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Reservoir quality using the routine core analysis data of Abu Roash “C” in Badr
El Din-15 oil field, Abu Gharadig basin, north Western Desert, Egypt

Article  in  Journal of African Earth Sciences · February 2017

DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.02.019

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Accepted Manuscript

Reservoir quality using the routine core analysis data of Abu Roash “C” in Badr El
Din-15 oil field, Abu Gharadig basin, north Western Desert, Egypt

Moataz Kh. Barakat, Ahmed Z. Nooh

PII: S1464-343X(17)30063-8
DOI: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.02.019
Reference: AES 2820

To appear in: Journal of African Earth Sciences

Received Date: 23 September 2016

Revised Date: 9 February 2017
Accepted Date: 10 February 2017

Please cite this article as: Barakat, M.K., Nooh, A.Z., Reservoir quality using the routine core analysis
data of Abu Roash “C” in Badr El Din-15 oil field, Abu Gharadig basin, north Western Desert, Egypt,
Journal of African Earth Sciences (2017), doi: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.02.019.

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 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

Reservoir Quality Using the Routine Core Analysis Data of Abu Roash “C” in

Badr El Din-15 Oil Field, Abu Gharadig Basin, North Western Desert, Egypt

Moataz Kh. Barakat (1, 2) and Ahmed Z. Nooh (3)

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(1)
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt

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(2)
Exploration Geology Department, Institute for Applied Geosciences, Technical University of

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Berlin, Germany
(3)
Faculty of Science and Engineering, American University, Cairo, Egypt

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moatazbarakat@science.tanta.edu.eg
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Abstract
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The Abu Gharadig basin is one of the most prolific basins in the northern part of the Western Desert, Egypt. It has
attracted the attention of many geologists and geophysicists for oil and gas exploration. This is due to existence of
the huge subsurface sedimentary section in the basin which includes important thickness of reservoir rocks.
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The study area occupies the northwestern part of Abu Gharadig basin between latitudes 29° 45' and 30° 05' N, and
longitudes 27° 30' and 28° 10' E. The present work deals with the routine core analysis for petrophysical evaluation
of the Abu Roash “C” Member. The available core samples belong to BED 15-3 and BED 15-7 wells in BED 15 oil
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field. The conventional core analyses include laboratory measurement of density (grain and bulk), helium porosity
and permeability (horizontal and vertical).
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The core analysis data indicate that Abu Roash “C” Member in BED-15 oil field is characterized by good reservoir
quality due to high values of porosity and permeability. The statistical analysis of core data can be used to generate
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new relations which help to determine one petrophysical parameters in term of other.

Keywords

Reservoir quality; Routine core analysis; Abu Gharadig basin; Badr El Din-15 oil

field; Egypt
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1. Introduction

The BED-15 oil field is a part of Badr El Din concession in the Western Desert,

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about 300 Km west of Cairo and about 100 km west of the Bed-1 producing oil

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field. The study area lies between latitudes 29° 45' and 30° 05' N., and longitudes

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27° 30' and 28° 10' E (Fig. 1). The BED15 Abu Roash “C” reservoir was

discovered in 1988 by BED 15-1 well. The well has penetrated about 5 m reservoir

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and tested oil at a rate of 2288 bpd (EGPC, 1992).
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The Abu Gharadig basin is an elongated asymmetric E-W trending, intra-cratonic
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half- graben system bounded to the north and south by the Qattara Ridge and the
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Sitra Platform, respectively (Fig. 2). During early Cretaceous, a sinistral wrenching
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prevailed resulting in a NE-SW series of normal faults (Meshref et al., 1988). In

