधी पूजा अथा त संधी पूजा एक मह2वपूण पूजा होती
है। देवी के सामने 108 दीपक ,dजविलत िकए जाते ह8। कहD-कहD आरती के समय ढाक क7 ताल के साथ
ित्रयां धूनी नृ2य करती ह8। ढाक एक पारं प^रक वाs है जो ढोल के समान होता है। रं गीन कपड़े और झालर4
से सजे ढाक बजाने वाले ढाक7 भी िवशेष तौर पर बुलाए जाते ह8। पंडाल के अंदर का वातावरण पूरी रात
भिपूण उ0लास से प^रपूण नजर आता है तो बाहर बनी दुकान4 पर भी भीड़ लगी रहती है। इसके अलावा
लोग एक पंडाल से दूसरे पंडाल को दे खने बढ़ते रहते ह8। नवमी को भी पूजा का जोर बराबर बना रहता है। अंत
म वह िदन भी आ जाता है िजस िदन दुगा को पारं प^रक ढं ग से िवदा िकया जाता है। िवजय दशमी के िदन
मूित के सम< दीप जलाकर ित्रयां देवी को स4देश यानी संदेश का भोग लगाती ह8। उनके मतक पर िसंदरू
लगाती है िफर शुभकामना व'प उसी िसंदरू दानी से अSय सुहािगन4 को िसंदरू लगाया जाता है। इसके
उपरांत शंख oविन तथा जयघोष के बीच दुगा को अtुपण ू िवदाई दी जाती है। आलीशान ,ितमाओं को ]क
आिद पर रख कर शोभा याQा के 'प म नदी के तट पर ले जाया जाता है जहां बड़ी t@ा से इSह जल म
िवसज न के बाद दो प<ी आकाश म छोड़ने क7 परं परा भी है। माSयता यह है िक ये प<ी कैलाश पव त जाकर
िशव को दुगा के आगमन क7 सूचना देते ह8। लोग नदी से शांित जल पंडाल और घर म लेकर आते ह8 और सब

पर िछड़कते ह8। िवसज न के बाद लोग एक-दूसरे को शुभ िबजोय क7 शुभकामनाएं देते ह8।
कोलकाता क7 दुगा पज ू ा
कोलकाता महानगर म दुगा पज ू ा का जोश तो जैसे जुनन ू क7 सीमाएं पार कर जाता है। इस महानगर म आज
एक हजार से अिधक थान4 पर दुगा पज ू ा का आयोजन होता है। अिधकतर पूजा पंडाल इतने भ%य होते ह8 िक
लोग धAका-मुAक7 करते हH ए एक पंडाल से दूसरे पंडाल म पहं◌ुच जाते ह8। दरअसल यह महानगर पंडाल4
क7 साज-सdजा म सबसे आगे है।
महाअnमी और नवमी को कोलकातावािसय4 का उSमाद देखते ही बनता है। चौराह4, नुAकड़4, गिलय4 म
लोग4 के हH जम ू नजर आते ह8। सारा शहर नयी नवेली-दु0हन क7 तरह सजा जगमगा रहा होता है। अनेक बड़ी
कंपिनयां पूजा पंडाल4 क7 साज-सdजा एवं सुंदरतम मूित य4 के िलए अवाड क7 घोषणा भी करती ह8।
िवजयदशमी पर िवसज न के िलए मूित य4 को जुलस ू के 'प म ले जाने का vwय भी यहां एकदम अलग होता
है। एक-एक जुलस ू के साथ 25-25 ब8ड साथ चलते ह8। उनके आगे रं गिबरं गे गेट बने होते ह8 जो जुलस ू क7
शोभा को बढ़ाते ह8। वातव म कोलकातावासी दुगा पज ू ा के िबना जीवन क7 क0पना भी नहD कर सकते।
कहते ह8 यहां के लोग पूजा के माह म इतनी खरीदारी करते है िजतनी वष भर म नहD करते। दुगा पज ू ा का यह
रं ग देखने यहां पय टक भी आते ह8। कोलकाता का जीवंत 'प देखना हो तो एक बार पूजा के अवसर पर वहां
अवwय जाना चािहए।
बंगाल के बाहर दुगा पज ू ा
बंगाल के बाहर पहली बार वाराणसी म दुगा पज ू ा का आयोजन हH आ माना जाता है। इसके अित^र आज
गोरखपुर, इलाहाबाद, पटना, भुवनेiर, कटक आिद शहर4 म इसी रीित और परं परा से दुगा पज ू ा मनाई जाती
है। िद0ली म दुगा पजू ा क7 शु C आत सन् 1911 म कोलकाता से राजधानी िद0ली थानां त ^रत होने पर हH ई
े
Aय4िक तब अनेक कोलकाता िनवासी भी िद0ली म आ बसे थे। उनक साथ ही उनक7 संकृित का अिभSन
ू ा भी यहां आयी। यहां रह रहे लगभग चार लाख बंगालीजन पूजा के चार िदन4 म बाक7 दुिनया को
अंग दुगा पज
भूलकर जैसे जीवन क7 तमाम खुिशयां समे टने म लग जाते ह8। िद0ली व उसके आस-पास के <ेQ4 म कुल
िमलाकर दो सौ से अिधक छोटी-बड़ी पूजा आयोिजत होती है। इनम काली बाड़ी, िचतरं जन पाक, सरोजनी
नगर, लोदी रोड, इंx,थ सोसायटी कॉcbलेAस, अशोक िवहार, िमSटो रोड, के पूजा-पंडाल4 क7 छटा देखते
ही बनती है। िचतरं जन पाक म तो कई भ%य पूजाओं का आयोजन होता है िजनम कोलकाता क7 ही भांित
भ%यता का दश न होता है। यहां लगभग सभी पूजा-पंडाल4 म सांकृितक काय Iम भी होते ह8 िजसके िलए
खास तौर से पिzम बंगाल से जाQा नाटक मंडिलयां बुलाई जाती ह8। दुगा पज ू ा क7 धूम आज िवदेश4 म भी रहती
है। खास तौर पर उन देश4 म जहां भारतीय बंगाली समाज के लोग जा बसे ह8। उनके साथ ही अSय भारतीय भी
िमल दुगा पजू ा मानते ह8। इसके िलए तीन-चार माह पूव ही कोलकाता के कुमारतुली से दुगा मां क7 ,ितमाएं
मंगवा ली जाती ह8। हालांिक वहां उतनी भ%यता से पूजा नहD होती परं तु िफर भी अपनी संकृित के ,ित लगाव
को इस पूजा Uारा ,दिश त िकया जाता है। इंJल8ड, अमे ^रका के अित^र यूरोप के कई देश4 म बसे भारतीय
बंगाली लघु 'प म ही सही दुगा पज ू ा अवwय मनाते ह8। इन अवसर4 पर वो बड़े गव से उस देश के लोग4 को भी
शािमल करते ह8। इस तरह भारत देश क7 रं गिबरं गी संकृित क7 झलक उनके सामने रखी जाती है।
ू ा का समारोह कहD भी मनाया जा रहा हो, पूजा के पल लोग4 के िलए अिवमरणीय बन जाते ह8। इसके
दुगा पज
साथ ही दुगा पजू ा हम एकता का ,तीका2मक संदेश देती है।
~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Woman walking against wind/
L464G/; 6/Iя5C MN/=/-1 eя5? O';P-
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Concept and Painting by: Dr. Bijita Barman

Edior: Assamese Section,
Vasundhara
~~~~~~~~~~~~~

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~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Durga Puja in Melbourne

Praphulla Ray
Melbourne, Australia
Bengali Association of Victoria started Durga Puja in 1989. We brought the Idol
from Kumortuli in the same year. We were all excited. Ananda Bazar Patrika
wrote Ma Durga is going to Melbourne by Plane.
26 years have passed. In the beginning we used to have gathering of about 300 to
400 devotees. To day about 1200 /1300 people from all around victoria attend
attend the cerimony. This includes our Australian friends.
Pujo is normaly performed on the nearest Friday, Saturday and Sunday of actual
Puja day. Few years back I wrote this to Bengali News paper that as we do not
have holidays during this time and we do not have any permanent place for Puja
we do puja on those days at a hired venue.
Victoria Government supports our activities an we receive grants for this
function and others .
Every 3 to 4 yrs we bring new Pratima from Kumortuli. We have our own Bengali
priests. They are scientist and engineers and fully trained prists. Some of them
are Australian Gov certified
marriage celebrant and have full
power to solemnise marriage and
give marriage certificate.
Our 3 puja days are full of fun. Many
social activities, like dance drama,
children program are performed on
these days.
Foods are completely free for three
days. Our members contributions
and donations from business
communities are enough to support
our activities. In early days we used
to cook food in the hall for all the
people. But as no increased to
thousands we have gone to Indian caterers.

Australian TV filmed our puja and telecast many times. Our Puja pandal is
erected and decorated on fri day with the help of volunteers.
Sasti Pujo, Nabapatrika, Saptami, Astami and Nabami/Dasami pujo are completed
on these three days. Maximum gathering takes place on saptami.astami and
nabami days. Puspanjali, Chandipath are special part of our puja. We have to
arrange atlest 4 to 5 times puspanjali to cater for huge no of devotees.
I have been doing CHANDIPATH for last 26 yrs and now time has come to pass
the batton to some one else.
Our Australian friends enjoy our puja and our pure Bengali Vegitarian food Luchi,
Khichuri, Papar, Mixed veg curry, Chatni and ofcourse sweets like sandesh, golap
jamun .
Many Gov officials grace our puja pandal and take part in distributing prizes to
children.
Apart from Durga Puja , we at Bengali Association of Victoria also celibrate
Swarasti Pujo and this year we are starting Kali Pujo. Rabindra/Najrul Jayanti
and other cultural programs are also performed by our members.
We all feel as if we are in Bengal during these puja days. Wee have DHAK,
KANSAR and there are members who can play them professionally. At the end
the great DHUNUCHI NACH…by men ,ladies and children.
SINDUR KHELA by our ladies is another wonderful scene.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Celebrating Earth Day!!!!!!

Deeksha Dave
Assistant Professor, School of Agriculture,
Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi.
History
45 years ago in 1970, millions of Americans of all ages and all walks of life
gathered together for a common cause and celebrated the “Earth Day” for the
first time. The idea was conceived by Nelson, a U.S. Senator who got worried
about the growing industrialisation and deteriorating state of the planet. It was
for the first time that there was mass concern raised for the protection of Earth
and its valuable assets. Environmental issues were placed on a global agenda and
need was felt to protect nature in all its forms. At that time Earth Day was
conceived as educational series of “teachings on environmental issues” at
campuses across the United States, with demonstrations and marches in major
cities. The effect of it was so contagious that soon the fire of environmental
awareness spread to other countries as well. The message of protecting soil,
conserving water resources and to reduce and recycle became known to all. The
Day not only marked the celebrations but also lead to the establishment of
various government initiatives in the area of environment protection during that
period.
Going down the line it appears today that the planet was very different at the
time when Earth Day was first launched in 1970. The concerns were different
and the idea was limited to having knowledge about the declining state of Mother
Earth. The initial concerns of the planet were environment pollution. It was the
time in 1962 that Raceal Carson’s book had alarmed mankind of the demerits of
using excessive pesticides. We were worried more about the provision of clean

air and clean water because at that time the industrialisation was at its peak.
Urbanization also grew in 1970s which lead to habitat destruction, increased
dependence on oil based transport and loss of biodiversity. Hence, the theme of
Earth Day from 1970 to 1980 was primarily environment-based. Most of the
efforts were centred on waste minimization, resource conservation and pollution
abatement. What is clearly visible in last 4 decades that human race has made
tremendous progress in all spheres jeopardising the earth’s capital including the
air, water and land quality. There are cell phones, internet networks and genetic
engineering which were not there before. The price which we have paid for this is
filth in our rivers, degraded soil in our farms and volumes of trash in our
backyards.
Scene Today
Today Earth Day is celebrated throughout the world making it a world’s largest
civic function. Due to the widespread following, the environmental consciousness
among public has grown far stronger, far better led, far better informed, and far
more influential than it was 44 years ago. Since then, Earth Day is being
celebrated primarily by environment organizations and various activities
concerning environment protection are being organized. There are tree
plantations, cleanliness drives, awareness sessions and discussions on various
platforms to protect, conserve and manage the resources of the earth. However,
in spite of the growing efforts and enthusiasm, there seems to be no radical
change being observed. It is pertinent to question ourselves whether with that
increased environmental awareness has the environmental sensitivity equally
grown? Has the state of environment improved or have we been able to conserve
our vital natural resources?
A realistic analysis will only predict that we are on the verge of ecological
doomsday. The reasons may be cited as increasing population and North South
Debate or controversial climate change issue but one thing is certain that while
celebrating Earth Day we have missed out a very important factor and that it is
we ourselves.
In this entire scenario, the component of biosphere comprising human race is
mostly ignored. Earth is not simply environment but human beings too constitute
a major bulk. All the past discourse on earth day have centred around protecting
environment and its components but human rights and dignity and values have
not been nowhere mentioned. Looking at the origin of the Day it is quite
interesting to note that in 1969 at a UNESCO Conference in San Francisco, peace
activist John McConnell proposed a day to honour the Earth and the concept of
peace, to first be celebrated on March 21, 1970. Earth means the planet on which
we live that means we are an inseparable part of it. Therefore it is pertinent to

address the human development issues also while talking about earth day.
Sustainability should be our primary concern be it the sustainability of planet or
sustainability of healthy living conditions of human beings. In the wake of
growing population, where the health, sanitation, education, gender equality all
such issues are cropping up , it is difficult to imagine a healthy planet without
healthy human race.
The success to the objectives of Earth Day is halted by factors such as Climate
change critics, rich oil lobbyists, reluctant politicians, a neutral public, and a
divided environmental community. The only ray of hope is that the concerns of
