Leco S 144dr

S-144DR
Dual Range Sulfur

Analyzer
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Software Version 1.3
Part Number 200-618
February 2004
Patents are Pending in U.S.A. and other countries
© 2004 LECO Corporation
Minor revisions may not be reflected in this manual.
LECO Corporation
3000 Lakeview Avenue • St. Joseph, MI 49085-2396
Phone: 269-983-5531 • Fax: 269-983-3850
info@leco.com • www.leco.com • ISO-9001 • No. FM 24045
LECO is a registered trademark of LECO Corporation.
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1–2 S-144DR Introduction

1 Introduction
Introduction
The Introduction chapter contains general information on the
S-144DR Dual Range Sulfur Analyzer including important safety
guidelines and warranty terms. Reference this chapter when looking
for replacement parts, operating supplies, or optional accessories. To
place an order by phone, please call our customer service department
toll-free in the United States at 1-800-292-6141 or 269-985-5496.
Orders may also be sent by fax to 269-982-8977.
1 Introduction
Illustrations .......................................................................1–7
Warranty...........................................................................1–8
Warning and Caution Symbols ............................................ 1–10
Navigational Buttons ......................................................... 1–11
Interference to Other Devices ............................................ 1–12
Declaration of Conformity .................................................. 1–13
Equipment Packages ......................................................... 1–14
Options ........................................................................... 1–15
Components and Accessories ............................................. 1–16
Specifications................................................................... 1–19
Definitions....................................................................... 1–22
2 Installation
Illustrations .......................................................................2–2
Analyzer Installation ...........................................................2–3
Heating Element Installation ................................................2–5
Combustion System Installation ...........................................2–9
Sliding Door and Combustion Shelf Installation ..................... 2–11
Reagent Tube Installation .................................................. 2–12
Gas Connections .............................................................. 2–13
Exhaust Tube Connections ................................................. 2–14
Computer Installation ....................................................... 2–15
USB Cable Installation....................................................... 2–17
Introduction S-144DR 1–3

Ground Strap Installation .................................................. 2–18
Software ......................................................................... 2–19
Setup Information ............................................................ 2–21
3 Option Installation
Illustrations .......................................................................3–2
Balance.............................................................................3–3
Printer ..............................................................................3–6
4 System Setup
Illustrations .......................................................................4–4
Controls and Indicators .......................................................4–5
Configure Balance Parameters ..............................................4–6
Data Transmission Parameters .............................................4–8
Set Furnace Temperature .................................................. 4–11
Calibrate Furnace Temperature........................................... 4–12
Software Overview ........................................................... 4–14
Spreadsheet .................................................................... 4–19
Menus............................................................................. 4–32
Using the On-Board Manual ............................................... 4–34
5 Operation
First Time Analysis..............................................................5–3
Methods .......................................................................... 5–10
Blanks ............................................................................ 5–16
Standards ....................................................................... 5–18
Calibration....................................................................... 5–22
Perform Analysis .............................................................. 5–28
Recalculate Results ........................................................... 5–30
User-Defined Field ............................................................ 5–31
View Sample Data ............................................................ 5–35
View IR Cell Data ............................................................. 5–37
Print Result Data .............................................................. 5–41
Print Display Options......................................................... 5–44
Transmit Data.................................................................. 5–48
Export Results ................................................................. 5–49

Validate Database ............................................................ 5–52
6 Maintenance
Illustrations .......................................................................6–2
Periodic Maintenance Schedule .............................................6–3
Adapter.............................................................................6–4
Disposable Particle Filters ....................................................6–5
Fan Filter ..........................................................................6–7
O-ring...............................................................................6–8
Reagent Tubes ...................................................................6–9
Computer System............................................................. 6–10
Printer ............................................................................ 6–11
7 Theory of Operation
Illustrations .......................................................................7–2
Theory of Operation ............................................................7–3
Infrared Radiation, Absorption, and Detection.........................7–4
Comparator Level ...............................................................7–5
Calibration Curves ..............................................................7–8
8 Diagnostics
Diagnostics........................................................................8–3
9 Electronic Adjustments
Illustrations .......................................................................9–2
Security Registration...........................................................9–3
Software Upgrade...............................................................9–4
IR Cells Adjustment ............................................................9–5
Oven Temperature Adjustment.............................................9–7
10 Service
Service Parts ................................................................... 10–3
USB/ISA Interface Card Installation .................................... 10–4
11 Illustrations
12 Schematics

