The Allocation of Profit of Selected Philippine Christian University - Dasmariñas Shuttle Drivers On Their Weekdays Services S.Y. 2018-2019

Philippine Christian University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Dasmariñas Campus
THE ALLOCATION OF PROFIT OF SELECTED PHILIPPINE CHRISTIAN

UNIVERSITY- DASMARIÑAS SHUTTLE DRIVERS ON THEIR
WEEKDAYS SERVICES S.Y. 2018-2019
An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to
The Faculty of the Senior High School Department
City of Dasmariñas, Cavite
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements in Research Project
Submitted by:
Brobo, Lyca Jane S.
Cifra, Joshua Ace D.
Gubalane, Ronaline C.
Lansang, Katrina Andrea C.
Lising, Julia Rebecca G.
Lomatao, Ralph B.
Lopez, Jennifer M.
Martin, Krisha B.
Padua, Cindy P.
Submitted to:
Reyes, Maurene Regine A.
June 2019
Dasmariñas Campus
APPROVAL SHEET
This study entitled “The Allocation of Profit Of Selected Philippine Christian

University- Dasmariñas Shuttle Drivers On Their Weekdays Services S.Y. 2018-2019
has been prepared by Lyca Jane S. Brobo, Joshua Ace D. Cifra, Ronaline C. Gubalane,
Katrina Andrea D. Lansang, Julia Rebecca G. Lising, Ralph B. Lomatao, Jennifer M.
Lopez, Krisha B. Martin, and Cindy P. Padua in partial fulfillment of the course
requirement in Research Project and will be presented for an Final Oral Defense.
MAURENE REGINE A. REYES
Research Teacher
Approved by the Committee on Final Oral Defense with a grade of _______
THESIS REVIEW PANEL
MAURENE REGINE A. REYES

Teacher, Research Project
Member
MR. JUSTINE MAR F. MINA

Subject Coordinator, Research Department
Member
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the course requirement in the subject,

Research Project
DR. MARIO S. MECATE

Principal, SHS
ii
Dasmariñas Campus
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Immeasurable appreciation and deepest gratitude for the help and support are
extended to the following persons who in one way or another have contributed in
making this study possible.
Mr. Justine Mar Mina, research coordinator, for his suggestions, provisions,
valuable comments and for the approval to conduct this study.
Ms. Maurene Regine Reyes, research teacher, for the continuous support to
our study and research, for her patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense
knowledge. Her guidance helps us all the time of research and writing of this thesis. We
could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor for our research study.
Ms. Laurence Estrella, research teacher at Emillio Aguinaldo College- Cavite

Campus, who is the key person in the realization of this study. The researchers truly
salute to her knowledge and expertise in this field. Thank you for her time, suggestion
and encouragement. Allowing us to get the necessary information we need to make this
research possible.
Ma’am Ahvigaile Alfonso, Sir Ahjong Susana, and Sir Ronald Barredo, our
panellists, who really help us to improve our research and get the necessary information
we need to make our study more reliable and beneficial.
Mr. and Mrs. Victor Lopez Jr., parents of Jennifer Lopez, for letting their
home open for us everytime we need a place to stay overnight.
iii
Dasmariñas Campus
To the researcher’s loving parents, for their moral encouragement, financial

assistance as well as their spiritual support in every path the researcherstake.
Lastly, to Jesus Christ, our Lord and Savior, for giving the wisdom, strength,
support and knowledge in exploring things, for the guidance in helping surpass all the
trials that we encountered and for giving determination to pursue our study, and to
make this study possible.
iv
Dasmariñas Campus
ABSTRACT
The researchers aimed to determine and identify the Allocation of Profit of

Selected Philippine Christian University - Dasmarinas Shuttle Drivers on their
Weekdays Services S.Y. 2018-2019. This study explored on how the profit of shuttle
drivers is sufficient for their weekly expenses.
The research is conducted to understand the reason behind the occurrence of the
said phenomenon and to provide the survey itself with accurate data. This is important
to the shuttle drivers and to other beneficiaries for them to know and to have an idea on
how the shuttle drivers manages to allocate their profit and if it is enough for their
weekly expenses.
The primary data gathered and interpreted throughout the research study came
from the shuttle drivers which are located under the premises of Philippine Christian
University - Dasmarinas Campus. And a total of 15 respondents were selected through
the convenience sampling technique.
The findings indicated that the weekly expenses, household expenses and
operating expenses, affects the sufficiency of profit of the shuttle drivers. The results
shows that their profit is enough and most of the drivers described it as "sakto lang" for
their daily lives.
v
Dasmariñas Campus
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE ………………………………………………………………………... i
APPROVAL SHEET ………………………………………………………….. ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT …………………………………………………….. iii
ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………….. v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ….…………………………………………….......... viii
CHAPTERS
I. INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study …………………………………………………... 1
Statement of the Purpose ………………………………………………….. 4
Significance of the Study…………………………………………………... 5
Scope & Limitations of the Study ….……………………………………... 6
vi
Dasmariñas Campus
II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Review of Related Literature and Studies ...………………………………. 7
Synthesis ……...……………………………………………………………. 13
Conceptual Framework .……………………………………………………. 15
Definition of Terms ……………………………………………………….. 16
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design …………………………………………………………… 17
Research Locale…………………………………………………………… 17
Sample and Sampling Techniques Used ………………………………...... 17
Instrumentation ……………………………………………………………. 18
Data Gathering Procedure …………………………………………. ……... 19
Statistical Analysis of the Data……………………………………………. 20
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION................................................................. 20
vii
Dasmariñas Campus
V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of the Findings ………………………………………………… 42
Conclusions ….……………………………………….…………………... 44
Recommendation …………………………………………………………. 46
BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………..……………….. 48
APPENDICES ………………………………………………………………….. 50
viii
Dasmariñas Campus
THE ALLOCATION OF PROFIT OF SELECTED PHILIPPINE CHRISTIAN

UNIVERSITY- DASMARIÑAS SHUTTLE DRIVERS ON THEIR
WEEKDAYS SERVICES S.Y. 2018-2019
Brobo, Lyca Jane S.
Cifra, Joshua Ace D.
Gubalane, Ronaline C.
Lansang, Katrina Andrea C.
Lising, Julia Rebecca G.
Lomatao, Ralph B.
Lopez, Jennifer M.
Martin, Krisha B.
Padua, Cindy P.
June 2019
viii
Dasmariñas Campus
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Transportation is the action of transporting someone or the method of being

transported from one place to another (Oxford Dictionary, 2019). The most used
means of transportation aside from walking is by public transport which includes
jeepneys, tricycles, buses, and taxis. In contrast to public transportation, private
transport is a transportation system which is not available for the use by the general
public. The transportation also connects with the person who also operates it, they are
called drivers. They are the one who operate and drive us safely to our destinations.
Once we ride a public or private transport, we are already trusted our lives on their
hands.
Students’ perspectives about commuting come along the way. Some of them
find riding a public transport a convenient way going to school, while, the other
students find private service a way more beneficial prior to the risks offered by the
public transport. More likely, universities have the responsibility to maintain the
safeness of each student. Universities are not left out in the provision of transport
services on campus for the students. Many universities are not taking the lead to
identify and develop strategies that help to sustain the quality of campus life (Toor and
Havlick, 2004) in terms of students commuting. Due to this, most of the universities
provide a shuttle service that helps the students to be more comfortable in commuting
safely. As universities continue to experience growth in student’s population,
automobile usage will continue to rise, (Juarez. 2011). Shuttle service is also a helpful
way to eliminate the risk factors that the students might encounter in commuting.
1
Dasmariñas Campus
On the other hand, Philippine Christian University – Dasmariñas Campus has no

