CHAPTER-V

EPILOGUE, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, DISCUSSION,

IMPLICATIONS, LIMITATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

EPILOGUE:
The present chapter is devoted to the summary of the findings, limitations,
interpretation of the results and recommendations that incorporate the implications of
the study.
The present study was pre experimental in nature and was conducted among
pregnant mothers attending to antenatal OPD’s in selected maternity hospitals in
hyderabad for antenatal checkups. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge
among pregnant mothers regarding stem cell banking before and after structured
teaching programme.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

 To assess the knowledge of the pregnant mothers before and after

structured teaching programme regarding stem cell banking.

 To compare mean difference between pre test and post test knowledge
among pregnant mothers regarding stem cell banking

 To find the significant association between knowledge of the pregnant

mothers regarding stem cell banking with their selected demographic
variables.

The back ground variables of the study were age, religion, educational status,
monthly income, occupation, source of information regarding stem cell banking.
Conceptual frame work was selected to serve as guide and also to support the study.
The conceptual model attempts to represent reality with its minimal use of words. The
conceptual framework was developed on the basis of Imogent King’s goal attainment
theory.

A review of related literature has helped the investigator in all the chores of study that
to get an insight into the present problem, to gain in depth knowledge of the content,
to develop the conceptual frame work for the study, development of the tool and plan
for data analysis. The research approach adopted for the present study was pre
experimental approach and research design selected was one group pre-test and
post-test design.

The present study was conducted at selected maternity hospitals, Hyderabad. The
population of the present study consisted of pregnant mothers aged between 20-35
years who were attending OPD for antenatal check ups at selected maternity hospitals
and who were willing to participate in the study and available at the time of data
collection. Non probability convenient sampling method was used to select the
sample. Total fifty (50) subjects were selected for this study. A structured knowledge
questionnaire was prepared by the investigator to assess the knowledge of pregnant
mothers regarding stem cell banking. The structured knowledge questionnaire
included two parts, part-A and part-B. Part-A consisted of demographic variables such
as age, religion, educational status, monthly income, occupation & source of
information.
Part -B consisted of thirty (30) items that were categorized in to three sections based
on stem cell banking. Section - I consisted of (10) items on knowledge regarding
general information of stem cells. Section – II consisted of (13) items on knowledge
about cord blood stem cells and cord tissue stem cells. Section – III consisted of (7)
items on knowledge regarding advantages of cord blood and cord tissue stem cells.

The tool was given for content validity to experts in the field of obstetrics and
gynecology and nursing. The reliability of the tool was checked by split half method
(coefficient of correlation by Karl Pearson’s formula). The results indicated that the tool
was valid and reliable. Pilot study was conducted between 07-05-2013 to 13-05-2013
on a sample of ten for a period of one week and the results revealed the feasibility of
the study and appropriateness of the tool. The main study was conducted from
25-05-2013 to 31-05-2013. The data were collected from pregnant mothers and
organized, tabulated and analyzed with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics
and the findings were interpreted.

MAJOR FINDINGS:

The Majority of pregnant mothers i.e 68% belonged to the age group between 20-
25 years.

The majority of pregnant mothers i.e, 64% were Hindus, 16% were Muslims, 10% are
Christians and only 10% belong to other religion. 58% of the sample have had studied
degree, 34% completed intermediate, and only 8% pregnant mothers studied their
higher secondary school.
The majority of pregnant mothers (64%) are house wives. The majority of pregnant
mothers, 28(56%) of the sample’s monthly income was 10,001-15,000, 8(16%) of the
samples income per month was less than 10,000 rupees, 7(14%) of the sample’s
income per month was 15,0001-20,000 and only 7(14%) of samples monthly income
was above 20,001 rupees.

Out of total sample, (48%) of pregnant mothers have no knowledge, 5(10%) of

pregnant mothers obtained information through family members, 10(20%) of pregnant
mothers obtained information from media, 6(12%) pregnant mothers obtained
information through health personnel and 5(10%) of pregnant mothers obtained
information from friends/ peer group.
The overall pretest mean% was 48.400% and mean knowledge was 14.520.

The overall posttest mean% was 80.733% and mean knowledge was 24.220.

The pre-test mean score was 48.400% whereas the total post-test mean score
was 80.733% and the mean difference was 9.7. The obtained ‘t’ value 18.739 (p<0.01)
was highly significant. Hence it was inferred that the pregnant mothers improved their
knowledge regarding stem cell banking after the intervention. The significant
difference between pre and post level of knowledge on stem cell banking among
pregnant mothers was accepted. Hence the structured teaching programme on stem
cell banking was adequate in increasing the knowledge level of pregnant mothers.