Illustrations ..................................................................... 12-2
SC-144DR Family Cabinet Schematics Part List ..................... 12-3
13 Index

Illustrations
Figure 1-1 ......... S-144DR System ....................................... 1–21

Figure 2-1 ......... Facility Requirements ................................. 2–24
Figure 2-2 ......... Computer Hook-ups ................................... 2–25
Figure 2-3 ......... Wiring Diagram ......................................... 2–26
Figure 2-4 ......... Component Installation............................... 2–27
Figure 2-5 ......... Heating Elements....................................... 2–28
Figure 2-6 ......... Braided Cable Installation ........................... 2–29
Figure 2-7 ......... Combustion System Assembly ..................... 2–30
Figure 2-8 ......... Combustion System ................................... 2–31
Figure 2-9 ......... Sliding Door And Combustion Shelf .............. 2–32
Figure 2-10 ....... Reagent Tube Removal ............................... 2–33
Figure 2-11 ....... Reagent Tube Installation ........................... 2–33
Figure 3-1 ......... Balance Assembly ...................................... 3–7
Figure 3-2 ......... Balance Control Panel................................. 3–7
Figure 4-1 ......... Controls and Indicators............................... 4–52
Figure 4-2 ......... Furnace Temperature Adjustment ................ 4–53
Figure 4-3 ......... Dual Furnace Controller Card....................... 4–54
Figure 6-2 ......... Reagent Tube Removal ............................... 6–13
Figure 6-3 ......... Reagent Tubes .......................................... 6–13
Figure 7-1 ......... Analytical Flow Diagram.............................. 7–12
Figure 9-1 ......... Adjustment Locations ................................. 9–9
Figure 9-2 ......... Oven Heater Control Card ........................... 9–10
Figure 11-1 ....... Left Side View ........................................... 11-3
Figure 11-2 ....... Right Side View ......................................... 11-4
Figure 11-3 ....... 616-040 Inlet Gas Assembly........................ 11-5
Figure 11-4 ....... 606-616 High Sulfur IR Cell......................... 11-6
Figure 11-5 ....... 782-067 Low Sulfur IR Cell ......................... 11-7
Figure 11-6 ....... Vacuum Pump ........................................... 11-8
Figure 12-1 ....... 150-851 Cabinet Schematics—Page 1 of 3..... 12–4

Warranty
Equipment manufactured by LECO Corporation, St. Joseph,

Michigan is warranted free from defect in material and
workmanship for a period of six months from the date of
installation. Equipment not manufactured by LECO is covered to
the extent of warranty provided by the original manufacturer
and this warranty does not cover any equipment, new or used,
purchased from anyone other than LECO Corporation. All
replacement parts shall be covered under warranty for a period
of thirty days from date of purchase. LECO makes no other
representation or warranty of any other kind, expressed
or implied, with respect to the goods sold hereunder,
whether as to merchantability, fitness for purpose, or
otherwise.
Expendable items such as crucibles, combustion tubes,
chemicals, and items of like nature are not covered by this
warranty.
LECO's sole obligation under this warranty shall be to repair or
replace any part or parts which, to our satisfaction, prove to be
defective upon return prepaid to LECO Corporation, St. Joseph,
Michigan. This obligation does not include labor to install
replacement parts, nor does it cover any failure due to
accident, abuse, neglect, or use in disregard of instructions
furnished by LECO. In no event shall damages for defective
goods exceed the purchase price of the goods, and LECO shall
not be liable for incidental or consequential damages
whatsoever.
All claims in regard to the parts or equipment must be made
within ten (10) days after Purchaser learns of the facts upon
which the claim is based. Authorization must be obtained from
LECO prior to returning any other parts. This warranty is voided
by failure to comply with these notice requirements.

