1.

The coordinates of the points P, Q, R and S are (4, 1, –1), (3, 3, 5), (1, 0, 2c), and (1, 1, 2),
respectively.

(a) Find the value of c so that the vectors QR and PR are orthogonal.
(7)

For the remainder of the question, use the value of c found in part (a) for the coordinate
of the point R.

(b) Evaluate PS × PR .
(4)

(c) Find an equation of the line l which passes through the point Q and is parallel to the
vector PR .
(3)

(d) Find an equation of the plane p which contains the line l and passes through the point S.
(4)

(e) Find the shortest distance between the point P and the plane p.
(4)
(Total 22 marks)

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2. Consider the points A(l, 2, 1), B(0, –1, 2), C(1, 0, 2), and D(2, –1, –6).

(a) Find the vectors AB and BC .

(2)

(b) Calculate AB × BC .
(3)

(c) Hence, or otherwise find the area of triangle ABC.

(2)

(d) Find the equation of the plane P containing the points A, B, and C.
(3)

(e) Find a set of parametric equations for the line through the point D and
perpendicular to the plane P.
(2)

(f) Find the distance from the point D to the plane P.

(3)

(g) Find a unit vector which is perpendicular to the plane P.

(2)

(h) The point E is a reflection of D in the plane P. Find the coordinates of E.

(4)
(Total 21 marks)

2
3. Three points A, B and C have coordinates (2, 1, –2), (2, –1, –1) and (1, 2, 2) respectively. The
vectors OA , OB and OC , where O is the origin, form three concurrent edges of a
parallelepiped OAPBCQSR as shown in the following diagram.

P S

A
Q

B
R

O C

(a) Find the coordinates of P, Q, R and S.

(4)

(b) Find an equation for the plane OAPB.

(2)

(c) Calculate the volume, V, of the parallelepiped given that

V = OA  OB  OC ê
(2)
(Total 8 marks)

3
4. The points A, B, C, D have the following coordinates

A : (1, 3, 1) B : (1, 2, 4) C : (2, 3, 6) D : (5, – 2, 1).

(a) (i) Evaluate the vector product AB × AC , giving your answer in terms of the unit
vectors i, j, k.

(ii) Find the area of the triangle ABC.

(6)

The plane containing the points A, B, C is denoted by Π and the line passing through D
perpendicular to Π is denoted by L. The point of intersection of L and Π is denoted by P.

(b) (i) Find the cartesian equation of Π.

(ii) Find the cartesian equation of L.

(5)

(c) Determine the coordinates of P.

(3)

(d) Find the perpendicular distance of D from Π.

(2)
(Total 16 marks)

5. (a) The point P(1, 2, 11) lies in the plane π1. The vector 3i – 4 j + k is perpendicular to π1.
Find the Cartesian equation of π1.
(2)

(b) The plane p2 has equation x + 3y – z = –4.

(i) Show that the point P also lies in the plane p2.

(ii) Find a vector equation of the line of intersection of p1 and p2.

(5)

(c) Find the acute angle between p1 and p2.

(5)
(Total 12 marks)

4
 x2 y z 9
 
6. A line l1 has equation 3 1 2 .

(a) Let M be a point on l1 with parameter μ. Express the coordinates of M in terms of μ.

(1)

(b) The line l2 is parallel to l1 and passes through P(4, 0, –3).

(i) Write down an equation for l2.

(ii) Express PM in terms of μ.

(4)

(c) The vector PM is perpendicular to l1.

(i) Find the value of μ.

(ii) Find the distance between l1 and l2.

(5)

(d) The plane π1 contains l1 and l2. Find an equation for π1, giving your answer in the form
Ax + By + Cz = D.
(4)

(e) The plane π2 has equation x – 5y – z = –11. Verify that l1 is the line of intersection of the
planes π1 and π2.
(2)
(Total 16 marks)

x2 y 2 z 3 x2 y3 z4

   
7. (a) Show that lines 1 3 1 and 1 4 2 intersect and find the
coordinates of P, the point of intersection.
(8)

(b) Find the Cartesian equation of the plane Õ that contains the two lines.
(6)

(c) The point q (3, 4, 3) lies on Õ. The line L passes through the midpoint of [PQ]. Point S is
PS  QS  3
on L such that , and the triangle PQS is normal to the plane Õ. Given that
there are two possible positions for S, find their coordinates.
(15)
(Total 29 marks)

5
  2   2  1 
     
 1    1     3
1  8    9
8. (a) The plane π1 has equation r =       .

 2   1  1
     
 0   s 2   t 1
 1   1  1
The plane π2 has the equation r =       .

(i) For points which lie in π1 and π2, show that,  = .

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find a vector equation of the line of intersection of π and π2.
(5)

2x  y
(b) The plane π3 contains the line 3  4 = z + 1 and is perpendicular to 3i – 2j + k.
Find the cartesian equation of p3.
(4)

(c) Find the intersection of π1, π2 and π3.

(3)
(Total 12 marks)

x 1 y 1 z  5
9. The plane p contains the line 2 = 3 = 6 and the point (1, −2, 3).

