B877 Service Training Material Step1 (Mode de Compatibilité)

Part II System Structure and Operating Principles of The Machine
Chapter I The Power and Chapter II Working Hydraulic Chapter III Steering
Transmission System System Hydraulic System
 The Overview of powertrain and The Overview of Working  The Overview of
Transmission System Hydraulic System Steering Hydraulic
 Engine  Working Pump System
 Torque Converter and Gearbox  Load Valve  Steering Pump
 Speed-shifting Control Valve  Excavate Valve  Priority Valve
 Axle  Outrigger/Swing Multi-way  Steering Gear
 Differential Lock and Lift Arm Valve  Steering Cylinder
Locking Valve  Multi-function Valve
Chapter IV Service and Parking  Logical Reversing Valve
Oil Return Valve Block Chapter VI Air
Brake System 
 Classification of Brake  Clamp Cylinder Conditioning

System  Outrigger Cylinder System
 The Overview of Brake  Angling Cylinder  The Overview of
System
 Characteristic Of B877 Brake A/C System
System  Main Components
Chapter V Electrical system
 The Overview of Service of A/C System
Brake System  The Components and  Working Principles
 Schematic Diagram of Features of Electrical A/C System
Service Brake System System and Analysis of
 The Pipe Connection Circuit Diagram
Diagram of Service Brake
System  Electrical Schematic
 Components of Service Brake Diagram and Components
System of B877
 Parking Brake System
0
Chapter I - Powertrain and Transmission System
Powertrain Overview
The powertrain system is composed of transmission, engine, torque converter, drive shaft and differential axles..
1 2 3 4 5 2 6
1-Front drive axle 2-Drive shaft 3- Engine 4-Torque Converter 5-Transmission 6-Rear drive axle

1
Chapter I Powertrain and Transmission system
Engine
 Configuration and Feature:

 Equipped with Weichai Deutz
Engine: WP4G95E221(Stage Ⅱ)；
 Rated Power: 70kW；
 Rated Speed: 2200r/min；
 Advantage:
 Low emission, Low oil
consumption supercharged engine,
the power is over 100HP, so it can
provide strong power even under the
heavy working condition.
2
Chapter I Powertrain and Transmission System
Torque Converter and Gearbox
 Type: Italian Carraro Gearbox

 Features:
 Adopting the power matching
technology of engine and
Electronically controlled synchronous
shift gearbox, so the torque
converter can match the four-speed
gearbox completely well. The
maximum speed can reach 40Km/h.
 Forward and backward movement
are controlled by electric, the vehicle
can get the best lifting match, as a
result, it could react sensitively and
climb easily.
3
8 7 6 5
Speed-shifting Control Valve

1. Reverse Gear Pressure Switch
 2. Reverse Gear Magnetic Valve
 3. Driving Pattern Magnetic Valve
 4. Transmission Oil Filter
5. Oil Circuit of Differential Lock

and Lift Arm Lock

 6. Speed-shifting Control Valve
 7. Forward Gear Magnetic Valve
 8. Speed-shifting Pressure Switch
1 2 3 4
4
Axle
 Type: Italian Carraro Gearbox
5
Differential Lock and Lift Arm Lock Valve

9 6 5
8 7
1 2 3 4
1-A2, To axle 2-A1, To lift arm lock cylinder 3-P1, From speed-shifting control valve 4-T1, Back to gearbox oil sump
6
Differential Lock
A2 P1
7
Lift Arm Lock Valve
A1
8
Chapter Ⅱ Working Hydraulic System
Overview of Working Hydraulic System
1 2 3 4 5 6
9 8 7
9
Working Pump
3 2 1
 Displacement: 32/32/25 ml/r.

 1- To load multi-way .
 Rated Pressure: 225bar, 225bar and
 2-To multi-function valve
240bar
 3- To priority valve
10
Load valve 11 10 9 8 7
1 2 3 4 5 6
11
8 4 9 3 10 2
11
5
1
12
10 9
8 7
Excavate Valve
Excavate multi-way valve is
installed on left rear position of
frame, taking control of oil circuit of
excavate working device, Bucket rod
valve is supplied by the middle pump
of triple pump and interflow valve port
B, boom and bucket valve are
supplied by multi-way valve port
HPCO; The pipe connection is on
the right.
1-Port P, connect with load valve
port HPCO
2- Port B1, connect with small cavity
of excavate boom cylinder
 3-Port B2, connect with large
cavity of excavate bucket cylinder
4-Port T, connect with oil return
valve block
5- Port B3, connect with large cavity
of bucket rod cylinder
6-Port P, connect with port B of
interflow valve
7- excavate valve
8- Port A3, connect with small cavity
of bucket cylinder
of excavate bucket cylinder
10- Port A1, connect with large
cavity of excavate boom cylinder
1 2 3 4 5 6
13
Excavate Valve
7 5 8 4 9 3 10 2
12
11
6 1
1- Port P, connect with port HPCO of load valve 2- Port B1, connect with small cavity of excavate boom cylinder
3-Port B2, connect with large cavity of excavate bucket cylinder 4 -Port T, connect with oil return valve block
5- Port B3, connect with large cavity of bucket cylinder 6- Port P, connect with interflow valve port B
7- Excavate Valve 8- Port A3, connect with small cavity of rod cylinder
9- Port A2 connect with small cavity of excavate bucket cylinder 10- Port A1, connect with excavate boom cylinder large cavity
11-Port CP, connect with clamp cylinder 12- Port CT, connect with port T back to hydraulic tank
14
9 8 7 6
Outrigger/Swing Multi-way Valve