Notice
The warranty on LECO equipment remains valid only
when genuine LECO replacement parts are employed.
Since LECO has no control over the quality or purity of
consumable products not manufactured by LECO, the
specifications for accuracy of results using LECO instruments
are not guaranteed unless genuine LECO consumables are
employed in conjunction with LECO instruments. If purchaser
defaults in making payment for any parts or equipment, this
warranty shall be void and shall not apply to such parts and
equipment. No late payment or cure of default in payment shall
extend the warranty period provided herein.
LECO Corporation is not responsible for damage to any
associated instruments, equipment, or apparatus nor will LECO
be held liable for loss of profit or other special damages
resulting from abuse, neglect, or use in disregard of
instructions. The Buyer, their employees, agents, and
successors in interest assume all risks and liabilities for the
operation, use, and/or misuse of the product(s) described
herein and agree to indemnify, hold harmless, and defend the
seller from any and all claims and actions arising from any
cause whatsoever, including seller's negligence for personal
injury incurred in connection with the use of said product(s)
and any and all damages proximately resulting therefrom.
Caution
The instrument should be operated only by technically qualified
individuals who have fully read and understand these
instructions. The instrument should be operated only in
accordance with these instructions.
The operator should follow all of the warnings and cautions set
forth in the manual and the operator should follow and employ
all applicable standard laboratory safety procedures.
LECO is a registered trademark of LECO Corporation.

Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Excel is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Windows 2000 is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Windows 3.1 is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

Warning and Caution Symbols
The following symbols may be found on LECO equipment or

their components. These symbols indicate the use of specific
safety guidelines. Important safety information is highlighted in
this manual by one of the following symbols as well as
WARNING and CAUTION statements. Operator and service
personnel must follow these instructions for personal safety and
to prevent damage to the equipment.
WARNING This symbol indicates a risk of electrical shock.

Refer to the manual for specific instructions.
WARNING This symbol indicates a high temperature

surface. Refer to the manual for specific
instructions.
!
CAUTION This symbol indicates a caution. Refer to the
manual for specific instructions.
LECO equipment should be operated only by technically

qualified individuals who have fully read and understand the
instructions detailed in this manual. The equipment should be
operated only in accordance with these instructions.
The operator should follow all of the warnings and cautions set
forth in this manual and the operator should follow and employ
all applicable standard laboratory safety procedures.

Navigational Buttons
The following buttons may be found throughout the onboard

manual. These buttons indicate when additional information is
available. While in the topic, click the buttons to access the
information.
Definitions—Jumps to a list of definitions pertaining to the

current topic. Use the Back button to return to the topic.
Example—An example for the current topic will appear in a

pop-up screen. To close, click anywhere outside the pop-up
screen.
Illustration—Jumps to an illustration designed to give visual

assistance in the current topic. Use the Back button to return to
the topic.
View Screen—A screen shot will appear in a pop-up screen to

give visual assistance in the current topic. To close, click
anywhere outside the pop-up screen.
Related Topics—A dialog box will appear in a pop-up screen

showing other topics related to the current topic. To access
these topics, click on the topic.

Interference to Other Devices
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the
limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the
FCC Rules and Regulations. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a
residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instructions, may cause interference to
radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this
equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by turning the
equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct
the interference by one or more of the following methods:
• Reorient or relocate the radio or television receiving

antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and the

radio or television receiver.
• Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different

from that which the radio or television receiver is currently
connected.
• Consult the radio or television dealer or an experienced

radio/TV technician for help.

Declaration of Conformity

Equipment Packages
• Items listed below are repeated throughout this manual and

Notes are subject to revision. Please consult the packing slip
received with the instrument.
• For a complete listing of kits and packages, see

Components and Accessories List, page 1–16.
S-144DR Package
S-144DR Dual Range Sulfur Analyzer
1 606-000-300 S-144DR Dual Range Sulfur Analyzer
1 200-618 Instruction Manual
1 259-014 Software Kit
1 606-000-071 Component Pack
1 607-755* Hazardous Material Pack
1 616-079 Accessory Pack
1 618-798 USB Cable
1 620-804 Ground Strap
S-144DRPC Package
S-144DR Dual Range Sulfur Analyzer with Computer System
1 606-000-300 S-144DR Dual Range Sulfur Analyzer
1 200-618 Instruction Manual
1 259-014 Software Kit
1 606-000-071 Component Pack
1 607-755* Hazardous Material Pack
1 616-079 Accessory Pack
1 686-227-2GH PC Tower Assembly
1 701-557 15" Color Monitor
1 618-798 USB Cable
1 620-804 Ground Strap
* Packed and shipped separately in the U.S.A. Not included with international shipments due
to shipping restrictions. These items are essential for operation. Contact your local LECO
distributor for quotation and delivery.

