THINKING ABOUT ARCHITECTURE

An Introduction to Architectural Theeory

COLIN DAVIES
Chapter 2
LANGUAGE
 In chapter 1, architecture was seen not
just as a practical craft

Representational art Conveyor of Meaning

ARCHITECTURE speaks
to us

HOUSE RAILWAY STATION

CITY
HOUSING APARTMENT RAILWAY
STATION
SIGN
MASJID CHURCH

CITY
 SIGN
SIGNIFIER SIGNIFIED
SOUND-IMAGE CONCEPT
A sign’s physical form (such as a The meaning or idea expressed by
sound, printed word, or image) a sign, as distinct from the physical
as distinct from its meaning form in which it is expressed

TREE
Chapter 2
LANGUAGE
DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION
SIGN SYSTEMS
ICON, INDEX, AND SYMBOL
AMBIGUITY AND DOUBLE CODING
AESTHETIC INTENTIONS
CREATING ARCHITECTURAL MEANING
COLLISION AND COMBINATION
DENOTATION AND
CONNOTATION
 PRIMARY
TANGIBLE
MEANING

DENOTATION Precise description of sign

LANGUAGE

The mental concept generated

from the signifier or sign CONNOTATION

SECONDARY
INTANGIBLE
MEANING
 ST PANCRAS
RAILWAY STATION
LONDON
OLD ROOF BRONZE STATUE CHAMPAGNE BAR

SPEED, LUXURY, ROMANCE

SIGN SYSTEM
BAIK ARCHITECTURE DAN LANGUAGE KEDUANYA MERUPAKAN SIGN SYSTEM

LINGUISTIC

PAROLE LANGUE
BAHASA TIAP INDIVIDU KAIDAH / ATURAN BERBAHASA
ARSITEKTU
R
KONSEP/GAGASAN/ PRINSIP PERANCANGAN
IDE/PEMIKIRAN ARSITEK

• LE CORBUSIER
• FRANK GEHRY ESTETIKA, FUNGSIONALITAS,
• ZAHA HADID STRUKTUR, IKLIM, PROGRAM
• REM KOOLHAS RUANG, DLL
• MIES VAN DE ROHE
• DLL
 PAROLE
LE CORBUSIER
ONE OF THE
PIONEERS OF
WHAT IS NOW
CALLED
MODERN
ARCHITECTURE
VILLAS AT WEISSENHOF ESTATE - GERMANY VILLA SAVOYE - FRANCE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Le_Corbusier_buildings diunduh 06 04 2014 pukul 21.28 WIB

FRANK GEHRY WALT DISNEY

CONCERT HALL,
LOS ANGELES

GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM BILBAO

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/94486/Walt-Disney-Concert- http://www.the-art-minute.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/bilbao-3.jpg
Hall-Los-Angeles-designed-by-Frank-O diunduh 06 04 2014 pukul 21.50 WIB diunduh 06 04 2014 pukul 22.10 WIB

DUBAI OPERA HOUSE

HEYDAR ALIYEV CENTER - AZERBAIJAN

ZAHA HADID
http://www.vistanature.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Heydar-Aliyev-
http://www.designboom.com/tools/WPro/images/08juneblogs2/op1.jpg
diunduh 06 04 2014 pukul 22.55 WIB Cultural-Center-.jpg diunduh 06 04 2014 pukul 22.58 WIB
ARCHITECTURE
 LANGUE
TEORI / PRINSIP PERANCANGAN DALAM ARSITEKTUR

IKLIM
ESTETIKA

PROGRAM
RUANG

KONSTRUKSI
STRUKTUR
DLL
ICON, INDEX, SYMBOL
 ICON, INDEX, SYMBOL
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SIGNIFIER AND SIGNIFIED IN ARCHITECTURE COULD BE ENTIRELY ARBITRARY

THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHER, CHARLES SANDERS

PEIRCE TRIED TO DEVELOP A COMPLETE
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR SIGN.
THE KIND OF RELATIONSHIP THAT A WORD HAS TO
ICON INDEX SYMBOL A THING – AN ARBITRARY LINK, SANCTIONED ONLY
BY TRADITION AND NOT RELYING ON ANY KIND OF
RESEMBLANCE.

