Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Philippines
Summary:
researcher asked himself, should this be so? Consumption as one of components of the
study of economics examines how and why people choose and decide. In consideration of
the importance of ethics in consumption, this research raised the question whether people
as consumers consider ethical dimensions in using goods and services, and how income
constraints consumers from practicing ethical consumption. Using 400 respondents from
Tondo, Manila, clustered into three income classes: poor, middle and rich income classes,
the researcher has found out that income directly relates to their ethical consumption. In a
Body:
ecologically and socially conscious ethical consumer practices among the three income
b. Gender;
c. Educational attainment;
d. Income;
e. Nature of Work;
f. Religion; and
g. Ethnicity?
and rich?
consumer practices?
practices?
c. Science of economics?
Research Methodology: This study utilized descriptive-quantitative approach. This
research used random sampling of 400 respondents stratified into poor, middle and rich
income classes.
Findings:
are in the middle age ranging from 19-36 and 37-54. The age group 18 and below and 55
According to gender, there are more female (56.75%) than male (43.25%)
respondents.
finished higher education (college, master’s, doctorate and post-doctorate levels). The
According to income class, the respondents are almost fairly distributed into poor,
self-employed ranked second (27.75%). Skilled workers ranked third (20.75%), and
According to religion, the respondents are mostly Catholic (65%) and Christian
(32.25%). There are few Moslems and those with other beliefs.
According to ethnicity, Tagalogs comprised the greatest of the respondents (70%).
By age, the poor income class has more respondents who are younger (70.37%)
than the middle (55.63%) and the rich income class (43.18%).
By gender, majority of the respondents in all income classes are females (54% of
By educational attainment, when those with college, masters, doctorate and post-
doctorate degrees are combined, there are more highly educated in the rich (86%) than the
By nature of work, significant proportion of poor income class have either no work
By religion, all income classes have religious belief but great majority are Roman
Catholic (69.65% of poor, 75.94% of middle and 49.24 of rich income classes).
by the rich income class (5.26), followed by the middle income class (4.07). The poor
the rich income class (5.22), followed by the middle income class (4.18). The poor income
Practices
practices is greater than the critical or table value at 0.05 significance level (1.96) when
comparing the poor and middle income (3.768), the middle and rich income (12.82) and
Practices
practices is greater than the critical or table value at 0.05 significance level (1.96) when
comparing the poor and middle income (2.949), the middle and rich income (11.03) and
ethical standards. However, these standards are not accessible to all due to income
constraints.
Human Development
and to live lives according to what they value. Some are underprivileged to choose and
Science of Economics
Generally, consumers consider some ethical criteria of whats and hows of their
practices, as revealed by their age, gender, educational attainment, income class, nature of
While all respondents are expected to show ethical consciousness in their consumer
practices in general, higher income classes, nevertheless, have tendencies to become more
aware and concern due to their higher level of income, level of educational attainment and
increases with income. This means that ecologically-conscious ethical consumption is most
often practiced at the rich income class, and most seldom at the poor income class.
increases with income. This means that socially-conscious ethical consumption is most
often practiced at the rich income class, and most seldom at the poor income class.
E. Significant Difference in the Level of Ecologically-Conscious Ethical Consumer
Practices
ethical consumer practices among the poor and middle, the middle and rich and the poor
and rich income classes. Therefore, all the null hypotheses are rejected, and all the
Practices
consumer practices among the poor and middle, the middle and rich and the poor and rich
income classes. Therefore, all the null hypotheses are rejected, and all the alternative
must commit to having ethical consciousness that will guide their decision-making and life
choices. As this study reveals, this consciousness which reflects in consumer practices is
Poverty remains an issue even in the context of ethics and morality. For one to
become ethical consumer requires a price. Since poverty is hardly reduced, many are
deemed less ethical consumers because they are left choiceless and less capable of living
better lives. Therefore, when there is poverty, there impedes human development.
Science of Economics
This study enriches the analysis of consumption theory. This indicates that
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