Outrigger and swing multi-way valve
are installed on the right side of
frame, controlling of the oil inlet or
return of left, right outrigger cylinder
and working device swing cylinder,
supplied by steering system. The
residual oil will interflow with load or
excavate hydraulic oil through
interflow control valve.
Pipe connection is on the right.
1- Left Port P, connect with port EF
of priority valve
of left outrigger cylinder, retraction
3- Port B2, connect with small
cavity of right outrigger cylinder,
retraction
4-Port B3, connect with small
cavity of right swing cylinder
5- Port HPCO, connect with Port P
of interflow control valve
of right swing cylinder
7- A2, connect with large cavity of
right outrigger cylinder, stretch 8-
Port A1, connect with large cavity of
left outrigger cylinder, stretch
valve block
Ps: The right or left according
to the direction when the driver
sits on the seat facing the load
side.
1 2 3 4 5
15
6 4 7 3 8 2
Outrigger/Swing Multi-way Valve
Outrigger and swing multi-way valve
are installed on the right side of
frame, controlling of the oil inlet or
return of left, right outrigger cylinder
and working device swing cylinder,
supplied by steering system. The
residual oil will interflow with load or
excavate hydraulic oil through
interflow control valve.
Pipe connection is on the right.
1- Left Port P, connect with port EF
of priority valve
of left outrigger cylinder, retraction 5
3- Port B2, connect with small
cavity of right outrigger cylinder,
retraction
4-Port B3, connect with small
cavity of right swing cylinder
5- Port HPCO, connect with Port P
of interflow control valve
of right swing cylinder
7- A2, connect with large cavity of
right outrigger cylinder, stretch 8-
Port A1, connect with large cavity of
left outrigger cylinder, stretch 1
valve block
Ps: The right or left according
to the direction when the driver
sits on the seat facing the load
side.
16
1 2 3 4 5
Multi-function Valve
Multi-function valve is installed on the
front of frame, supplying oil to
telescopic cylinder and breaking
hammer pipeline.
If double-joint valve of multi-function
valve doesn’t need to work, it will
supply oil to excavate bucket rod
valve through port PHCO.
The pipeline connection is on the
right.
 1- Port P, connect with middle pump

of triple pump.
2-Port A1, connect with multi-
function steel pipe
3-Port A2, connect with small cavity
of telescopic cylinder
4- Port HPCO, connect with three
links port of valve block, interflow and
valve.
5- Port T, interflow with oil return
steel pipe of breaking hammer and
connect to oil return valve block.
6- Multi-function valve
7- Port B2, connect with large cavity
8- Port B1, connect with breaking
hammer pipeline
8 7 6
17
8 2 7 3
Multi-function Valve 4
Multi-function valve is installed on
the front of frame, supplying oil to
telescopic cylinder and breaking
hammer pipeline.
If double-joint valve of multi-function
valve doesn’t need to work, it will
valve through port PHCO.
right.
1- Port P, connect with middle pump

of triple pump.
2-Port A1, connect with multi-
function steel pipe
3-Port A2, connect with small cavity
4- Port HPCO, connect with three
1
links port of valve block, interflow
and supply oil to excavate bucket rod
valve.
5- Port T, interflow with oil return
steel pipe of breaking hammer and
connect to oil return valve block.
6- Multi-function valve
7- Port B2, connect with large
cavity of telescopic cylinder
8- Port B1, connect with breaking
hammer pipeline
6 5
18
Logical Reversing Valve

1 2 3 4
（Interflow Control Valve）
Logical Reversing Valve（Interflow
Control Valve）takes control of
hydraulic oil of steering system,
determining the oil to interflow to
load working hydraulic system or
excavate working hydraulic system. Interflow control
valve
right
1- Logical Reversing Valve
2- Port A, interflow with load pump
and connect with left Port P of load
multi-way valve
3- Port B, interflow with Port HPCO
of multi-function valve and connect
with right Port P of excavate multi-
way valve
4-connect with Port HPCO of multi-
function valve
5- connect with right Port P of
excavate multi-way valve
6-Port P, connect with port HPCO of
outrigger/swing multi-way valve
7- Port T, on the right side of port P,
interflow with port T of locking
magnetic valve and connect to oil
return valve block(shielded by three
links port on the right drawing ).
6 5
19
1 2
3
Oil Return Valve Block
Oil return valve block is installed on
the left side of middle frame,
including two back pressure valve,
controlling the flow quantity which
goes to radiator. The pipe
connection is on the right.
1- connect with port T of multi-
function valve
2- connect with port T of load multi-
way valve
3-connect with oil inlet port of
hydraulic oil radiator
4- connect with oil return port of
hydraulic tank
5- oil return valve block connect with
oil return port of hydraulic tank
6- connect with port T of interflow
control valve, locking magnetic
valve and oil return port of interflow
valve block
7- oil return valve block
8-port T of excavate multi-way
valve
9- connect with port T of
outrigger/swing multi-way valve
9 8 Include one- 7 6 5 Include one- 4

way valve 2bar way valve 4bar
20
Clamp Cylinder
The clamp and loosen movement of
clamp cylinder are controlled by

magnetic valve of excavate multi-way
valve, the clamp cylinder pipe is
defaulted connecting with pressure
oil circuit, when press the button of
clamp cylinder, the magnetic valve
will be powered, the oil circuit
connects to oil return line and
working device can be moved under
external force.
The magnetic
valve pipeline of
excavate multi-
way valve
21
c
3 4 3
Outrigger Cylinder
The extend and retraction
movement of left/right outrigger are

controlled by outrigger cylinder. The
pipe connection is on the right.
1- Left outrigger cylinder

2- Right outrigger cylinder
3- Hydraulic lock

4-Outrigger/swing multi-way valve
Large cavity of Large cavity of

left outrigger right outrigger
2 1
22
Swing Cylinder
 The large/small cavity of left and
right swing cylinder are connected
each other respectively through
interconnected pipe, pressure oil
comes into small cavity of left swing
cylinder, controlling working device
move to left, whereas move to right.
23
Chapter III Steering Hydraulic System
Overview of Steering Hydraulic