Late Cretaceous (Turonian onward) a reversal in the regional stress field occurred
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and the area was dominated by dextral wrenching. This dextral wrenching
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expressed itself in compressional features oriented NE-SW, such as the Mid Basin
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arch, the Abu Gharadig anticline and Mubarak High. And extensional features

oriented WNW-ESE to NW-SE, such as normal faults forming a number of fault

terraces at the sub-horizontal Qattara Ridge and the central graben system forming

a horse tail structure (Fig.1a). This episode apparently culminated during the
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Santonian, which was a period of uplift and erosion, after which the tectonic

activity nearly ceased at the end of Khoman ‘A’ time (Abd El Aal and Moustafa,

1988). As a result of these movements, the basin is dissected by a series of normal

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faults trending NW-SE to WNW-ESE partitioning the area into separate fault

blocks such as BED-3, BED-15 and BED-16 structures, which are stepping toward

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the NE respectively.

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The main goal of this study is to determine the reservoir characterization and the

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rank of reservoir quality of Abu Roash “C” in BED-15 oil field, Abu Gharadig
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Basin, north Western Desert, Egypt. The routine core analysis data enabled us to

determine the petrophysical characteristics as porosity and permeability, and

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estimate production possibilities of the exploratory wells. Moreover, the reservoir

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quality index ‘RQI’ and flow zone indicator ‘FZI’ were determined using the
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technique discussed by Amaefule et al., (1993) and applied by many authors such
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as Tiab and Donaldson, (1996), and Nabawy and Al-Azazi, (2015).

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2. Geological setting
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2.1. Structural features

Egypt could be subdivided structurally from north to south, into Miogeosyncline,

Hinge Zone, Unstable shelf, Stable shelf, and Craton (Nubian Arabian Shield)
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(Said, 1990 and EGPC, 1992).The sedimentary basins of the north Western Desert

occupy two provinces: one to the north and the other to the south, which are

separated by the E-W to ENE trending Ras Qattara-North Sinai uplift (Meshref et

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al., 1988).

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The structural features of the Abu Gharadig Basin are dominated by NE-SW trends

which subdivided the basin into several structural units; named from W to E as the

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Mid Basin Arch, the Abu Gharadig anticline and the Mubarak High (Meshref,

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1990).
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Three different types of faults affect the Abu Gharadig basin; those are normal,
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reverse and strike-slip faults. The normal faults are the most predominant and

mainly trend E-W, ENE and WNW wards. The reverse faults are relatively few
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with ENE and E-W trends, while the strike slip faults are rarely encountered
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(Sultan and Halim, 1988). Small number of folds is present in the Abu Gharadig
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area.
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2.2. Stratigraphic framework

The stratigraphic column of the north Western Desert is thick enough to include

most of the sedimentary succession from Pre-Cambrian Basement Complex to

Recent (Moustafa, 2008) as shown in Figure (3).

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The main target unit in the study area is Abu Roash ”C” Member (Turonian) which

is mainly composed of sandstone, shale, and siltstone with some limestone

streaks; it was deposited in a restricted shallow marine shelf (Labib, 1985). Abu

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Roash ‘C’ in the Abu Gharadig basin was deposited in the Late Cretaceous

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(Turonian) as part of an overall transgression, which started in the Cenomanian

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(Bahariya Formation) and ended in the Maastrichtian (Khoman Formation)

(EGPC, 1992). The reservoir sand of Abu Roash ‘C’ was formed as a result of the

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increase of clastic supply from the southern margin of the basin, which was
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originally covered by huge lagoons (Khaled, 1999).
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The finer clastics that underlie the reservoir yielded brackish water fauna in the
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BED-1 area reflecting the fresh water supply and benthic forams and ostracods in
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the BED-15 area indicating marginal marine to inner neritic environment. This

clastic supply was deposited in the form of minor river deltas as in BED-1
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reservoir sand then reworked by wave and tide actions forming the back barrier
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complex as in BED-3 and BED-15 reservoir sand. This sand has laterally changed
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to be shallow marine shale at BED-2 area.

