Bitumen Modified With Styrene Butadiene Styrene

thermoplastic For Roofing Application

engineeringcivil.com/bitumen-modified-with-sbs-thermoplastic.html

By
Ms. Chinkal Patel – M.E. Chemical, GCPC , Gandhinagar
Prof. Rupande Desai – Asst. Professor of Rubber Technology, L. D. College of Engineering,
Ahmedabad
Dr. P. J. Gundaliya – Asst. Professor of Civil Engineering, L. D. College of Engineering,
Ahmedabad

ABSTRCT
In the Past, bitumen was used to waterproof roofs. The roof crack reflected through
to the surface of each successive bitumen patch. The cracking problem solve if
incorporated rubber in next round of patching. Roofing is a past or we also say that
present waterproof barrier of environment & Human Effectiveness.

The primary reason for using bituminous rubber is that it provides significantly
improved engineering properties over conventional grade bitumen.

Bitumen interact with SBS rubber are produce bitumen rubber at elevated
temperatures, under high agitation to promote high physical interaction of bitumen
binder and rubber constituents. After Practical evolution between Bitumen & SBS
Rubber, increase Flexibility & High Tensile strength & also reduce crack formation.
All Fundamentals of bituminous roofing have been received carefully.

Bitumen rubber binders can be engineered to perform in any type of climate.

Responsible bitumen rubber binder designers usually consider climate condition.

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The modification of Roofing material with SBS polymers has been a major factor in
improving the quality and performance of roofing materials for flat roofs to
become reputable and inspire public confidence for waterproofing of flat or slightly
inclined roofs. Its also new concept for SBS thermoplastic with bitumen to modified
for roofing application.
In Paper also include comparison value bitumen vs. modified bitumen with SBS
rubber. Improvement in physical properties of bituminous rubber also seen with
practical evaluation. The technology is environment viable. Modified Bitumen will
be a possible solution particularly during condition like heavy rainfall areas, areas
under hot weather conditions, less maintenance, high performance job and various
locations like airfields, dramatic transformation, better performing building.

I. INTRODUCTION
In British English, the word ‘Bitumen’ refers to a mixture of mineral aggregate and
bitumen (or tarmac in common parlance). The word ‘tar’ refers to the black viscous
material obtained from the destructive distillation of coal and is chemically distinct
from bitumen. Bitumen is a black, oily, viscous material that is a naturally-occurring
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organic byproduct of decomposed organic materials. Also known as bitumen or tar,
bitumen was mixed with other materials throughout prehistory and throughout
the world for use as a sealant, adhesive, building mortar, incense, and decorative
application on pots, buildings, or human skin.

The primary function of a roof is to present a waterproof barrier of lasting

effectiveness. Flat or slightly inclined roofs have proven to be highly space
economical and have therefore been applied in commercial buildings over many
years. Flat roofs have now also gained acceptance in the housing market, although
perception is influenced by the bad performance of early flat roofs.

The Bitumen Rubber is produce at elevated temperatures (>=180°C), under high

agitation to promote the physical interaction of the bitumen binder and rubber
constituents, and to keep the rubber particles suspended in the blend.

Composition: Bitumen is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. It can be derived

from a straight distillation of a single crude oil. However, it is usually a combination
of the heavier products from different processes in a refinery, blended to obtain
the right specification. Because of its complexity, the composition is expressed by
determining the relative amounts of classes of molecules, asphaltenes and
maltenes.1

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Modifier: Modified bitumen generally use a traditional waterproofing medium —

asphalt — modified with atactic polypropylene (APP), styrene butadiene styrene
(SBS), synthetic rubber or other agents that create a uniform matrix that enhances
the physical properties of the asphalt. SBS and APP are the most common bitumen
modifiers. The modification of roofing material with SBS polymers has been a
major factor in improving the quality and performance of roofing materials for flat
roofs to become reputable and inspire public confidence for waterproofing of flat
or slightly inclined roofs.
I. MIXING PROCESS:

Flow Diagram of Manufacturing Process of Bitumen Rubber

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Advantage:
Advantage:
1. Proven track record of performance
2. Superior waterproofing characteristics
3. Increase Flexibility2
4. Wide choice of top-surfacing, including “Cool Roofing” options
5. Reduce Flushing
6. With insulation, provides an even better-performing building component
7. High tensile-strength2
8. Available as part of a fire, wind, and/or hail rated roofing system
9. Improved surface texture
10. Competitive life-cycle cost2
11. Available with flame-free
12. Long-term warranties are available with many MB systems
13. Reduce permanent deformation such as rutting
14. Reduce crack formation
15. Reduce low temperature thermal stress cracking2
16. Improve shear resistance allowing thinner layers to be applied
17. Reduce fretting and stripping
18. Increase a roof life.
19. Increase Abrasion Resistance

Limitation:
1. No movement capability.