(a) Show that the equation of p is 6x + 2y – 3z = –7.

(7)

(b) Calculate the distance of the plane p from the origin.

(4)
(Total 11 marks)

6
10. Consider the vectors a = i − j + k, b = i + 2 j + 4k and c = 2i − 5 j − k.

(a) Given that c = ma + nb where m, nÎ , find the value of m and of n.

(5)

(b) Find a unit vector, u, normal to both a and b.

(5)

(c) The plane p1 contains the point A (1, –1, 1) and is normal to b. The plane intersects the x,
y and z axes at the points L, M and N respectively.

(i) Find a Cartesian equation of p1.

(ii) Write down the coordinates of L, M and N.

(5)

(d) The line through the origin, O, normal to π1 meets π1 at the point P.

(i) Find the coordinates of P.

(ii) Hence find the distance of π1 from the origin.

(7)

(e) The plane p2 has equation x + 2y + 4z = 4. Calculate the angle between p2 and a line
parallel to a.
(5)
(Total 27 marks)

7
11. The coordinates of the points P, Q, R and S are (4, 1, –1), (3, 3, 5), (1, 0, 2c), and (1, 1, 2),
respectively.

(a) Find the value of c so that the vectors QR and PR are orthogonal.
(7)

For the remainder of the question, use the value of c found in part (a) for the coordinate
of the point R.

(b) Evaluate PS × PR .
(4)

(c) Find an equation of the line l which passes through the point Q and is parallel to the
vector PR .
(3)

(d) Find an equation of the plane p which contains the line l and passes through the point S.
(4)

(e) Find the shortest distance between the point P and the plane p.
(4)
(Total 22 marks)

12. The triangle ABC has vertices at the points A(–l, 2, 3), B(–l, 3, 5) and C(0, –1, 1).

(a) Find the size of the angle q between the vectors AB and AC .
(4)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the area of triangle ABC.

(2)

Let l1 be the line parallel to AB which passes through D(2, –1, 0) and l2 be the line parallel to
AC which passes through E(–l, 1, 1).

(c) (i) Find the equations of the lines l1 and l2.

(ii) Hence show that l1 and l2 do not intersect.

(5)

8
 (d) Find the shortest distance between l1 and l2.
(5)
(Total 16 marks)

13. (a) Solve the following system of linear equations

x + 3y – 2z = –6
2x + y + 3z = 7
3x – y + z = 6.
(3)

(b) Find the vector v = (i + 3j – 2k) × (2i + j + 3k).

(3)

(c) If a = i + 3j – 2k, b = 2i + j + 3k and u = ma + nb where m, n are scalars, and u ¹ 0, show

that v is perpendicular to u for all m and n.
(3)

(d) The line l lies in the plane 3x – y + z = 6, passes through the point (1, –1, 2) and is
perpendicular to v. Find the equation of l.
(4)
(Total 13 marks)

9
14. The points A, B, C, D have the following coordinates

A : (1, 3, 1) B : (1, 2, 4) C : (2, 3, 6) D : (5, – 2, 1).

(a) (i) Evaluate the vector product AB × AC , giving your answer in terms of the unit
vectors i, j, k.

(ii) Find the area of the triangle ABC.

(6)

The plane containing the points A, B, C is denoted by Π and the line passing through D
perpendicular to Π is denoted by L. The point of intersection of L and Π is denoted by P.

(b) (i) Find the cartesian equation of Π.

(ii) Find the cartesian equation of L.

(5)

(c) Determine the coordinates of P.

(3)

(d) Find the perpendicular distance of D from Π.

(2)
(Total 16 marks)

15. Consider the points A (1, 3, –17) and B (6, – 7, 8) which lie on the line l.

(a) Find an equation of line l, giving the answer in parametric form.

(4)

(b) The point P is on l such that OP is perpendicular to l.

Find the coordinates of P.
(3)
(Total 7 marks)

10
16. The point A (2, 5, –1) is on the line L, which is perpendicular to the plane with equation
x + y + z – 1 = 0.

(a) Find the Cartesian equation of the line L.

(2)

(b) Find the point of intersection of the line L and the plane.
(4)

(c) The point A is reflected in the plane. Find the coordinates of the image of A.
(2)

(d) Calculate the distance from the point B(2, 0, 6) to the line L.
(4)
(Total 12 marks)

x2 y z 9
 
17. A line l1 has equation 3 1 2 .

(a) Let M be a point on l1 with parameter μ. Express the coordinates of M in terms of μ.

(1)

(b) The line l2 is parallel to l1 and passes through P(4, 0, –3).

(i) Write down an equation for l2.

(ii) Express PM in terms of μ.

(4)

(c) The vector PM is perpendicular to l1.

(i) Find the value of μ.

(ii) Find the distance between l1 and l2.

(5)

(d) The plane π1 contains l1 and l2. Find an equation for π1, giving your answer in the form
Ax + By + Cz = D.
(4)

(e) The plane π2 has equation x – 5y – z = –11. Verify that l1 is the line of intersection of the
planes π1 and π2.
(2)
(Total 16 marks)

11