environment grow every year and public knowledge and understanding should
grow each year. Since the first Earth Day, environmentalism has evolved from a
periphery subject to a typical topic of discussion. Anyone having petty awareness
of environment claims to be an environmentalist. Being aware about
environmental issues will make little sense unless n until changes in lifestyles are
brought about. Protecting Earth is more about being careful about the choices
that we make and decisions that we take. A change in mindset and behaviour is
must without which success cannot be guaranteed. A thoughtful action from
individuals is possible only when the basic conditions of human survival are met
and there are no economic or social disparities in society.
The Road Ahead

The situation does not seem to be different than what it was in 1970 as there are
more serious issues crippling over. Had been the case that serious efforts made
there would not have been more critical issues facing the earth today. From air
and water quality, we have moved towards the survivability of our planet and
human race. It shows that things have moved from bad to worse. Every Day
should be the Earth Day and one must be accountable for his/her actions.
Tickling issues like food security, climate change and poverty eradication have
come on the mainstream. Very soon the earth will be bankrupt with all the
resources gone and with that the economy of countries will also fail. Economic
activities are linked with environment. There may be billions added to the
population celebrating the day but the actual change is yet to come. The amounts
of efforts made today are not enough to bring back the earth and its people to its
original state.
The theme of Earth Day 2015 is “Its Time to Lead”. It conveys that along with the
common masses taking the small steps, the governments and politicians will have
to take giant leaps to save the planet. Stringent laws and rules have to be made,
to make people realize the importance of protecting the nature and valuing
human dignity. As individuals it is very difficult to expect that critical issues like
climate change can be solved single handedly. We don’t need to make fancy

speeches and attractive slogans to please the planet. Rather take some serious
steps to restore the nature of our “Mother Earth” before it gets too late.
Preventing the sixth mass extinction requires sound actions instead of mere
celebrating these “days”.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Trance
Daipayan Nair
On romanian shores of wavelets infinite,
strolls many a draculian bird for drops sultry;
Satied they are not though pinions newly wrought,
For in a gesture ensnaring, creating wordless whirls, lies the poetry.
Painting glances on the goldsmith's wonder,
many a cinematic valour fantasizes gifting breath
Those streamlined orbs reflecting azures infinite
To bathe in the fountain mystical, many a gaffer rewrites death.
In those blossomed lawns of paradise mythical,
gallops many a unicorn seeking match
A Venice of dreams, those beauty laden rims;
The bard's pippin forbidden; many an Eve eager to snatch.
Crooning majestic lyres for the nightingale's charm,
the thrushes of alpine youth play hesitant
A glittering sheath reflecting stars infinite
The living glades celestial, offer hearts for rent.
Such is the grandeur sculptured by architects divine
Vineyards of grace filled with blushes from the moon
Such is the splendour penned by laureates
in the Nile of time
The quill seems to be at a loss; reality needs to breathe soon.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Role of global positioning system (gps) in navigation in

location based services
Peeyush Gupta, Intergraph SG & I India Pvt. Ltd. Gurgaon
Swati Goyal, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar
GPS user in everyday life

The GPS system was developed to meet military needs of the Department of
Defense, but new ways to use its capabilities are continually being found. The
system has been used in aircraft and ships, but there are many other ways to
benefit from GPS. Vehicle tracking is one of the fastest-growing GPS applications.
GPS-equipped fleet vehicles, public transportation systems, delivery trucks, and
courier services use receivers to monitor their locations at all times.
GPS is also helping to save lives. Many police, fire, and emergency medical service
units are using GPS receivers to determine the police car, fire truck, or ambulance
nearest to an emergency, enabling the quickest possible response in life-or-death
situations.

Automobile manufacturers are offering moving-map displays guided by GPS
receivers as an option on new vehicles. Several car companies are demonstrating
GPS-equipped vehicles that give directions to drivers on display screens and
through synthesized voice instructions.
GPS in navigation (what is navigation?)

Since prehistoric times, people have been trying to figure out a reliable way to
tell where they are, to help guide them to where they are going, and to get them
back home again. Cavemen probably used stones, when they set out hunting for
food. These marks used to erase no. of times. The earliest mariners followed the
coast closely to keep from getting lost. The next major developments in the quest
for the perfect method of navigation were the magnetic compass and the sextant.
The needle of a compass always points north, so it is always possible to know in
what direction you are going. The sextant uses adjustable mirrors to measure the
exact angle of the stars, moon, and sun above the horizon. However, in the early
days of its use, it was only possible to determine latitude (the location on the
Earth measured north or south from the equator) from the sextant observations.
Sailors were still unable to determine their longitude (the location on the Earth
measured east or west).
In 1761, a cabinetmaker named John Harrison developed a shipboard timepiece
called a chronometer, which lost or gained only about one second a day -
incredibly accurate for the time. For the next two centuries, sextants and
chronometers were used in combination to provide latitude and longitude
information.
In the early 20th century several radio-based navigation systems were

developed, which were used widely during World War II. A few ground-based
radio-navigation systems are still in use today. One drawback of using radio
waves generated on the ground is that you must choose between a system that is
very accurate but doesn’t cover a wide area or one that covers a wide area but is
not very accurate. High-frequency radio waves (like UHF TV) can provide
accurate position location but can only be picked up in a small, localized area.
Lower frequency radio waves (like AM radio) can cover a larger area, but are not
accurate.
Scientists decided that the only way to provide coverage for the entire world was
to place high-frequency radio transmitters in space. A transmitter high above the
Earth sending a high-frequency radio wave with a special coded signal can cover
a large area. This is one of the main principles behind the GPS system.

Navigation can be required in land, air and water or in sea. Everyplace navigation
can be provided with some modification in the process of getting the data and
way of processing of data and accuracy of the data required for each purpose.
Navigation in Land
GPS improves efficiency on land as well. The capabilities of satellite navigation,
when coupled with communications and modern computerized management
systems can help meet many of the transportation challenges facing all modes of
surface transportation.
Currently, it is being used to add a new dimension for automatic vehicle location
and in-vehicle navigation systems. GPS helps motorists find their way by showing
their position and intended route on dashboard displays.
The NAVSTAR and GLONASS systems use the principle of trilateration. That is,
the user’s receiver determines the distance from the user to each of several
satellites. Since the positions of the satellites are known, either through previous
publication or as part of the satellite’s broadcast information, the user’s position
can be calculated.
Display of the position of the vehicle can be taken on an instrument of a size of a