2.3. Exploration history

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The BED-15 oil field was discovered in 1988 by BED 15-1 well. A test carried out

over the Abu Roash “C” showed produced oil at a rate of 2288 b/d. After Bed 15-

1well was put on production in June 1989, the reservoir was further developed by

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the BED 15-3, BED 15-4A, BED 15-7, and BED 15-7 S/T wells.

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BED 15-3 and BED 15-4A came on stream in 1991 and 1993, respectively. The

field reached its peak production (~5,400 b/d) in May 1991 after hook-up of BED

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15-3. The BED 15-7 and 15-7A wells were drilled in 2002 to appraise the western

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extension of the channel sand with respect to reservoir development and fluid
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contacts.
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3. Materials and methods

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The routine core analyses were done by Corex Services LTD., Egypt. These data
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contain measuring grain and bulk densities, helium porosity, and permeability

(horizontal and vertical). The available core data of Abu Roash “C” Member in
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Badr El Din-15 oil field are from two boreholes BED 15-3 and BED 15-7 wells.
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Fifty one samples were taken from BED 15-3 well (depth 3120.15 -3133.95 m) and
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twenty eight samples from BED 15-7 well with depth 3227.10 -3233.73 m (except

for a total of nine samples which were described as claystone).

The helium injection technique was used to determine the porosity while the gas

permeability technique was used to measure the permeability in the horizontal and
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vertical directions. Porosity and permeability are classified according to the

classification proposed by Levorsen (1967) that modified by Nabawy et al., (2009

and 2015) and Nabawy and Al-Azazi, (2015) represented in Table-1.

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The reservoir quality index ‘RQI’, and Flow zone indicator ‘FZI’ were calculated

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as the follows (Amaefule et al., 1993).


RQI = 0.0314 

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Ø

Where K is "permeability"in millidarcy and Ø is "porosity" in volume fraction.

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 .√
= Ø
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 Ø/(Ø)
FZI=
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Where NPI is "Normalized Porosity Index".

4. Results and discussion

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The core analysis data is a positive evidence for hydrocarbon occurrence due to the
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presence of storage capacity for reservoir fluid (porosity), and expected flow
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capacity and distribution (permeability). The relationships between the different

petrophysical parameters are a good guide for determination of reservoir

characteristics. Table (2) shows the values of the different parameters of the

routine core analyses from BED 15-3, and BED 15-7 wells in the study area.
 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

According to the classification ranks for the reservoir rocks that was suggested by

Nabawy (2013 and 2015), the petrophysical parameters of Abu Roash “C”

reservoir in BED 15-3 well (Table-2) are characterized by grain density of average

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2.65 g/cm3 and bulk density of average 2.165 g/cm3. The values of the helium

porosity range from 16.87 % to 20.21%. The standard deviation is 0.79 %. Porosity

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values are ranked as good- to- very good with average values of øHe = 18.41 %.

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The horizontal permeability varies from 215.41 to 1051.74 md, while, the vertical

permeability values range from 73.93 to 859.0 md. The standard deviation values

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are 183.779 and 189.70 md for horizontal and vertical permeability respectively.

The average mean horizontal and vertical permeability values are ranked as good
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values (av. kH = 561.84 and av. kV = 352.35 md). Consequently, the reservoir
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quality index ‘RQI’ and the flow zone indicator ‘FZI’ have average value 1.709
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and 7.561µm respectively; they are ranked as good (Nabawy and Al-Azazi, 2015).
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On the other hand, the petrophysical parameters of Abu Roash “C” reservoir in

BED 15-7 well (Table-2) are characterized by relatively high grain density ‘ρg’
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values of 2.68 g/cm3 and low bulk density values of average 2.33 g/cm3. The
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helium porosity varies from 1.84% to 20.51%; it is ranked as impervious to very

good, and the high standard deviation is 7.113%. The mean value of the helium -

porosity which is 13.193 % is ranked as fair – to- good. The horizontal

permeability varies from 0.0289 to 667.74 md; however, the vertical permeability
 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

values range from 0.0216 to 610 md, (Table-2). The standard deviation values are

188.159 and 171.552 md for horizontal and vertical permeability respectively; they

are ranked as good values; where; av. kH = 192.96 and av. kV= 141.904 md.