exception to this. Since the population of the students is growing by the year passed
by, the number of shuttle services and drivers also increases. Providing shuttle
services for the advantage of students considering it is more convenient as the route is
directly to where the location of the students is.
The qualifications for hiring a shuttle driver in the Philippines are a bit easy. The
driver should have at least a secondary educational attainment and especially, to have
special driving skills (CollegeGrad, 2019). Hence, the drivers also have special needs
to support other members of the family. According to Schwartz (2012), most of the
drivers have their own families to support and have different expenses in their lives. It
includes the basic needs (clothes, shelter, utilities, food, education, and health care)
and wants (expensive things or any out of the budget for household necessities) of
each member of the family.
The study will be conducted by the researchers; to know if the PCU shuttle
drivers have sufficient profit to sustain their expenses. The study also aims to know
the average profit earned by the shuttle drivers in their weekly services.
According to Patel (2011), you do not need a lot of money just to live
comfortably and know how to budget. In this way, the profit earned by the shuttle
drivers will have a capability to be sufficient for the weekly expenses. The initial study
concludes all the expenses covered by the PCU shuttle drivers and their family,
expenses for the automobile usage and other necessities to prolong the shuttle service
itself, will also include to the study.
2
Dasmariñas Campus
Since the study will look on different factors that may affect the budgeting of
PCU shuttle drivers’ profit earned on their weekly services. The research stated the
allocation of profit earned by the PCU shuttle drivers on their weekly services; as a
result, it will have a high possibility to recognize the sustainability of the family
members and their current status.
This study would like to answer the question on how much the drivers earn in
their weekly services. The study would also like to find out the sufficiency of profit by
the PCU shuttle drivers and how they allocate their profit.
3
Dasmariñas Campus
STATEMENT OF THE PURPOSE
This research study is entitled “The Allocation of Profit of Selected Philippine

Christian University - Dasmariñas Shuttle Drivers on their Weekdays Services S.Y.
2018 - 2019” intends to solve the following questions:
1. How does the PCU shuttle drivers allocate their profit to their expenses in terms
of:
A. Household Expenses such as
1. food;
2. allowance;
3. leisure time.
B. Operating Expenses such as
1. fuel;
2. maintenance and repair.
2. Is their profit enough for their weekly expenses?
3. Does no. of supported family members affect the sufficiency of profit of the
PCU shuttle drivers?
Moreover, the primary objective of this study is to know if their profit is

sufficient for their daily expenses.
4
Dasmariñas Campus
SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS STUDY
 Shuttle Drivers – The findings of this study will help the shuttle drivers to gain
some knowledge on how the other drivers allocate their profit for their daily
expenses.
 Commuters - This study will help the commuters to have knowledge and
support for the shuttle drivers since they are the one who gives income to the
shuttle drivers. Aside from that, they can also gain knowledge on where the
shuttle drivers allocate their profit in terms of their expenses.
 Family of the Shuttle Drivers – This will help the family of the shuttle drivers
to acquire knowledge on how the shuttle drivers allocate their profit for their
weekly expenses. With this study, the family members may urge them to find
another source of income that will help the shuttle drivers in budgeting their
profit for their weekly expenses.
 Educational Institutes – This study will contribute academic institutions that
have or provide shuttles for their students. With this study, educational institutes
will gain knowledge and will be informed on the sufficiency of the profit among
the shuttle drivers.
 PCU Shuttle Operators – This study will benefit the PCU shuttle operators
since their shuttle drivers are the respondents. The PCU shuttle operators may
think of another strategy or may adjust their management for more sufficient
profit among their shuttle drivers.
 Future Researchers – This study will help the future researchers to acquire the
general knowledge with relation to the topic. This study will also serve as a
reference to develop research studies related in this topic.
5
Dasmariñas Campus
SCOPE AND LIMITATION
The principal objective of this study is to know if the profit earned by the PCU
shuttle drivers is sufficient for their weekly expenses. This study will also talk about
how they budgeted their profit in their daily circumstances.
This study includes the different expenses of the shuttle drivers in their daily
lives. This study covers their household expenses as well as their operating expenses.
Expenses for the food, allowance and leisure time are included in household expenses
while expenses for the fuels and maintenance and repair are included in operating
expenses. Moreover, although utilities expenses such as house rent, electric bill and
water bill are part of the household expenses, the researchers excluded it on this study,
knowing that utilities are usually paid monthly, therefore considering it as monthly
expenses and not weekly expenses. This study also shows the profit earned by the
PCU shuttle drivers in their weekday’s services. On the other hand, the profit earned
from the other source of their income is excluded in this study. Furthermore, this study
is only applicable for the PCU shuttle drivers and any shuttle drivers’ services from
the other schools and universities are excluded. However, this only covers the
authorized shuttle drivers of Philippine Christian University- Dasmariñas Campus.
6
Dasmariñas Campus
CHAPTER 2
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERARURE
Public transportation provides mobility service and provides commuters a

convenient way to reach their destinations faster and cheaper compared with private
vehicles. According to Manila Times (2017), roughly 70% of the Philippines’
population does not own a car. However, due to the scattered islands and
government’s poor investment in the country’s infrastructure, transportation in the
Philippines is underdeveloped (Crisostomo, 2012). Yet, the country’s government has
been improving the transportation system over different infrastructure projects. One of
the most popular modes of transportation in the country is jeepney. With its crowded
seating, striking appearance, and inexpensive minimum fair, Jeepneys became the
ubiquitous symbol of Philippine culture (Stewart, n.d). With the public transportation
in the Philippines, it is available to anyone and everyone and does not require too
much of your attention (Leiva, 2017). Also, instead of owning a car, you can save
more by commuting and it is much safer. “Statistically, bus-and train-related accidents
happen at a lesser rate, and with much lower passenger fatality rates than car travel
does” (National Express Transit, 2017). In spite of that, one of the disadvantages of
using public transportation is the route. “Public transportation may not come out into
the suburbs far enough to pick them up or may not stop at the exact address that they
are travelling to.” (Barton, 2017). Another one is the privacy of the commuters and
their personal space. In public transportation, commuters do not have privacy. There is
nothing to prevent the person sitting next to you from reading and listening
conversations and looking at the contents of your handbag. Also due to limited amount
7
Dasmariñas Campus
of space in public transportations, it is inappropriate for some tasks. Security is also

one of the disadvantages in commuting. There is no protection from what others
choose to do in that public space (Barton, 2017). Commuters are also prone on
pickpockets. As we all know, in a university, safety of the students is one of their
responsibilities. Campuses have enforced programs to produce students the way to
soundly get wherever they have to travel within the wee hours of the morning. A
common use-case for demand-response technology is found on university campuses,
wherever directors wish to make sure that students will get home safely late in the
dead of night (Kaufman, 2017). “Many universities are now taking the lead to identify
and develop strategies that help to sustain the quality of campus life in terms of
students commuting.” (Ojo, Amoako-Sakyi, & Agyeman, 2015). These programs
share a typical goal: fill a niche in field transit and assuage the fears of scholars (and
their parents) regarding obtaining home late in the dark (Kaufman, 2017). One of these
programs is providing a shuttle service for the students. With this, the transportation of
the students will be more organized. You won't have to be worry regarding transaction
cars, finding directions, or alternative untidy plans. Also, privacy is an advantage in
shuttle service. Unlike different varieties of public transportation, you will be
travelling with only your group. Once you travel with simply your group of
schoolmates, it permits everybody the opportunity to collaborate, spend time checking
emails, or relaxing. Last but the top priority, is safety. With shuttle service, you'll be
able to eliminate the fear of safe travel. Knowing that you simply do not need to keep
your eyes on the road for other reckless drivers or hold on for expensive life. Shuttle
services have superior safety than other transportation alternatives. (Production
Transport, 2016).
8
Dasmariñas Campus
In order to operate shuttle services, we need someone who are highly trained,
tested, and scrutinized person on the road, the drivers. Shuttle drivers are tasked with
the vital responsibility of protecting students on their way to and from school (Mclane,
2016).
“School bus drivers make an impact. We are the first ones students see in the
morning and the last ones they see in the afternoon. My job is to safely transport
students on a daily basis to and from school and I make a difference.” – Burke (2015).
The most obvious responsibility of faculty busman is to transport students to

and from school or activities during a timely and safe manner. This includes
appearance to every home or stop at the scheduled time and driving safely all told
styles of weather. Drivers are needed to possess business driver's licenses to control
full-sized buses. Maneuvering safely on turns and once rain or shine impact conditions
is crucial (Kokemuller, 2015). Many of these drivers have a minimum of high school
educations; however, a diploma is not essentially needed. Employers search for
candidates who demonstrate patience and reliability have basic math skills and who
have a decent attitude for customer service. Hand-eye coordination and a decent
driving record are conditions for the task (Suttle, 2014).
In Florida, $17,380 (₱939,015.33) is the average profit of full-time school bus