Options
To place an order by phone, please call our customer service

department toll-free in the United States at 1-800-292-6141
or 269-985-5496. Orders may also be sent by fax to 269-982-
8977.
• For kit contents, refer to Components and Accessories List,

Notes beginning on page 1–16.
• Refer to Service Parts, page 10–3, for service items part

numbers.
529-204-250 Combustion Boat

620-630-110 DeskJet Printer Kit
620-632 Printer Cartridge
751-300-150 Balance Kit (4 place)
789-431 Accessory Pack

Components and Accessories
259-014 Software Kit

1 159-145-131 Software Pack
1 203-505-267 Registration Form
606-000-071 Component Pack

4 190-742 Screw
1 501-241 Vacuum Grease
2 606-298 Screw & Spacer Assembly
3 606-319 Lead Wire
8 606-320 Heating Element Clamp
1 606-321 Front Insulator (Lower)
1 606-323 Back Insulator
1 606-324 Shelf
1 606-601 Heating Element (4 sets)
1 608-898 Receptacle Cover
1 613-564 T-Clamp Tool Expansion
1 614-694 Combustion Shelf
1 616-015 Upper Door Guide
1 616-027 Bottom Guide
1 616-062 Combustion Door
1 616-068 O-ring
1 616-070 Inner Combustion Tube
1 616-084 Front Insulator (Upper)
1 616-086 Stepped Ceramic Stop
1 616-089 Outer Combustion Tube
1 618-798 USB Cable Assembly
1 620-804 Wire Connector
1 762-458 Connector
1 765-978 Receptacle (30A, 125/250V)
1 783-897 O-ring

607-755 Hazardous Material Pack*
1 501-171 Anhydrone 10-20 mesh (1 lb)

1 502-085 Zinc Sulfide Sample 30%
1 502-435 Coal Sulfur RM Standard 100%
1 503-032 Glass Accelerator Scoop
1 529-204 Combustion Boat
2 606-327 Reagent Tube
1 606-403 Collection Tube Brush
1 616-063 Boat Puller
2 616-068 O-ring
1 763-265 Glass Wool (0.50 lb)
2 772-520 O-ring
2 773-320 O-ring
2 783-897 O-ring
620-630-110 DeskJet Printer Kit

1 203-913 Paper
1 620-630 DeskJet Printer
1 700-689 Parallel Printer Cable
* Packed and shipped separately in the U.S.A. Not included with international shipments due
to shipping restrictions. These items are essential for operation. Contact your local LECO
distributor for quotation and delivery.

686-227-2GH PC Tower Kit
1 609-787 Component Pack
1 611-119 Receptacle Strip
1 618-980 Mouse Pad
1 686-994 PC Tower

1 501-081 Glass Wool (1 lb)
10 501-171 Anhydrone 10-20 (1 lb)
4 529-204-250 Combustion Boat
2 606-327 Reagent Tube
2 616-068 O-ring
2 616-070 Inner Combustion Tube
2 616-086 Ceramic Stepped Stop
2 616-089 Outer Combustion Tube
2 768-980 Tube Filter
2 772-520 O-ring
2 773-320 O-ring
2 783-897 O-ring

Specifications
Range (at 350 mg)* ........................... 5 ppm or 0.0005% to 26%

Precision ............................................ 1% RSD or ±2.5 ppm
(whichever is greater)
Readability......................................... 1 ppm
Calibration ......................................... Single-point; Multi-point
(linear, quadratic, cubic polynomial)
Analysis Time..................................... 90 seconds (nominal)
Sample Size ....................................... 350 mg for coal (nominal)
Balance Readability and Range........... 0.0001 to 120 g
Detection Method ............................... Infrared
Chemical Reagent .............................. Anhydrous Magnesium Perchlorate
Gas Required...................................... Oxygen, 99.5% pure, 40 psi (2.76 bars),
3.5 lpm (nominal)
Regulator ........................................... CGA-540, 0 to 125 psi, 7/8-inch Male RH
Furnace.............................................. 400o to 1450oC, 1350oC (nominal)
External PC (optional).......................... Pentium™ 333 MHz (min.)
256 MB RAM (min.)
2 GB Hard Drive (min.)
1 USB Port and 1 USB Port (min.)
Microsoft® Windows®2000
Monitor (optional)................................ 15 inch (38 cm) monitor
SVGA (min.)
Electrical Power Requirements
S-144DR.............................................. 230V~ (±10%), 50/60Hz,
12A (idle), 19A (max.)
Computer ............................................ 115/230V~ (±10%), 50/60Hz,
40W (typical), 220W (max.)
Monitor................................................ 90 to 264V~ (±10%), 50/60Hz,
110w (max.)
Balance ............................................... 120V~ (±10%), 60Hz, 16W (max.)
Printer................................................. 120V~ (±10%), 60Hz, 12W (max.)
* Saturation is dependent upon sample type and weight.