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Consequently, the reservoir quality index ‘RQI’ and the flow zone indicator ‘FZI’

have average values of 0.845 and 4.45 µm respectively which are ranked as fair

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(Nabawy and Al-Azazi, 2015).

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The petrophysical properties of the Abu Roash “C” reservoir samples are studied

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through cross plot techniques on their parameters.
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4.1.Relations between helium porosity (∅He) and horizontal permeability(KH)
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The helium porosity and horizontal permeability of Abu Roash “C” in BED 15-3

well are plotted as shown in Figure (4). The relationship is represented as the
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horizontal permeability is reliant on the helium porosity with reliable relationships;

the relation has the form:

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KH = 0.0018*ø4.318 (r = 0.546)
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Also in BED 15-7 well, the same relationship between horizontal permeability and

helium porosity was represented by positive trends (Fig. 5) and the relation has the

form:
 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

KH = 0.0022*ø4.0759 (r = 0.960)

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These relations show that helium porosity increases with increasing horizontal

permeability. The high correlation coefficients mirror the ability to calculate one

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parameter from the other.

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4.2. Relations between horizontal and vertical permeability
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The relationship between horizontal permeability (KH) and vertical permeability

(KV) of Abu Roash “C” reservoir in BED 15-3 well is shown in Figure (6) and the
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same relation in BED 15-7 well is illustrated in Figure (7). These relations reflect
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moderate -to- strong correlation varying from 0.51 to 0.911which indicate strong
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relation between horizontal and vertical permeability and gives an indication of a

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good reservoir quality.

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4.3.Relations between reservoir quality index ‘RQI’ against each bulk density
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‘ρb’, helium porosity ‘∅He’ and horizontal permeability ‘kH’

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The main idea of the reservoir quality index RQI (Amaefule et al., 1993) is a

methodology to evaluate the reservoir productivity. Helium porosity ‘∅He’ and

horizontal permeability ‘kH’ are used in calculating the ‘RQI’.

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The reservoir quality index ‘RQI’ is plotted against bulk density, helium porosity

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‘∅He’, and horizontal permeability ‘kH’ for Abu Roash “C” reservoir in BED 15-3

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well (Figs.8-10). An arrangement of equations was determined to compute the RQI

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as far as the diverse petrophysical parameters:-
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RQI = 1264.5 *ρb-8.568 (r = -0.53)
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RQI = 0.0135*∅1.659 (r = 0.451)

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RQI = 0.0912*K0.465 (r = 0.99)

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It is obvious that the permeability reflects higher reliability than those of the bulk

density and helium porosity.

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On the other hand, similar relations between reservoir quality index ‘RQI’ are
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plotted versus bulk density, helium porosity ‘∅He’ and horizontal permeability ‘kH’

for samples from BED 15-7 well (Figs.11-13). Different empirical equations are

used for calculating the RQI as follow:

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RQI = 2E+06*ρb-17.9 (r = -0.966)

RQI = 0.0133*∅1.5539 (r = 0.959)

RQI = 0.2078*K0.3221 (r = 0.898)

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These equations inform that the helium porosity and horizontal permeability is the

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main provider for the ‘RQI’ with an excellent reliability.