driver annually (Gonzalez, 2013). In United States of America (U.S.A.), salaries of
shuttle drivers may depend in the four major U.S. regions: West, South, Midwest, and
Northeast. They attained between $18,000 and $25,000 per annum in the West region,
in keeping with merely employed -- with a low of $18,000 in Montana and highs of
9
Dasmariñas Campus
$25,000 per annum in California and Alaska. Bigger salary disparities existed within
the South, as drivers attained a low of $17,000 in Mississippi and a high of $35,000
annually within the District of Columbia. In the Midwest, shuttle drivers created
$17,000 and $24,000 per annum, severally, in South Dakota and Minnesota that
described the low and high end. And average salaries ranged from $20,000 to $27,000
within the Northeast region -- with Maine representing the low end and Massachusetts
the high (Suttle, 2014). However, Philippine rates are much lower than the U.S.A. The
researchers interviewed some shuttle drivers to know about their profit, since there are
no local profit references about the shuttle drivers in the internet. They interviewed
two drivers where one of them has a fixed profit, while the other one varies on the
daily fare of his passengers. According to Henry Lunar (2019), a fixed profit shuttle
driver from Imus, Cavite; “₱800 po ang bayad ng bawat estudyante na nagpapa
service sa’kin. Meron po akong 15 na estudyanteng inihahatid sundo araw-araw.
Kumikita po ako ng higit kumulang ₱12,000 sa isang buwan”. Meanwhile, the other
one is a tricycle service driver from Dasmariñas, Cavite, Rolando Cebrero (2019). His
passengers are mostly from St. Jude of Dasmariñas and Technological University of
the Philippines-Cavite. Cebrero (2019) stated that he earns ₱600-₱800 per day.
According to him, his passengers pay him ₱10 per head, and ₱25 if special or alone.
Both might have a minimum profit job, but it involves a lot of responsibilities
(Gonzalez, 2013).
When it comes to cost of living in the Philippines, it is 52.54% lower than the
U.S.A. (Numbeo, 2013). With the shuttle drivers' minimum profit, it is not impossible
for them to have difficulties in budgeting their profit. For average Filipinos' cost of
living, Market leads the chart with 38%. followed by House Rent per month in 18%.
Next is Transportation (15%), Restaurants (10%) and Utilities with 9%.
10
Dasmariñas Campus
Then Sports & Leisure with 6% and the least is Clothing and Shoes with 4%.
According to the survey of Philippine Statistics Authority (2016), the survey

result showed that the average annual family income of Filipino families was
approximately 267 thousand pesos, 22 thousand pesos if per month. In comparison,
the average annual family expenditure for the same year was 215 thousand pesos.
Hence, the Filipino families have savings of 52 thousand pesos in a year, on average.
In addition to this, in 2015, about 41.9% of the total annual family expenditures were
spent on food (PSA, 2016).
But for the shuttle drivers, they have this ‘Vehicle Cost’ that indicates the
savings that result from the reduced ownership and use. It can be divided into two:
Fixed Cost and Variable Cost. The Fixed Cost, also called ownership or time-based,
which are unaffected by the amount a vehicle is driven. Included here are the vehicle
purchase or lease, insurance, registration and vehicle taxes. While in Variable Cost,
also called operating, marginal or incremental, which increase with vehicle mileage. In
Variable Cost is maintenance and repair, fuel and fuel taxes, and paid parking or tolls.
(Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 2017).
According to Allegretto (2009), “Basic family budget measurements are

adjustable by family type because expenses vary considerably depending on the
number of children in a family and whether or not a family is headed by a single
parent or a married couple”. It compares knowledge on actual operating family
incomes and also the associated basic family budgets.
The portion of family shares falling below family budget thresholds but the total
number of affected individuals – parents and children. This geographic dimension of
family budget measurements offers a comparative advantage over the use of poverty
11
Dasmariñas Campus
thresholds which in their measurements only use a national baseline. Furthermore, the
average household size in Philippines in 2018 is 4.4 people per household and the total
households are calculated by dividing the household population, (Bauer, 2018).
Therefore, the sufficiency of profit may depend on the number of family members to
support.
According to Elliot (2013), “Costs of living depend so much on what the

residents themselves have in terms of income”. Expenses are a must in our daily lives.
As a worker, sufficiency of profit is in need. The drivers, especially shuttle drivers are
paid with the minimum wage or salary. Sometimes, their profit varies on their
passengers. And so, daily expenses can be a pain in the back. School shuttle drivers
are paid for the number of school days, yet many of them still choose to find another
source of income (Gonzalez, 2013). The researchers wanted to know the sufficiency of
profit among the shuttle drivers. Future research should replicate these findings in
more natural settings with same population. As what said in the old saying, it takes a
village to set the cost of living (Reed, 2016).
12
Dasmariñas Campus
SYNTHESIS
The findings from this review reveal the sufficiency of profit among the shuttle
drivers in Philippine Christian University- Dasmariñas Campus on their weekday’s
services. Citing positive effects for their argument, these authors put a premium that
will support the profitability of the shuttle drivers for their weekly expenses. However,
according to Malasig (2018), the weekly expenses for the shuttle drivers are divided
into different categories, the wants and need of their family and for the vehicle itself,
resulting for not being sufficient for their weekly expenses.
A local study conducted by the Manila Times (2017), about 70% of the
population of the Philippines, do not own a car. However, due to widely dispersed
islands and the poor government financial investment in the countries’ infrastructure,
transport system in the Philippines is under developing.
Public transport offer convenience to people without a car and is much cheaper
than private cars. Nevertheless, public transfers give passengers no assurance when it
comes to their safety and it does not match people’ schedules because they have no
control over public transport times. Shuttle drivers are responsible for transporting the
students to and from their school. They ensure that the students are safe as they are the
students who see in the morning and in the afternoon. Campus universities take the
lead in pursuing the safety of students in terms of travel, so that they can get home
safely (Kaufman, 2017). The researchers see this as an opportunity to determine the
rising number of students who choose private transport rather than public
transportation when going to school.
With the information the researchers have gathered, a study will be conducted to
seek information if the profit of the PCU shuttle drivers is sufficient for their weekly
expenses that includes their basic needs such as food, shelter, clothing, utilities,
13
Dasmariñas Campus
education, fuel, maintenance and repair and their other necessities. Furthermore, the
study will test the validity and reliability of the presentation stated by Elliot (2013)
and Allegretto (2009), which is a presupposition, in a natural setting with same
population.
14
Dasmariñas Campus
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Profit of PCU
-
Shuttle Drivers
Household Expenses such as Operating Expenses such as

1. food; 1. fuel;
2. allowance; 2. maintenance and
3. leisure time. repair.
The allocation of profit of the PCU Shuttle Drivers can be divided into two
expenses, the household expenses and operating expenses. Under household expenses
are food, allowance and leisure time while under operating expenses are fuel and
maintenance and repair.
15
Dasmariñas Campus
DEFINITION OF VARIABLES
 Allocation- how the PCU shuttle drivers manage their expenses.

