Contents

Acknowledgements x
Introduction xi

1 Language units
Unit 1 Myself and others ¿hônNB’Gh ÉfCG 2
Talking about yourself ∂°ùØfn øY ºq∏µàdG 2
Asking others øjônNB’G ∫GDƒo°ù 4
Talking about nationality á«°ùæp
q ÷G øY ºq∏µàdG 5
Greetings äÉ«ën
q àdG 6
Conversation áKOÉÙG 8
My family »à∏pFÉY 10
REVIEW: Pronouns ôFɪ°†
n dG 11
Describing character áq«°üîn°ûdG øY ºq∏µàdG 12
Talking about childhood ádƒØo£dG øY ºq∏µàdG 14
The Arab World... A look at Egypt 16
ô°üe ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...»Hô©dG
q ⁄É©dG
Vocabulary in Unit 1 18

Unit 2 House and home â«ÑdGh QGódG 20

Talking about rooms ±nôo¨dG øY ºq∏µàdG 20
Describing your home ∂dpõæne ∞°Uh 22
Conversation áKOÉÙG 25
REVIEW: The plural ™ª÷G
n 26
Adjectives and plurals ™ªn÷Gh áØ°üdG 30
For rent QÉéjEÓd 32

iv
Contents v

The Arab World... A look at Saudi 34

ájOƒ©°ùdG
q ≈∏Y Iô¶f ... »Hô©dG
q ⁄É©dG
Vocabulary in Unit 2 36

Unit 3 Work and routine IOÉ©dGh πnªn©dG 38

Talking about work πª©dG øY ºq∏µàdG 38
A day in the life of… ...IÉ«M ‘ Ωƒj 42
Talking about housework á«dõæŸG
q ∫ɪYC’G øY ºq∏µàdG 45
Talking about your CV (resumé) á«JGòdG ∂JnÒ°S øY ºq∏µàdG 46
Conversation áKOÉÙG 78
REVIEW: Present verbs ´pQÉ°†oŸG 48
Situations vacant IôZÉ°û ∞FÉXh 51
The Arab World... A look at Syria 52
ÉjQƒ°S ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...»Hô©dG
q ⁄É©dG
Vocabulary in Unit 3 54

Unit 4 Sport and leisure¬«aÎdGh á°VÉjôdG 56

Talking about sport á°VÉjpôdG øY ºq∏µàdG 56
Talking about preferences π«°†Øàn dG øY ºq∏µàdG 58
REVIEW: Verbal nouns & participles 62
¬H ∫ƒ©ØnŸGh πYÉØdGh Qó°ünŸG
Talking about free time ÆGôØdG âbh
n øY ºq∏µàdG 64
Talking about going out êhôÿG øY ºq∏µàdG 66
Conversation áKOÉÙG 67
The Arab World... A look at Morocco 70
Üpô¨Ÿ
n G ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...»Hô©dG
q ⁄É©dG

Vocabulary in Unit 4 72

Unit 5 Travel and tourism áMÉ«°pùdGh ônØn°ùdG 74

Around town áæjóŸG ∫ƒnM 74
Conversation áKOÉÙG 78
Means of transportation π≤ædG πFÉ°Snh 78
vi Contents

Travel in the Arab World »Hô©dG

q ⁄É©dG »a ôØ°ùdG 81
REVIEW: Past verbs »°VÉŸG π©ØdG 82
Sohair’s blog Ò¡o°S áfshnóoe 84
Describing the past »°VÉŸG ∞°Uƒ 86
Letter of complaint ÜÉ£N ‘ iƒµ°T 87
The Arab World... A look at Tunisia 88
¢ùfƒJ ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...»Hô©dG
q ⁄É©dG
Vocabulary in Unit 5 90

Unit 6 Food and cooking ïÑn£dGh ΩÉ©£dG 92

Talking about food ΩÉ©£dG øY ºq∏µàdG 92
Talking about measure á«qªnµdG øY ºq∏µàdG 94
At the greengrocer …ô°†ÿG
q óæY 96
Conversation áKOÉÙG 97
Reserving the table IóFÉŸG õénM 98
Conversation áKOÉÙG 99
In the restaurant º©£ŸG »`a 99
REVIEW: Forms of the verb ójõnŸG π©ØdG 102
The month of Ramadan ¿É°†eQ ô¡°T 104
The Arab World... A look at Lebanon 106
¿ÉæÑd ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...»Hô©dG
q ⁄É©dG
Vocabulary in Unit 6 108

Unit 7 Review á©LGôªdG 110

Conversation áKOÉÙG 113
Vocabulary in Unit 7 117

Unit 8 Clothes and colours ¿GƒdC’Gh ¢ùHÓŸG 118

Talking about clothes ¢ùHÓŸG øY ºq∏µàdG 118
Describing the outfit …õdG
q ∞°Uhn 120
Describing colour ¿ƒ∏dG ∞°Uh 122
At the clothes shop ¢ùHÓŸG qπfi »a 124
Contents vii

Conversation áKOÉÙG 125

At the wedding party ±ÉanõdG á∏ØM »`a 126
REVIEW: Doubled verbs ∞nYÉ°†oŸG π©ØdG 129
The clothes show AÉjRC’G ¢VôY 130
The Arab World... A look at Iraq 132
¥Gô©dG ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...»Hô©dG
q ⁄É©dG
Vocabulary in Unit 8 134