System
Steering Hydraulic System of B877
is load sensing hydraulic system. 4

Steering
This system will supply oil to steering gear
hydraulic system preferentially. The
residual oil will supply to working
device hydraulic system.
Mainly consisting of steering pump,
priority valve, loading sensing 3
steering gear, steering cylinder,
pipeline, etc.
To outrigger/swing
Safety valve is on steering gear, the oil circuit
system setting pressure is15MPa.
 1-Port P, connect with small pump of Priority

valve
triple-joint pump
2- Priority valve
3- Steering gear
4- Steering cylinder

2
Back to
hydraulic tank 1
24
Steering Pump
 The picture of steering pump pipe connection is on the bellow
25
Steering Pump
 The steering pump is gear pump,
installed on the gearbox selecting
power port with working pump;
 Triple Pump: 32/32/25
 Displacement； 32/32/25 ml/r.
 1- After interflowing with

interflow(not clear sentence) control
valve port A, connects to oil inlet
port P of load multi-way valve.
 2- Connect with port P of multi-
function valve
 3- Connect with port P of priority
valve
3 2 1
26
5
Priority Valve
The priority valve works together
with steering gear and forms load
sensing steering system. When
rotate speed of steering wheel
changes, the flow quantity required
by steering gear can be ensured
preferentially. The residual oil will
enter working device hydraulic 1
system. 4
There are four oil ports on the

priority valve, oil inlet port P, oil
outlet port EF, port CF, feedback
port LS. Each port connection is on 3
the right. 2
1-Priority Valve
2- Port P, connect with steering
pump
3-Port CF, connect with port P of
steering gear
4-Port EF, connect with left port P of Priority
outrigger/swing multi-way valve valve
5-Port LS, connect with port P of
steering gear
27
Steering Gear
 Type: Xcel45-160????
 There are five oil ports on the
steering gear, oil inlet port P, oil
return port T, left steering oil inlet
port L, right steering oil inlet port R
and feedback oil port LS, These five
ports connect with port CF of priority
valve, oil return port of hydraulic tank,
large cavity of right steering cylinder,
large cavity of left steering cylinder
and port LS of priority valve
respectively,
Steering
gear
 1-Oli return port T
 2-Oil inlet port P
 3-Left steering oil port L
 4-Feedback oil port
 5-Right steering oil port R
28
Steering Cylinder 1 2 3 4
 Steering cylinder is fixed on front
frame, just like the picture on the
right.
 1- Left steering oil pipe
 2- Steering cylinder
 3- Right steering oil pipe
 4- Front axle
29
Chapter IV Service and Parking Brake System
Classification of Brake System

The brake system of this machine
contains service bake system and

parking brake system.
The Overview of Brake System

The function of service brake
system is to force the backhoe
reduce the speed or park during the
moving of the vehicle according to
the driver’s demand, or hold the
speed of backhoe when it goes
down the slope.
The function of parking brake
system is to keep the stopped

backhoe hold on the road stably
under all kinds of condition( including
slope), rather than slipping
automatically.
30
Features Of B877 Brake System
 1. Vacuum pump provides negative

pressure assistance
 2. Only the rear wheel brakes and it Advantages and disadvantages of all brake systems
can brake separately Compare Vacuum Full
No. Gas Cap Oil
 3. Use hydraulic oil as brake oil.
Contents Assistance Hydraulic
1 Cost Low High low
2 Reliability Lower High Lower
3 Comfort Medium High High
Layout of Less
4 Maturity Maturity
installation experience
Brake
pressure not Reliability is
5 Limited Cost is high
easy low
improved
31
Service Brake System

 The service brake system of B877 is
vacuum booster servo brake system. Labor Base
It is based on labor brake(not clear
sentence) system and provided with
vacuum booster device additionally,
so we can use those both power to
brake.
 Under normal circumstances, the Vacuum Booster
most of brake energy is provided by
vacuum booster system.
 When the vacuum booster system

doesn’t work, the driver can provide a
sum certain mechanical force to stop
Hydraulic Brake
the machine.
32
Schematic Diagram of Service

Brake System
During moving, depress the brake
pedal, vacuum pump forms a sum

certain vacuum to booster constant
pressure room. The force made by
brake pedal opens booster air valve,
forming different pressure between
the two sides of booster membrane .
Pedal input force and booster act
on main cylinder of booster together.
By this time, the mechanical force
is converted to hydraulic pressure,
making effect on rear axle brake
piston to press the brake disc, so
achieve the purpose of deceleration
or stopping.
 Loosen the brake pedal,
compression air will be set out to 1. Vacuum pump 2. Vacuum booster 3. Brake pedal
atmosphere from brake valve,
Braking state lifts.
33
Schematic Diagram of Service

Brake System
 Service brake system includes
vacuum pump, vacuum booster,
brake pedal, oil cup and bracket, etc.
 1. Brake pedal
 18. Vacuum pump
 13. Vacuum booster and oil cup
 11.Brake booster and oil cup(not
cleat, looks like washer)
 28. Booster pipe
34
Components of Service Brake 1 2 3 4

System
 1. Vacuum pump
 Vacuum pump is installed on the left
side of engine selecting power port.
You can see it on the right picture.
 Vacuum pump connects with engine
output shaft through spline shaft.
Because the seam allowance of
engine is limited, so they are
connected by transition plate. Air inlet
port connects to the inner cavity of
vacuum booster.
 1. Engine
 2. Vacuum pump
 3. Lubrication oil pipe
 4. Air tube, connect with air tube of
vacuum booster
35
Components of Service Brake

System
1. Vacuum pump
Mainly consisting of pump body,

Air inlet
rotor, air inlet and outlet port, etc.
The driving torque make rotor
rotate through the engine
camshaft and vacuum pump spline,
so as to drive the single vane to
rotate along the outline of vacuum
pump cavity and around eccentric
position of the cavity. Engine connection
 The pump body is divided into two
cavities, one side is a vacuum cavity.