mobile phone or palmtop. A central monitoring station or service providing
central station can observe the position. The various services that can be
provided by the central monitoring station can be as follows:
• when emergency assistance is required, that can be in a stage of health
problems, lost of way.
• In a search of facilities in a highway such as public conveniences or
restaurant etc.
• Search of a route that is short, less congested and that will touch the
required places or facilities in need.
• As long as technology helps, as the navigation facilities will reach to a
point, at which when vehicles will become smart vehicle, which is self-
driven vehicles. In which we have to give only the destination then sit a
back, read newspaper or talk on a phone, vehicle will take us to our
destination.
• GPS integrated with VHF and HF radios are being offered to Army, Navy
and Air force. It aids the soldier in navigating without the help of a map
and automatic reporting of the position of the troop to control station.
• Silent Feature of GPS
• 24 satellites
• 6 orbital planes
• 55 ° inclination
• 20,200 kms above the earth
• 11 hour 58 min orbits
• If passing overhead, each satellite is in view 4 - 6 hours
• Same constellation visible each day to an observer 4 minutes earlier.
• Earlier 4 min/day, 2hr/month, 24 hr/year.
• Status at the beginning of July 1996 - 25 satellites were in use.
• 7.5 year design
• 7 year average life for Block 1 satellites.
• military safe
• 10-20 m accurate navigation position
• Common coordinate system, now an integral part of Civil Use for all
major Survey and Navigational Applications.
• Availability of wide ranging GPS Receivers for various applications.
• Accuracy available up to mm level.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SOCIETY
Sucharita Basu
New Delhi, India
No one ever said that it was going to be easy.
But, I never let that bother me.
What is wrong in deciding to be different I asked them.
They ignored my question, as if I was a transparent gem.
Gem is what I am and decided to be unyielding.
But, they didn’t budge and were obviously unfaltering.
They thought I was out of my mind.

That didn’t tick me off but urged me to search deep inside.
Yet, I wasn’t able to find the roots which this has grown from.
This enraged my curiosity storm.
I am yet to find out an answer.

And become this problem’s enlightener.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Public hearing in EIA Process – A platform for raising
Environmental issues
Dr. MANOJ KUMAR
Manager, Environment & Forest Department,
CCL, Coal India Limited
ABSTRACT
This paper categorizes the environmental issues being raised in Public Hearing
(PH)/Public Consultation (PC)process in Indian scenario. Public hearing in
Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Process acts as a platform for raising the
various concerns of the project affected persons in general and environmental
issues in particular. An issues tree have been framed. Countrywide analysis for
the PH issues being raised in the mechanism along with timeline of the PH has
been analysed. This paper explores why some of the projects were subject to
public hearing, and the objectives, form and outcomes of this process. It
concludes that stakeholders’ involvement in review is essential and may lead to
enormous benefits for the proponent, stakeholders and the nation. Where this is

ignored, conflicts and problems may be created for project implementation and
sustainability.
Key word: EIA, Public Hearing/consultation, Stakeholders, environmental issues.
INTRODUCTION
Our environment is constantly changing. There is no denying that. However, as

our environment changes, so does the need to become increasingly aware of the
problems that surround it. India is a vast country covering various geographical
region. She has been recognized as “SonekiChiriya” in past. It is so even also.
Apart from regional diversity she is rich in mineral resources. With a massive
influx of activities like exploitation of these mineral resources, the environment is
changing leading to crisis to environment ie evolution of environmental issues.
Environmental issues are harmful aspects of human activity on environment. It
can affect the environment on various ways.
And much more, people need to be aware of these environmental issues. They
requires certain platform where they can raise their voice and seek redresser
mechanism for they are and will be facing to certain activities to happen in and
around them. Public hearing process mechanism prevalent in Indian statute may
serve the purpose for them.
This paper revolves round the mining sector and coal mining in particular. Coal
mining, particularly surface mining, requires large areas of land to be
temporarily disturbed. This raises a number of environmental challenges,
including soil erosion, dust, noise and water pollution, and impacts on local
biodiversity. Steps are taken in modern mining operations to minimize impacts
on all aspects of the environment. By carefully pre-planning projects,
implementing pollution control measures, monitoring the effects of mining and
rehabilitating mined areas, the coal industry minimizes the impact of its activities
on the neighboring community, the immediate environment and on long-term
land capability.
EIA notifications detailing the public hearing/ consultations has been an exercise
of the powers conferred by sub-section (1) and clause (v) of sub-section (2) of
section 3 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) read with
clause (d) of sub-rule (3) of rule 5 of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.
The EP act, 1986 has its mandate in EIA notifications 1994, 2006 and amended
thereon. It ensure compliance in planning and execution of all development
activities with the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Procedures in order
to promote environmentally sound and sustainable development in the country.

This led to the implementation of the EIA Procedures in 1994 in India. It was an
amendment made in 1997 vide which Public hearing was introduced for the first
time in India. This were among other objectives, seeking to provide an avenue for
the involvement of the public, private proponents and agencies in the assessment
and review of proposed undertakings. This is to ensure that the concerns and
needs of the affected population are considered and addressed.
HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEARING
As per Forester “Public hearings” began in “Enclosure Process” of land that

occurred in Britain in the 18th and 19th centuries. In 1845, the General
Enclosure Act created permanent commissioners who sent all bills to Parliament,
and one publicly appointed commissioner who presided over the public meetings
to hear citizen concerns. This use of commissions to hear public concerns over
the enclosure of lands was one of the first examples of a public hearing, and
emphasizes how most public hearings today are used when dealing with public
lands as well as private properties.
DEFINITION
As per Abigail Williamson and Archon Fung, Public Hearing is an open gathering
of officials and citizens, in which citizens are permitted to offer comments, but
officials are not obliged to act on them or, typically, even to respond publicly.
Public consultation refers to the process by which the concerns of the local
people regarding the adverse impacts of a project are ascertained and taken into
account in the EIA study.
As per EIA notification 2006, Public Consultation” refers to the process by which
the concerns of local affected persons and others who have plausible stake in the
environmental impacts of the project or activity are ascertained with a view to
taking into account all the material concerns in the project or activity design as
appropriate.
EIA Process in India includes Screening, Scoping and consideration of
alternatives, Baseline data collection, Impact prediction, Assessment of
alternatives, delineation of mitigation measures and environmental impact
statement, Public hearing, Environment Management Plan, Decision making,
Monitoring the clearance condition.