Unit 9 Education and training ÖjQóàdGh º«∏©àdG 136

School and university á©eÉ÷Gh á°SQóŸG 136
Talking about subjects qOGƒnŸG øY ºq∏µàdG 139
Conversation áKOÉÙG 139
¢S/Q/O and Ω/∫/´ 140
Munira asks for advice áë«°üf Ö∏£J IÒæe 141
REVIEW: Weak verbs qπnà©oŸG π©ØdG 142
In the examination hall äÉfÉëàe’G ádÉ°U »`a 144
Giving instructions ôeGhC’G QGó°UEG 145
The Arab World... A look at Algeria 150
ôFGõ÷G ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...»Hô©dG
q ⁄É©dG
Vocabulary in Unit 9 152

Unit 10 News and media ΩÓYE’G πpFÉ°Shh QÉÑNC’G 154

Talking about the news QÉÑNC’G øY ºq∏µàdG 154
Broadcasting áYGPE’G 157
REVIEW: Formal Arabic ≈ë°üØdG 159
Arabic on the Worldwide Web áq«ŸÉ©dG áµnÑn°ûdG ≈∏Y á«Hô©dG
q 162
Comparing media ΩÓYE’G πFÉ°Sh áfQÉ≤e 162
The King’s speech ∂∏ŸG ÜÉ£N 164
The Arab World... A look at the Gulf and Yemen 166
øª«dGh è«∏ÿG ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...»Hô©dG
q ⁄É©dG
Vocabulary in Unit 10 168
viii Contents

Unit 11 Climate and the environment áÄ«ÑdGh ñÉæŸG 170

Talking about weather and climate ñÉæŸGh ¢ù≤£dG øY ºq∏µàdG 170
Holiday plans á∏£o©dG §n£pN 174
REVIEW: The future πÑ≤à°ùŸG 175
Talking about possibilities ä’ɪàM’G øY ºq∏µàdG 176
Al-Mustaqbal Beverages Company πÑ≤à°ùŸG äÉHhô°ûe ácô°T 178
Talking about processes äGAGôL’G øY ºq∏µàdG 179
Conversation áKOÉÙG 180
The Arab World... A look at Libya 182
É«Ñ«d ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...»Hô©dG
q ⁄É©dG
Vocabulary in Unit 11 184

Unit 12 Health and happiness IOÉ©°ùdGh áqë°üdG 186

Talking about the body º°ù÷G øY ºq∏µàdG 186
Talking about illness ¢VôŸG øY ºq∏µàdG 188
At the pharmacy áq«dnó«n°üdG »a 189
Conversation áKOÉÙG 191
Talking about health áqë°üdG øY ºq∏µàdG 192
Abdul Aziz asks for advice áë«°üf Ö∏£j õjõ©dG óÑY 195
The Arab World... A look at Sudan 198
¿GOƒ°ùdG ≈∏Y Iô¶f ...»Hô©dG
q ⁄É©dG
Vocabulary in Unit 12 200

Unit 13 Arts and cinema ɪ櫰ùdGh ¿ƒæoØdG 202

Talking about culture áaÉ≤ãdG øY ºq∏µàdG 202
Conversation áKOÉÙG 205
Film genres ΩÓaC’G ´GƒfCG 206
Talking about past habits »°VÉŸG äGOÉY øY ºq∏µàdG 176
Reviewing ó≤ædG 210
The Arab World... A look at Jordan and Palestine 214
Ú£°ù∏ah q¿OQC’G ≈∏Y Iô¶f ... »Hô©dG
q ⁄É©dG
Vocabulary in Unit 13 216
Contents ix

Unit 14 Review á©LGôªdG 218

Conversation áKOÉÙG 220
Vocabulary in Unit 14 224
Suggestions for further study 225

2 Reference material
Answers to exercises 226
English–Arabic glossary 281
Grammar index 298
 it

2
un
House and home
â«ÑdGh QGódG
.QGódG nπÑnb QÉ÷G
The neighbour before the house[hold]. (Arabic proverb)

≤ Talking about rooms ±nôo¨dG øY ºq∏µàdG

Look at the illustration below while you listen to the recording.

áaôo°T balcony √É«pe IQhOn toilet

í£°nS roof
≥HÉ£dG
∫hq C’G
first floor

Ωƒfn áaôZo bedroom ΩÉqªM

n bathroom
ºqn∏°So stairs
á°û«©ne áaôoZ living room
IôØ°oS dining room
≥HÉ£dG
»°VQC
q ’G
ground floor

ádÉ°U hall
ïÑn £en kitchen

êGônL garage á≤jóM

n garden
20
 House and home 21

Tip: á°û«©e
n áaôZo (living room) can also be called ¢Sƒ∏L
o áaôZo (sitting room).
≤ Exercise 1 1 øjô“
An estate agent is showing you around an apartment. Put the places in
the order that he shows them, as in the example.
¢Sƒ∏L áaôZ 1 ádÉ°U
ïÑ£e ΩÉqªM
áaô°T Ωƒf áaôZ
á≤jóM IôØ°S
Exercise 2 2 øjô“
Do you remember these items you can find in or around a house?
Match the English with the Arabic.
a bed áfGõN 1
b car ôJƒ«Ñªc 2
c chair ônén°T 3
d clock IóFÉe 4
e cupboard/wardrobe Öàµe 5
f desk ¿ƒjõØ«∏J 6
g picture IQƒ°U 7
h table áYÉ°S 8
i television ôjô°S 9
j bicycle IQÉ«q °S 10
k computer q»°Sôc 11
l trees áLGqQO 12
Here are some more useful words for items around the house:

ôFÉà°S (sat’ir) curtains ¢TO (dush) shower

OÉqé°S (sajjd) carpets
IBGôe (mir’t) mirror
ó©°üe (miß´ad) lift/elevator
ádÉ°qùZ (ghassla) washing machine
¢VƒM (˛aw∂) sink
Ö°ûY (´ushb) grass/plants
OQh (ward) flowers
áµjQCG/áÑæc (kanaba/arıka) sofa
áLqÓK (thallja) fridge
¿ôa (furn) cooker
22 Unit 2

Exercise 3 3 øjô“
Use the vocabulary in the box on page 21 and in Exercise 2. Decide on the
most likely place for each item, as in the example. (You can put an item in
more than one place and you do not need to include ó©°üe lift/elevator.)

/á≤jóMdG ïÑ£ŸG ΩÉqªMdG /IôØ°ùdG /ΩƒædG áaôZ

êGôLdG ¢Sƒ∏÷G áaôZ Öàµe
ôjô°S

Describing your home ∂dpõæne ∞°Uh

Here are some adjectives you can use to describe your home:

åjóM (˛adıth) modern ôNÉa (fkhir) luxurious

q…ó«∏≤J (taqlıdıy) traditional §«°ùH (bası†) simple/basic
ÇOÉg (hdi’) quiet íjôe (murı˛) comfortable
ºMOõe (muzda˛im) crowded Ö°SÉæe (munsib) suitable
™°SGh (wsi´) spacious q¢UÉN (khßß) private

¢q UÉN êGôL garj khßß (Private Garage)

Qɶàf’G ´ƒæ‡ kGƒØY ´afwan mamnü´ al-intiΩr (Sorry No Waiting)
 House and home 23

Tip: There are many different words to describe dwellings in Arabic.

Common words for ‘house’ or ‘home’ are â«Ñ (bayt), and QGO (dr) –
familiar through place names such as Darussalaam (ΩÓ°ùdG QGO ‘house of
peace’) and, less obviously, Bethlehem (º◊ â«H ‘house of meat’).
Casablanca is a Spanish translation of the Arabic name AÉ°†«ÑdG QGódG
(ad-dr al-bay∂’), ‘the white house’ – not to be confused with the US
presidential building which is translated as ¢†«HC’G â«ÑdG (al-bayt al-abya∂).
Other terms for dwellings include ∫õæe (manzil, ‘place of staying’) and
q (shaqqa, pl. shuqaq) refers to an
øµ°ùe (maskan, ‘place of residing’). á≤°T
apartment or flat, and IQɪY (´imra, pl. -t) to an apartment building.

≤ Listen to Sherif describing where he lives.

‘ øµ°SGCh Qhô°S ∞jô°T »ª°SG ÉfGC

IQɪYp øe ™HGôdG ≥HÉ£dG ‘ á≤q°T
É¡qæµdh ᣫ°ùH »à≤q°T ¿qGE .áãjóM
¢ù«dh ÇOÉg ƒ¡a ´QÉ°ûdG ÉeqGC .áëjôe
.IÒãc äGQÉ«q°S ∑Éæg
ïÑ£e ,Ωƒf áaôZ øe »à≤q°T ¿ƒsµnànJn
óLƒJh ΩɪqMh á°û«©e áaôZ ,Ò¨°U
q °Sh IôNÉa ôFÉà°ùH á°ThôØe á≤q°ûdG .á≤jóM ≈∏Y πq£pJo áaô°T kÉ°†jGC
OÉé
!§≤nan Ú£«°ûæ∏d áÑ°SÉæe »¡a ∂dòdh IQɪ©dG ‘ ó©n°üpe óLƒj ’ .…qó«∏≤J

… øe ¿qƒµàJ/¿qƒµàj ... ∑Éæg ]¢ù«d[

(yatakawwan/tatakawwan min) ([laysa] hunka)
it (masc./fem.) consists of… there is, are [not]…

… ≈∏Y qπ£J/qπ£j … ónLƒJ/ónLƒj ]’[

(yu†ill/tu†ill ´al) ([l] yüjad/tüjad)
it (masc./fem.) looks onto… … can[not] be found (masc./fem.)

øe ...`dG ≥HÉ£dG ‘ … É¡nd/o¬nd ]¢ù«d[

(fı†-†biq il… min) ([laysa] lahu/lah)
on the … floor of it (masc./fem.) has [doesn’t have]…
24 Unit 2

Exercise 4 4 øjô“
Look back at the description of Sherif’s apartment on page 23 and
decide if these statements are true (4) or false (8).