 Allowance- the money they give to their children.
 Expenses- an amount of money that must be spent especially regularly to pay
something (Merriam Dictionary, n.d)
 Fixed Cost - it is an expense or cost that does not change with an increase or
decrease in the number of goods or services produced or sold. (Kenton, 2018)
 Fixed Profit - types of security that pays investors fixed interest payments until its
maturity date. (Chen, 2019)
 Household Expenses- expenses such as food, allowance, and leisure time.
 Leisure Time- past time or bonding time of the drivers with their family as well as
it includes discretionary spending or treats of the drivers.
 Operating Expenses- fuel and maintenance and repair are under these expenses.
 PCU Shuttle Drivers- the main respondent of this study.
 Drivers that caters the students of Philippine Christian University- Dasmariñas
Campus.
 Profit- the money that is gained from a specific work.
 Salary- fixed compensation paid regularly for services. (Merriam Webster
Dictionary, n.d)
 Shuttle Service- a vehicle provided by a university to transport students between
places.
 Variable Cost - a corporate expense that changes in propotion to production
output. (Kenton, 2018)
 Vehicle Cost - changes in the cost of owning & operating vehicles resulting from
a transportation improvement project (Litman, 2009).
16
Dasmariñas Campus
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN
The descriptive-correlational research method is used in gathering the needed

information for this study. This method enables to interpret a theoretical meaning of
the findings for further studies, as well as this research is a current situation of the
shuttle drivers. According to Cristobal, Dela Cruz Cristobal (2017), the objective of
descriptive design is to observe and report a particular phenomenon. Specifically, the
researchers used a questionnaire type of descriptive research method which enables
the researchers to gather information from the respondents, without experiencing any
difficulties in answering the questions required for the researchers to have information
regarding the allocation of profit among the Philippine Christian University -
Dasmariñas Shuttle Drivers.
RESEARCH LOCALE
The study was conducted at Philippine Christian University - Dasmariñas

Campus since the respondents were the PCU Shuttle Drivers. The selected
respondents were interviewed via questionnaires. The gathered information was used
to formulate a substantial theory that support the main objective of the study which is
to know if their profit is sufficient to their weekly expenses.
SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES USED
For this study, the researchers chose the current shuttle drivers from Philippine
Christian University – Dasmariñas Campus as their official respondents. The
researchers chose 15 respondents out of the 24 shuttle drivers as some do not want to
be interviewed. The researchers used a non-probability, convenience
17
Dasmariñas Campus
sampling as a sampling technique. This is to give the researchers a reliable response,

as PCU Dasmariñas Shuttle Drivers are the subject of this study.
INTSTRUMENTATION
The researchers used a questionnaire type of instrument to answer their

questions and to gather data. The researchers aimed to gather information about the
allocation of profit among the PCU- D shuttle drivers in regards to their weekly
expenses and if the profit they get weekly is enough to their weekly expenses.
The questionnaire is a 3-page questionnaire and is divided into two parts: the
demographic profile and the survey questionnaire. Demographic profile is consists of
their names, age, civil status, no. of the family members they support and no. of their
children. Name and age is optional as some of the respondents do not want to give
their names and age. Prior to this, the researchers attached the consent form for the
respondents as a basis that they are really agreeing into this study. The researchers
also assure the respondents that all personal information will be kept confidentially.
While the survey questionnaire part is composed of 20 questions with different
choices such as yes and no, ranges of money they either earned or expended, hours
they have to work, ranking of their priorities when it comes to spending and options
such as Always, Sometimes, Often and Never. The questions are conceptualized based
on the statement of the purpose and need of this study. To indicate their answer, they
must place a check mark on their chosen answer and must complete the demographic
profile by checking and filling up the space provided for their answers.
18
Dasmariñas Campus
Moreover, the researchers adapted and modified the questions from

barefootbudgeting.com, Morrisey (2014), and personstudentsenate@newschool.edu,
as cited in the last page of the questionnaire.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
As the researchers conducted this study, they conceptualized questions that are
in line with their topic and on what they need to know base on their statement of
purpose. Then the researchers wrote for an approval letter as well as the permission
letter for the respondents to let them conduct a research regarding with this study.
Upon the approval of the adviser and respondents, they reproduced copies of the
questionnaire and start to interview some Philippine Christian University- Dasmariñas
Campus shuttle drivers as well as answering the questionnaire. The researchers find it
hard to interview shuttle drivers as some of them do not want to be interviewed.
Knowing that there are 24 drivers, the researchers only choose 20 as the respondents
yet some still do not want to be interviewed. That’s why from 20 respondents, the
researcher broke it down into 15 respondents. Upon having the problem, the
researchers still focus on deepening their knowledge on the understanding of this
study. Moreover, after conducting survey, the researchers get the tally of the answers
produced by the shuttle drivers and analyze it. And after interpreting data, he
researchers assure that all data gathered are all factual and unbiased.
19
Dasmariñas Campus
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA
The researchers used four kinds of statistical treatment, the percentage

frequency distribution, the chi-square, bar graphs and weighted mean to understand
more the study and evaluate the credibility and usefulness of information as well as to
make appropriate decisions and analyzations. For the yes or no answered questions, as
well as for some questions that needs to figure out the percentage of each answered
variables, the researchers use percentage frequency distribution. The researchers used
the formula;
Frequency ÷ Total Respondents × 100%
While the questions regarding to the number of hours they have to work and to
the money they spend for the expenses, either household or operating expenses,
weekly, the researchers used a chi square statistical treatment. This is to know if the
said expenses can affect or not the sufficiency of profit of the shuttle drivers. To know
if what hypothesis should be accepted, the researchers applied the rule of chi-square;
Reject H0, if χ2 > CV
Reject Hi, if χ2 < CV
Moreover, the researchers used bar graphs to illustrate the ranking of priorities
and the difference of lengths or frequency between the variables. Furthermore, the
researchers also used interview as their instrument to gather more information and to
deepen their knowledge about this study. Lastly, the researchers used weighted mean to
get the average no. of family members of the drivers. To get the weighted mean:
Total Frequency ÷ Total no. of repondents
20
Dasmariñas Campus
CHAPTER 4
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Part I of the questionnaire, demographic profile:
No. of Family Members
2
4
7
4
3
3
2
2
6
5
5
2
4
1
5
55
21
Dasmariñas Campus
Part II of the questionnaire, Survey Questions:
FREQUENCY OF TALLY
QUESTIONS YES NO
1. Are you a full time shuttle driver? 13 2
2. Are you the owner of the vehicle you drive? 10 5
1000- 3000- 5000- 7000-

3000 5000 7000 above
3. How much do you earn weekly? 4 5 3 3
YES NO
4. Do you build a litte discretionary spending 7 8

(for treats) into your budget?
5. Do you put a little bit of money aside for 11 4

maintenance and repair?
6. When budgeting, do you over-estimate 10 5

purchases to ensure you have enough money?
7. Do you receive financial aid? 1 14
8. Do you have any work aside from being a 8 7

shuttle driver?
9. Do you find it difficult to manage your weekly 10 5

expenses?
22
Dasmariñas Campus
10-15 15-20 20-25 hrs. 25hrs. and above

hrs. hrs.
10. How many hours do 8 0 3 4

you have to work to
pay for your weekly
expenses?
400- 600-1000 1000-1500 1500- 2000-above

600 2000
11. How much money 0 1 5 2 7

do you spend for
food every week?
100- 400— 600-1000 1000- 1500-2000

400 600 1500
12. How much do you 0 0 1 5 4

spend for fuel every
week?
100- 400— 600-1000 1000- 1500-2000

400 600 1500
13. If you have, how 2 1 1 4 2

much do you spend
for your children
weekly (allowances,
transportation, etc.)?
14. How much money 1 3 3 4 3

do you spend for
your leisure time?
FOOD ALLO- LEISURE FUELS MAINTENANCE

WANCE AND REPAIR
15. Where does most of 12 2 0 1 0
your profit go?
For no. 16, since the researchers wants to know the most priority and the least
priority of respondents among the variables, the researchers use bar graph to present
the tally of variables.
23
Dasmariñas Campus
16. Rank your priority when it comes to spending in the following: (1 as the highest and 5 as
the lowest)
14
12
FOOD
10
ALLOWANCE
8
6 LEISURE
4 FUELS
2 MAINTENANCE AND
0 REPAIR
1 2 3 4 5
QUESTIONS ALWAYS OFTEN SOMETIMES NEVER
17. Do you always try 11 0 0 4

to save money?
100-400 400-600 600- 1000- 1500- 2000-

1000 1500 2000 above
18. If so, how much 1 0 2 4 1 3

can you actually
save weekly?
YES NO
19. Is your profit 9 6

enough for your
weekly expenses?
20. Does the 0 15

university provide
benefits for you?
24
Dasmariñas Campus
SOLUTION AND INTERPRETATION
Part I of the questionnaire, Demographic Profile:
FREQUENCY (No. of Family Members)
2
4
7
4
3
3
2
2
6
5
5
2
4
1
5
55
Solution: n=15
x̅ = 55/15
x̅ = 3.67 or 4
Interpretation: The average member of the family of the drivers is 4.
25
Dasmariñas Campus
Part II of the questionnaire, Survey Questions:
YES NO
1. Are you a full-time shuttle driver? 13 2
Solution: n=15
For yes, For no,
= 13/15 x 100% = 2/15 x 100%
=0.87 x100% =0.13 x100%
=87% =13%
Interpretation: 87% of respondents are a full-time driver, while the other 13% are a
non-full-time driver.
YES NO
2. Are you the owner of the vehicle you drive? 10 5
Solution: n=15
For yes, For no,
= 10/15 x 100% = 5/15 x 100%
=0.67 x100% =0.33 x100%
=67% =33%
26
Dasmariñas Campus
Interpretation: 67% of the respondents are the owner of their vehicles while the
remaining respondents do not own the vehicle they’re driving.
1000-3000 3000-5000 5000-7000 7000-

above
3. How much do you 4 5 3 3
earn weekly?
Solution: n= 15
For P1000-3000, For P5000-7000,
= 4/15 x 100% = 3/15 x 100%
=0.27 x100% =0.2 x100%
=27% =20%
For P3000-5000, For P7000-above,
= 5/15 x 100% = 3/15 x 100%
=0.33 x100% =0.2 x100%
=33% =20%
Interpretation: The highest percentage of the respondents earns P3000-5000 weekly.
YES NO
4. Do you build a little discretionary 7 8

spending (for treats) into your budget?
Solution: n= 15
27
Dasmariñas Campus
For Yes, For No,

