ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

[CHM421]

NAME: NAJWA BT AHMAD ABD RAOF (2018654492)

TITLE: CALIBRATION OF A VOLUMETRIC FLASK (EXPERIMENT 1)

LECTURER’S NAME: DR. KHAIRIL ANUAR B JANTAN

DATE OF THE EXPERIMENT: 11 SEPTEMBER 2019 (WEDNESDAY)

DUE DATE: 18 SEPTEMBER 2019 (WEDNESDAY)

ABSTRACT:

Quantitative analysis is a very precise science and can only be completed successfully with
exact measurements and data. Glassware used in quantitative experiments is of the highest
grade, but it is not perfect. Therefore, every piece of volumetric glassware must be calibrated
in order to allow the slight variations present in every piece of glassware. In this experiment,
we want to investigate the measurement of the actual volume contents of the volumetric
flask. We used 100mL volumetric flask. At the beginning of the experiment, the volumetric
glass must be clean and dry before using it. Handled the volumetric glass with care and all
precautions has be taken during the experiment. This is mainly to avoid mistakes such as
parallax errors when take the meniscus of water. The empty volumetric flask was weighed
and a label is pasted at the center of the mark. This will represent the correct calibration of
the flask. After filling the flask with water until reach the mark, the flask was weighed again.
It is important to convert the mass to volume. The density of water at room temperature helps
in this process. A new mark was made 5mm above the present mark as the volume is less
than 100mL (standard volume). Then, the volumetric flask is weighed again after adding
water to the new mark and the new volume using ratio of volume and distance was
calculated. The new mark of the volumetric flask obtained in this laboratory experiment is
0.0407 mm.

OBJECTIVES:

1. To calibrate a Used Volumetric Flask.

2. To determine the New Calibration Mark of the Volumetric Flask.

INTRODUCTION:

For a 100mL Volumetric Flask reading error is ± 0.1 mL. The motive of this experiment is to
investigate the accuracy of volumetric flask and the volume of liquids. The volumetric flask
is calculated by measure the mass of the water of known density and temperature that
contain.

After that, the calibration involves calculation. The first step is the weighing data are
corrected for buoyancy. Next, the data is converted to the volume at the temperature of
calibration by dividing the density of the liquid at that temperature. Lastly, the volume is
corrected to the standard temperature of 20◦C.

The factor at the appropriate temperature will be choosing and multiply it with the mass of
water at the temperature to convert it to the corresponding volume at that temperature or the
volume at 20◦C.
METHOD:

Firstly, 200mL distilled water has been equilibrated. Next, into a clean and dry beaker, the
distilled water was placed and stand at room temperature for 15 minutes.

100mL volumetric flask was clean and dried. Onto the 100mL mark of the flask, 2cm sticker
was pasted. The volumetric flask’s weigh were determined.

After that, the temperature of the room and the equilibrated water was measured after 15
minutes. The next step proceeded as the two at the same temperature.

The equilibrated distilled water was filled in the flask up to the calibrated mark. The flask
was weighed accurately. Based on the data provided in the table, the weight of water in the
flask converted into volume.

A new mark on the sticker was made 5mm when the volume is less than the standard volume
i.e. 100mL. Conversely, when the volume is more than the standard volume, the new mark
will be made on the sticker 5mm below the present mark on the volumetric flask.

To the new mark, the water is added (or reduces). The volumetric flask is weighed and the
new volume is calculated. The exact distance for the new mark was determined by using the
ratio of the volume and the distance so the volume of the volumetric flask is accurate.
 DATA/RESULTS:

Temperature, °C Volume 1.00g water, mL Temperature, °C Volume 1.00g water, mL

20 1.0028 27 1.0043

21 1.0030 28 1.0046

22 1.0032 29 1.0048

23 1.0034 30 1.0051

24 1.0036 31 1.0051

25 1.0038 32 1.0067

26 1.0041 33 1.0060

Table 1: The Volume for 1.00g of water at various Temperatures

Temperature of the room = 30 °C

Temperature of the equilibrated water = 30 °C

Weight of dry 100mL volumetric flask, (W1) = 50.0024 g

Weight of dry 100mL volumetric flask + H2O, (W2)

(At current 100mL) = 149.0720 g

Weight of dry 100mL volumetric flask + H2O,

(At 5mm mark) = 150.1261g

CALCULATIONS/ANALYSIS:

1. Calculate mass of water at current 100mL, (W3=W2–W1);

= (Weight of volumetric flask + H2O) – (Weight of dry 100mL volumetric flask)

= 149.0720 g – 50.0024 g
= 99.0696 g

2. Find the volume of the water;

V1 = W3 X density of water

(Volume 1.00g water)

= (Mass of water) x 1g

1.0051 mL
= 99.0696 g x 1g

= 99.5749 mL

3. Calculate the mass of water at 5mm mark, (W5);

= (Weight of volumetric flask + h2O) – (Weight of dry 100mL volumetric flask)

= 150.1261g – 50.0024 g

= 100.1237 g

4. Find the volume of the water at 5mm mark;

1 mL
= 100.1237g x 1.0051 g

= 99.6156 mL
5. Calculate the new mark of volumetric flask;

= (volume different in volumetric flask)

= 99.6156 mL– 99.5749 mL

= 0.0407 mm

> Hence, the new mark of the volumetric flask is 0.0407 mm

DISCUSION:

In the experiment, the temperature of the room and the temperature of the equilibrated
water is 30◦C. The weight of dry 100mL volumetric flak is 50.0024 g. For the weight of the
volumetric flask with water is 149.0720 g and weight of the volumetric flask with water at
5mm is 150.1261 g.

Based on the temperature of the room which is 30◦C, the volume 1.00g of water in the data
given is 1.0051mL. The mass of water at current 100mL is 99.0696 g. The volume of the
mass of water is 99.5749 mL which is almost accurate to 100mL. There is only a little error
which is 0.5053mL.

To find how much mm is needed to get the accurate 100mL, the water is added into
the volumetric flask up until 5mm up to the calibrated mark since the volume is less than
100mL. After the water is added, the weight of volumetric flask and water at 5mm mark is
150.1261g.

The new mark of the volumetric flask is calculated based on volume different in the
volumetric flask and volume of water at 5mm mark. The calculation gives the data 0.0407
mm. The theoretical mm is less than 2 mm since the accuracy error is less than 0.5000 mL.

The error in this experiment are we do not clean and dry the volumetric flask properly
before weight it. Next, we poured the water exactly up to 5mm mark when we only need to
pour less than 2mm and there might be a mistake when we weight the volumetric flask. The
place of the analytical balance should be clean and no error.
CONCLUSION:

The new mark we obtained from this experiment is 0.0407 mm which is less than what we
expected to gain.

REFERENCES:

https://sites.chem.colostate.edu/diverdi/C334/experiments/02_calibration_of_glassware.pdf

https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Lab-report-calibration-of-volumetric-flask-PKJE4S43VJ

Harris, D.C., "Quantitative Chemical Analysis" (2007) 7th edition, Freeman & Co., NY.
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