ïÑ£eh ÚnàaôZ øe á≤q°ûdG ¿ƒqµàJ 7 .áÁób IQɪY ‘ ∞jô°T øµ°ùj

.ΩɪqMh .ådÉãdG ≥HÉ£dG ‘ á≤q°ûdG 2
.ôFÉà°ùdÉH á°ThôØe É¡fqGE 8 .ÇOÉg »q◊G 3
.…qó«∏≤J OÉé
q °ùdG 9 .IQɪ©dG ÖfÉéH á≤jóM óLƒJ 4
.øq°pùdG ‘ QÉѵ∏d áÑ°SÉæe á≤q°ûdG 10 .á≤q°ûdG ‘ IôØ°S óLƒJ ’ 5
.IÒÑch á©°SGh á≤q°ûdG 6

Éeq CG amm/∂dòd lidhlik

The description of Sherif’s apartment contains two more useful connectors:

.ÇOÉg ƒ¡a ´QÉ°ûdG ÉqeCG As for the street, it’s

(amm sh-shri´ fa-huwa hdi’) quiet.
!§n≤naÚ£«°ûæ∏d áÑ°SÉæe »¡a ∂dòd For that reason it’s
(lidhlik fa-hiya munsiba suitable for active
lin-nashı†ın faqa†) people only!

Éeq CG (‘as for’) is used when you are moving on to a different aspect of the
same topic; ∂dòd (‘for that (reason)’) is used to connect cause and effect.
Both are usually followed by `a (‘and so’).

Exercise 5 5 øjô“
Rephrase these sentences using ... a ...Ée
q CG, as in the example.
.™HGôdG ≥HÉ£dG ‘ »¡a á≤q°ûdG ÉqeGC .™HGôdG ≥HÉ£dG ‘ á≤q°ûdG 1

q °ùdG 2
.…qó«∏≤J OÉé
.áãjóM IQɪ©pdG 3
.á≤jóM ≈∏Y πq£pJo áaô°ûdG 4
.Ò¨°U ïÑ£ŸG 5
 House and home 25

†biq li-ghayr il-mudakhkhinın (floor for non-smokers)

≤ Exercise 6 6 øjô“
Listen to Sherif telling
us who lives on the
other floors of his
apartment block.
Write the correct
names on the name
plates, as in the
example.

(≤ Conversation áKOÉëª`dG
Describe your new apartment in the prompted audio conversation.
Prepare the Arabic to describe these features:
• 3rd floor • spacious living room • small but modern kitchen
• no lift • 2 bathrooms • modern and comfortable
• large hall • 3 bedrooms • balcony overlooking street
 26 REVIEW: The plural

The plural ™ªn÷G

REVIEW

There are three different methods of making words plural in Arabic and
these methods in turn have variations. This summary will help you to
consolidate your knowledge of how Arabic plurals are made.
You need to try and remember a word together with its plural.
Gradually you will find that you get a more instinctive grasp of the
patterns and are able to ‘feel’ which plural might be right for a
particular word.

Sound (external)
1 Sound masculine plural (SMP) Ú``/¿ƒ`` (-ün/-ın)
• Used almost exclusively with words referring to groups of people of
whom at least one is male.
• Commonly used for nationalities, jobs, attributes derived from forms of
the verb (beginning with `e o mu-).
• ¿ƒ`` (-ün) is the ‘default’ ending in Standard Arabic. Ú`` (-ın) is used in
particular structures – see additional note on page 55.
Ú`/¿ƒ∏°SGôe € correspondent (mursil) π°pSGôeo
(mursilün/-ın)
(muslimün/-ın) Ú`/¿ƒª∏°ùe € Muslim (muslim) ºp∏°ùoe
(lubnnıyün/-ın) Ú`/¿ƒ«q fÉæÑd € Lebanese (lubnnıy) Ê
q ÉæÑdo
2 Sound feminine plural (SFP) äG (-t)
• Probably the most common Arabic plural.
• Used for words referring to groups of people all of whom are female.
(mumarri∂t) äÉ°Vôq ‡ € nurse (fem.) (mumarri∂a) á°Vôq ‡
q ô°üe € Egyptian (fem.) (mußrıyya) ájq ô°üe
(mußrıyyt) äÉj
• Used for some other masculine and feminine non-human words,
especially longer words derived from forms of the verb and imported
words of foreign origin.
(˛ammmt) äÉeɪq M € bathroom (˛ammm) ΩÉqªM
(ijtim´t) äÉYɪàLG € meeting (ijtim´) ´ÉªàLG

(tilıfizyünt) äÉfƒjõØ«∏J € television (tilıfizyün) ¿ƒjõØ«∏J

Broken (internal)
• Plural made by identifying the root of a word and changing internal
vowel sounds (similar to English ‘goose/geese’ or ‘mouse/mice’).
• About twelve common different patterns, plus a few other less common.
• Patterns defined using root letters π©a (e.g. ΩÓbCG ‘pens’ = ∫É©aCG pattern).
REVIEW: The plural 27

• Broken plural is used with many words referring to non-humans:

REVIEW
(pattern = ∫É©aCG) (afrn) ¿GôaCG € cooker (furn) ¿ôoa
(pattern = πn©oa) (ghuraf) ±nôoZ € room (ghurfa) áaôoZ

(pattern = ∫ƒ©oa) (buyüt) 䃫oH € house (bayt) â«H

(pattern = πo©oa) (kutub) Öoàoc € book (kitb) ÜÉàc

(pattern = ∫É©pa) (diyr) QÉjO € house/home (dr) QGO

(pattern = πpYÉØne) (maktib) ÖJɵe € office/desk (maktab) Öàµe

• Broken plural can also be used with words referring to groups of males (in
preference to the SMP):
∫ÉLpQ € man (rajul) πoLnQ
(pattern = ∫É©pa) (rijl)