= 7/15 x 100% = 8/15 x 100%
=0.47 x100% =0.53 x100%
=47% =53%
Interpretation: 47% of the respondents answered yes that they build a little
discretionary spending on their budget while the remaining 53% answered no.
YES NO
5. Do you put a little bit of money aside for 11 4

maintenance and repair?
Solution: n= 15
For Yes, For No,
= 11/15 x 100% = 4/15 x 100%
=0.73 x100% =0.27 x100%
=73% =27%
Interpretation: 73% of the respondents answered yes that they put a little bit of
money for maintenance and repair and the remaining 27% respondents answered no.
28
Dasmariñas Campus
YES NO
6. When budgeting, do you over-estimate 10 5

purchases to ensure you have enough
money?
Solution: n= 15
For Yes, For No,
= 10/15 x 100% = 5/15 x 100%
=0.67 x100% =0.33 x100%
=67% =33%
Interpretation: 67% of the drivers’ over-estimate purchase to ensure that they have
enough money, while 33% of the drivers answered no.
YES NO
7. Do you receive financial aid? 1 14
Solution: n= 15
For Yes, For No,

= 1/15 x 100% = 14/15 x 100%
=0.07 x 100% =0.93 x100%
=7% =93%
Interpretation: Most of the drivers said that they do not receive any financial aid.
Only 7% of the drivers said that they do receive.
29
Dasmariñas Campus
YES NO
8. Do you have any work aside from being 8 7

a shuttle driver?
Solution: n= 15
For Yes, For No,
= 8/15 x 100% = 7/15 x 100%
=0.53 x100% =0.47 x100%
=53% =47%
Interpretation: 47% of the drivers responded that they do not have any work aside
from being a shuttle driver, while the 53% of the drivers responded yes, they do have
work aside from being a shuttle driver.
YES NO
9. Do you find it difficult to manage your 10 5

weekly expenses?
Solution: n= 15
For Yes, For No,
= 10/15 x 100% = 5/15 x 100%
=0.67 x100% =0.33 x100%
=67% =33%
Interpretation: 67% of the drivers agreed that they find it difficult to manage their
weekly expenses while only 33% disagree.
30
Dasmariñas Campus
10-15 15-20 20-25 25 hrs.

hrs. hrs. hrs. and
above
10. How many hours do you have to 8 0 3 4
work to pay for your weekly
expenses?
Solution: n= 15
HOURS O E O-E O-E2 𝐎 − 𝐄𝟐

𝑬
10-15 8 3.75 4.25 18.06 4.82
15-20 0 3.75 -3.75 4.06 3.75
20-25 3 3.75 -0.75 0.56 0.15
25-above 4 3.75 1.75 3.06 0.82
TOTAL 15 9.54
H0- The numbers of hours of work does not affect the profit of the drivers that they
could spend for their weekly expenses.
Hi- The numbers of hours of work do affect the profit of the drivers that they could
spend for their weekly expenses.
χ2= 9.54 df= 4-1 CV= 6.251

=3
Interpretation: The numbers of hours of work do affect the profit of the drivers that
they could spend for their weekly expenses. Reject Ho.
31
Dasmariñas Campus
400- 600- 1000- 1500- 2000-

600 1000 1500 2000 above
11. How much money do 0 1 5 2 7
you spend for food
every week?
Solution: n= 15
Amount for food O E O-E O-E2 𝐎 − 𝐄𝟐

𝑬
400-600 0 3 -3 9 3
600-1000 1 3 -2 4 1.33
1000-1500 5 3 2 4 1.33
1500-2000 2 3 -1 1 0.33
2000-above 7 3 4 16 5.33
TOTAL 15 11.32
H0- The expenses on food does not affect the sufficiency of profit of the drivers.
Hi- The expenses on food does affect the sufficiency of profit of the drivers.
χ2= 11.32 df= 5-1 CV= 7.779

=4
Interpretation: The expenses on food do affect the sufficiency of profit of the drivers.
Reject Hi.
32
Dasmariñas Campus
100- 400— 600- 1000- 1500- 2000-

400 600 1000 1500 2000 above
12. How much do you 0 0 1 5 4 5
spend for fuel
every week?
Solution: n= 15
Amount for fuel O E O-E O-E2 𝐎 − 𝐄𝟐

𝑬
100-400 0 2.5 -2.5 6.25 2.5
400-600 0 2.5 -2.5 6.25 2.5
600-1000 1 2.5 -1.5 2.25 0.9
1000-1500 5 2.5 2.5 6.25 2.5
1500-2000 4 2.5 1.5 2.25 0.9
2000-above 5 2.5 2.5 6.25 2.5
TOTAL 15 11.8
H0- The expenses on fuel does not affect the sufficiency of profit of the drivers.
Hi- The expenses on fuel does affect the sufficiency of profit of the drivers.
χ2= 11.8 df= 5-1 CV= 7.779

=4
Interpretation: The expenses on fuel do affect the sufficiency of profit of the drivers.
Reject H0.
33
Dasmariñas Campus
100- 400— 600- 1000- 1500- 2000-

400 600 1000 1500 2000 above
13. If you have, how 2 1 1 4 2 4
much do you
spend for your
children weekly?
Solution: n= 15
Amount for the O E O-E O-E2 𝐎 − 𝐄𝟐

allowance of 𝑬
their children
100-400 2 2.33 -0.33 0.11 0.05

400-600 1 2.33 -1.33 1.77 0.76
600-1000 1 2.33 -1.33 1.77 0.76
1000-1500 4 2.33 2.33 5.43 2.33
1500-2000 2 2.33 -0.33 0.11 0.05
2000-above 4 2.33 2.33 5.43 2.33
TOTAL 14 6.48
H0- The expenses in allowance does not affect the sufficiency of profit of drivers.
Hi- The expenses in allowance does affect the sufficiency of profit of drivers.
χ2= 6.48 df= 6-1 CV= 9.236

=5
Interpretation: The expenses in allowance do not affect the sufficiency of profit of
drivers. Reject Hi.
34
Dasmariñas Campus
100- 400— 600- 1000- 1500- 2000-

400 600 1000 1500 2000 above
14. How much money 1 3 3 4 3 1
do you spend for
your leisure time?
Solution: n= 15
Amount for O E O- O- 𝐎 − 𝐄𝟐
leisure time E E2 𝑬
100-400 1 2.5 - 0.25 0.1
0.5
400-600 3 2.5 0.5 0.25 0.1
600-1000 3 2.5 0.5 0.25 0.1
1000-1500 4 2.5 1.5 2.25 0.9
1500-2000 3 2.5 0.5 0.25 0.1
2000-above 1 2.5 - 0.25 0.1

0.5
TOTAL 15 1.4
H0- The expenses in leisure time does not affect the sufficiency of profit of drivers.
Hi- The expenses in leisure time does affect the sufficiency of profit of drivers.
χ2= 1.4 df= 6-1 CV= 9.236
=5
Interpretation: The expenses in leisure time do not affect the sufficiency of profit of
drivers. Reject Hi
35
Dasmariñas Campus
FOOD ALLO- LEISURE FUELS MAINTENANCE