With rotation of the single vane, the
chamber volume is larger and larger,
so as to create vacuum, at the same
time it connects with vacuum booster
and improve the vacuum degree of
booster. The right chamber is the
compression chamber, with Air outlet
the rotation of it, the right chamber
is smaller and smaller, compress the
lubrication oil and air to the engine.
36

System Position
plate
 2. Brake pedal
 There are two brake pedals, the
right and left. The left rear brake is Connecting
controlled by left brake pedal, so is
rod
the right. Two pedals can linkage
together through locking rod
Locking
rod
 Position plate: installation of pedal
and position of the return
 Connecting rod: adjust the height of
two pedals to the same
 Locking rod: make rear left and
right wheels to achieve synchronic
brakes
37
1

System
 3. Vacuum booster
 Installed on the front of cab. Picture
of each pipe connection is on the
right. 2
 1. Vacuum booster 3
 2. Brake taillight switch
 3. connect with oil cup（sharing one
oil cup ） 4
 4. connect with brake oil port of

left/right wheel-side.
5
 5. connect with air tube of vacuum
pump
38

System
4. Operating principles of vacuum
booster
The principle is to use the different
pressure between atmosphere and Connect with

negative pressure which created by oil pipe
engine to force the membrane in the
booster move, push the piston of
Brake oil
main cylinder, achieving the
pipe
purpose of reducing human’s
burden.
Performance Parameter:
1. Effective route of booster piston Vacuum
is 32, pipeline
2. Brake main cylinder diameter is
Φ32；
3. Brake oil type: hydraulic oil
（VG46）；
39

System
Parameter of brake system
 4. Operating principles of vacuum Lever principle
booster Main cylinder diameter/mm 32
pivot
 Lever principle used by brake pedal: Route of main cylinder/mm 32

maximum vacuum
operating force: 66700
degree/Pa
F1×A=F2×B
Brake pressure/Mpa 4.3
∴F1=F2×B/A
Required input force of
Route: 2009.6
brake cylinder/N
a/b=A/B Force produced by
1340.4
∴a=b*B/A pushrod
booster/N
Required input of valve
669.2
rod/N
Lever ratio of pedal 6.2
Input force of pedal/N 108
40
Booster
Vacuum
booster
Brake
cylinder
• Amplify the input force provided

Booster by brake pedal and act on main
brake cylinder.
• Convert the input force

Brake provided by vacuum booster
Cylinder to hydraulic and output into
brake pipeline
41
One membrane:
membrane
Two valves: air valve

and vacuum valve
Three cavities: inside

and outside cavity, air
cavity
Structure Chart of Booster
42

System
booster
Under natural condition, vacuum
valve port A remains open under the Inside and outside cavity
common effect of coil spring and are connected
support spring, but the air valve port
B stays closed, so the front and rear
cavity of vacuum booster are Vacuum valve
connected together, at the same time, port A opened
they are isolated with atmosphere;
-Vacuum valve port A: the function
of the gap between valve ring bottom
and piston housing: connect front
and rear cavity;
-Air valve port B: the function of
the gap between valve ring bottom
and lock base: connect rear cavity
with atmosphere; Air valve port B
If the engine is working at this time, closed
the vacuum made by vacuum pump
will make front and rear cavity of
membrane stay vacuum. Natural Condition
43

System
booster
Under middle working condition, the Inside and outside
force from brake pedal push the cavity are separated
control handle forward, lock base
also will move with it. The vacuum Vacuum valve
valve port A closes, segregating the port A closed
front and rear cavity, then air valve
port B opens and air comes into rear External
cavity. The resulting different air
pressure between front and rear
cavity push membrane forward.
Air valve port B
Diaphragm plate goes forward taking opened
along with piston, at this time, the
push rod put the force on the piston.
The oil pressure of main cylinder
pass to brake piston through brake
pipeline. Middle Working Condition
44

System
booster Inside and outside cavity

 Release the pedal, the control are connected
handle moves backward taking along
Vacuum valve
with lock base under the common
port A opened
effect of return spring and valve ring
spring. Valve port B closes first, then
subsequent movement will open External
air
vacuum valve port A. Front and rear
cavity of booster are connected and Air valve port B
closed
vacuum of rear cavity rebuilds. At
the same time, the membrane,
membrane plate, piston return to
initial position under the effect of
Brake Releasing Condition
return spring.
45

System Oil inlet Brake oil Two main cylinder
4. Operating principles of vacuum port A circuit B connected oil port C One-way valve
booster
One-way Valve: One-side open:
connected oil pipe cuts off, one-side

brake;
Two-sides open : oil pipe is
connected, to balance the oil
pressure, can solve the problem ---
partial brake.
Oil segregate rubble bowl: It can

segregate oil cup and pressure oil
with the help of main cylinder,
making the brake oil circuit to be Oil segregate rubble Return spring of main
airtight and become high pressure oil bowl cylinder
circuit.
Return spring of main cylinder:

Structure of main cylinder

provide return force needed by main

cylinder.
46

System
5. Oil Cup
Oil cup is on the front of machine,
the height of installation should be

higher than booster brake oil circuit.
The oil is supplied automatically.
High temperature can cause
maturing of rubber parts easily, so

the oil cup and oil supply device
should be away from high
temperature(silencer). Not clear
There is a open end on the engine
hood, the oil level should be at 3/4 of

oil cup, if lower, should be added.
The break oil type is same with

hydraulic oil of this machine.
47

System
 6. Brake pipe and deflating valve 1 2 3 4
 Axle is wet brake, the brake pipeline
and deflating valve are on the right
pictures.
 1. Left deflating valve