IS A SIGNIFIER THAT RESEMBLES

THE THING IT SIGNIFIES

SIGNIFIER THAT “POINT TO” THE

THING IT SIGNIFIES
 ICON, INDEX, SYMBOL
ICON
ARCHITECTURAL STEPS DON’T
LOOK ANYTHING LIKE HUMAN
FEET BUT THEIR TREADS AND
RISERS HAVE THE DIMENSIONS
OF HUMAN FEET AND MATCH
HUMAN PHYSICAL CAPABILITIES.
ARCHITECTURE
COMPLEX BUILDINGS LIKE HOSPITALS AND AIRPORT ARE SYMBOL
ALWAYS WORRYING ABOUT “LEGIBILITY” OF THEIR
BUILDINGS. “SIGNAGE” BECOMES AN IMPORTANT PART OF
THE DESIGN , AND IT IS GENERALLY AGREED THAT THE LESS
SIGNAGE YOU NEED THE BETTER THE BUILDING IS FROM THE
POINT OF VIEW OF LEGIBILITY.
INDEX
CIRCULATION SPACE --- ENTRANCE HALL;
CORRIDORS; STAIRCASE; LANDING; ELEVATOR
LOBBIES --- LITERALLY POINTING PEOPLE IN
THE RIGHT DIRECTION.
AMBIGUITY AND DOUBLE CODING
menurut KBBI :
ambiguitas /am·bi·gu·i·tas/ n
1 sifat atau hal yg bermakna dua;
kemungkinan yg mempunyai dua pengertian;
2 ketidaktentuan; ke-tidakjelasan;
3 kemungkinan adanya makna atau penafsiran
yg lebih dr satu atas suatu karya sastra

Dalam bahasa, ambiguitas merupakan hal buruk

yang hanya dapat menimbulkan kebingungan
Seven Types of Ambiguity
William Empson

1. The metaphor, that is, when two things are said to be alike
which have different properties.
2. Two or more meanings are resolved into one.
3. Two ideas that are connected through context can be given
in one word simultaneously.
4. Two or more meanings that do not agree but combine to
make clear a complicated state of mind in the author.
5. A simile that lies halfway between two statements made by
the author when the author discovers his idea in the act of
writing.
6. When a statement says nothing and the readers are forced to
invent a statement of their own, most likely in conflict with
that of the author.
7. Two words that within context are opposites that expose a
fundamental division in the author's mind
 “Building can like a poem, mean
several things at the same time”

ROBERT VENTURI
Rumah di Philadelphia, yang dibangun untuk Vanna Venturi
 Modern atau Tradisional?

‘Shingle style’ - McKim Mead & White

Arsitektur Mannerist dan Baroque - Eropa
Early Modern - Le Corbusier
 poetic confusing
AMBIGUITAS funny SOLVE PROBLEM

Arsitek dituntut untuk memenuhi keinginan masyarakat

sedangkan selama 60 tahun terakhir pendidikan arsitektur lebih
mengarahkan ke inovasi daripada tradisi

MODERN + TRADISIONAL = “DOUBLE CODED”

-Learning from Las Vegas-
AESTHETIC INTENTION
 Kata atau kalimat yang memiliki makna ekstra
LANGUAGE
dari yang biasa digunakan sehari-hari

ARCHITECTURE Mengkombinasikan elemen-elemen arsitektur

dengan cara yang tidak biasa

Kekacauan tatanan kalimat berbahasa baru dapat diidentifikasi bila ada aturan yang sah

Berat berada
Aturan tidak
di bawah
Arsitektur begitu ketat
Ringan
Modern Dan dapat
berada di
diprediksi
atas
 MANNERIST

Menggagalkan
ekspektasi

Menolak untuk
berbicara
dengan cara biasa

Ironi (sindiran),
sarkasme,
berkebalikan dengan
yang ingin diucapkan

Remment Lucas "Rem" Koolhaas

Bordeaux house

“Look, I’m solid and

earthbound (not)”
Bordeaux house

“Look, I’m solid and

earthbound (not)”
CREATING ARCHITECTURAL MEANING
 LANGUAGE
READER

Arsitektur Klien, pengguna bangunan,

orang yang berlalu-lalang

Makna dari sebuah bangunan tidak hanya bergantung dari maksud sang arsitek
Tapi juga dari pemahaman seluruh pengguna bangunan
COLLUSION AND COMBINATION
Deconstruction
Constructivism
Jaques Derrida

Hybrid Style
Deconstructivism

Peter Eisenmen & Bernard Tschumi

 DECONSTRUCTIVIST ARCHITECTURE EXHIBITION
Museum of Modern Art New York 1988

They share a desire to destroy the general formal coherence of conventional architecture
INTINYA BUKAN MEMBENTUK SUATU SISTEM ELEMEN YANG JELAS
BERUPA DINDING-ATAP, KOLOM-BALOK, JENDELA DAN PINTU

BERKEBALIKAN DARI ITU

MEMBIARKAN ELEMEN-ELEMEN SALING BERTABRAKAN

DAN MENYATU DENGAN CARA YANG TIDAK DAPAT DIPERKIRAKAN
Penghargaan untuk :

ANINDHITA NURMALA P. 3211100009

ANGGITA TRIASTARI 3211100044
BAIQ MARWAH R. 3211100064
EMERALDA DIANITA 3211100070

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