WANCE AND REPAIR
15. Where 12 2 0 1 0
does most
of your
profit go?
Solution: n= 15
For food, For fuel, For allowance,

= 12/15 x 100% = 1/15 x 100% = 2/15 x 100%
=0.8 x100% =0.07 x100% =0.13 x100%
=80% =7% =13%
Interpretation: Majority of the respondents goes their profit to food. 7% is for fuel and
the remaining 13% goes to allowance.
36
Dasmariñas Campus
16. Rank your priority when it comes to spending in the following: (1 as the
highest and 5 as the lowest)
14
FOOD
12
10 ALLOWANCE
8
LEISURE
6
4 FUELS
2
MAINTENANCE AND
0 REPAIR
1 2 3 4 5
Interpretation: The most priority of the respondents is food while the least priority is
maintenance and repair.
ALWAYS OFTEN SOMETIMES NEVER

17. Do you always try to 11 0 0 4
save money?
Solution: n= 15
For Always, For Never,

= 11/15 x 100% = 4/15 x 100%
=0.73 x100% =0.27 x100%
=73% =27%
37
Dasmariñas Campus
Interpretation: 73% of the respondents tries to save money always while the
remaining respondents didn’t try to save money. According to the drivers, they never
try to save money because their profit is only exact for their expenses.
100- 400- 600- 1000- 1500- 2000-

400 600 1000 1500 2000 above
18. If so, how much 1 0 2 4 1 3
can you actually
save weekly?
Solution: n= 15
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2 4
1.5 3
1 2
0.5 1 1
0 0
100-400 400-600 600-1000 1000-1500 1500-2000 2000-above
Interpretation: Since 4 respondents says never on saving money, only 11 out of the
15 respondents answer’s no. 17 question. 4 respondents answer 1000-1500 pesos of
money they can save weekly, 3 answer 2000 and above, 2 answer 600-1000 pesos and
1 answer 100-400 pesos and 1500-2000 pesos.
38
Dasmariñas Campus
YES NO
19. Is your profit enough for your weekly expenses? 9 6
Solution: n= 15
For Yes, For No,
= 9/15 x 100% = 6/15 x 100%
=0.6 x100% =0.4 x100%
=60% =40%
Interpretation: 60% of the respondents say their profit is enough for their weekly
expenses while 40% says it is not enough in their weekly expenses. Some says it is
only “sapat lang” for their weekly expenses.
YES NO
20. Does the university provide benefits for you? 0 15
Solution: n= 15
For No,
= 15/15 x 100%
=1 x 100%
= 100%
Interpretation: All of the respondents say that the university didn’t provide any
benefits for them.
39
Dasmariñas Campus
ANALYSIS
67% of the PCU- D Shuttle Drivers find it difficult to manage their weekly
expenses. Most of them earn P3000-P5000 weekly, are full time drivers, the owners of
the vehicles they drive, and spend 10-15 hours driving weekly. Also more than half of
them has work aside from being a shuttle driver yet, it is just enough for their weekly
expenses. The respondents divide their weekly expense into two: Household Expense
and Operating Expenses. These expenses are budgeted by their profit according to
their weekly needs.
Most of the drivers have food as their top priority on their list. According to
the results, most of them spend P2, 000 and above for their food weekly. This does
affect the sufficiency of profit among these drivers, as all of them have family
members to support. Next on their list is the Allowance, where 13% of their profit
goes. Here includes the weekly allowance of their children. Most of them spend
P1000-P1500 and P2000 above weekly for their allowance. Yet, it do not affect the
sufficiency of their profit as some of them still have kids and one of them do not have
a child yet. The leisure time of their family comes fourth on the ranking of priority.
The researchers also found out that leisure time do not affect the sufficiency of their
profit as it is one of their least priorities.
While their Operating Expense which includes their fuel and maintenance and
repair. Fuel ranks no. 3 on their priority. 10 out of 15 of the respondents spend P1000-
1500 and P2000 above on their fuel. It does affect the sufficiency of their profit, as it
is part of their variable cost as a shuttle driver. And last on their priority, is
Maintenance and Repair. These are the expenses for a product to keep it in good
condition (Chen, 2018). Here lies their engine check-up, car wash, and other repairs
for their vehicle.
40
Dasmariñas Campus
While 90% of the respondents have children on their own, all of the drivers
have family members to support, with 4 members in average. According to Bauer
(2018), the average household size in the Philippines is 4.4 in year 2018. With that, the
numbers of family members affect the sufficiency of profit among the drivers.
Some of the respondents described their weekly profit as “sakto lang” when
asked if their profit is enough for their expenses. Although most of them always try to
save money, there’s no assurance that their savings can last and can be used for
investing. Also, the university itself does not provide any benefits to the shuttle
drivers.
41
Dasmariñas Campus
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUCION AND RECOMMENDATION
SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS
In this research study entitled "The Allocation of Profit among Philippine

Christian University-Dasmariñas Shuttle Drivers on their Weekdays Services" intends
to solve on how the Philippine Christian University- Dasmariñas (PCU - D) shuttle
drivers manage their weekly expenses that can be classified into two: the Household
Expenses and Operating Expenses. Also to know if their profit is enough for their
weekly expenses. And third is to find out if the number of the family members
supported by the drivers affects their sufficiency of profit. This study is conducted to
help the shuttle drivers gain some knowledge on how their co-shuttle drivers manage
their profit weekly. As well as for the PCU-D shuttle operators, so they may adjust
their management to be more comfortable for their drivers. And for the university to
be aware on the shuttle drivers' sufficiency of profit, that they can give some benefits
to them. The study covers the profit earned by PCU-D shuttle drivers on their
weekday’s services. Thus, profit earned from different source of income is not
included. The respondents on this research are the PCU-D Shuttle Drivers academic
year 2018-2019. The study is conducted inside the premises of the Philippine Christian
University- Dasmariñas during the free time of the researchers.
The researchers used the arguments of Elliot (2013) and Allegretto (2009).
Where Elliot stated that, "Costs of living depend so much on what the residents
themselves have in terms of income". Unlike company shuttle drivers, the school
shuttle drivers can only have profit during school days thus they find another source of
income (Gonzales, 2013). Shuttle drivers earned with the minimum wage and still
42
Dasmariñas Campus
have other work requirements that need payment. Sufficiency of profit weekly is
needed as a worker (Elliot, 2013). While the second argument, where “Basic family
budget measurements are adjustable by family type because expenses vary
considerably depending on the number of children in a family and whether or not a
family is headed by a single parent or a married couple”, was stated by Allegretto
(2009). Here, regardless of their civil status their budget in a family will adjust on the
children and other family members that need support from the respondents.
The study is a quantitative research, where the researchers gathered data through
non-probability convenience sampling technique. It is a descriptive research that used
four statistical treatments; the Weighted Mean, Bar Graph, Chi-Square, and
Percentage Frequency Distribution.
By this study, the researchers found out that most of them are full-time drivers
and have other source of income. Though most of them have profit that ranges from
P3, 000-P5 ,000, higher than the minimum wage of Dasmariñas, Cavite; it is just
enough for their weekly expenses. Under Household Expenses are food, allowance,
and leisure time. Base on the findings, food do affect the sufficiency of profit of the
PCU shuttle drivers while allowance and leisure time do not because some might not
have a child or they are still kids. Therefore, allowance for their children is still small
enough to affect the sufficiency of their profit. Under Operating Expenses are fuel and
maintenance and repair. The researchers also find out that expenses in fuel might
affect the sufficiency of their profit as it was one of their fixed expenses. Also the
researchers found out that they prioritize food the most as 100% of them have family
members to support and 93% have children. While Maintenance and Repair as their
least on their priority due to them spends for this almost once a week only.
43
Dasmariñas Campus
This study also stated that their number of family members that they support
through their profit in shuttle driving affects the sufficiency of it. With an average of 4
members supported through the profit of shuttle drivers. Overall, their weekly
expenses cover most of their basic needs, as their leisure time does not affect the
sufficiency of their profit.
CONCLUSION
Upon conducting interviews and surveys, as well as analyzing and interpreting the
given data, the researchers concluded that the weekly profit of the PCU shuttle drivers
is enough on their weekly expenses. Although some of the drivers said it was just
enough for their basic needs and some cannot save money due to insufficiency of
profit, they still manage to purchase their basic needs. This proves the statement said
by Elliot (2013), “Cost of living depends so much on what the residents themselves
have in terms of income”. Furthermore, the researchers intended to solve these
following questions:
1. How does the PCU shuttle drivers allocate their profit to their expenses in terms
of:
A. Household Expenses such as
1. food;
2. allowance;
3. leisure time.
B. Operating expenses such as
1. fuel;
2. maintenance and repair.
44
Dasmariñas Campus
2. Is their profit enough for their weekly expenses?