(pattern = AÓn©oa) (wuzar’) AGQnRoh € minister (wazır) ôjRnh

(pattern = ∫É©aCG) (a˛fd) OÉØMCG € grandchild (˛afıd) ó«ØnM

Collective
• Collective nouns are masculine singular but have a plural meaning.
• Add I to make a feminine singular noun referring to one of the group.
• Natural features that come in groups (plants, animals, etc.) are often
collective nouns.
a cow (baqara) Iôn≤nH € cows (baqar) ôn≤nH
a tree (shajara) Iônén°T € trees (shajar) ônén°T

• Other items that come in groups can be collective (e.g. carpets):

a carpet (sajjda) q °S € carpets (sajjd) OÉé
IOÉé q °S
Plurals in the dictionary

Plurals are shown after the singular in the most popular English–Arabic
dictionary (A Dictionary of Modern Arabic, Hans Wehr). Note that the
entry above for ∞«¶f (clean) has alternative plurals. A few words
have these alternatives; the most common is used in Mastering Arabic.
28 Unit 2

Exercise 7 7 øjô“
(You will need a dictionary to complete this exercise.)
Find the plurals of these words you have met in this unit, as in the
example. You could also try and guess at the plural before looking it up.

Meaning ≈æ©ŸnG Plural ™ªn÷G Word áª∏µndG

pictures Qƒn°oU IQƒ°U
______________ ______________ áLÓq`Kn
______________ ______________ ïÑn£en
______________ ______________ ¢VƒMn
______________ ______________ áa oô°T
______________ ______________ ôJƒ«Ñªc
______________ ______________ áfGõNn
______________ ______________ ≥HÉW
______________ ______________ ôjô°S

Now check your answers in the answer section before moving on.

Tip: In some spoken dialects you may only hear the Ú`` (-ın) ending for
groups of people , even when the group consists entirely of females.
So Údƒ¨°ûe äÉæÑdG (al-bant mashgülın) could be used to mean ‘the girls
are busy’, rather than the more grammatically correct ä’ƒ¨°ûe äÉæÑdG
(al-bant mashghült).
 House and home 29

≤ Exercise 8 8 øjô“
Listen to Samya describing where she lives and put a tick next to the
features of her home, as in the example.
apartment small house villa 4
garden garage view of sea
hall dining room two bathrooms
flowers trees grass
old couch mirrors desk

Exercise 9 9 øjô“
Complete this description of Samya’s villa using the words in the box.