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4.4. Relations between flow zone indicator ‘FZI’ against each bulk density

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‘ρb’, helium porosity ‘∅He’ and horizontal permeability ‘kH’
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Besides the reservoir quality index ‘RQI’, the flow zone indicator ‘FZI’ is used to

distinguish the reservoir rocks into flow units. Plotting the ‘FZI’ against the bulk
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density, helium porosity, and horizontal permeability for Abu Roash “C” reservoir
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in BED 15-3 well are shown in Figures (14-16). FZI can be computed regarding
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these parameters utilizing an arrangement of exponential equations as follow:-

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FZI = 105.83 *ρb-3.429 (r = -0.234)

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FZI = 2.113*∅0.4343 (r = 0.131)

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FZI = 0.6919*K0.3794 (r = 0.900)

The FZI versus the ρb of BED 15-7 well shows reliable distribution of data point (r

= -0.783) as shows in (Fig.17). Moreover, the figures (18-19) show an accepted

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reliability for plotting ‘FZI’ against ‘∅He’ (r = 0.782) and very good reliability for

plotting it versus horizontal permeability (r = 0.835).

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The statistical results of the plotting RQI and FZI against K for both BED 15-3 and

BED 15-7 wells are too close to each other. Therefore, horizontal permeability can

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be considered as the major factor controlling the reservoir quality.

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5. Conclusions

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The study of the available core data of Abu Roash “C” Member for BED 15-3, and
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BED 15-7 wells in BED-15 oil field reveals the following petrophysical
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information:
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1. The permeability is mostly affected by bulk density and effective porosity.

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2. The horizontal permeability is the major factor controlling the reservoir

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quality.

3. The relationship between the permeability and porosity is strong which helps
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to determine one parameter in term of the other.

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4. The values reservoir quality index ‘RQI’ and flow zone indicator ‘FZI’ are

1.709 and 7.561µm respectively for BED 15-3 well while they are 0.845 and

4.45 µm respectively for BED 15-7 well. This means that the reservoir

quality is better at BED 15-3 which lies to the east of the study area.
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5. The Abu Roash “C” Member in Badr El Din-15 oil field has good reservoir

properties (rank-3, good porosity, very good permeability, and fair -to- good

reservoir quality index ‘RQI’ and flow zone indicator ‘FZI’).

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to thank the reviewers for their comments that greatly improved and

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reconstructed the manuscript. Thanks are also due to Prof. Damien Delvaux Editor-

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in-Chief (Journal of African Earth Sciences) whose patience and insightful
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suggestions have led to a concise revised version.
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References
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Abd El Aal, A., and Moustafa, A.R., 1988. Structural framework of the Abu Gharadig Basin,
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Western Desert, Egypt, Paper presented at the 9thExploration and Production Conference,
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Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation, Cairo, Vol. 2, pp. 23-50.

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Amaefule, J.O., Altunbay, M., Tiab, D., Kersey, D.G. and Keelan, D.K., 1993. Enhanced
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reservoir description: using core and log data to identify hydraulic (flow) units and predict

permeability in uncored intervals/wells. SPE 26436. Presented at the Annual Technical

Conference and Exhibition, Houston, TX, pp.3–6

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Bosworth, W., Stockli, D., and Helgeson, D., 2015. Integrated outcrop, 3D seismic, and

geochronologic interpretation of Red Sea dike-related deformation in the Western Desert,

Egypt – The role of the 23 Ma Cairo ‘‘mini-plume’’, Journal of African Earth Sciences, 109,

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comprehensive overview). Paper Presented at the 11th Petroleum Exploration and Production

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Khaled, K.A., 1999. Cretaceous source rocks at the Abu Gharadig oil and gas field, northern
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Western Desert, Egypt. 'Review Journal of Petroleum Geology, vol. 22(4), pp.377–395
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Labib, M., 1985. Contributions to the geology of Upper Cretaceous with special emphasis on
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Levorsen, A.I., 1967. Geology of petroleum W.H. Freeman and San Francisco, 350 p.
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Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 113-156

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Moustafa. A. R., 2008. Mesozoic-Cenozoic basin evolution in the northern Western Desert of

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Nabawy, B.S., 2015. Impacts of the pore- and petro-fabrics on porosity exponent and
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lithology factor of Archie’s equation for carbonate rocks. Journal of African Earth Sciences,
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108, pp. 101–114

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Nabawy, B.S. and Al-Azazi, N.A.S., 2015. Reservoir zonation and discrimination using the
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routine core analyses data: the upper Jurassic Sab’atayn sandstones as a case study,

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Said, R., 1990. Geology of Egypt. Bolkema, Netherlands. 731 p.