SCOPE
This paper attempts to explore why some projects were subjected to public
hearings, and the objectives and purposes, form and outcomes of public hearings.

This will also jolt down the PH timeline. Altogether PH for 121 project have been
analysed covering 16 different state of India. An issue tree was framed. Analysis
for brown as well as green field projects, UG as well as opencast project, mining
and non-mining projects, coal mining projects amongst mining projects, where
data for PH collected from different sources and personal interventions.Public
Hearing provides a legal space for people of an area to come face-to-face with the
project proponent and the government and express their concerns. Various Office
memorandum, circulars and amendments to it have issued for the PH process by
Ministry of Environment and forest & Climate change, Government of India from
time to time. The time line can be observed at table. 1.
Table. 1 : Public Hearing Time Line

10.04.97 The process of environmental public hearing (EPH) was
introduced in the environmental clearance process. The SPCBs
were entrusted to conduct public hearing to get the views and
concerns of the affected community and interested parties for
the proposed project. It was also entrusted with forming an EPH
committee to ensure fair representation in the public hearing
process.
13.06.02 It exempted pipeline and highway projects from preparing the

EIA report, but these projects would have to conduct public
hearings in all the districts through which the pipeline or
highway passes.

Sept. 2003 No public hearing was required for offshore exploration
activities, beyond 10 km from the nearest habitation, village
boundary, goothans and ecologically sensitive areas such as,
mangroves (with a minimum area of 1,000 sq.m.), corals, coral
reefs, national parks, marine parks, sanctuaries, reserve forests
and breeding and spawning grounds of fish and other marine
life.
14.09.06 EIA Notification 2006 Provisions of EC made in Section :- 7

[Stages in Prior EC] (i), 7(i)(III)- Stage-III - PC, 7(ii) , Appendix
IV – Process of conduct of PH & Appendix V – 1
06.05.08 OM no. J-11013-56-2004-IA.II(I) for scrutiny by SPCBs of Draft

EIA/EMP Reports submitted by PP for conduction of PH in terms
of EIA(2006)
03.06.09 OM no. J-11013-41-2006-IA.II(I) for consideration of projects

under 7(ii) of EIA(2006) – Exemption of PH to be applied
judiciously & to be recorded in the minutes of meeting of EAC.
24.08.09 In continuation to OM dtd. 3-6-09 another OM no. J-11013-41-

2006-IA.II(I) issued about no exemption from PH shall be given
in any project accorded EC prior to EIA (2006) coming into force
by invoking clause 7(ii) of EIA notification 2006.

26.11.09 Observation made on conduct of PH by Goa SPCB by the Hon’ble
High Court, Delhi in WC(C) no. 9340/2009 & CM Appeal Nos.
7127/2009, 12496/2009 filled by UtkarshMandal and others :
The court directed the MoEF to immediately issues instructions
so that PH in terms of EIA notification 2006 takes place with
seriousness which they deserve.

01.12.09 Amendment of EIA Notification with following provisions :
Section 7.1 (c) partial modification
Section 7(i) (d) Complete Modification
Modification in Annexure IV
1. Sub section 2.2 – Notice of PH in in the local language of the
state Draft EIA & Documents to Panchayats
Union and Development authorities also
2. Subsection 3.2 – it has been specified that Competent
Authority should arrange to inform the local public about
the public hearing by other means such as by way of beating
of drums as well as advertisement/announcement on
radio/TV.
3. Subsection 3.4 – SPCB to consult DM/District
collector/Deputy collector for fixing fresh date in
exceptional circumstances.
4. Section 4 - the panel has been changed to “ Supervision and
presiding over the hearing. This heading has been modified
because in real circumstances , the EIA notification 2006
does not provide any panel to conduct PH
22-01-10 OM no. J-11013-41-2006-IA.II(I) on Consideration of proposals

relating to changes in location after PH has been held or after EC
has been accorded – procedure to be followed.

25.01.10 OM no. J-11013-41-2006-IA.II(I) on Directing SPCBs/UTPCCs to
conduct PH as per provisions of EIA (2006) & interim OM
dtd21.11.06 specially For the projects not covered under EIA
notification 1994.
22.03.10 OM no. J-11013/4L/2006-IA.II(I) : (PH as Starting Mile Stone).

Time limit for ToRs& Base line data generation validity.
15.04.10 OM no. J-11012-30-2004-IA.II(M) about guidelines to

SPCBs/UTPCCs for exemption of coal Mining Sector projects.
15.04.10 OM no. J-11012-30-2004-IA.II(M) (another OM) about

guidelines for exemption of coal Mining Sector projects.
19.04.10 OM - J-15012/29/2010-IA-II(M) [ In ref to Hon’able High Court

judgment dtd. 26.11.09] about Procedure for conduct of PH by
SPCBs/UTPCCs under EIA Notification 2006.
28.09.11 OM no. J-11015/387/2008-IA.II(M) on adherence to the

procedure for conduct of PH as prescribed in EIA
Notification2006.
20.03.12 OM no. J-11013-/19/2012-IA.II(I) on submission of PH

document along with other documents in electronic format
along with hard copy compliance of the order of Central
Information Commission dated 18.1.12

19.12.12 No. J-II 0 15/30/2004-IA.I1 (M) guidelines about exemption in
PH for expansion of Coal Mining Projects (one time – 25%).
29.08.13 No. J-11013/19/2012-IA.II(I)- on Storing the records relating to

processing of cases for Environment Clearance and Forest
Clearance electronically.
07.01.14 No. J-II 0 15/30/2004-IA.I1 (M) on guidelines about exemption

in PH for expansion of Coal Mining Projects (one time – 50%).
16-05-14 No.]-11013/36/2014-IA-I on exemption from Public

Consultation for the projects/activities located within the
Industrial Estates/ Parks.
30.05.14 Project already availed 25% clause can avail under 50% clause
also.
28.07.14 50% clause extended production capacity exceeding 16 MTPA
(additional production up to 5 MTPA).
22.08.14 F.No. J-11013 l4L12006-IA-II (I) (part) : The SPCBs shall ensure
that the PH is conducted within the timeline of 45 days as
prescribed in the EIA (2006) & within the validity period of the
TORs, and that no PH is held after the validity period, of TORs is
over.

02.09.14 No. J-II 0 15/30/2004-IA.I1 (M) : 50% clause again extended
Production capacity exceeding 20 MTPA (additional production
up to 6 MTPA).
09.10.14 22-83-2014-iA.III – Conduct of PH by concerned SPCB or UTPCC.
10.12.14 OM J-11013/36/2014-IA-I on exemption from Public

consultation for the projects/ activities located within the
Industrial Estate/ Parks.
ISSUES CATEGORIZATION
This concept was legally introduced in India in the form of ‘public hearing’ in
1997. Since then the public hearing process has been conducted as a mandatory
step of environmental clearance for most projects and activities. This was the
amendment made in EIA notification 1994. The term PH is defined n EIA
notification 2006 as “Public Consultation” refers to the process by which the
concerns of local affected persons and others who have plausible stake in the
environmental impacts of the project or activity are ascertained with a view to
taking into account all the material concerns in the project or activity design as
appropriate.

Fig.1 :A public hearing at one of the mine of Coal
al India Limited

AS per EIA notification 2006 Industrial Projects in any of the areas falling in
Religious and historic places, Archaeological monuments, Scenic areas, Hill
resorts, Beach resorts, Coastal areas rich in mangroves, corals, breeding grounds
of specific species, Estuaries, Gulf areas, Biosphere reserves, National parks and
sanctuaries, National lakes and swamps, Seismic zones, Tribal settlements, Areas
of scientific and geological interest, Defense installations, especially those of
security importance and sensitive to pollution, Border areas (international),
Airports, would necessarily require Environmental Clearance.
As Public Hearing provides a legal space for people of an area to come face-to-
face with the project proponent and the government and express their concerns
in general and environmental issues in particular. This is one of the best platform