ádÉ°üdG óLƒj »°SGôc á≤jóM ¢ù«d ™°SGh ±nôoZ ¿qƒµàJ IójóL

qÓ∏«ØdG .᪰UÉ©dG øe áÑjôb ````````````````````` áæjóe ‘ Óq∏«a ‘ º«bGC

çÓK ,¢Sƒ∏L áaôZ ,ádÉ°U øe ````````````````````` h ∫ÉÑ÷G ≈∏Y πq£J
``````````````````` É¡d Ó∏«ØdG .ÚeɪqMh ```````````````````` ïÑ£e ,Ωƒf ````````````````````

.Ö°ûY hGC OQh ∑Éæg ```````````````````` øµdh ¿ƒª«d ôé°T É¡«a á°qUÉN
ájpógn ...áÁób áµjQGCh áëjôe ````````````````````` É¡«a ¢Sƒ∏÷G áaôZ
.»æH’ ôJƒ«Ñªc ¬«∏Y Öàµe ````````````````````` áµjQ’CG AGQhh ... »eqGC øe
.…qó«∏≤J RGô£H »¡a ````````````````````` ÉeGC
Tip: RGô£H (bi-†irz) = in the style of

≤ You can check your description by listening to Samya in Exercise 8 again

and by looking at the Answers section.

Exercise 10 10 øjô“
Now describe your home using the vocabulary and models you have met
so far. Remember to vary the phrases you use and try to include some of
the connecting words you have met.
30 Unit 2

Adjectives and plurals ™ªn÷Gh áØ°üdG

There is not really a grammatical difference between nouns and
adjectives in Arabic. Adjectives such as active (§«°ûf nashı†) or
popular/loved (܃Ñfi ma˛büb) can also be used to mean ‘an active
person’ or ‘a popular/loved one’.
Adjectives need to be made plural when referring to groups of people.
Some adjectives use a sound plural, others use a broken plural. The plural
of an adjective may follow a different plural pattern from the word it is
describing.

∫GƒpW O’hCG
(awld †iwl) tall boys

(al-kuram’) AÉeôµdG the generous (ones)

(an-ns al-mashghülün) ¿ƒdƒ¨°ûŸG ¢SÉædG the busy people

(innahum nashı†ün jiddan) .GvóL ¿ƒ£«°ûf ºo¡f

q GE They are very active.

For an all-female group, the adjective can be made plural by using the
Sound Feminine Plural.

äÓjƒWdG äÉæHdG
(al-bant a†-†awılt) the tall girls

(mumarri∂t mashghült) ä’ƒ¨°ûª äÉ°Vqôªª busy nurses

Plurals of non-human objects and ideas are grammatically a single female!

House and home 31

Non-human plurals
Remember that plurals not referring to people are treated as feminine
singular in Arabic. So an adjective describing a group of objects, such as
‘chairs’ or ‘pictures’ needs I as for a single feminine object.

áãjó◊G »°SGôµdG
(al-karsı al-˛adıtha) the modern chairs

(aß-ßuwar jamıla) .á∏«ªL Qƒ°üdG The pictures are

beautiful.

Exercise 11 11 øjô“
Make these descriptions plural as in the examples. You may need to use
your dictionary to look up some of the plurals.
(They are busy.).¿ƒdƒ¨°ûe ºg € (He is busy.) .∫ƒ¨°ûe ƒg
(The tables are new .) IójóL óFGƒŸG€ (The table is new) .IójóL IóFÉŸG

.ºMpOnõeo ´QÉ°ûdG 5 .§«°ûf ódƒdG 1

.áHƒgƒe âæH É¡fqGE 6 .á©°SGh áaô°T ∑Éæg 2
.πjƒW …ó«ØM q¿GE 7 .íjôe »°SôµdG 3
.áaô¨dG ‘ ájqó«∏≤J IOÉé q °S ∑Éæg 8 .á°qUÉN á≤jóM ¬d â«ÑdG 4
 32 Unit 2

For rent QÉéjEÓd

Look at the four notices advertising property to rent.

Q Éé j E ÉH á ã j óM á≤°T
...ÇOÉg »
q M ‘ QÉéjÓ
E d Ó∏«a Ö°SÉæe
HÉ £ d G . Å W É° ûdG øe áÑjôb
∞««µJ .äÉeɪM 4h Ωƒf ±ôZ 4 ≥
« fÉŸ C G ó Y É ° ü e 3) ™HÉ°ùdG
,IôØ°S ,»µjôeGC ïÑ£e ,AGƒg .( qá
M É Ñ °S Ω ɪ M óLƒj
.ÚJQÉ«q°ùd êGôLh IÒ¨°U á≤jóM Ö©∏eh á
Qɪ © dG ¿ ɵq °ù d ¢ùæJ
.‹É£j’EG ΩÉNôdG øe »∏NGO ºq∏°S áaô°T .I
.äÓØë∏d Ö°SÉæe ÒÑc í£°S Ñ dG ≈ ∏Y π
q £ J IÒÑc
.ôë «∏J
86 :¿ƒØ
03 4567
kareem@msarabic.eg

∞jôdG ‘ q…ó«∏≤J ∫õæe

π«ªL ™bƒe ‘ IÒÑc á≤°T IÒÑc á≤jóëH
.¢qUÉN πNóe ,»°VQGC ≥HÉW ô¶æe .ÚeɪMh áëjôe ±ôZ 7
.ô¡ædGh ∫ƒ≤◊G ≈∏Y qπ£j ,π«ªL
- á©°SGh ±ôZ 3 øe ¿ƒµ
q àJ - q»Hô©dG RGô£dÉH ¢ThôØe
.IôNÉa äÉeɪM- AGƒg ∞««
q µJ IQÉ«q°ùdÉH áYÉ°S .ÊqGôjGE OÉqé°S
Öൟ áÑ°SÉæe .¢UÉN êGô .áæjóŸG §°Sh øe
q L
.Ö°SÉfi hGC Ω
m Éfi 879405 :∞JÉg
09678 111476 :∫ƒªfi ∞J
Ég 879456 :¢ùcÉa

ÅWÉ°T (sh†i’) beach πNóe (madkhal) entrance

áMÉÑ°S ΩɪM (˛ammm sib˛a) AGƒg ∞««µJ (takyıf haw’) air-
swimming pool conditioning
¢ùæJ Ö©∏e (mal´ab tennis) tennis ∞jôdG (ar-rıf) the countryside
court ô¶æe (manΩar) view
¿Éqµ°S ,øcÉ°S (skin, sukkn) resident ∫ƒ≤M ,π≤M (˛aql, ˛uqül) field
ΩÉNQ (rukhm) marble (∫ƒªfi) ∞JÉg (htif (ma˛mül))