2. Debonding of membrane where vapour pressures exceed bond strength. This is

a particular problem with sheet applied adhesive membranes where vapour gets
trapped.3

3. Mobilization costs for bituminous rubber production equipment. For large

projects, this cost can be spread over enough tonnage so that increased unit price
may be offset by increase service life, lower maintenance cost, and reduce lift
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thickness. For small projects, however mobilization cost is the same, resulting in
greater increase in unit price that may not be fully offset.3

4. On exterior applications black surface increases temperature of slab, increasing

slab thermal movement and cracking.3

5. In the temperate climate of India some of the roofs are exposed to sun’s rays
from sunrise to sunset and
much of the sunlight strikes the roof surfaces at the steep angle. A dark roof coated
by bitumen can attain a very high surface temperature and in addition the
reflected radiation from adjacent surface can raise the surface temperature much
above than attained by direct radiation.

General Application
Since a bituminous mix prepared with modified bitumen has a higher stiffness
modulus, enhanced fatigue life, better resistance to creep and higher indirect
tensile strength. They are also used as Stress Absorbing Membrane (SAM) for
sealing of cracks as well as interim overlay for preventative maintenance or Stress
Absorbing Membrane Interlayer (SAMI) for delaying reflection cracking. Modified
bitumen performs better than ordinary bitumen in high rainfall areas and in
situations. Due to their better creep resistance properties, they can also be used at
busy intersections, bridge decks and roundabouts for increased life of the
surfacing.4

III. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

Polymer modification of the bituminous roofing material had a major
environmental impact, by increasing the roofs lifetime, reducing the number of
layers required, and reducing the use of liquid bitumen and traditionally associated
noxious emissions because of overheating. The roofing felt is a minor element of
the total environmental impact of a building, but despite that, pressure will
continue to improve the components’ environmental performance.

Further weight optimization through a further reduction in the number of applied

layers together with enhancements of the material itself will be one
environmentally-appropriate approach.

Close proximity of “green space” is another important improvement of the

environment that becomes possible. The use of new materials allows the
construction of reliable and long lasting green roofs with plants and trees growing
in a soil layer on top of the roof.

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IV. PRACTICAL EVALUATION

The Tests to be performed on Bitumen, modified bitumen and bituminous mix
using Conventional bitumen and modified bitumen. They include conventional
tests and non-conventional tests. The conventional and non-conventional tests of
modified bitumen were carried out at Transportation Laboratory of Civil
Engineering Department at L.D. College Engineering, Ahmedabad.
Conventional Test5 :
1. Penetration test
2. Softening Point test

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3. Flash & Fire Test

Non-Conventional Test5:
1. Ductility Test
2. Gravity Test

V. RESULT FOR CONVENTIONAL & NON CONVENTIONAL TEST

Graphs

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VI. LABORATORY PHOTOGRAPH

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VII. CONCLUSION
Improvements of Engineering
Properties
Improvement of engineering
properties of bituminous rubber
composites are following:
1. The Penetration of
bituminous rubber decrease
when added SBS rubber
increases. By adding 4% of
rubber
concentration measured by
weight of bitumen, the
penetration decrease from
80/100 to 60/70.

2. The softening point of

bituminous rubber increase
when the percentage of SBS
rubber increases. This enables
bitumen to resist deformations
at high temperature conditions.

3. The flash and fire points of

bituminous rubber are tested to
ensure the safe use of the
material. From
the experiment although flash
and fire points increase with
increase amounts of SBS rubber,
they still higher than the critical
temperature inside the pug mill.

4. The ductility of the

bituminous rubber increase
rapidly with added SBS rubber
until the percentage reaches 4 %
when the value remains almost
constant.

5. The specific gravity of rubber

bitumen increase when the
percentage of added rubber
increases.

Flat roofs have now become

accepted as a reliable and
lasting roof construction solution for commercial and
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residential buildings. This has been achieved because high quality roofing
materials, such as SBS polymer
modified roofing felts, have long
been used and applied in a
professional fashion.

Economical Point of view:

Price of Bitumen: 33,000/tonne
Price of Styrene – Butadiene –
Styrene Thermoplastic: 1,50,000
– 2,30,000/ tonne

So, SBS price also high compare

to bitumen and also production
rate is low in India, it’s not easily
available
in market.

In Penetration value we get

approx 10 % reduction,
softening point value increase
approx 17%, Fire point
increase approx 11 %, Flash
point increase approx 6%,
ductility value also increase
approx 27%, They all value
considered as basis on without
adding SBS in bitumen(0% SBS)
value.

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VIII. REFERENCE
1.

http://www.kraton.com/Applications/Bitumen_Modification/Blending_with_Bitumen/Interaction/
2. http://docserver.nrca.net/pdfs/technical/463.pdf
3. Presentation on “Polymer Modified Bitumen” by Dr. Surendra P. Bhatnagar Tech-
Dry (India). Pvt. Ltd.
4. http://www.kraton.com/Applications/Bitumen_Modification/Roofing/
5. BitVal – Analysis of Available Data for Validation of Bitumen Tests, Bitumen Test
Relationship p-167
6. S.K. Khanna, C.E.G. Justo,”Highway material testing”, Nem Chand & Bros,
Roorkee, India
We at engineeringcivil.com are thankful to Er. Chinkal Patel for submitting the research
paper on “Bitumen Modified With Styrene Butadiene Styrene thermoplastic For Roofing
Application” to us. We are sure this would be of great help to all engineers who are
looking to explore this topic in further research.

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