JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA

SADHI , VADODARA

Physics Investigatory Project 2019-20

Name: Krunal Vasava

Class: XII
Roll no: 25
Guided by:
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Krunal Vasava of class XII has

successfully completed the project on PHYSICS
for class XII practical examination of the central board of
secondary education in year 2019-20.

Sign. of Principal :

Sign. of subject teacher :

Sign. of Examiner :
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of

gratitude to my physics teacher “ ” for their able to
guidance and support in completing my project.
I would like to extend my gratitude to the principal
“S.K.DAMOR” for providing me all the facility that
was required.
 INDEX

1.CERTIFICATE
2.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3.AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
4.APPARATUS REQUIRED
5.THEORY
6.PROCEDURE
7.OBSERVATIONS
8.CONCLUSIONS
9.PRECAUTIONS
10.BIBLIOGRAPHY
Aim of the experiment

To find out the refractive indices of different liquids using a

hollow prism

Apparatus Required

 Hollow glass prism

 Various liquids like water, carbon disulphide, benzaldehyde
etc.
 Bell pins
 Drawing board
Theory

A prism is a transparent
optical element with flat,
polished surfaces that refract
light. Prisms can be
made from any material that is
transparent including glass,
plastic and fluorite. A prism
can be used to break light up
into its constituent spectral colors. Prisms can also be used to
reflect light, or to split light into components with different
polarizations.

The refractive index of the liquid

Is given by the formula:
U=sin i/sin r=sin((a+d)/2)/sin(a/2)
Where,
U=refractive index of the liquid.
a= the angle of minimum deviation
d=angle of prism
i=angle of incidence
r=angle of refraction
Procedure

 Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with help

of drawing pins.

 Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.

 Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.

 Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the normal

PQ and place 2 pins so that they appear to be in the straight
line.

 Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid ,on the
marked outline ABC.

 Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so that all
the 4 pins appear to be in same line.

 Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points so
obtained.

 Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.

 Repeat this with different liquids and different angle of

incidence.
Observation

 Benzaldehyde
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)

1 60 30 45
2 60 35 42
3 60 37.5 40
4 60 39 42
5 60 40 45

U=sin((60+40)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.504

 Water
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)

1 60 30 25
2 60 35 22
3 60 40 20
4 60 45 22
5 60 50 25
6 60 55 28

U=sin((60+22)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.306
 Dil. Sulphuric Acid
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)

1 60 20 33
2 60 30 30
3 60 35 25
4 60 40 29
5 60 45 30

U=sin((60+25)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.351
Conclusion
Refractive indices at room temperature:

 Benzaldehyde
o Actual: 1.546
o Experimental: 1.504
o
 Water
o Actual: 1.33
o Experimental: 1.306
o
 Dil . Sulphuric acid
o Actual: 1.355
o Experimental: 1.351
Precautions

 Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.

 Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same line.

 Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.

 Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.

 Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent and

incident ray.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

o www.google.in
o www.cbse.nic.in
o www.icbse.com