The chi-square values were obtained when association of post-test knowledge with
selected back ground variables of the pregnant mothers was tested. It showed that
there was no significant association between post-test knowledge regarding stem cell
banking among pregnant mothers and selected background variables such as age,
religion, educational status, monthly income, occupation, source of information
regarding stem cell banking.

DISCUSSION:

The richest sources of stem cells are umbilical cord blood and cord tissue. Hence,
pregnant mothers need to know the importance and preservation of cord blood and
cord tissue to be saved for the future use. A sizable sub set of the population need
adequate attention for their education. Health personals play a vital role in educating
the pregnant mothers.

The present study was taken up in a effort to assess the knowledge of pregnant
mothers through pre test. Structured teaching programme was carried out on stem cell
banking. And after 6 days post test was conducted. The mean difference in knowledge
of pre & post structure programme was highly significant.
CONCLUSIONS:

The following conclusions are made based on the findings of the study
 The overall posttest knowledge scores mean knowledge is 24.220±2.150. Total
mean percentage of pregnant mothers was 80.733
 The research hypothesis which stated that there will be significant difference
between pre and post level of knowledge on stem cell banking among pregnant
mothers was accepted.
 There was significant increase in the knowledge of pregnant mothers after the
administration of structured teaching programme.

 None the background variables were influencing the increased knowledge

resulting from the structured teaching programme among pregnant mothers.

It is concluded that structured teaching programme increases pregnant mothers

knowledge regarding stem cell banking.

IMPLICATIONS
The results of the study conclude that structured teaching programme regarding stem
cell banking had a significant effect in improving the knowledge among pregnant
mothers. The findings of the present study have several implications which are of vital
concern for nursing practice, nursing education, nursing administration, and nursing
research.

Nursing practice:
Health education is an important aspect of nursing practice for effective health
education the nurse should gain an understanding of pregnant mother’s knowledge
about stem cell banking. Thus the education role of the nurse could be implemented in
the nursing practice and Structured teaching programme helps in improving the
knowledge of Pregnant mothers regarding stem cell banking. Nurses can play
important role by educating the mothers regarding cord blood stem cell, its uses,
preservation and banking.
Nursing Education:

The curriculum is responsible for preparing the future nurse with more emphasis on
preventive and promotive health practices the result of the study emphasizes the need
for correlating the concepts in order to understand and advice on stem cell banking.
Education is the key process in improving the knowledge of nurses. Nurses need to
upgrade their knowledge and practice based on the research findings.

The nurses and nursing students in order to enhance their knowledge and practice
can use the teaching protocol as ready reference. Learning opportunities should be
provided to the nursing students understand stem cell banking and should be added
in the nursing curriculum. Teaching material can be designed to disseminate
information regarding stem cell banking.

Nursing administration:

Nurse administrator who is the member in the planning committee must provide
suggestions to facilitate interdepartmental, intradepartmental and extra departmental
communication for the development of design and layout maternity units. The nurse
administrator should take interest in disseminating the information through
instructional material such as pamphlets, posters, modules, and different teaching aids
that impact health information to the mothers.

Nurse administrators need to encourage and plan continue nursing education (CNE)
programme regarding various aspects related to stem cell banking. So that staff
nurses take part in such programmes and will be able to provide beneficial education
to pregnant mothers.

Nursing Research:
The survey provides base line data for conducting other research studies. Research
should be done on stem cell banking. The researcher may have to take up a role in
preparing the pregnant mothers regarding stem cell banking which includes designing
the steps through scientific sessions on cord blood stem cell banking including critical
reasoning. Research will provide nurses the credibility to influence decision making
and policies to meet the needs of pregnant mothers regarding stem cell banking.
Based on the findings, the professionals and student nurses can conduct further
studies to improve the knowledge regarding stem cell banking. The study will motivate
the beginning researchers to conduct similar study in large scale based on
comparative basis.

LIMITATIONS:
The study has the following limitations:

 The sample of the study limited to pregnant mothers between the age group of

20- 35 years.

 The Sample size was limited to 50.

 The study is limited to pregnant mothers attending to OPD’s for antenatal check

ups in selected maternity hospitals, Hyderabad.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

1. The current study can be replicated on a large sample to generalize the

findings to a larger population.

2. Fathers role – involvement

3. Attitude of parents regarding stem cell banking/ therapy.

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