Dimensions
S-144DR
Height ................................................. 24.00 inches (61.0 cm)
Width .................................................. 21.50 inches (55.0 cm)
Depth.................................................. 22.00 inches (56.0 cm)
Weight ................................................ 150 pounds (68 kg)
Computer
Height ................................................. 17.00 inches (43.2 cm)
Width .................................................. 7.50 inches (19.0 cm)
Depth.................................................. 17.00 inches (43.2 cm)
Weight ................................................ 29 pounds (13.2 kg)
Monitor
Height ................................................. 14.50 inches (37.0 cm)
Width .................................................. 14.00 inches (35.6 cm)
Depth.................................................. 16.00 inches (40.6 cm)
Weight ................................................ 35 pounds (15.9 kg)
Total Shipping Weight ........................ 240 pounds (108 kg)

Figure 1-1
S-144DR System

Definitions
#—Shows the numeric sequence in which the sample was

added to the sample pane. An asterisk indicates the currently
selected sample. (Columns, page 4–22)
Add Sample—Creates a new entry in the sample pane.
(Using the Toolbar, page 4–30)
Analyze—Starts the analysis for the first unanalyzed sample.
(Using the Toolbar, page 4-30) page 4–30)
Baud Rate—Controls the number of bits per seconds being
transmitted. (Configure Balance Parameters, page 4–6,
Data Transmission Parameters, page 4–8)
Calibration—Allows the calibration parameters to be accessed
and configured. (Using the Toolbar, page 4–30)
Data Bits—A way of measuring the amount of data transmitted.
(Configure Balance Parameters, page 4–6,
Date—Displays the date the sample was analyzed. The date is
taken from the CPU system clock and cannot be manually
edited in the sample pane. The date and time can be set using
the Windows® control panel. (Columns, page 4–22)
Description—Displays any additional descriptions that have
been added to identify the sample. (Columns, page 4–22)
Diagnostics—Displays the current conditions of the cells.
Help—Access the onboard help topics. (Using the Toolbar, page
4–30)
High Sulfur Area—Displays the total milligrams of sulfur in the
sample as measured in the high sulfur cell before calibration.
(Columns, page 4–22)
High Sulfur—Displays the concentration of the sample as
measured by the high sulfur cell. (Columns, page 4–22)
High Sulfur Peak—Displays the peak voltage read by the high
sulfur cell. (Columns, page 4–22)
High Sulfur Time—Displays the amount of time the sample was
analyzed by the high sulfur cell. (Columns, page 4–22)
Low Sulfur—Displays the concentration of the sample as
measured by the low sulfur cell. (Columns, page 4–22)
Low Sulfur Area—Displays the total milligrams of sulfur in the
sample as measured in the low sulfur cell before calibration.

Low Sulfur Peak—Displays the peak voltage read by the low
sulfur cell. (Columns, page 4–22)
Low Sulfur Time—Displays the amount of time the sample was
analyzed by the low sulfur cell. (Columns, page 4–22)
Method—Allows the name of the method to be specified. The
method name can be selected from the available drop-down
list. (Columns, page 4–22)
Methods—Allows the method parameters to be accessed and
configured. (Using the Toolbar, page 4–30)
Moisture %—Allows the percentage of moisture in the sample
to be entered. The S-144DR system compensates for the
moisture vale by removing this percentage from the total
weight of the sample before calculating the analysis results.
Name—List the sample name. If running a standard, the
standard name can be selected from the available drop-down
list. (Columns, page 4–22)
Operator—Allows the name of the system operator to be
recorded. (Columns, page 4–22)
Parity—The way the computer checks that the information
being transmitted fits a specific code expression.
Port—Serial port to which the balance is connected.
Print—Allows the result data to be formatted and sent to a
printer. (Using the Toolbar, page 4–30)
Standards—Allows the standards parameters to be accessed
and configure. (Using the Toolbar, page 4–30)
Stop—Stops a running analysis. During an analysis, the stop
button is displayed in place of the analyze button.
Stop Bits—Controls the delays between bits of transmitting
data. (Configure Balance Parameters, page 4–6,
Sulfur—List the percentage of sulfur in the sample as
determined by the analysis. (Columns, page 4–22)
Sulfur Area—Displays the total measured milligrams of sulfur in
the sample before calibration. (Columns, page 4–22)
Sulfur Peak—Displays the peak voltage read by the sulfur cell.
Sulfur Time—Displays the amount of time the sample was
analyzed by the sulfur cell. (Columns, page 4–22)

