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ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-2, 05/08/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Machine Tool Classification
• According to Degree of Specialization
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ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-2, 05/08/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Working and Auxiliary Motions in
Machine tools
Working Motion:
Motions which are essential to impart the required shape to
the workpiece.
Drive motion or Primary cutting motion
Feed motion
Auxiliary Motion:
Motions that do not participate in the process of formation of
the required surface but are necessary to make the working
motion fulfill their assigned function
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ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-2, 05/08/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Working and Auxiliary Motions in
Machine tools
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ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-2, 05/08/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Parameters defining Working
Motions of a Machine Tool
Cutting Speed:
Distance travelled by the work surface in a unit time with reference
to the cutting edge of the tool. It is usually expressed in m/min.
Feed:
Distance advanced by the tool for each revolution of the
workpiece. expressed in mm/rev.
Depth of Cut:
Perpendicular distance between the machined surface and the
unmachined surface or the previously machined surface. (mm)
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ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-2, 05/08/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Working Motions for Lathe
Feed:
D1 D2
f
Feed
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ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-2, 05/08/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Working Motions for Lathe
Depth of Cut:
D1 D2
d Depth
of Cut
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BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Working Motions for Reciprocating
Primary Cutting Motion
Cutting Speed:
υ= ( L / 1000 Tc) m/min
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-2, 05/08/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Calculation of Machining Time
(Operations on Lathe)
Turning operation on workpiece clamped in chuck
l= length of workpiece
Δ3 = t cot ɸ,
t= depth of cut
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-2, 05/08/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Calculation of Machining Time
(Operations on Lathe)
Facing Operation
D= Diameter of workpiece
Δ3 = t cot ɸ,
t= depth of cut
l= length of bore
Δ3 = t cot ɸ,
t= depth of cut
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-2, 05/08/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Calculation of Machining Time
(Operations on Lathe)
Boring operation in full length of workpiece
l= length of bore
Δ3 = t cot ɸ,
t= depth of cut
Depth
of cut
C ut
A'
E A
Fe
ed
B' D
B p i e c e
W o rk
C
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ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-3, 07/08/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Shaper
Clapper box
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-3, 07/08/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Cutting speed
C u ttin g S tro k e
R etu rn S tro k e
W o rk piece n L (1 k )
v m/min
c Lj c C learan ce 1000k
L en g th o f stro k e L
Depth of cut
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-3, 07/08/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Machining time
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-3, 07/08/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Calculation of Machining Time
Shaper
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-3, 07/08/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Calculation of Machining Time
Shaper
B= Width of workpiece
B3 = t cot ɸ,
t= depth of cut
ɸ = Side cutting edge angle
s= feed per stroke, n = strokes / min
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-3, 07/08/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Working motions for Milling and Drilling
feed
f m fN f z zN
Feed/cutter revolution (f)
f = fz z mm/rev
Feed/tooth (fz)
Feed/minute (fm)
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-4, 14/08/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Calculation of Machining Time
(Operations on Milling Machine)
Horizontal milling machine: Plain milling operation
l= length of workpiece
BC OC 2 OB 2
R 2 OB 2
R 2 (R t)2
R 2 ( R 2 t 2 2 Rt )
2 Rt t 2 t(D t)
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-4, 14/08/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Calculation of Machining Time
(Operations on Milling Machine)
Vertical milling machine: Symmetrical Face milling operation
l= length of workpiece
AB OA OB
R OC 2 BC 2
2
B
R R
2
2
0.5 D D 2 B 2
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-4, 14/08/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Calculation of Machining Time
Drilling Machine
l= Height of workpiece
Δ3 = t cot ɸ,
t= d/2
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-5, 16/08/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Calculation of Machining Time
(Operations on Grinding Machine)
Cylinderical Grinding: Internal (workpiece rotating)
L= Length of workpiece
sl= Longitudnal feed of Reciprocatory
motion of workpiece = kB mm/rev
k=0.4-0.8 (for rough grinding)
= 0.25-0.45 (For finish grinding)
t=sr = radial feed/ doublestroke
= (0.0051-0.03)mm for rough grinding
= (0.002-0.1)mm for finish grinding
2 LhH
Grinding Time = K , min
s m kBt
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-5, 16/08/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Machine Tool Drives
• It is an aggregate of mechanisms that transmit motion from
an external source to the operative elements of machine tool.
• It should have provision for regulating the speed of travel of
operative elements.
• A machine tool drive consists of
i. An Electric Motor
ii. A Transmission Arrangement
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-7, 04/09/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Selection of Electrical Motor
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-7, 04/09/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Hydraulic Transmission and
its Elements
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-7, 04/09/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Hydraulic Transmission and
its Elements
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-7, 04/09/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Pumps
Gear Pump
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-7, 04/09/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Direction Control Valves
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-7, 04/09/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Pressure Valves
Throttle valve
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-7, 04/09/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Elementary transmission that
transfer rotation
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-7, 04/09/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Gear Transmission
• Toothed wheels, which transmit power and motion from one
shaft to another by means of successive engagement of teeth.
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-7, 04/09/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Gear Transmission
Gears are arranged between two shafts, which are
• Parallel
• Intersecting
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-7, 04/09/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Gear Transmission
GEARS
Crossed
Hypoid Worm
Double helical
Single
(Herringbone)
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-7, 04/09/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Gear Transmission
i. Used to transmit motion
between two parallel shafts
ii. Teeth parallel to the axis of
rotation
Spur Gear
iii. It has the largest applications
and easy to manufacture
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-7, 04/09/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Gear Transmission
• Also used for parallel shafts, like
spur gears
• Quiet in operation
Herringbone Gear
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-7, 04/09/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Gear Transmission
• Used for large speed reductions (more than 3) between two
perpendicular and non-intersecting shafts
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-7, 04/09/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Slider Crank Mechanism
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-7, 04/09/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Crank and Rocker Mechanism
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-7, 04/09/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Crank and Rocker Mechanism
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-7, 04/09/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Rack and Pinion Mechanism
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-7, 04/09/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Devices for Intermittent Motion
• Geneva Mechanism
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-7, 04/09/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Devices for Intermittent Motion
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-7, 04/09/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Devices for Intermittent Motion
Geneva Mechanism
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-7, 04/09/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Reversing Mechanism
ME G532, Machine Tool Engineering, Lecture-7, 04/09/19 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Thanks
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BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus