PVSYST V6.

43 05/11/17 Page 1/4

Stand Alone System: Simulation parameters

Project : Stand Alone Project at Dakar

Geographical Site Dakar Country Senegal
Situation Latitude 14.7°N Longitude 17.5°W
Time defined as Legal Time Time zone UT Altitude 40 m
Albedo 0.20
Meteo data: Dakar MeteoNorm 7.1 station - Synthetic

Simulation variant : New simulation variant

Simulation date 05/11/17 19h14

Simulation parameters
Collector Plane Orientation Tilt 16° Azimuth 0°
Models used Transposition Perez Diffuse Perez, Meteonorm

PV Array Characteristics
PV module Si-mono Model CS6X - 270M
Original PVsyst database Manufacturer Canadian Solar Inc.
Number of PV modules In series 3 modules In parallel 6 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 18 Unit Nom. Power 270 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 4860 Wp At operating cond. 4314 Wp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 95 V I mpp 45 A
Total area Module area 34.5 m² Cell area 31.0 m²

PV Array loss factors

Thermal Loss factor Uc (const) 20.0 W/m²K Uv (wind) 0.0 W/m²K / m/s
Wiring Ohmic Loss Global array res. 36 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.5 % at STC
Serie Diode Loss Voltage Drop 0.7 V Loss Fraction 0.6 % at STC
Module Quality Loss Loss Fraction -0.5 %
Module Mismatch Losses Loss Fraction 1.0 % at MPP
Incidence effect, ASHRAE parametrization IAM = 1 - bo (1/cos i - 1) bo Param. 0.05

System Parameter System type Stand alone with back-up generator System
Battery Model 8-CS-25PS
Manufacturer Rolls
Battery Pack Characteristics Voltage 48 V Nominal Capacity 2043 Ah
Nb. of units 6 in series x 3 in parallel
Temperature Fixed (20°C)
Controller Model FLEXmax 60 - 48V
Manufacturer Outback
Technology MPPT converter Temp coeff. -5.0 mV/°C/elem.
Converter Maxi and EURO efficiencies 98.1/96.8 %
Battery management control Treshold commands as Battery voltage
Charging 54.8/50.1 V Corresp. SOC 0.87/0.75
Discharging 45.1/48.9 V Corresp. SOC 0.12/0.45
Back-Up Genset Command 45.8/51.1 V Corresp. SOC 0.15/0.64
Back-up generator (genset) Model 3 kW
Manufacturer Back-up generator
Nominal power 3.0 kW Effective Power 2.0 kW

User's needs : Daily household consumers Constant over the year

average 20.6 kWh/Day
PVSYST V6.43 05/11/17 Page 2/4

Stand Alone System: Detailed User's needs

Project : Stand Alone Project at Dakar
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Stand alone with back-up generator
PV Field Orientation tilt 16° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model CS6X - 270M Pnom 270 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 18 Pnom total 4860 Wp
Battery Model 8-CS-25PS Technology sealed, plates
battery Pack Nb. of units 18 Voltage / Capacity 48 V / 2043 Ah
User's needs Daily household consumers Constant over the year global 7534 kWh/year

Daily household consumers, Constant over the year, average = 20.6 kWh/day

Annual values

Number Power Use Energy

Lamps (LED or fluo) 10 10 W/lamp 5 h/day 500 Wh/day
TV / PC / Mobile 4 100 W/app 5 h/day 2000 Wh/day
Domestic appliances 3 500 W/app 4 h/day 6000 Wh/day
Fridge / Deep-freeze 2 24 Wh/day 1598 Wh/day
Dish- & Cloth-washers 1 2 Wh/day 2000 Wh/day
Ventilation 1 100 W tot 24 h/day 2400 Wh/day
Air conditioning 2 1000 W tot 3 h/day 6000 Wh/day
Stand-by consumers 24 h/day 144 Wh/day
Total daily energy 20642 Wh/day

Hourly profile
4000
Fraction of daily enegy [%]

3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
PVSYST V6.43 05/11/17 Page 3/4

Stand Alone System: Main results

Project : Stand Alone Project at Dakar
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Stand alone with back-up generator
PV Field Orientation tilt 16° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model CS6X - 270M Pnom 270 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 18 Pnom total 4860 Wp
Battery Model 8-CS-25PS Technology sealed, plates
battery Pack Nb. of units 18 Voltage / Capacity 48 V / 2043 Ah
User's needs Daily household consumers Constant over the year global 7534 kWh/year