Weight—Allows the total weight, in grams, of the sample to be
entered. (Columns, page 4–22)
What's This?—Accesses descriptive information about different
elements on the screen. To see information about a menu
command, toolbar button, or screen region, click the What's
This? button and then click the element in question.

2 Installation
n
I
s
lio
ta
The Installation chapter guides you through the hardware setup

and connection of the S-144DR Dual Range Sulfur Analyzer. For
software information, refer to System Setup, page 4–1.
Illustrations .......................................................................2–2
Analyzer Installation ...........................................................2–3
International Installation ................................................ 2–4
Heating Element Installation ................................................2–5
Combustion System Installation ...........................................2–9
Sliding Door and Combustion Shelf Installation ..................... 2–11
Reagent Tube Installation .................................................. 2–12
Gas Connections .............................................................. 2–13
Exhaust Tube Connections ................................................. 2–14
Computer Installation ....................................................... 2–15
Minimum Requirements ................................................ 2–16
USB Cable Installation....................................................... 2–17
Ground Strap Installation .................................................. 2–18
Software ......................................................................... 2–19
Installation ................................................................. 2–19
Start Up ..................................................................... 2–20
Setup Information ............................................................ 2–21
Import Setup .............................................................. 2–21
Export Setup .............................................................. 2–23
Installation S-144DR 2–1

Illustrations
Figure 2-1 ......... Facility Requirements ................................. 2–24

Figure 2-2 ......... Computer Hook-ups ................................... 2–25
Figure 2-3 ......... Wiring Diagram ......................................... 2–26
Figure 2-5 ......... Heating Elements....................................... 2–28
Figure 2-6 ......... Braided Cable Installation ........................... 2–29
Figure 2-7 ......... Combustion System Assembly ..................... 2–30
Figure 2-8 ......... Combustion System ................................... 2–31
Figure 2-9 ......... Sliding Door And Combustion Shelf .............. 2–32
Figure 2-10 ....... Reagent Tube Removal ............................... 2–33
Figure 2-11 ....... Reagent Tube Installation ........................... 2–33
2–2 S-144DR Installation

Analyzer Installation
WARNING HIGH VOLTAGE HAZARD

The analyzer operates from 230V~. Contact with
this voltage can be lethal. During installation, do
not apply power until instructed. Before servicing
this equipment, disconnect it from the electrical
power source.
1. Provide a solid and level work surface with convenient

electrical power and gas supplies. Refer to Specifications,
page 1–19, for power and gas supplies requirements.
2. Install the S-144DR as shown in Facility Requirements,
providing a minimum access space of six inches around
the analyzer (figure 2-1, page 2–24).
3. Connect the AC power cord to the power connector on the
rear of the analyzer (figure 2-1, page 2–24).
• A male plug and a female receptacle are supplied for the

Note power cord. If other types of connectors are used, follow
the wire diagram (figure 2-3, page 2–26).
4. Connect the other end of the AC power cord to facility

power.

International Installation
For international installation, a HAR approved line cord for use
in the end country must be obtained. This product requires a
disconnect device that may either be the plug of the power cord
or a disconnect device installed at the installation site if the
equipment is permanently wired.
When the plug on the power supply cord is intended to serve as
the disconnect device, the socket/outlet must be installed near
the equipment and shall be easily accessible. When the wiring
is permanently connected, a disconnect device (such as a
circuit breaker or switch) must be lockable, installed near the
equipment, and be easily accessible.