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rock and fluid transport properties., Gulf Publ. Co., Houston, Texas, pp. 205-220
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C EP
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Table-1: Proposed ranks for the measured porosity and permeability data, for the RQI and

FZI (Nabawy and Al-Azazi, 2015).

Porosity (%) Rank Permeability (md) Rank RQI (µm) Rank FZI (µm) Rank

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0< Ø ≤5 0 0< K ≤1 0 0.00< RQI ≤0.25 0 0.00< FZI ≤1.00 0

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5< Ø ≤10 1 1< K ≤10 1 0.25< RQI ≤0.50 1 1.00< FZI ≤2.50 1

10< Ø ≤15 2 10< K ≤100 2 0.50< RQI ≤1.00 2 2.50< FZI ≤5.00 2

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15< Ø ≤20 3 100< K ≤1,000 3 1.00< RQI ≤2.00 3 5.00< FZI ≤10.0 3

20< Ø ≤25 4 4 1,000< K ≤10,000 4

U 2.00< RQI ≤5.00 4 10.0< FZI ≤15.0 4
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25< Ø 5 10,000< K 5 5.00< RQI 5 15.0< FZI 5
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Where, ‘∅’ is the porosity, ‘k’ is the permeability, ‘RQI’ is the reservoir quality index, and
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‘FZI’ is the flow zone indicator.

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Table-2: Values of the petrophysical parameters of the Abu Roash “C” obtained from routine

core analyses.

Well σg σb ∅He kH kV RQI FZI

name g/cm3 g/cm3 % md md µm µm

Mean 2.653859 2.165115 18.41604 561.8428 352.3520 1.709296 7.56116

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Standard
0.0081355 0.021224 0.794768 183.7790 189.7034 0.2645766 1.03518
Deviation

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BED 15-3

Minimum 2.6284160 2.116331 16.870387 215.4126 73.93 1.1141267 5.39725

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Maximum 2.6860283 2.206129 20.210039 1051.742 859 2.3356554 9.95168

Count 51 51
U51 51 51 51 51
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Mean 2.6848 2.33 13.193257 192.96 141.9043 0.845 4.45
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Standard
0.0194 0.1962545 7.1137403 188.159 171.5515 0.597103 2.04656
Deviation
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BED 15-7

Minimum 2.6595 2.1317352 1.8474552 0.0289 0.0216 0.036376 0.90175

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Maximum 2.7247 2.6470897 20.519882 667.74 610 1.812298 7.39747

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Count 19 19 19 19 19 19 19
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Where, ‘σg’ is the grain density, ‘σb’ is the bulk density, ‘∅He’ is the helium porosity, ‘kH’ is
the horizontal permeability, ‘kV’ is the vertical permeability, ‘RQI’ is the reservoir quality
index, and ‘FZI’ is the flow zone indicator.
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27 o 28 o 29 o 30 o

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a) 0 40

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Km AN
‘ ‘
27 o 40 27 o 50 ‘ 28 o 00
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o
30
D

00 ‘
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29 o
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50 ‘
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29 o
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40 ‘

b)

Figure 1: a) Location of Abu Gharadig Basin with the study area (red color) b) Location map
of the study area, blue circular refer to the study wells. Universal Transverse Mercator Zone
35 projection.
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o
25 o E 26 o E 27 o E 28o E 29 E o
30 E
o
31 E

32 o N

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31 o N

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30 o N

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AN
29 o N
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D