 2. Left brake oil pipe
 3. Right deflating valve
 4. Right brake oil pipe
48

System
 7. Brake Taillight Switch
 The switch is installed on the rear

left side of middle position of brake
oil pipe. When brake oil flows through Brake Taillight
the brake pipe, the switch can sense Switch
the oil pressure, then control the
brake taillight to be on.
Brake
Taillight
49
schematic diagram of parking

brake pipe connection
Hand brake operating mechanism
includes hand brake, control lever
and control flexible shaft. When the
driver pull up the control lever, the
pull rod swings, making the
cylindrical cam which on the top of
pull rod rotate and two-side brake
shoe(friction plate) roll out. So the
friction plates press on the inside
circumference of brake drum which
rotating with transmission, then
achieving the purpose of parking
brake.
 At the same time, it can provided
electrical signal to control parking
direction light, remind the driver that
the machine is on braking state.
Not
Labor Base clear Parking Brake Parking Brake
Handle
Flexible shaft
transmits route
and force
Tension Brake
Parking Brake
Direction Light
50
Chapter V Electrical system
Section I Electrical system components, feature, Circuit Analysis
Section II Electrical schematic diagram and Components of B877
Section III Power Supply and Starting System
Section IV Instrument Monitoring System
Section V Lighting and Signal System
Section VI Reverse Warming System
Section VII Wiper and Washer System
Section VIII Electric Horn, Cigarette Lighter, Radio
51
Section I Electrical system components, feature, Circuit Analysis
The Components of Electrical

System
 Electrical system is an important

component of backhoe, its main
function is to start and control the
diesel engine, complete the lighting,
signal direction and instrument
monitoring, etc. The quality of the
electrical system makes a direct
impact on the reliability of backhoe
loader as well as the driving and
working safety.
52
Major Component of B877

Electrical System
The electrical system of backhoe is
mainly consist of five parts:
1.Power: including battery, engine
assembly, etc.
2.Starting device: mainly including
start motor, start relay, electrical
lock, etc. Their task is to start the
diesel engine.
3.Lighting signal device: mainly
including all kinds of lighting and
signal light, horn, buzzer, etc. Their
task is to ensure the safety of human
and machine as well as the smooth
of working.
4. Instrument monitoring device:
including all kinds of pressure
sensor, thermometer, temperature
sensor and pressure low warming
device.
5. Auxiliary device: including
electrical wiper, air condition,
cigarette lighter, radio, etc.
53
 Features of B877 electrical

system
1.Low pressure:
Rated voltage is 12V, use one 12v
battery
2.Direct current:
The start of diesel engine relies on
the start motor. It is DC series wound
motor, must be supplied by battery.
The charging of battery must be DC,
so this decides the electrical system
of backhoe is DC system.
3.Negative pole connects to ground
The negative pole of the battery
connects to frame, the entire frame
is equivalent to a wire, referred to as
"ground ". In this article, all referred
“connect to ground ”means current
flows to the negative pole of battery
through the frame.
54
 Analysis of electrical system

All electrical equipment of B877are
connected in parallel, any one
complete circuit is from of the power
supply, fuses, switches, controls,
electrical equipment, wires and other
components.
In order to form a circuit,
current must flow from the positive
pole of power, pass through the fuses,
switches, control devices, wires to
the electrical equipment, then go
through the wire (or ground) back to
negative pole.
When viewing schematics and
problem analysis, you can proceed
according to above principles.
55
3
Introduction of B877 Schematic 2

Diagram
 1. Rear headlight rocker switch 1

 2. Rear headlight relay
 3. Fuse
 4.Rear headlight
 5.Connector
CN10-On behalf of the connector
name is CN9, A and B are plug and
jack of connector;
45-wire No., every wire has a
print wire No.
56
Section II Electrical schematic diagram and Components of B877
rocker switch
 1.High and lower beam of Front

combination lamp
 2. Headlight
 3.Bcaklight
 4.Drive model selection switch
 5.Slience switch
 6.Rotating warming light switch
 7.Differrential lock switch
 8.Rear wiper switch
 9.Hydraulic locking magnetic switch
 10.Rear headlamp switch
 11.Rear lamp switch
57
 Combination lever switch
 1. Gearshift control
 2. Horn control
 3.Front wiper control
 4.Front combination lamp high
beam control
 5.Washen switch control
 6.Turn light control
58
 Button Switch
 1. Magnetic valve switch of lift arm

lock cylinder
 2. Horn control
Magnetic valve of
lift arm lock
cylinder
59
 Fuse
Fuse (also known as insurance)not

clear: fuse plays an important role in
the protect of circuit.
There are a variety of chip fuses
colors on the right form.

The insurance is fusing or not can
1 2
be judged by visual test or multi-
meter; Not clear.
ATS10 ATS7.5 ATS10 ATS15 ATS20 ATS25
The resistance between two not Transp
tawny coffee Red Blue Yellow
fusing insurance is about 1Ω. arent
Warming: This product used fuse
should accord with The relevant
provisions of QC/T 420
《Automotive Fuses》.so if need
to change fuse, please use the
parts required by SDLG. Market
3
random purchases is forbidden
1. Sheet type Fuses
2. Waterproof fuses
3. Fuse box
60
 Intermediate relay
 Intermediate relays of B877 vehicles
were used as lighting control, start
interlock, forward and back controls,
shift control, horn, gearbox pressure
acquisition and control, installed Front Rear Flasher
work work
inside of the control box. Horn light light
Shift Forward Backward Star Shift- High Low

gear Rear t speed beam bea
switch headlight inte pressur of m of
rloc e switch front front
k light light
61
 Intermediate relay
 The relay has 85, 86, 87, 87a, 30
five terminals. There is a coil
between 85 and 86. Normally open
and closed compact are between
C30 and 87, 87 respectively.
 After the coil is energized, 30 is

connected with 87 and disconnected
with 87a, after power failure, the
85
situation is opposite.
87
87a
86 30
62
Section III Power Supply and Starting System
 Battery
 The whole machine uses one

battery. It is reversible DC power
supply, connected with
generator(alternator) in parallel,
supply power to electric device. One
battery can provide 200-600A starting
current to start motor in short time (5-
10s). Battery can also absorb over
voltage occurred in circuit randomly,
so it could provide electrical
components from being damaged.
Attention: Battery must be
installed stably, So as not to be

damaged with the machine
bumps. Please turn off the power
if long time parking.
Warming: Please keep the
battery far away from fire. When

welding operations, please
disconnect the battery cable all,
in order to avoid an damages.
64
 Battery
Green: Battery stock Is over 65%,
normal
Black: Battery stock Is over 65%,
normal
White: Overcharged, Should be
replaced with new