for the public/stakeholders to put upon their views about the project planned for
in their area. It is thus important that these issues being raised requires proper
attention and be redressed as quickly and as sooner as possible.
Attempts have been made to categorize various issues raised during public
hearing or public consultations. These issues can be broadly classified into Issues
related to General, Air, Water, Noise/Vibration, Soil and Socio-economic. The
various issues has been represented through the issue tree diagram at fig 2. A
conceptual issues tree has been framed for solving mine environmental issues.
The issues categorization has been made only for the environmental issues raised
in various public hearing proceedings conducted in India. The issues raised are
broadly classified into Physical and Socio-economic issues. The physical issues
are related to air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, land/soil pollution.
This covers the left part of the issue tree referred in fig. 2. On the other hand the
right part refers to the socio-economic. Air pollution issues may include road
worthiness, fire, fugitive emission, fly ash etc. The water Pollution issues includes
drinking water and noise pollution issues includes vibration, noise distraction
issues also. Soil/ Land Pollution issues includes reclamation/afforestation issues
being raised stakeholders most often.
Socio-economic issues wide variety of sub-issues related to drinking water,
electricity,road, health, education, company social responsibility (CSR),and
compensation to land losers and homestead, employment. This also includes the
mode of PH information or whether the information about time and venue of PH
been received or not.
CONCLUSION
It is important to state that the findings of public hearings have hadconsiderable

influence on the EIA Review. In some cases certain aspects ofthe project proposal
had to be altered, additional mitigation proposals andcommitments are to be
made and final decision on projects delayed untilsubstantive issues are
addressed. Categorization of Issues raised in the public hearing process will help
the project proponent in resolving and implementing their project in smoother
way.
REFERENCES
1 Abbasi, S A, Arya, D S, [2004],Environmental Impact Assessment

(Available Techniques, Emerging trends), Discovery Publishing House,
New Delhi.
2 Canter, Larry, W , “Environmental Impact Assessment”, McGraw-Hill
Education (ISE Edi, Internat.2r.e. edition [1996].
3 Compendium Of Gazette Notifications, Office Memoranda Under
Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 2006, MoEF&CC, Nov-2014,
pp. 389-398.
4 Effective implementation of EIA Notification – Public hearing, circular no.
MPCB/RO(HQ/B-4289. Dtd 04/08/2012
5 Hosetti, B B& Kumar, A , “EnvironmentImpact Assessment and
Management”,Daya Publishing House, India (pp 1-16)
6 Nichols, K G [1979], Technology on Trial : Public Participation in Decision
Making Related to Science and Technology , OECD, Paris.

7 Public hearing on Environment and Development, People’s Commission of
Environment & Development, India, New Delhi, 1995.
8 S. M. ZobaidulKabir, SalimMomtaz. [2013] “Fifteen Years Of
Environmental Impact Assessment System In Bangladesh: Current
Practice, Challenges And Future Directions”, Journal of Environmental
Assessment Policy and Management 15:04. Online publication date: 1-
Dec-2013.
9 Seth Appiah-Opoku, Hobson C. Bryan. [2013] EA follow-up in the
Ghanaian mining sector: Challenges and opportunities. Environmental
Impact Assessment Review 41, 38-44. Online publication date: 1-Jul-2013.
10 Srivastava, A K, (2003), Environment Impact Assessment, APH Publish
corporation, New Delhi
11 Thomas B. Fischer, UrmilaJha-Thakur, Samuel Hayes. [2015],
“Environmental Impact Assessment And Strategic Environmental
Assessment Research In The UK”. Journal of Environmental Assessment
Policy and Management 17:01. Online publication date: 1-Mar-2015.
12 http://ccl.gov.in/intiatives/env_frst.htm
13 http://envfor.nic.in/legis/eia/so1533.pdf
14 http://www.energydigital.com/top10/3790/Top-10-Coal-Producing-
Countries-in-the-World
15 http://www.moef.nic.in/circulars
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Diwali: the festival of pollution free light
N. Sundaresan Iyer
Chennai, India
Diwali or deepawali , means the festival of lights . diwali has great significance
in hindu culture like Gayatri mantra, which also means leading us from darkness
to light. Ancient history states that when milky ocean (kheer Sagar) was
churned, goddess laxmi, the goddess of wealth, appeared as a result of that
churning .Diwali is a festival of paying tribute to goddess laxmi . As per
Ramayana, After defeating Ravana, when Rama came back to Ayodhya, People
celebrated Diwali, by lighting earthen lamps . As per Mahabharata, When
Krishna killed Narakasur, the lamps were lit to celebrate victory over the evil.
For generations, Diwali was celebrated as the festival of light. However, the
practice of burning crackers came into existance much later.
Diwali is celebrated all over india with great zeal & vigor . In North India, it is
celebrated in memory of lord Ram & in South India, in memory of lord Krishna
.During diwali people wear new clothes, distribute sweets, visit temples .
In South India, for newly married couples or couples blessed with new baby
it is called “thala” (first) diwali . The couples wear new garments & exchange
sweets, share a light moment of their life by lighting sparklers.
On diwali people get up early in the morning, offer prayer to God, make a special
paste and apply it with oil on their fore head . Then they apply 7 drops of oil on
their thigh signifying the presence of Saptha Rishis within them. After that, they
chew some betel leaves, as a part of the ritual.Finally, they take bath with herbal
powder and celebrate the day by sharing of sweets & savories
In South, crackers are made in Sivakasi. No doubt crakers contribute a lot
towards environmental pollution, but if this phenomenon can be done in a
useful way by using recycled papers & by use of eco friendly substances, which
produces less or zero noise, release no harmful gases rather useful gases, then?
This is truly an area where studies like biotechnology & biochemical
technology can be put into use in such a way that , the crackers burst & release
gases which are meant for the betterment of environment , thus promoting a
safe environment & greener earth. Happy Diwali in advance.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Inspiring Millions: The Green Actors
S. Nayek
Cuttuck, Odisha
Life of a celebrity is not easy. His/her

each and every step is always in the news
and always a matter of gossip as well as
discussion. Many celebrities use this star
power to inspire millions and promote
conservation of nature and natural
resources. Few names of green actors or
eco-actors from India are listed below:
Aamir Khan
Aamir Khan, superstar and celebrity who backs the go green campaign. He has
great regard for this environmentalist campaign and has always supported the
cause to spread the message across the public.
Priyanka Chopra
The former Miss World, star from

Bollywood, also belongs to this fame. She is
known for her initiatives to save the earth
and make it a clean and healthy place to live
in. She has been supporting various
environments campaigns in the past. She is
also the ambassador for NDTV’s environmental campaign “Greenathon”
Abhishek Bachchan

Abhishek Bachchan, being a star from Bollywood, is
not only been supporting the Go-Green cause, but
also his dedication has made him winner of the
Green Globe Award for his outstanding efforts by a
celebrity in fighting climatic change.
John Abraham
John Abraham, the star from Bollywood is

helping to create India’s first elephant village
in Maharashtra with the help of local bodies
and helpful communities. He was also
awarded an EcoWarrior Award for helping
elephants find a new home in natural
surroundings.
Rahul Bose
Actor Rahul Bose is the super talented star from Bollywood as well as
Tollywood (Bengali film industry) consistently worked to raise the profile of
climate change in India and overseas. In 2009, Rahul, who represented Oxfam at