3. Does no. of family members affect the sufficiency of profit of the PCU shuttle
drivers?
As solving these questions, the researchers find out that the PCU shuttle drivers
finds it hard to allocate or manage their profit to their expenses. The researchers also
find out that expense in the leisure time and allowances on their children, do not
affect the sufficiency of their profit. However, food and fuel affects the sufficiency
of profit of the shuttle drivers. In addition, the researchers figure out that most of the
profit of the shuttle drivers goes to food expenses as well as the respondents find
food as the most priority expenses to all. Moreover, the researchers find out that the
no. of family members affects the sufficiency of profit as most of the drivers have a
family to support. Therefore the researchers concluded that the said findings proves
the statement stated by Allegretto (2009) that the “Basic family budget
measurements are adjustable by family type because expenses vary considerably
depending on the number of children in a family and whether or not a family is
headed by a single parent or a married couple”. According to the findings of this
study, the allowance on their children do not affect the sufficiency of income of the
shuttle drivers because some doesn’t have a child as well as some has but still kids
and did not have that big expenses that can affect their profit. Therefore, the
budgeting of profit varies on the number of children as well as the number of family
members the shuttle drivers’ supported.
45
Dasmariñas Campus
RECOMMENDATION
This part of the study discusses the suggested recommendations of the study
based on the findings or the results of the data that was gathered, analyzed, interpreted
and presented. The findings of the study suggest how the profit of the shuttle drivers
has an effect to their weekly expenses. The recommendations of the study to the
beneficiaries that were mentioned in the significance of the study are:
To the Shuttle Drivers - the results suggested that the shuttle drivers should have a
fixed list of passengers since it is hard to have regular passengers due to the
competition between the shuttle drivers and the local drivers outside the university.
To their family members - the researchers suggests that the family should have a
proper budgeting plan and since the number of supported family members can affect
the sufficiency of profit of the shuttle drivers, the researchers also come up to the idea
that they should have a family planning.
To the Educational institutes - specifically the Philippine Christian University -

Dasmariñas Campus, the researchers would like to imply that the university should
provide benefits for the shuttle drivers prior to their answers that they did not received
any benefits from the university itself. Providing benefit like giving them insurance or
any aid will be a big help for them.
To the P.C.U Shuttle Operators - transparency of contract should be implemented

since it allows the shuttle drivers to know the agreement between the university and
the shuttle operators.
46
Dasmariñas Campus
To the Commuters - considering the fact that the shuttle drivers earns a low amount
of income on their weekdays services, the researchers suggests that commuters should
be honest on paying and support them even more.
To the Future researchers - this study will serve as a reference in making another
research related to this topic. The researchers recommend them to look at another or
different perspective to add new results or findings and to further develop or fill the
gaps of this study.
47
Dasmariñas Campus
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CollegeGrad, (2019). Bus Drivers Career, Salary and Education Information.

Retrieved from https://collegegrad.com/careers/bus-drivers
Gonzales, S. (2013). Being A School Bus Driver Can Be Minimum Wage Work With Big
Responsibilities. Retrieved from https://stateimpact.npr.org/florida/2013/01/23/being-
a-school-bus-driver-can-be-minimum-wage-work-with-big-responsibilities/
Kagan, J. (2017). Household Expenses. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/

terms/h/householdexpenses.asp
Kaufman, D. (2017). How Universities Use Technology to Provide Safe Transportation.

Retrieved from https://www.metro-magazine.com/mobility/article/719895/how-
universities-use-technology-to-provide-safe-transportation
Kokemuller, N. (n.d). School Bus Driver Responsibilities. Retrieved from

https://work.chron.com/school-bus-driver-responsibilities-13698.html
Lubben, A. (2014). Drivers Demand a Union—And Some Sleep. Retrieved from
http://inthesetimes.com/working/entry/17252/facebook_shuttle_drivers_seeking_fair_
wages
Oxford Dictionary (2019). Transportation. Retrieved from

https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/transport
Production Transport, (2016). 5 Benefits of A Shuttle Service. Retrieved from

https://www.prodtrans.com/blog/shuttle-service/5-benefits-shuttle-service/
Reed, E. (2016). What’s Driving Cost of Living?. Retrieved from
https://www.glassdoor.com/research/whats-driving-cost-of-living/
48
Dasmariñas Campus
Schwartz, E. (2017). Super Shuttle Drivers Say They Face Tough Times Under Firm’s
Franchise System.Retrieved from
https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/supershuttle-drivers-say-they-face-tough-
times-under-firms-franchise-
system/2012/04/19/gIQAFbp9VT_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.40b51227e
278
Schwartz, S. (2012). An Overview of the Schwartz Theory of Basic Values. Retrieved

from https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1116&context=orpc
Smith, K. (n.d). Hotels Driving Bottom Line Profits by Outsourcing Hotel Shuttle
Services.Retrieved from https://kevinsmithgroup.com/hotels-driving-bottom-line-
profits-outsourcing-hotel-shuttle-services/amp/?__twitter_impression=true
Suttle, R. (2014). How Much Should a Shuttle Driver Get Paid?. Retrieved from
https://work.chron.com/much-should-shuttle-driver-paid-19003.html
Toor, W. and Havlick, S. (2004). Transportation and Sustainable Campus Communities:
Issues, Examples, Solutions. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248452764_Transportation_and_Sustainabl
e_Campus_Communities_Issues_Examples_Solutions_Will_Toor_and_Spenser_W_
Havlick
Victoria Transport Policy Institute, (2017). Transportation Cost and Benefit Analysis II
– Vehicle Costs. Retrieved from https://t.co/jaCC8gOAWK
49
Dasmariñas Campus
APPENDICES
50
Dasmariñas Campus
APPENDIX 1
VALIDATION LETTER
51
Dasmariñas Campus
April 22, 2019
Mr. JUSTINE MAR MINA

Research Coordinator
Research Department
Dear Mr. Justine Mar Mina,
A pleasant day!
We, the researchers from ABM 12 D – Ethiopia is presently proposing a study entitled,
“The Allocation of Profit Among Philippine Christian University Shuttle Drivers
on their Weekdays Services”. We would like to seek your permission to allow us to
conduct a research and interview 20 shuttle drivers of Philippine Christian University-
Dasmariñas Campus pertaining to our study that enables us to answer the main object
which is, “to know if the profit of PCU Shuttle Drivers is sufficient for their weekly
expenses on their weekdays services”. Rest assured that all the data gathered will be
strictly for research purposes only and will be kept confidential.
We are hoping for your kind consideration. Thank you and God bless!
Respectfuly yours,
The Researchers
Noted by:
Ms. Maurene Regine A. Reyes
Approved by:
Mr. Justine Mar Mina
52
Dasmariñas Campus
APPENDIX 2
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE
53
Dasmariñas Campus
Part I - Demographic Profile
Please complete the following demographic information. Note that all personal
information will be kept completely confidential and none of the responses you provide
will be connected to your name, civil status, or other identifying information.
Name: __________________________________ Age: ______
Civil Status: Single Married Separated Widowed
No. of family members you support _____ No. of children _____
Part II – Survey Questionnaire
Please indicate your answer with each of the questions regarding about our study.
Place a check mark (✓) on the choice of your answer.
QUESTIONS YES NO
1. Are you a full-time driver?
2. Are you the owner of the vehicle you drive?
3. How much do you earn weekly? ___P1,000 – P3,000