When assembling, should
assemble the positive pile, then the
negative one; disassembling, the
operation is opposite, avoid short
circuit, protect the pile and wrench
from being damaged.
The battery terminal voltage
detecting method:
Using 200V DC multi-meter to
detect. The red pen to take the
battery positive output cable pile
head, black pen to take the negative
battery pile head, the multi-meter
reading is the battery terminal
voltage(typically between 12V to 1－Green 2－Black 3－Light Yellow 4－ Battery Cover
14V) 5－ Observation window 6－ Optical charge status indicator
7－Green Ball
65
 Power switch
Power switch controls battery
negative and the frame (ground)
turned on and off. Closing the power
switch, The connect between battery
negative and the frame is turned on,
open locks, vehicle electrical load is
energized; Turn off the power switch,
the negative battery disconnects
with the frame, the vehicle can not
form a loop circuit, even open locks,
vehicle does not have electricity, and
can not start, too.
Operation of the power switch: “O"

for the OFF position, "|" for the
closed position.
66
 Generator (alternator)
Generator(alternator) is the
supporting components of diesel
engine generally, connected with
battery in parallel to supply power to
whole vehicle. Before the machine
start, powered by battery; after
machine works, powered by
generator (alternator), and the
generator is also charging the battery
pack.
67
Generator(alternator) wiring
diagram
B877generator has three major lead
terminals, it's shown on the right,
they are:
B+: The generator power output;
D+: Excitation current input;
W: Tachometer signal;
68
Battery Relay
56 # line and 56a # lines are
connected to battery positive. The

28th line is connected with the ON
position of power locks, 56c # and
56d # line connect the fuse box,
giving power supply to the whole
insurance relay, 29 # line to the
flameout solenoid valve.
When the electric lock key to the ON

position, 28 # 0 and # lines turn on,
then 56 # 2 and # line are connected
and began to supply power to the
entire vehicle.
1. 56c#-Connect fuse box
2.56d#-Connect fuse box
3. 29#-Connect flameout solenoid
valve
4. 0#-Grounding
5. 28#- Connect Electric lock
6.56#-Connect the battery positive
7.56a#-Connect the battery positive
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
69
Start interlock
 Middle position of gear lever is used
in conjunction with start interlock
relay and start relay, when not in
neutral gear, making the machine
can not start, plays a security role.
Start motor
70
 Start relay
Start relay controls the start motor

with handle middle position and start
interlock relay together by a small
current controlling high current,
plays a security role..
No. 1 and 3 for the 22nd line, No.1
Connects start relay, then No.3 to

the smoking limiter
Start relay and start motor has a
ground wire inside, No. 2 Connects

battery positive
When No. 1 and 3, 22 # line are
energized, two crude terminals of

starter motor are connected..
1.22# line
2. Start motor line
3. 22# line
1 2 3
71
 Structure of Start motor
Starter motor is supporting

components of diesel engine. The
main functions are: convert the
battery energy to mechanical energy,
and then start the engine through the
transmission mechanism.
The starter is mainly composed
of the electromagnetic switch, the
DC motor, the shifting fork, the
transmission gear. The starter
motor converts the battery electric
energy into mechanical
energy through the DC, the engine
flywheel is driven by a drive gear, to
realize the starting of the engine.
72
 Common fault judgment of start

motor
2） Fault phenomenon:
Starting, the starter
motor no reaction.
Treatment:
1. Check the forward and
backward control handle in the
middle or not.
2.Turn the lock to “START”, at the
启动联锁继电器
same time, check the voltage of start
motor magnetic-switch. If no voltage,
you should check the electric lock,
start interlock relay, starter relay,
battery etc. . Including check the
circuit of battery connection, negative
switch, the grounding line, if these
are good, we can say the start motor
are broken..
73
 Instrument panel
Chronograph Differential lock indicator

Tachometer light special for backhoe
Oil level gage
Transmission oil temperature
gauge
Normal temperature: 60-120Ԩ
Engine coolant temperature
Normal temperature: 60-100Ԩ
Indicator light components
74
Section IV Instrument Monitoring System
Instrument indicator lamp

1. Turning indicator lamp
2. The main fault alarm lamp
3.Parking brake indicator lamp
The red indicator lamp is on when

parking
4.Differential lock working lamp
The lamp is on when differential
lock works.
5.Gearbox pressure alarm lamp
6.High beam indicator lamp
This lamp is on when high beam is

on.
7.Engine coolant temperature
alarm lamp
It will alarm when the engine water
temperature is higher than 110Ԩ.
8.Charge indicator lamp
9.Engine oil pressure low alarm
indicator light
10.Slience indicator lamp
11.The left leg up indicator lamp
12.The right leg up indicator lamp
75
Must be translated!!!
Instrument wiring
diagram
76
 传感器线路
 1. 制动气压传感器
 2. 手刹指示开关
 3. 发动机水温传感器
 4. 变矩器油温传感器
 5. 燃油油位传感器
 6. 发动机机油压力开关
 7. 发电机
 8. 变速箱油压传感器
77
Temperature sensor
B877 has set up two temperature

sensors to monitor the torque
converter oil temperature and water
temperature. The temperature sensor is
equal to a thermistor, its resistance
decreases with the increase of
temperature. ( room temperature: 26～
226 Ω; 115Ԩ: 26.4 Ω)
 Maintenance when thermometer

indicating is not normal
Remove the sensing line of
temperature sensor ( torque
converter oil temperature and water
temperature are corresponding to the
15, No. 14, wire respectively), If
the sensing wire bonding, the
instrument will display the full range,
if the sensing line hanging, meter will
show the minimum reading, that
indicates instrument and circuit are good, 1 2
sensor is damaged, please replace the
sensor. Otherwise, check the lines, if
the circuit is good, indicating instrument 1. Torque converter oil
damaged. temperature sensor
2. Engine water
temperature sensor
78
 The oil level sensor
The fuel level sensor is actually

a discrete slide wire resistance, oil
level rises, the resistance
decreases. It’s installed in the fuel
tank.
 The fault checking when fuel

level indicator is not normal
Remove the sensing wire of fuel
level sensor(No.19 wire), if the

sensing line connects the ground,
instrument will display the full range;
if the sensing line hanging, the Fuel level sensor
instrument will shows the minimum
reading; that indicates instrument
and circuit are good please replace
the sensor. Otherwise, check the
lines, if the circuit is
good, indicating instrument
damaged.
79
Low pressure warning switch