the UN Climate Conference in
Copenhagen, joined tens of thousands of
demonstrators at a mass rally and
candlelight vigil outside the Danish
Parliament in Copenhagen. In 2011, Bose
and Priyanka Chopra were involved in a
joint program of the United Nations
Environment Program and the
International Indian Film Academy. Rahul
raised the stakes by pledging to plant two trees for every activity registered in his
name.
Nandita Das
Actress and activist Nandita Das is an environmentalist too.

He has worked hard for spearheading the water literacy
movement in 2003. She collaborated with the New Delhi-
based Centre for Science and Environment to produce 90-
second service films on rainwater harvesting.
Gul Panag
Gul is known to be the super talented star of offbeat

movies from Bollywood. Gul is part of the Col.
Shamsher Singh Foundation and Gul 4 Change and Green Comandos – a citizen
action initiative to save the environment.
Buddhaditya Mohanty
Buddhaditya Mohanty is a star and heartthrob from Ollywood (oriya film

industry), well known for his works in hindi tele soaps
and serials like Meher, Kumkum, Pratima, Stree teri
kahani, Kya hua tera vaada and many more. Being a
nature lover and a responsible celebrity, he always raises
his voice in support of the issues related to conservation
of nature and natural resources. His love for birds and
animals are well known to public, whether it is about
keeping cold water on the road for street dogs or on
terrace for thirsty birds, or celebration of pollution free
Diwali or chemical free Holi, he always shares his views and inspire millions
through his activities in day to day life. He supports many environmental
organizations, working to ensure a better environment.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Durga Puja and Homecoming: An excitement keeps me close
home
Sudip Dey
New Delhi, India
When Kans grass starts growing on the protruding river beds of Yamuna, I can
hear the footsteps of the Mother Goddess echoing in the air. It is when I notice the
clouds resembling puffy cotton balls paint the spotless blue canvas of the sky. I
start taking a longer route to home, just to check if the night jasmine tree in my
neighbour’s yard is blooming or not. The day I get to have a glimpse of these
three together, I can feel the Puja is knocking at the door. I ask Maa if she needs a
Tussar or Jamdani saree this Puja while she ends up with the same query, “Are
you coming this time?”
I still remember the childhood days when Puja was synonymous to an occasion
when Maa and Baba would take us out for shopping and my sister and I used to
end up fighting over the number of dresses we could buy out of our allotted
budget. There was excitement, fun, jealousy and a mild tune of sadness after the
idol was immersed in the river Barak.
Listening to Maa, I got nostalgic. I was sunk in the oblivion, thinking about Baba’s
best attempt to hold me up on his shoulder to see the tallest of Durga idol even in
the most jam-packed pandal of the city.
Since my childhood, I was out of home, away from my parents. So, Durga Puja
was more about meeting my family than a mere religious celebration. With the
mythological tales of Goddess Durga’s arrival at her maternal home, I could easily
relate my experience. Initially in Silchar (back in my hometown) there were
around 80-100 pandals out of which around 10-15 Puja Pandals were the most
crowd gathering.
In 2013, for the first time, I was out of home during Durga Puja. In Delhi, there
was no holiday on Ashtami so that I could go offering Pushpanjali or to have bhog
on the auspicious day of Navami. I cried like a baby. There was no excitement to
get ready in the evening to go pandal hopping. Neither, I had any urge to wear the
newly purchased clothes. Without friends, acquaintances or a single family
member, I was alone roaming from pandal to pandal. The scaffoldings, I got to see
in Delhi were way better than the ones we usually see in Silchar. These were all
about gaiety and somehow showing-off. I could see people giggling in groups,
having fun with their fellow mates or taking selfies every now and then. There
were innumerable food stalls – both vegetarian and non-vegetarian being
thronged by the foodies and the fragrance of distinctive types of grilled chicken
and biryani were tantalising my taste buds.
In Silchar, the big budget Durga Puja would not mean more than 20 lacs. Here the
roads are narrow and filled with potholes. Unfortunately, by the time Durga Puja
holds, the post-monsoon affect does not actually disappear which result into the
occurrence of pathetic roadways. But, even amidst so many disturbing things to
complain about, there is something what makes my city popular in and out. Here
the Puja committees announce a cold war a month advance against each other in
terms of budget or the theme. But nowhere this extravagant festival appears as a
way to show off the opulence.
Bengalis are always identified with art/culture. And there can’t be a better option
than the Durga Puja to get this proved. In Delhi too, the Puja organising

committees leave no stones unturned to arrange the best of the cultural events
along with musical nights and competitions. Apart from the Conch blowing or
classical dance competition, the youngsters do take part in Dhunuchi Nach, which
is an inseparable part of this royal celebration.
I love to recall the days, when I was a young village lad. I had no idea about what
big-budget Puja would really mean nor about did the theme base ones. Those
days, the innocent child in me would wait for that auspicious morning of
Mahalaya when special programmes used to be aired both in All India Radio and
Kolkata Doordarshan (there was no cable or internet). In our village, there was
only one pandal where I along with my siblings used to pitch our tent for the four
days of Durga Puja and the best part was obviously none used to force us to study
in these four days. There was no lavishness, yet there was life. There was only
one dress, yet there was joy in my mind. There was only one barrier between me
and my fantasy world, and it was my classes which used to be closed for a month
on the occasion of Durga Puja.
After 2013, I took an oath not to dare ever to spend the Durga Puja alone in Delhi.
There is everything in Delhi, we wish to enjoy during Durga Puja, yet there is
nothing. People here do not speak Sylheti (my native language). Even though, I
am equally comfortable in Hindi and English, I can’t identify myself with this
environment where people talk in typical Kolkatan accent. Rest of the year, I find
it very normal, because somewhere down the line, I know I can speak, think and
dream in my native language for those ‘15 days’ of the year when I will be myself.
It is when neither I need to copy the accent of Kolkatan Bengali, nor the Hindi of
Delhi and yet I can be myself. I can be the real me – unpretentious, simple small
town boy.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Dialogue
Geeta Chhabra
Mumbai, India
Autumn.
It is the golden season of notes –
With a learned voice.
Autumn.
It returns to me –
Like an ascetic yogi,
To reveal the veil of impermanence.

O, Spring.
How well I learn my lessons –
From your sibling.
Autumn gazes into my heart
With exceptional colours!
O, Spring.
Your covetous gaze

Will not hold on because...
Your beauteous face is marred
By perverted beliefs.
You are too proud.
Your heady starts are too reckless!
A mere facade.
A faux pas!
O! Spring.
The bees that lambent.
The swans that glide.
The birds that sing.
Or, the kites that collide.
They do not lambent, glide, sing or collide –
Due to your ingenuity!
They simply follow an orderly, faultless pattern.
Even the late bloomer has a reason
To be late in blooming!
Your hysteria chains you to ignorance.
Ungoverned, you claim to be at par with:
The Vault of Heaven!
Banish such thoughts to learn from your sibling.
Ah! Autumn.
It is the golden season of notes –
With a learned voice.
Ah! Autumn.
It returns to me –
Like an ascetic yogi,
To reveal the veil of impermanence.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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M3/6/2
~~~~~~~~~~~~~