™bƒe (mawqi´) location (mobile) phone
House and home 33

Exercise 12 12 øjô“
Decide which property would suit the following:
1 Family with four children and a dog. Prefer rural setting but must be
within 60-75 minute commute from town for husband’s work.
2 Young professional couple working in the hotel business in a popular
resort. Prefer modern apartment. Keen on sports.
3 American diplomat looking for quiet, spacious upmarket villa with
entertainment potential. Parking essential. Garden a bonus.
4 Businesswoman – currently working from home – looking for offices
for her accountancy business.

Exercise 13 13 øjô“
Now complete the chart showing the facilites of each property, as in the
example.

IÒÑc á≤°T …ó«∏≤J ∫õæe áFOÉg Ó∏«a áãjóM á≤°T

4 8 8 8 ó©°üe
á≤jóM
êGôL
ô¶æe
áaô°T
ÌcGC hGC ¿ÉeɪqM
OÉé°S
IôØ°S
AGƒg ∞««µJ
ΩÉNQ
áMÉÑ°S ΩɪM
¢ùæJ Ö©∏e

Exercise 14 14 øjô“
Write an advertisement for a property to rent with these features:
• large furnished apartment • third floor • two elevators • four bedrooms
• three luxurious bathrooms • balcony overlooking countryside
Add two more features of your own and a mobile telephone number.
áqjOƒ©°ùdG ≈∏Y Iô¶f ... q»Hô©dG ⁄É©dG
»¶Y]¿ºæ ìæ^}òæ
Jordan ä¨Nòæ Iraq ¶æ^≠¬æ
Al-Jawf Iran
ó¨BE
Tabuk
≤Rá] G≠¨ïòæ
Rafha Kuwait
ö∂øQ
^mú Ha’il •≠^RBòæ Bahrain
Egypt

ØA e Ara
Th

^} bia
~B§≠
±Z≠^A

òæ n
Yanbu
^üQRed Se

Buraydah

OÆ Gu
≤§≠ZÚæ

ôV lf
Medina
^uã
¿ºæ ^ a

òæ
Qatar
RBò

sø≠^òæ
Hæ]øú¬ºæ
Riyadh
æ

󯋣 Emirates
¶æY¨eòæ Mecca
±»ZM
Sudan Jeddah ≤≠Y¨}eòæ ≤ÆA^}òæ ≤ïôüüòæ
Kingdo m o f Sa udi A ra bia
¶æcÆM
Jizan ¶øüƒ|
ø≠^F≠]¿æ Oman
Eritrea
•üÆòæ
Yemen

Arabic in Saudi Arabia áqjOƒ©°ùdG ‘ áq«Hô©dG á¨∏dG

The Arabian peninsula, which now forms part of modern Saudi
Arabia, was where the Arabic language originated and where the
prophet Mohammed was born in the 7th century AD. Arabic spread
with the rapid Islamic conquests, but the spoken language of the
Arabian peninsula can still claim to be closer to the Classical than
that of other more distant regions that were open to diverse
linguistic influences.
Features of Saudi Arabic include:
• pronunciation of ¥ as a hard ‘g’, e.g. Iƒ¡b (coffee) as gahwa
• pronunciation of ∂ as ‘ch’, e.g. ∂ª°S (fish) as simich
• use of feminine plural in spoken language
• less use of imported foreign words

≤ Listen to Ahmed talking about himself in his Saudi dialect. You

will find a transcript and translation in the Answers section.
 ƒJ (tawajjah,
(ƒëf) ¬qLƒàj ,¬qLwa) to face
a˛
yatawajjah (n
(towards)
ya rd
áMÉH (b˛a) court
IQƒaÉf (nfüra) fo
untain …qó«∏≤àdG q»Hô©dG â«ÑdG
talafa,
∞∏àîj ∞∏àNG (ikh áMÉH ¬dh ,πNGódG ƒëf …qó«∏≤àdG »qHô©dG â«ÑdG ¬Lqƒàj
vary
yakhtalif) to áMÉÑdG √òg ¿GE .±ô¨dG ÜGƒHGCh ∂«HÉÑ°ûdG Égƒëf ¬LqƒàJ
am) is used
Ωóîà°ùoj (yustakhd .IQƒaÉf hGC AÉe ¢VƒM óLƒj ¬£°Sh ‘h ,â«ÑdG Ö∏b »g
llar
ÜGOô°S (sirdb) ce
time)
QÉ¡f (nahr) day( ‘ 䃫ÑdG .ájqó«∏≤àdG 䃫ÑdG ‘ ≥HGƒ£dG OóY ∞∏àîj
ge
¿õN (khazn) stora ‘ ,¿óoŸoG ‘ áÁó≤dG ∫RÉæŸG ÉeGCh óMGh ≥HÉW É¡d ∞jôdG
.IóqL ‘ Ò¡°ûdG º«°üf â«H πãe - ≥HGƒW á°ùªN hGC á©HQGC É¡∏a ,Ókãe IóqLnh áµqen
ÉeGCh .Ωƒæ∏d í£°ùdGh Ók«dn ¢Sƒ∏é∏d áMÉÑdGh ,∞«°üdG QÉ¡f ‘ ¢Sƒ∏é∏d ÜGOô°pùdG Ωpóîàn°ùjo
.¿õî∏d ÜGOô°ùdGh Ωƒæ∏d á«q∏NGódG ±ô¨dGh QÉ¡ædG ‘ ¢Sƒ∏é∏d áMÉÑdG Ωóîà°ùàoa AÉà°ûdG ‘
Better known these days for its (Questions) á∏Äp°Sn’C G
ultra-modern skyscrapers, Saudi
Arabia also retains some fine ?q…ó«∏≤àdG »Hô©dG â«ÑdG Ö∏b ƒg Ée 1
examples of traditional q
buildings, particularly in the ?áMÉÑdG §°Sh ‘ óLƒj GPÉe 2
older towns such as Jeddah and
Mecca. These tall town houses
?∞jôdG 䃫H ‘ Ék≤HÉW ºc 3
generally look inwards to a ?IóqL
central courtyard and can n ‘ Ò¡°ûdG Ëó≤dG â«ÑdG º°SG ƒg Ée 4
consist of several floors. ?QÉ¡ædG ‘ AÉà°ûdG ‘ ¿ƒ°ù∏éj øjGC 5
 36 Unit 2

! Vocabulary in Unit 2
Nouns Aɪ°SC’G sofa (∂pFGQnCG) áµjQnCG/(äG) áÑæn cn
house/home (QhO/QÉjpO) QGO fridge (äG) áLqÓKn
(∫pRÉæen ) ∫põæen cooker (¿GôanCG) ¿ôoa