The whole vehicle sets two low oil
pressure warning switches;

 The oil pressure is lower than
0.08MPa(should have in in bar
also), the alarm indicating
lamp will alarm.
80
 The summary of instrument panel, temperature sensor, pressure sensor and various pressure switchs.
Instrument panel The transmission oil pressure low Brake taillight switch, normally The legs up close
alarm switch, normally closed, if open, if the pressure ups to 5 switch
the pressure up to 9.5 + 0.5 bar, off + 2bar, closed
Engine oil pressure switch, a Reverse pressure switch, normally

Transmission oil Engine water normally closed, if the pressure open, if the pressure ups to0.7
temperature sensor temperature sensor is higher than 0.8 + 0.15 bar, off + 0.05Mpa, closed
81
Section V Lighting and Signal System
2
 Position and name of light 1
1. Headlight
2. Front combination light
82
1
 Position and name of light
1.Rotating warning light

2.Rear hood light
3.Rear headlight
3
4.Rear taillight
83
Front combination lamp

circuit principle
84
 Common fault maintenance

of front combination lamps
1.Check the bulb is black or
not, if black, can be sure that
light bulb is damaged, replace the
light bulb;
2.Check the 15A insurance(fuse) of
front headlight fused or not.
3. Pull off connector, shift
the dimmer switch to high beam and
lower beam respectively, detect the
voltage between No.49 and No.50
wire of connector with multi-meter
DC voltage profile, if the voltage is
12V, then check
the connector connection, if the
connection is loosen, reconnect, if
the connection fasteners, that
means internal connection looses or
the headlight bulb is damaged. If
the voltage is 0V, check the following
steps
4. Check the connector connection is
reliable and the wire harness is worn
or not.
5. Check the combination switch light
changing gear function.
85
The circuit principle of front and
rear headlight
 Front and back four lights of cab are

defined the front /rear headlight.
86
 Circuit principle of rear headlight
The two lamps of

lampshade is defined rear headlight
87
 Turning light circuit

Combined switch material. Turning
light switch is realized by part
function of combined switch
88
Turning light circuit


Flash relay three pins are defined as

:
B——Power supply end, connect to
No.22 wire
L——Flash signal output end,
connect to No33 wire.
E——Ground, connect to NO.0 wire
When in normal work, flash
relay will issue
slight "Da", "Da", "Da" sound, the
frequency is about 50 times per
minute. Otherwise it can be
concluded that flash relay damaged
Warming light switch:
The parking light switch
control four turn lights and two
steering indicating lamps on the
dashboard , the switch is
closed, the four steering lamp
and two steering indicating lamp will Must be translated!!!
be shining at the same time, in order
to warn the passing vehicles.
89
 Width lamp circuit

Open the electric lock, 15A
insurance will have electricity(12V),
turn the combined switch to backlight,
the switch of backlight is on, No.30
wire will get electric, the width lamp
of front combination light and taillight
will shine.
90
 Brake light circuit
A pressure switch are arranged in

the left and right foot brake valve.
Step on the brake, the brake
pressure at the brake light
switch will make contracts of brake
light switch closed, then
current passes through the 20A
insurance, No.40 line of the brake
light insurance, the brake light
switch, No. 8 wire to the two brake
lights, so the brake lights shine.
Brake light switch: normally

open, if pressure is about 1.3bar, it
will have action, contacts are going
closed.
91
 Brake light circuit
How to judge the brake light switch

is damaged :
First determine the brake pressure
is normal (open electric lock, if the
dashboard brake low pressure
warning lights, indicates that
brake pressure is not normal,
otherwise, start the car(engine), to
the brake low pressure warning light
does not shine), if it's normal,
remove the wire of brake light, detect
the two switch pins with multi-meter,
if the reading is not same as below
diagram, that indicates pressure is
damaged, need to be replaced. Brake On
Not brake Off
92
Section VI Reverse Warming System
 principles
Open electric lock, 20A

insurance(fuse) gets electric. when
the vehicle hanging on reverse gear,
reverse switch is on, N0.9 wire gets
electric, reverse warming buzzer
alarms. At the same time, the right
and left reverse taillight lights.
93
Section VI Reverse Warming System
Common failures analysis
 Open lock, hang reverse

gear, reversing alarm does not ring;
1. Check the 20A insurance whether
fused or not.
2. Check the connectors and wire
connection is firm and reliable or not..
The general failure is the connector
which is loosen
or harness cause wire No. 9 worn to
make middle circuit break.
3. Check the reversing switch is damaged
or not, if good, should hang reverse
gear, two wire s of reverse switch are
connected.
4. If the above check has no problem,
please check the voltage of No.9wire
which on the reverse alarm
switch, if voltage is
normal (12V), indicates the reverse
alarm damaged, need to be replaced; if
no voltage, the general failure is the
connector is loosen or worn
Common failures analysis:
: Open lock, no matter on which
gear, reverse alarm always rings; this
kind of failure is generally caused by
reversing switch contact adhesions, few
cases are due to short-circuit of No.
9 and a power line.
94
Section VII Wiper and Washer System
 Wiper principles
Open electric lock, 15A wiper

insurance gets electric, (12V）water
wash switch is on, water motor
works through No.37 wire gets
electric, it will operate to inject the
water in kettle onto the
glass.(installed under the front
window glass of cab).
95
Wiper principles
Wiper motor is a permanent magnet
motor, using the way of controlling
the positive. Open electric lock,
No.37 wire will get electric.
As shown in Figure, wiper
motor connects five wires :
Red line: power wire；
Black line: reset wire, connect to the
ground at first
Blue line another brush wire of high
gear armature;
White line: another brush wire of
low gear armature.
Ⅰ gear : low gear, pin 37 and pin 25

are connected;
Ⅱ gear: high gear, pin 37 and pin
26 are connected；
OFF gear: pin 24 and pin 25 are
connected, make sure the wiper can Must be translated!!!
always stop at the initial position.
96
 Maintenance of common failure
 Wiper motor doesn’t work