TEN CLEAR INDICATORS, OUR CLIMATE IS CHANGING
1. Air temperatures over land are 2. Air temperatures over oceans are
increasing increasing
3. Arctic Sea ice is decreasing 4. Glaciers are melting

5. Sea levels are rising 6. Humidity is increasing
7. Ocean heat content is increasing 8. Sea surface temperature is

increasing

9. Snow is decreasing 10. Earth’s lower atmosphere temperature is
increasing
Source:
• https://www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/10-indicators
indicators-that-show-
climate-change

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Vasundhara: IJENAS Special volume 1 (VISV 1)

Cover design: Mr. Anindya Mitra

Special Volume 1, October 2015 1

From 2014, CREESS-IJENAS is working to create environmental awareness

During last autumn, 2014, we conducted ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENTARY

Our editorial-cum-advisory board includes a well equiped team of scientists and

Special Volume 1, October 2015 2

Our Environmental Documentary Section has been strengthened by gracious

For more details, you can visit our website:

Special Volume 1, October 2015 3

Dr. Pulak Das

Special Volume 1, October 2015 4

Samudra-Vasane Devi, Parvata-Stana-Mandite

In India, Autumn is considered as the season to worship Goddess Durga, the

Interestingly enough, Nabapatrika was actually a popular ritual performed by the

Special Volume 1, October 2015 5

Shakambari is also known as Vanashankari /Banashankari, or Banadevi (Ban or

Dr. Pinki Purkayastha

Special Volume 1, October 2015 6

A/BC Dn?/ .................................................................................................................................................................. 14

What is Poetry? ......................................................................................................................................................... 18

शित उपासना का तीक दग

Woman walking against wind/ ......................................................................................................................... 23

Durga Puja In Melbourne ..................................................................................................................................... 26

Celebrating Earth Day!!!!!! ................................................................................................................................... 28

Q,D3K M6I2ICB 8/6/5я, aDs/? ...................................................................................................................... 31

M9I8 oT/ uV- o 3/B W-I,B ,X/ ............................................................................................................ 36

Special Volume 1, October 2015 7

M3/6/; 5DC/2 V;3 ................................................................................................................................................. 38

GT/\ MC]/ ...................................................................................................................................................................... 39

M6/; MG^V/G ................................................................................................................................................................... 42

5?5`d 8b-/V ............................................................................................................................................................. 44

" sp Y^,/ De5fB яI- " ........................................................................................................................................ 45

B/я/B 5g5T .................................................................................................................................................................... 59

Diwali: the festival of pollution free light ..................................................................................................... 60

6/ Y6/2 Ve5XD1I3 Y8I3 C/o........................................................................................................................... 63

Inspiring Millions: The Green Actors ............................................................................................................ 64

a8I6B 6/5@ eDb 6/5@B 6/?4` .......................................................................................................................... 67

Y5я 34 56 D.s ............................................................................................................................................................ 72

Durga Puja and Homecoming: An excitement keeps me close home ............................................. 73

YI-/ Y6/B YI-/ .................................................................................................................................................. 75

l/5m D/D/I,... ............................................................................................................................................................ 79

TEN CLEAR INDICATORS, OUR CLIMATE IS CHANGING...................................................................... 80

Concept and Photography: Mr. Rajarshi Bhattacharjee,

Model: Miss Rajeswari Bhattacharjee,

Special Volume 1, October 2015 9

Ya Devi Sarvabhutesu MatriRupen Sangsthita

Ya Devi Sarvabhutesu ShaktiRupen Sangsthita

Namah Prakrityaiyee Bhadrayee Niyatah Pranatah sma Tam (shloka 9)

Namah Jagatpratisthaiyee Devyayiee Kritye Namo Namah

Sarvarupamayee devi sarvang devimayang jagat

Special Volume 1, October 2015 11

6/ 9D/?1 Y8ID DI-

Special Volume 1, October 2015 12

Special Volume 1, October 2015 13

Special Volume 1, October 2015 14

Concept and Illustration by: Mr. Kapil Chowdhry

Y56 pGBg/I`B ,/AD/C/6 । Y56 6H53K?C1B rV,X/ 5At । Y56 L5Bt1 ,

Special Volume 1, October 2015 15

Special Volume 1, October 2015 16

Special Volume 1, October 2015 17

A purling waterfall writes a poetry.

Ocean of pang is the name of poetry,

State of seclusion calls a poetry.

ू ा का एक अहम थान है। सारे देश म जगह-जगह िवशेषकर

3D4o 5IB 5IB YI8 D`K/, 595яI2 MC2 t×> 6?।

p,e53 я/I? MB/I3 [/D0 L/B/