Main simulation results

System Production Available Energy 8401 kWh/year Specific prod. 1729 kWh/kWp/year
Used Energy 7530 kWh/year Excess (unused) 498 kWh/year
Performance Ratio PR 71.1 % Solar Fraction SF 99.9 %
Back-Up energy from generator Back-Up energy 0 kWh/year Fuel Consumption 0/year

Normalized productions (per installed kWp): Nominal power 4860 Wp Performance Ratio PR and Solar Fraction SF
8 1.2
Lu : Unused energy (full battery) 0.28 kWh/kWp/day PR : Performance Ratio (Yf / Yr) : 0.711
Lc : Collection Loss (PV-array losses) 1.11 kWh/kWp/day SF : Solar Fraction (ESol / ELoad) : 0.999
7 Ls : System losses and battery charging 0.34 kWh/kWp/day
Yf : Energy supplied to the user 4.25 kWh/kWp/day 1.0

6
Normalized Energy [kWh/kWp/day]

0.8
Performance Ratio PR

4 0.6

3
0.4

0.2
1

0 0.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

New simulation variant

Balances and main results

GlobHor GlobEff E Avail EUnused E User E Load SolFrac

kWh/m² kWh/m² kWh kWh kWh kWh
January 153.6 173.6 700.1 0.0 639.8 639.9 1.000
February 164.5 179.5 717.6 94.1 577.3 578.0 0.999
March 206.1 211.0 834.0 153.3 639.1 639.9 0.999
April 210.5 201.7 807.2 145.5 618.4 619.3 0.999
May 209.4 189.8 765.4 80.9 639.2 639.9 0.999
June 188.7 167.9 674.8 15.8 618.8 619.3 0.999
July 176.1 158.5 630.0 0.0 639.8 639.9 1.000
August 167.8 156.8 620.7 0.0 640.0 639.9 1.000
September 162.3 159.8 627.8 0.0 619.3 619.3 1.000
October 173.4 182.3 708.2 0.0 639.9 639.9 1.000
November 151.7 168.7 662.7 8.1 619.0 619.3 1.000
December 143.7 164.0 652.6 0.0 639.8 639.9 1.000

Year 2107.8 2113.6 8401.0 497.8 7530.3 7534.5 0.999

Legends: GlobHor Horizontal global irradiation E User Energy supplied to the user
GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings E Load Energy need of the user (Load)
E Avail Available Solar Energy SolFrac Solar fraction (EUsed / ELoad)
EUnused Unused energy (full battery) loss
PVSYST V6.43 05/11/17 Page 4/4

Stand Alone System: Loss diagram

Project : Stand Alone Project at Dakar
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Stand alone with back-up generator
PV Field Orientation tilt 16° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model CS6X - 270M Pnom 270 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 18 Pnom total 4860 Wp
Battery Model 8-CS-25PS Technology sealed, plates
battery Pack Nb. of units 18 Voltage / Capacity 48 V / 2043 Ah
User's needs Daily household consumers Constant over the year global 7534 kWh/year

Loss diagram over the whole year

2108 kWh/m² Horizontal global irradiation

+3.4% Global incident in coll. plane

-3.0% IAM factor on global

2114 kWh/m² * 35 m² coll. Effective irradiance on collectors

efficiency at STC = 14.08% PV conversion

10278 kWh Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)

-1.4% PV loss due to irradiance level

-12.7% PV loss due to temperature

+0.5% Module quality loss

-1.0% Module array mismatch loss

-1.9% Ohmic wiring loss

-5.8% Unused energy (full battery) loss

8129 kWh Effective energy at the output of the array

-2.5% Converter Loss during operation (efficiency)

-0.3% Converter Loss over nominal conv. power
0.0% Converter Loss due to power threshold
0.0% Converter Loss over nominal conv. voltage
0.0% Converter Loss due to voltage threshold
Back-up generator
7903 kWh Converter losses (effic, overload)
0.0%
0.0 kWh Battery Storage
Direct use Stored +0.3% Battery Stored Energy balance
67.5% 32.5%

-1.9% Battery efficiency loss

-0.9% Charge/Disch. Current Efficiency Loss
-1.7% Gassing Current (electrolyte dissociation)
-0.8% Battery Self-discharge Current
Energy supplied to the user

7534 kWh Energy need of the user (Load)