Soal kelompok 1

BAB KINEMATIKA

1. The velocity of a particle moving in the positive direction of the 𝑥 axis varies as 𝑣 = 𝛼 √𝑥,
where 𝛼 is a positive constant. Assuming that at the moment 𝑡 = 0 the particle was located
at the point 𝑥 = 0, find:
a. The time dependence of the velocity and the acceleration of the particle,
b. The mean velocity of the particle averaged over the time that the particle takes to cover
the first 𝑠 time metres of the path.

Answer:

a. As particle unidirectional motion it is directed along the x-axis all the time. As at 𝑡 = 0,
𝑥 = 0.

𝑑𝑣
jadi, ∆𝑥 = 𝑥 = 𝑠, and 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑤

sehingga, 𝑣 = 𝛼 √𝑥 = 𝛼 √𝑥,

𝑑𝑣 𝛼 𝑑𝑠 𝛼
atau, 𝑤= =2 =2
𝑑𝑡 √𝑠 𝑑𝑡 √𝑠

𝛼𝑣 𝛼 𝛼 √𝑠 𝛼2
= = =
2√𝑠 2 √𝑠 2

𝑑𝑣 𝛼2
𝑤= =
𝑑𝑡 2

𝑣 𝑣 𝛼2 𝛼2
Dengan mengintegralkan ∫0 𝑑𝑣 = ∫0 2
𝑑𝑡 or 𝑣 = 2
𝑡

b. Let sbe the time to cover first s of the path,

𝑠 = ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑡
𝑡
𝛼2 𝛼2 𝑡2
𝑠=∫ 𝑑𝑡 =
2 2 2
0
 2
𝑡= √𝑠
𝛼
Maka kecepatan partikel,
2√𝑠/𝛼
𝑡 𝛼2
∫ 𝑣(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 ∫0 2 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝛼 √𝑠
< 𝑣 >= = =
∫ 𝑑𝑡 2√𝑠/𝛼 2

2. David Morin Halaman 63

A beach ball is dropped rom rest at height h. Assume that the drag force 15 from the air takes
the form of fd – βv. Find the velocity and height as a function of time.

Answer:
f = -m g – mαv
dv
m dt = −mg − mαv
dv
= −(g + αv)
dt
v t
dv
∫ = − ∫ dt
0 (g + αv) 0

Misalkan:

u = g + αv

du du
=α→ dv
dv α
 du
u
∫ = ∫ −dt
u
1 b
− ln u | = −t
α a
1 g + αv v
ln ( ) | = −t
α g 0
1 g + αv
ln ( ) = −αt
α g
g + αv
= e−αt
g
αv
= e−αt − 1
g
g −αt
v = (e − 1)
α
g
v(t) = (e−αt − 1)
α

Mencari h

𝑑𝑦 𝑔
= − (1 − 𝑒 −𝛼𝑡 )
𝑑𝑡 𝛼

𝑦(𝑡) 𝑡
𝑔
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ − (1 − 𝑒 −𝛼𝑡 )𝑑𝑡
ℎ 0 𝛼

𝑔 𝑡 𝑡
𝑦(𝑡) − ℎ = − [∫ 𝑑𝑡 − ∫ 𝑒 −𝛼𝑡 𝑑𝑡]
𝛼 0 0

Misalkan:

u = - αt

𝑑𝑢
= −𝛼
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑢
− = 𝑑𝑡
𝛼

𝑔 1
= − (𝑡 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢)
𝛼 𝛼
 𝑔 1 𝑡
= − (𝑡 + 𝑒 −𝛼𝑡 | )
𝛼 𝛼 0

𝑔 1
= − (𝑡 + (𝑒 −𝛼𝑡 − 1))
𝛼 𝛼

𝑔 1
𝑦(𝑡) − ℎ = − (𝑡 − (1 − 𝑒 −𝛼𝑡 ))
𝛼 𝛼

𝑔 1
𝑦(𝑡) =ℎ− (𝑡 − (1 − 𝑒 −𝛼𝑡 ))
𝛼 𝛼