28 o N
TE

Figure 2: Location of the Mesozoic and Early Cenozoic basins (green areas) and structural
trends of northern Western Desert of Egypt (Bosworth et al., 2015), Universal Transverse
Mercator Zone 35 projection.
C EP
AC
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PT
RI
U SC
AN
M
D
TE
C EP
AC

Sandstone Limestone
Shale Dolomite
Basement Erosion non deposition

Figure.3: Generalized stratigraphic column of the North Western Desert of Egypt (Moustafa,
2008).
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10000.00
y = 0.0018x4.318
R² = 0.3021

1000.00
Permeability,kH (md)

PT
RI
100.00

SC
10.00

U
16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 21.0
Helium Porosity, øHe (%)
AN
Fig. 4: Relations between helium porosity (øHe) and horizontal permeability (KH) for Abu
M

Roash “C” reservoir in BED 15-3 well.

D

10000.00
TE

y = 0.0022x4.0759
R² = 0.9232
1000.00
EP

100.00
Permeability,kH (md)

10.00
C
AC

1.00

0.10

0.01
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0
Helium Porosity, øHe (%)

Fig. 5: Relations between helium porosity (øHe) and horizontal permeability (KH) for Abu
Roash “C” reservoir in BED 15-7 well.
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10000.00
y = 0.5239x + 57.989
R² = 0.2576
Permeability, kV (md)

1000.00

PT
RI
100.00

SC
10.00
100 1000

U
Permeability, kH (md)
AN
Fig. 6: Relations between horizontal permeability (KH) and vertical permeability (KV) for
Abu Roash “C” reservoir in BED 15-3 well.
M

10000.00
D

y = 0.5308x0.9707
R² = 0.8311
TE

1000.00

100.00
EP
Permeability, kV (md)

10.00
C
AC

1.00

0.10

0.01
0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000 100.000 1000.000 10000.000

Permeability, kH (md)

Fig. 7: Relations between horizontal permeability (KH) and vertical permeability (KV) for
Abu Roash “C” reservoir in BED 15-7 well.
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Reservoir Quality Index, RQI (μm) 2.5

y = 1264.5x-8.568
R² = 0.2781
2.0

1.5

PT
1.0

RI
0.5

SC
0.0
2.10 2.12 2.14 2.16 2.18 2.20 2.22 2.24
Bulk Density, ρb (g/cm3)

U
Fig. 8: Relations between reservoir quality index „RQI‟ and bulk density (ρb) for Abu Roash
AN
“C” reservoir in BED 15-3 well.
M

2.5
D

y = 0.0135x1.659
R² = 0.2036
Reservoir Quality Index, RQI (μm)

2.0
TE

1.5
EP

1.0
C

0.5
AC

0.0
15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 21.0 22.0
Helium Porosity, øHe (%)

Fig. 9: Relations between reservoir quality index „RQI‟ and helium porosity „He‟ for Abu
Roash “C” reservoir in BED 15-3 well.
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3.0
y = 0.0912x0.465
Reservoir Quality Index, RQI (μm)

R² = 0.9871
2.5

2.0

1.5

PT
1.0

RI
0.5

SC
0.0
100.00 1000.00
Permeability, kH (md)

U
Fig. 10: Relations between reservoir quality index „RQI‟ and horizontal permeability (KH) in
AN
Abu Roash “C” reservoir in BED 15-3 well.
M

2.5
y = 2E+06x-17.9
R² = 0.9343
D
Reservoir Quality Index, RQI (µm)

2.0
TE

1.5
EP

1.0
C

0.5
AC

0.0
2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80
Bulk Density, ρb (g/cm3)

Fig. 11: Relations between reservoir quality index „RQI‟ and bulk density (ρb) for Abu Roash
“C” reservoir in BED 15-7 well.
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Reservoir Quality Index, RQI (µm) 2.5

y = 0.0133x1.5539
R² = 0.9208
2.0

1.5

PT
1.0

RI
0.5

SC
0.0
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
Helium Porosity, øHe (%)