house/residence (øpcÉ°ùe n ) øµn °ùen curtains ôpFÉà°n S
location (™pbGƒne) ™bƒne shower ¢ToO
apartment building (äG) IQɪpY carpets OÉéq °n S
floor/storey (≥pHGƒWn ) ≥pHÉW grass/plants Ö°ûYo
entrance (πpNGóne) πnNóne flowers OQnh
hall (äG) ádÉ°U smoker (øj/¿h) øN u ón eo
stairs (ºpdÓ°Sn ) ºqn∏°So swimming pool áMÉÑ°pS Ωɪq nM
roof (샣°So ) í£°Sn tennis court ¢ùæJ Ö©n ∏en
room (±nôoZ) áaôoZ air-conditioning AGƒgn ∞««µJn
bedroom Ωƒnf áaôZ resident (¿Éqµo°S) øpcÉ°S

living room á°û«©en áaôZ marble ΩÉNQo

sitting room ¢Sƒ∏L o áaôZ beach (ÅpWGƒn°T) ÅpWÉ°T
dining room (äG) IôØ°oS countryside ∞jô
kitchen (ïpHÉ£ne) ïnÑ£ne view (ôpXÉæe) ô¶ n æen
bathroom (äG) Ωɪq M field (∫ƒ≤oM) π≤nM
n
toilet √É«pe (äG) IQhOn courtyard (äG) áMÉH
balcony (äG) áaôo°T fountain (äG) IQƒaÉf
garage (äG) êGônc/êGônL storage ¿õN n
phone (∞pJGƒgn ) ∞pJÉg
cellar (ÖjOGô°n S) ÜGOôp°S
mobile phone ∫ƒªfi ∞JÉg
garden (≥pFGóMn ) á≤jóM n
mirror (äG) IBGôpe Adjectives äÉØ°üdG
lift/elevator (ópYÉ°üne) ón©°üpe modern åjóMn
washing machine (äG) ádÉ°ùq Zn traditional …ó«∏≤
q Jn
sink (¢VGƒMnCG) ¢VƒM n quiet ÇpOÉg
House and home 37

crowded ºpMOn õeo vary ∞p∏àn înj ,∞∏n àn NpG

spacious ™p°SGh
Other phrases iôNC’G äGQÉÑ©dG
luxurious ôpNÉa ground floor »°VQC ’G ≥HÉ£dG
q
simple/basic §«°ùHn first floor ∫qhC’G ≥HÉ£dG
comfortable íjôeo can be found ónLƒJ/ónLƒj
suitable Ö°pSÉæeo is used Ωnóînà°ùJ/Ωn
o óînà°ùjo
private ¢q UÉN for rent QÉéjEÓpd
forbidden ´ƒæªne in the style of… ...RGôp£pH
in the day(time) QÉ¡ædG ‘
Verbs ∫É©aC’G
consist (of) (øe) ¿qƒnµàn jn ,n¿qƒnµàn as for… ÉeCq G
look (onto) (≈∏Y) qπp£oj ,nqπnWnCG for that reason ∂pdGòpd
face (towards) (ƒënf) ¬qLnƒàn jn ,n¬qLnƒJn non-/not ÒZn
Additional note: Case endings
You will probably be aware that formal standard Arabic includes case
endings added to nouns and adjectives. You may hear these endings
in scripted news bulletins, formal speeches and similar situations.
As a general rule, the case endings do not affect the spelling and
you need only recognise them when you see or hear them. The most
common exception to this is the additional alif known as alif tanwın
which is added to the indefinite accusative:
indefinite (‘a boy’) definite (‘the boy’)
nominative ól dh waladun oódƒdG al-waladu
accusative Gk ódh waladan nódƒdG al-walada
genitive módh waladin pódƒdG al-waladi
Note that alif tanwın is not added to a word ending with t
marbü†a: áaôZ ghurfatan.
k
Mastering Arabic 1 Structure Note sections give more details about
how the individual cases are formed and when they are used.
Alternatively you can consult a good reference grammar.
Grammar index
The following index contains the key Arabic structures and grammar in
Mastering Arabic 2, referenced by page number.

active participles 8, 62, 102 idh/in (if) 176

adjectives 30 hamzated verbs 49, 83
adverbial phrases 43 hollow verbs 83, 142
alif tanwın 86, 121 imperative 76, 145
assimilated verbs 83, 142 inna 13
attached pronouns jussive 91, 143
with noun/verb 11 kn 86, 209
with inna/lkinna 13 modals 193
with li-anna 59 negative
bi + transportation 79 present 49
case endings 37, 55, 159 past 83, 91
collective nouns 27 future 175
colours 122 imperative 146
comparatives 162 nisba adjective 5
conditional 176 nominal sentences 2
defective verbs 84, 143 non-human plural 131
doubled verbs 49, 83, 129 passive verbs 179, 181
dual passive participles 62, 102
verbs 48, 82 past tense 82
nouns 189 plural 26, 30, 55
forms of the verb 63, 102, 143 plural adjectives 30
future tense 175 present tense 48
i∂fa 9, 94, 97 pronouns 11

298
Grammar index 299

question words 4
relative pronouns 127
subjunctive 73, 175
verbs
present tense 48, 159
past tense 82, 91
future tense 175
passive 179, 181
doubled 49, 83, 129
weak 50, 83, 142
assimilated 83, 142
hollow 83, 142
defective 84, 143
hamzated 83
verbal nouns 62, 65, 102
weak verbs 50, 83, 142
word order 86