___P3,000 – P5,000
___P5,000 – P7,000
___P7,000 and above
4. Do you build a litte discretionay spending (for treats)

into your budget?
54
Dasmariñas Campus
5. Do you put a little bit of money aside for maintenance and repair?
6. When budgeting, do you over-estimate purchases to ensure you

have enough money?
7. Do you receive financial aid?
8. Do you have any work aside from being a shuttle driver?
9. Do you find it difficult to manage your weekly expenses?
10. How many hours do you have to work to pay for your weekly ___10 - 15
expenses? ___15 - 20
___20 - 25
___25hrs. and
above
11. How much money do you spend for food every week? ___P400 – P600
___P600 – P1000
___P1000 – P1500
___P1500 – P2000
___P2000 and
above
12. How much do you spend for fuel every week? ___P100 – P400
___P400 – P600
___P600 – P1000
___P1000 – P1500
___P1500 – P2000
13. If you have, how much do you spend for your children weekly ___P100 – P400
___P400 – P600
(allowances, transportation, etc.)?
P600 – P1000
___P1000 – P1500
___P1500 – P2000
55
Dasmariñas Campus
14. How much money do you spend for your leisure time? ___P100 – P400
___P400 – P600
___P600 – P1000
___P1000 – P1500
___P1500 – P2000
15. Where does most of your profit go? ___Food
___Allowance
___Utilities
___Fuel
___Maintenance and
Repair
16. Rank your priority when it comes to spending in the ___Food
following: (1 as the highest and 5 as the lowest). ___Allowance
___Utilities
___Fuel
___Maintenance and
Repair
17. Do you always try to save money? ___Always
___Often
___Sometimes
___Never
18. If so, how much can you actually save weekly? ___P100 – P400
___P400 – P600
___P600 – P1000
___P1000 – P1500
___P1500 – P2000
___P2000 and above
YES NO
19. Is your profit enough for your weekly expenses?
20. Does the university provide benefits for you?
Resources: ( barefootbudgeting.com )( Beth Morrisey . May 6, 2014)

(parsonsstudentsenate@newschool.edu.)
56
Dasmariñas Campus
APPENDIX 3
CURRICULUM VITAE
57
Dasmariñas Campus
BROBO, LYCA JANE SANDAGAN
Strand: Accountancy, Business and Management
(A.B.M.)
Section: 12 D – Ethiopia
E-mail Address:
Contact Number:
PERSONAL DETAILS
Age: 17
Sex: Female
Nationality: Filipino
Marital Status: Single
Date of Birth: June 13, 2001
Home Address: Blk 20 L9, Parklane Subdivision, Brgy. Santiago, Gen. Trias, Cavite
58
Dasmariñas Campus
CIFRA, JOSHUA ACE DE LEON
(A.B.M.)
E-mail Address: cifrajoshua@yahoo.com
Contact Number: 09165249673
PERSONAL DETAILS
Age: 22
Sex: Male
Date of Birth: February 7, 1997
Home Address: Blk 23 L14 Brgy. San Antonio De Padua 2, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
59
Dasmariñas Campus
GUBALANE, RONALINE CEBRERO
(A.B.M.)
E-mail Address: kyeoptarona@gmail.com
PERSONAL DETAILS
Age: 18
Sex: Female
Home Address: Blk 58 L17, Brgy. Sto. Cristo, Dasmariñas City, Cavite
60
Dasmariñas Campus
LANSANG, KATRINA ANDREA CRUZ
(A.B.M.)
E-mail Address: lansangkatrinaandrea@gmail.com
PERSONAL DETAILS
Age: 19
Sex: Female
Home Address: Blk 139 L3, Mary Cris Complex, General Trias, Cavite
61
Dasmariñas Campus
LISING, JULIA REBECCA GALLO
(A.B.M.)
E-mail Address: juliaxgallo@gmail.com
PERSONAL DETAILS
Age: 18
Sex: Female
Date of Birth: March 22, 2001
Home Address: Blk 9 L23, Washington Place, Brgy. Sampaloc, Dasmariñas, Cavite
62
Dasmariñas Campus
LOMATAO, RALPH BRIONES
(A.B.M.)
E-mail Address:
Contact Number:
PERSONAL DETAILS
Age: 18
Sex: Male
Date of Birth: May 26, 2001
Home Address: Blk 17 L48, Brgy. Malagasang 1-G, Imus City, Cavite
63
Dasmariñas Campus
LOPEZ, JENNIFER MONTEGRANDE
(A.B.M.)
E-mail Address: lopezjennifer1890@gmail.com
PERSONAL DETAILS
Age: 18
Sex: Female
Home Address: 194 P Montoya St. San Miguel 1, Silang, Cavite
64
Dasmariñas Campus
MARTIN, KRISHA BALLESTEROS
(A.B.M.)
E-mail Address:
Contact Number:
PERSONAL DETAILS
Age: 18
Sex: Female
Date of Birth: April 25, 2001
Home Address: 72 Batuhan Sampaloc IV, Dasmariñas, Cavite
65
Dasmariñas Campus
PADUA, CINDY PUNZALAN
(A.B.M.)
E-mail Address:
Contact Number:
PERSONAL DETAILS
Age: 19
Sex: Female
Home Address: #0655 Brgy. Santiago General Trias, Cavite
66

The Allocation of Profit of Selected Philippine Christian University - Dasmariñas Shuttle Drivers On Their Weekdays Services S.Y. 2018-2019

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

The Allocation of Profit of Selected Philippine Christian University - Dasmariñas Shuttle Drivers On Their Weekdays Services S.Y. 2018-2019

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Philippine Christian University

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

THE ALLOCATION OF PROFIT OF SELECTED PHILIPPINE CHRISTIAN

This study entitled “The Allocation of Profit Of Selected Philippine Christian

MAURENE REGINE A. REYES

Approved by the Committee on Final Oral Defense with a grade of _______

THESIS REVIEW PANEL

MAURENE REGINE A. REYES

MR. JUSTINE MAR F. MINA

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the course requirement in the subject,

DR. MARIO S. MECATE

Ms. Laurence Estrella, research teacher at Emillio Aguinaldo College- Cavite

To the researcher’s loving parents, for their moral encouragement, financial

The researchers aimed to determine and identify the Allocation of Profit of

APPROVAL SHEET ………………………………………………………….. ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT …………………………………………………….. iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ….…………………………………………….......... viii

Background of the Study …………………………………………………... 1

Statement of the Purpose ………………………………………………….. 4

Significance of the Study…………………………………………………... 5

Scope & Limitations of the Study ….……………………………………... 6

II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Review of Related Literature and Studies ...………………………………. 7

Conceptual Framework .……………………………………………………. 15

Definition of Terms ……………………………………………………….. 16

III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design …………………………………………………………… 17

Sample and Sampling Techniques Used ………………………………...... 17

Data Gathering Procedure …………………………………………. ……... 19

Statistical Analysis of the Data……………………………………………. 20

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION................................................................. 20

V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of the Findings ………………………………………………… 42

THE ALLOCATION OF PROFIT OF SELECTED PHILIPPINE CHRISTIAN

Brobo, Lyca Jane S.

Cifra, Joshua Ace D.

Lansang, Katrina Andrea C.

Lising, Julia Rebecca G.

Background of the Study

Transportation is the action of transporting someone or the method of being

On the other hand, Philippine Christian University – Dasmariñas Campus has no

STATEMENT OF THE PURPOSE

This research study is entitled “The Allocation of Profit of Selected Philippine

Moreover, the primary objective of this study is to know if their profit is

SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS STUDY

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERARURE

Public transportation provides mobility service and provides commuters a

of space in public transportations, it is inappropriate for some tasks. Security is also

The most obvious responsibility of faculty busman is to transport students to

In Florida, $17,380 (₱939,015.33) is the average profit of full-time school bus

According to the survey of Philippine Statistics Authority (2016), the survey

According to Allegretto (2009), “Basic family budget measurements are

According to Elliot (2013), “Costs of living depend so much on what the

Household Expenses such as Operating Expenses such as

 Allocation- how the PCU shuttle drivers manage their expenses.

The descriptive-correlational research method is used in gathering the needed

The study was conducted at Philippine Christian University - Dasmariñas

SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES USED

sampling as a sampling technique. This is to give the researchers a reliable response,

The researchers used a questionnaire type of instrument to answer their

Moreover, the researchers adapted and modified the questions from

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA

The researchers used four kinds of statistical treatment, the percentage

Frequency ÷ Total Respondents × 100%