DC-DC Converters -- CCM

Power Electronics Tutorial _________________________________________________ ___

Department of Electrical Engineering

TUTORIAL OF NON-ISOLATED DC/DC CONVERTERS IN CONTINUOUS MODE

(1) A Buck converter is driven by a constant input voltage 30V. The switching frequency is 10kHz,
the L and C of the converter are 1mH and 10μF. Sketch a circuit diagram of the buck converter
and the waveform of the current of C. Calculate the output ripple voltage when duty ratio of gate
signal of the transistor is 0.5. The converter is operating in continuous mode.

1
Ts  , C  10F , L  1mH , D  0.5 vT iT vL iL
10k
 1  T  1  1  I  T  L
Vo    s  I C _ pos( avg )    L  s  T
iC
 C  2  C  2  2  2  +

+
Vin D vD C R Vo
Vo  DVin  (0.5)(30)  15 V -
V 1  D Ts
iD
(15)(0.5)
I L  o   0.75 A
L (10k )(1m) vgs
The output ripple voltage can be derived by the
capacitance equation as: DTs (1-D)Ts
0 t
dv iC
C o  iC ΔIL/2
dt 0 t
 1  T  1  1  I  T  -ΔIL/2
Hence, Vo    s  I C _ pos( avg )    L  s 
 C  2  C  2  2  2 
1  1  0.75  1 
Vo       0.9375V
10  2  2  20k 

Or from the output ripple voltage equation directly as:

V (1  D)Ts DVin (1  D)Ts
2 2
Vo  o 
8LC 8LC
(0.5)(30)(1  0.5)
Vo   0.9375V
8(1m)(10  )(10k ) 2

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DC-DC Converters -- CCM
Power Electronics Tutorial_________________________________________________ ___
Department of Electrical Engineering

(2) Evaluate the values of the duty ratio, D, of the gate vT iT vD iD

signal, L, C and R of a Buck/Boost converter,
shown in Fig. 2, operating in continuous mode D
such that the specification is: + T L vL
Vin - C R Vo
Vo = 12V, Vin = 5V, Io = 10A, ΔVo = 0.5V,

+
iL iC
ΔIL = 0.5A, fs = 100kHz
Fig. 2
ANS:

D 12

1 D 5
The duty ratio of the gate signal is:
12
D or 0.7059
17

The change of current of L in on-state is:

V DT
I L  in s
L
The inductance of the inductor is:
(5)(12)
L  70.059 H
(17)(100k )(0.5)

The load resistance is:

V
R  o  1.2
Io

The capacitance of the converter can be calculated from:

V
C o  Io
DTs
I DT (10)(12)
C o s   141.176F
Vo (17)(100k )(0.5)

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DC-DC Converters -- CCM
Power Electronics Tutorial_________________________________________ ___
Department of Electrical Engineering

(3) A Ćuk converter operates at 50kHz switching frequency. The On-state time of the transistor is
12μs. The input voltage is 100V. The load resistance varies between 50-500Ω. Sketch a circuit
diagram of a Ćuk converter. Considering the converter operating in continuous mode, calculate
the voltage ratings of all the circuit components.

Switching period is:

1 vL1 vC1 vL2
Ts   20s iL1 iL2
50k L1 +
iC1 L2
Duty ratio of the gate signal is: C1 iC
T 12 +
T vT D vD
D o   0.6 Vin - C2 R Vo

+
Ts 20
iT iD
Hence the voltage conversion ratio is:
Vo D
  1.5
Vin 1  D
and the output voltage is:
Vo  (1.5)Vin  150V

The voltage rating of the transistor is:

VT _ max  Vin  Vo  250V

The voltage rating of the diode is:

VD _ max  Vin  Vo  250V

The voltage rating of C1 is:

VC1_ max  Vin  Vo  250V

The voltage rating of C2 is:

VC 2 _ max  Vo  150V

The voltage ratings of L1 and L2 are:

L1_ max  Vo  150V
L2 _ max  Vo  150V

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