Fig. 12: Relations between reservoir quality index „RQI‟ and helium porosity „He‟ for Abu
U
AN
Roash “C” reservoir in BED 15-7 well.
M

2.5
D

y = 0.2078x0.3221
R² = 0.8073
TE
Reservoir Quality Index, RQI (µm)

2.0

1.5
EP

1.0
C
AC

0.5

0.0
0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000 100.000 1000.000
Permeability, kH (md)

Fig. 13: Relations between reservoir quality index „RQI‟ and horizontal permeability (KH) for
Abu Roash “C” reservoir in BED 15-7 well.
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12.0
y = 105.83x-3.429
10.5 R² = 0.0549
Flow Zone Indicator, FZI (μm)

9.0

7.5

6.0

PT
4.5

RI
3.0

1.5

SC
0.0
2.10 2.12 2.14 2.16 2.18 2.20 2.22 2.24
Bulk Density, ρb (g/cm3)

Fig. 14: Relations between flow zone indicator „FZI‟ and bulk density (ρb) for Abu Roash
U
AN
“C” reservoir in BED 15-3 well.
M

12.0
D

y = 2.1134x0.4343
10.5
Flow Zone Indicator, FZI (μm)

R² = 0.0172
TE

9.0

7.5
EP

6.0

4.5
C

3.0
AC

1.5

0.0
16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 21.0
Helium Porosity, øHe (%)

Fig. 15: Relations between flow zone indicator „FZI‟ and helium porosity „He‟ for Abu
Roash “C” reservoir in BED 15-3 well.
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12.0
y = 0.6919x0.3794
10.5 R² = 0.8105
Flow Zone Indicator, FZI (μm)

9.0

7.5

6.0

PT
4.5

RI
3.0

1.5

SC
0.0
100.0 1000.0
Permeability, kH (md)

U
AN
Fig. 16: Relations between flow zone indicator „FZI‟ and horizontal permeability (KH) for
Abu Roash “C” reservoir in BED 15-3 well.
M

y = 526.28x-5.834
D

9.0
R² = 0.6131
Flow Zone Indicator, FZI (µm)

TE

7.5

6.0
EP

4.5

3.0
C
AC

1.5

0.0
2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80
Bulk Density, ρb (g/cm3)

Fig. 17: Relations between flow zone indicator „FZI‟ and bulk density (ρb) for Abu Roash
“C” reservoir in BED 15-7 well.
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9.0 y = 1.0474x0.5537
R² = 0.6119
Flow Zone Indicator, FZI (μm)

7.5

6.0

PT
4.5

RI
3.0

1.5

SC
0.0
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0

U
Helium Porosity, øHe (g/cm3)
AN
Fig. 18: Relations between flow zone indicator „FZI‟ and helium porosity „ØHe‟ for Abu
Roash “C” reservoir in BED 15-7 well.
M
D
TE

9.0 y = 2.383x0.1394
R² = 0.6982
Flow Zone Indicator, FZI (µm)

7.5
EP

6.0

4.5
C

3.0
AC

1.5

0.0
0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000 100.000 1000.000
Permeability, kH (md)

Fig. 19: Relations between flow zone indicator „FZI‟ and horizontal permeability (KH) for
Abu Roash “C” reservoir in BED 15-7 well.
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Highlights

• Abu Roash ”C” Member (Turonian) is composed mainly of sandstone, shale,

PT
and siltstone.

• The Abu Roash “C” reservoir considered as good reservoir quality due to the

RI
high values of porosity and (horizontal and vertical) permeability.

SC
• The mean values for porosity, horizontal, and vertical permeability is

U
15.801%, 377.40 and 247.127 md respectivelly.
AN
• Statistical relationships of the permeability and porosity indicates that the

reservoirs are very good category and can be used to calculate one parameter
M

in terms of other.
D
TE
C EP
AC

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