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1) The document discusses Herodotus, who is considered the father of history. It notes that he traveled throughout Greece, Italy, and Egypt and settled in Thurii in southern Italy in 443 BC where he worked on his great work "History".
2) History is defined as man's recorded past including important events recorded in a typically chronological manner about human beliefs, desires, practices, and institutions. It can involve collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing sources to interpret and recreate facts.
3) There are challenges to studying and writing history including scarcity of records, problems with translation, biases, and lack of historians. Historical writing has evolved from early chronicles to more interpretative works over time.
1) The document discusses Herodotus, who is considered the father of history. It notes that he traveled throughout Greece, Italy, and Egypt and settled in Thurii in southern Italy in 443 BC where he worked on his great work "History".
2) History is defined as man's recorded past including important events recorded in a typically chronological manner about human beliefs, desires, practices, and institutions. It can involve collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing sources to interpret and recreate facts.
3) There are challenges to studying and writing history including scarcity of records, problems with translation, biases, and lack of historians. Historical writing has evolved from early chronicles to more interpretative works over time.
1) The document discusses Herodotus, who is considered the father of history. It notes that he traveled throughout Greece, Italy, and Egypt and settled in Thurii in southern Italy in 443 BC where he worked on his great work "History".
2) History is defined as man's recorded past including important events recorded in a typically chronological manner about human beliefs, desires, practices, and institutions. It can involve collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing sources to interpret and recreate facts.
3) There are challenges to studying and writing history including scarcity of records, problems with translation, biases, and lack of historians. Historical writing has evolved from early chronicles to more interpretative works over time.
Greece, Italy, Egypt The future is an abstraction, the ◆ 443 BC: settled in Thurii in “present” but a fleeting moment. Southern Italy ● The future is uncertain; thus, ➔ “Historia” cannot be predicted. ◆ “Inquiry” ● An idea is possible because of the ➔ Completed his great work “History” present. ➔ “Inquire” - to ask
It is impossible to escape history, it Definitions -- HISTORY would be catastrophic to try. ● Country who doesn’t remember ● Man’s recorded past the past - bound to repeat the ● Record of important events same mistake. ○ most of time chronological ● Those who don’t learn from and time-based history is doomed to repeat it. ● Study of human beings ○ Beliefs and desires A country without memory is a country of ○ Practices madmen. ○ Institutions ● Who we are and what we are are - ○ “The story of us” offshores of the past. ● Forgetting the past is like losing ★ History is like a puzzle our identity. ○ We solve it to see the bigger picture Understanding Content, Context, & ○ We reconstruct the past to Perspective see the whole picture ● Context ○ Based on real events ○ the situation ○ ○ Unravel the environment ★ History is a process. ○ Historical background ○ It follows a series of steps. ○ Presentation ○ It involves collection, ● Perspective analysis and synthesis of ○ Point of view sources. ○ Personal insights ○ It interprets and recreates ● Content facts in an orderly manner. ○ “Nilalaman” ○ It follows trends or patterns. ➔ Historical context ○ It can be a systematic ◆ Time and place it study of written and (something) was written unwritten records (of the ◆ Historical events past).
➔ History Scrutinized ◆ A dissection ❏ Sources of History ◆ “Opening” ❏ Written records ◆ “Examining” ❏ Oral traditions ➔ Etymology ❏ Relics ◆ “Origin” ❏ Objects preserved ➔ Herodotus from the past ◆ Greek historian ◆ Father of History ★ Oral History ◆ Born in Halicarnas ○ Passing knowledge and ◆ Went directly to Samos culture through words of (Greece) mouth Readings in PH notes for 1st shifting CC071699
○ In form of stones, legends, ❏ Relativist
songs and folktales, etc. ❏ No absolute truth ○ Provide clear description ❏ Seeing things of the past differently ❏ Involves different ★ Significance of History perspectives ○ This helps us understand the present. ★ Difficulty in Studying and Writing ○ It helps answer existing History problems. ○ Scarcity of written records ■ Knowing the truth ■ Especially in local ○ It helps us appreciate context culture. ○ Problems in translation ○ Solutions in the past can ■ From spanish to be used to solved (similar) local language present problems. ○ Biases and prejudices ○ Knowing the truth by going ■ When foreign writers back and learning about wrote them the past. ○ Lack of representative ○ It increases one’s ○ Lack of historians knowledge about culture. ★ SIMPLIFICATION ❏ Major Views of History ○ Problems in writing History ❏ Cyclical is associated wit: ❏ History is a cycle. ■ THE WRITTEN ❏ History repeats ■ THE WRITER itself. ❏ Providential ★ Historical Writing ❏ Associated with ○ Started in chronicles or religion and God. accounts ❏ It is like a straight ■ In the 16th century line. ○ Records of observations ❏ There is a beginning and travels in the and an end. Philippines ❏ The beginning is ○ Early Spanish when God created. ■ They wrote about ❏ God is in control of what they observe our journey. about the ❏ Progressive and linear Philippines and the ❏ History is like a Filipinos straight line. ○ 19th Century ❏ Similar to ■ Reform movement providential but happened God is not the one ■ Heroes wrote responsible. something against it ❏ The people living ○ American period are the ones ■ Based on factual responsible. information ❏ Marxist and Leftist - ■ Chronological Socialist events ❏ Uprising ○ Post war period ❏ Clashes ■ Wrote ❏ The poor and the interpretations rich Readings in PH notes for 1st shifting CC071699
■ Mostly in Filipino interviews, original
perspective research, data ● Historical ★ History is ART. newspapers ○ Style of writing depicts art ◆ USES: in history. ● Focal point of ○ History is an art and discussion SCIENCE. ● Used to back up claims or criticisms ★ Historical Methodology ● Evidence for 1. Topic theories and 2. Sources research 3. Examine sources ● Historical perspectives ➔ Secondary ● Extraction of data ◆ Written by scholars, ○ From reliable and observers, after the fact, credible sources and interpret or analyze ● Writing process of history primary sources or events ○ Must be ◆ Are at least one step well-organized removed from what they ○ Must be elegantly are describing written ◆ Examples: ● Interpretation of events ● Textbooks, ○ Must be encyclopedias, well-organized essays and reviews ○ Shows coherence ● Magazine or journal ○ Elegant articles which analyze events or PRIMARY VS SECONDARY SOURCES ideas ● Books which provide ➔ Primary a summary of events ◆ first -hand accounts of an or synthesize event and are created information from during the time that event primary sources took place ◆ USES: ◆ Can also be created ● Get background retrospectively at a later info and understand date by a participant in the scope of a topic those events ● See what others ◆ Original documents and have discussed or usually don’t describe or get opinions analyze other documents ● Learn how recent ◆ Can also be creative works events affect or fit ◆ Examples: into the larger ● Speeches, laws, picture court documents ● Understand the ● Diaries, memoirs, significance of autobiographies, events, data or letters works of literature ● Works of art, novels, and art play ● Documented observations,