1.Check 15A wiper insurance fused
or not.
2.Check wiper switch damaged or
not.
3.Check connector loosen and wire
worn or not
4. Check wiper motor armature is
short circuit or circuit breaker
Nozzle doesn’t spray

1.Observe the motor is running and
pumping water or not
2. Check the water route is
connected or not（ The pipe is
disconnected or tie too tight ）.
3. Check if the nozzle jam.
97
Section VIII Electric Horn System
 Principle explanation
1. Open electric lock, 10A electric
horn insurance gets electric, press
the electric, horn current will flow
through 10A insurance, electric horn,
electric horn to the ground, the
electric horn keeps buzzing.
1. Electric horn button

2. Electric horn install position
98
Section VIII Electric Horn System
 Maintenance of common failure

Open electric lock, press the
electric horn, , it doesn’t buzz.
1. Check 20A electric horn insurance
fused or not.
2. Check electric horn switch work or
not, In the normal working condition,
press the electric horn switch, No.12
wire connects to the ground.
3. Check connector loosen and wire
worn or not.
4. Check the electric horn damaged
or not(put one of terminal connects
to 12v, another connects to the
ground, if it doesn’t buzz, we can
make sure that the electric horn is
broken.)
Principle diagram of electric horn circuit
99
Chapter VI Air Conditioning System
The Overview of
Conditioning System
The A/C system is composed of
compressor, evaporator assembly,
condenser assembly, fluid reservoir,
restricting element and refrigerating
hose, etc..
1-control panel
2-Steam pressure tube assembly
3- Air conditioning pipe （from
evaporator to compressor)
4- Air conditioning pipe （from fluid
reservoir to condenser）
5- Compressor
compressor to condenser）
condenser to fluid reservoir）

8- Fluid reservoir
10- Condenser assembly
11-The filter net
12-Air conditioning wiring harness
13-Evaporating fan
100
Main Components of Air

Conditioning System
 The compressor is driven by
a vehicle engine through a belt, the
system is energized by the vehicle
power supply. Temperature, air
quantity are controlled by
panel switch.
 Refrigeration makes use of air
conditioning refrigerant; heating
makes use of the engine heater.
101
Working Principles of
Conditioning System
 A The working principle of the
compression process
The low-temperature
low-pressure refrigerant is taken in
by compressor to be compressed to
the high-temperature and high-
pressure gas then the gas enters
the condenser. This process
consumes mechanical work.
 B The condensation process
High-temperature and high-
pressure gas are taken into
the condenser and forced cooling,
gradually turned into a high-
temperature, high-pressure liquid
refrigerant. Must be translated!!!
102
Working Principles of
Conditioning System
 C Throttling expansion process
The liquid refrigerant is dried and
filtered in the dryer, then are
transported to the expansion valve to
change into low-temperature low –
pressure fluid. The Characteristic of
this process is that pressure and the
temperature drop sharply.
D The evaporation process
The refrigerant liquid comes in to

evaporator after cooling and
decompressing through
the expansion. the liquid changes to
low-temperature low- pressure gas
by absorbing the heat and comes to
compressor. The fan force the air to
pass through the evaporator to
absorb heat in the cab and cool,
achieving the purpose of cooling. Must be translated!!!
103
THE END
104

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Part II System Structure and Operating Principles of The Machine

 Classification of Brake  Clamp Cylinder Conditioning

 Configuration and Feature:

Torque Converter and Gearbox

 Type: Italian Carraro Gearbox

Speed-shifting Control Valve

 2. Reverse Gear Magnetic Valve

 3. Driving Pattern Magnetic Valve

 4. Transmission Oil Filter

5. Oil Circuit of Differential Lock

 7. Forward Gear Magnetic Valve

 8. Speed-shifting Pressure Switch

Differential Lock and Lift Arm Lock Valve

 Displacement: 32/32/25 ml/r.

Outrigger/Swing Multi-way Valve

 1- Port P, connect with middle pump

1- Port P, connect with middle pump

Logical Reversing Valve

9 8 Include one- 7 6 5 Include one- 4

clamp cylinder are controlled by

movement of left/right outrigger are

1- Left outrigger cylinder

3- Hydraulic lock

Large cavity of Large cavity of

Overview of Steering Hydraulic

is load sensing hydraulic system. 4

 1-Port P, connect with small pump of Priority

3- Steering gear

4- Steering cylinder

 1- After interflowing with

There are four oil ports on the

Classification of Brake System

contains service bake system and

The Overview of Brake System

system is to keep the stopped

Features Of B877 Brake System

 1. Vacuum pump provides negative

Service Brake System

 When the vacuum booster system

Schematic Diagram of Service

pedal, vacuum pump forms a sum

Schematic Diagram of Service

Components of Service Brake 1 2 3 4

Components of Service Brake

Mainly consisting of pump body,

cavities, one side is a vacuum cavity.

Components of Service Brake

Components of Service Brake

 4. connect with brake oil port of

Components of Service Brake

pressure between atmosphere and Connect with

Components of Service Brake

 Lever principle used by brake pedal: Route of main cylinder/mm 32

Lever ratio of pedal 6.2

Input force of pedal/N 108

• Amplify the input force provided

• Convert the input force

Two valves: air valve

Three cavities: inside

Structure Chart of Booster

Components of Service Brake

Components of Service Brake

Components of Service Brake