Digital Assignment

Name: Shalini

Reg no: 17BCE0233

Slot: B1

AIM : IOT based solution to safety automation system for

industrial plants.

Basically it involved three major steps for it’s functioning.

(A) Component and prototyping:

• Listing and gathering of components

• Making the algorithm for the Arduino code and test on basic conditions

(B) Making the Simple structure:

• Make the basic structure without the installation on the real project and set the threshold
conditions

(c) Installations and automations:

• Install all the sensors and microcontrollers in the actual model

• Automate it by using Bluetooth /Wifi and get the result on the mobile device

Smoke detector: whenever smoke level exceeds a certain threshold start fan

Hazardous gases : Whenever carbon monoxide is detected alarm will be raised and fan will
start

Flame detector: Whenever high temperature levels and flame is detected switch on water
pump and fan.

High temperature : Whenever the temperature is higher than the operating temperature
raise alarm

We have used various components to achieve our goal .They are :

 • Arduino microcontroller

• MQ2, DHT11 sensor

• Bluetooth/Wifi module

• Buzzers

Node MCU is open source platform, their hardware design is open for edit/modify/build.

Node MCU Dev Kit has Arduino like Analog (i.e. A0) and Digital (D0-D8) pins on its board.

Node MCU Development board is featured with wifi capability, analog pin, digital pins and serial
communication protocols. MQ2 sensor : (MQ2) module is useful for gas leakage detection (home
and industry). It is suitable for detecting H2, LPG, CH4, CO, Alcohol, Smoke or Propane. Due to its
high sensitivity and fast response time, measurement can be taken as soon as possible. The
sensitivity of the sensor can be adjusted by potentiometer.
Wide detecting scope ,Stable ,long lifetime ,Fast response and High sensitivity. It is a Metal Oxide
Semiconductor (MOS) type Gas Sensor also known as Semi resistors as the detection is based upon
change of resistance of the sensing material when the Gas comes in contact with the material. Using
a simple voltage divider network, concentrations of gas can be detected.

MQ2 Gas sensor works on 5V DC and draws around 800mW. It can detect LPG, Smoke, Alcohol,
Propane, Hydrogen, Methane and Carbon Monoxide concentrations anywhere from 200 to
10000ppm.

The sensor is actually enclosed in two layers of fine stainless steel mesh called Anti-explosion
network. It ensures that heater element inside the sensor will not cause an explosion, as we are
sensing flammable gases.
It also provides protection for the sensor and filters out suspended particles so that only gaseous
elements are able to pass inside the chamber. The mesh is bound to rest of the body via a copper
plated clamping ring.

This is how the sensor looks like when outer mesh is removed. The star-shaped structure is formed
by the sensing element and six connecting legs that extend beyond the Bakelite base. Out of six, two
leads (H) are responsible for heating the sensing element and are connected through Nickel-
Chromium coil, well known conductive alloy.

The remaining four leads (A & B) responsible for output signals are connected using Platinum Wires.
These wires are connected to the body of the sensing element and convey small changes in the
current that passes through the sensing element.

The tubular sensing element is made up of Aluminum Oxide (AL2O3) based ceramic and has a coating
of Tin Dioxide (SnO2). The Tin Dioxide is the most important material being sensitive towards
combustible gases. However, the ceramic substrate merely increases heating efficiency and ensures
the sensor area is heated to a working temperature constantly. So, the Nickel-Chromium coil and
Aluminum Oxide based ceramic forms a Heating System; while Platinum wires and coating of Tin
Dioxide forms a Sensing System.

LM35 is an integrated analog temperature sensor whose electrical output is proportional to Degree
Centigrade. LM35 Sensor does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical
accuracies. The LM35’s low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration make
interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy.

Main advantage of LM35 is that it is linear i.e. 10mv/°C which means for every degree rise in
temperature the output of LM35 will rise by 10mv. So if the output of LM35 is 220mv/0.22V the
temperature will be 22°C. So if room temperature is 32°C then the output of LM35 will be 320mv i.e.
0.32V.

It is a 3-terminal sensor used to measure surrounding temperature ranging from -55 °C to 150 °C.

So we have discussed about the components required for this set up in detail . Now we shall throw
light upon it’s practical execution:

Basically an incense stick was lit up for smoke production .

The MQ2 and LM35 sensor now continuously sends data to the database via WiFi so that the
database is updated constantly. Now whenever we access the database from some other location
we can easily get all the values of gas concentration and temperature. With great efficacy these
sensors sense and detect smoke and heat and give accurate gas concentration and temperature.We
have used wifi for greater speed.

I would like to conclude by stating that this setup can prove useful for quick smoke /fire hazard
detection .The buzzers attached can be used as alerting devices. It has got a upper hand over other
devices as apart from alerting it also displays the exact gas concentration which can prove quite
useful in analysing smoke and fire related hazards.