Heating Element Installation
This procedure describes how to install or replace the heating

elements.
WARNING ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD

To avoid electrical shock, make sure the
instrument is turned off and disconnected from
the facility power before starting this procedure.
WARNING HIGH TEMPERATURE HAZARD

To avoid burns, make sure the instrument is
cooled to room temperature before starting this
procedure.
!
CAUTION POSSIBLE HEATING ELEMENT DAMAGE
Silicon carbide heating elements are sensitive to
mechanical shock and have a relatively low
tensile strength. Elements should be handled
with care at all times to avoid breakage. Always
handle elements with one hand on each end.
!
CAUTION POSSIBLE HEATING ELEMENT DAMAGE
Heating elements are provided by LECO in
matched sets. Heating elements must be changed
in matched sets. Changing individual elements or
mixing old elements with new will significantly
reduce element life.

1. Turn the analyzer off and disconnect from facility power.
Allow sufficient time for it to cool to room temperature.

Disconnect the power cord from the facility
power source before continuing with this
procedure.

procedure.
2. Remove the right side panel.

3. Remove the front panel by unscrewing the three
thumbscrews holding the front panel and the two Phillips
screws holding the top of the panel.
4. Remove the purge tube (figure 2-4, page 2–27).
5. If the reagent tubes are installed, remove the left reagent
tube (figure 2-4, page 2–27).
A. Slide reagent tube upward until the bottom end can
swing free (figure 2-10, page 2–33).
B. Tilt out the free reagent tube end.
C. Pull the reagent tube downward off the top port.
6. Remove the adapter (figure 2-4, page 2–27).
7. Remove the adapter block assembly by unscrewing the
two thumbscrews (figure 2-4, page 2–27).
8. Remove the rear access panel by unscrewing the six
screws holding the panel (figure 2-4, page 2–27).
9. Remove the slot cover on top of the analyzer by
unscrewing the two screws holding it in place.
10. Insert the four heating elements in the four holes in the
furnace. The heating elements are properly positioned
when approximately 1/4 inch of the darker portion of each
rod is visible in front of the combustion area (figure 2-5,
page 2–28).

• Handle elements with extreme care during installation.
Note When placing heating elements into the furnace use a
straight (linear) motion and try to avoid contact with the
furnace wall and related parts. Avoid any unnecessary
stress on the elements and do not force the elements into
the terminal holes.
11. From the front of the furnace, curl one end of the braided
cable around the upper left heating element (figure 2-6,
page 2–29).
12. Using the clamp expansion tool, install a clamp onto the
heating element over the braided cable.
13. Curl the other end of the cable around the lower bottom
heating element and clamp it in place. The braided cable
must not be taut.
• The braided cables must have sufficient slack (1/2-inch flex)

Note to allow the elements to expand during use and the cables
must be routed to assure sufficient clearance of all nearby
components.
14. Repeat steps 11-13 for the right two heating elements.
15. From the back of the furnace, curl the free end of the left
braided cable, already connected to the instrument,
around the lower left heating element and clamp it in
place.
16. Curl the free end of the right braided cable, already
connected to the instrument, around the lower right
heating element and clamp it in place.
17. Curl one end of the remaining braided cable around the
upper left heating element and clamp it in place.
18. Curl the other end of the braided cable around the upper
right heating element and clamp it in place.
19. Set the lower front ceramic insulator into the slots
provided on the left and right of the furnace. Slide the
square down in place (figure 2-5, page 2–28).
20. Place the ceramic insulator with the notch on top of the
first square (figure 2-5, page 2–28).
21. Insert the back ceramic insulator through the slot in the
top of the instrument and into the slots provided on the
left and right sides of the furnace (figure 2-5, page 2–28).

22. Reinstall the rear access panel (figure 2-4, page 2–27).
23. Reinstall the cover to the slot located on top of the
instrument.
• Clamps should be replaced with every second or third

Notes heating element replacement or when they exhibit a loss of
tension.
• Braided cables should be replaced with every second or

third heating element replacement or when they exhibit
surface oxidation (light colored powder on surface), surface
bubbling, or brittle, damaged, or broken strands.
• Order the 606-601-110 Heating Element Replacement Kit

for replacement clamps, cables, and elements. Refer to
Options, page 1–15, for ordering information.

Combustion System Installation
This procedure describes how to install or replace the

combustion system.

To avoid electrical shock, make sure the
instrument is turned off and disconnected from
the facility power source before starting this
procedure.

procedure.
1. Remove the front flange and the compression flange from

the adapter block assembly (figure 2-7, page 2–30).
2. Place the inner combustion tube o-ring on the end of the
inner combustion tube and slide the o-ring back
approximately 1/4 inch (figure 2-7, page 2–30).
3. Install the inner combustion tube into the front of the
adapter block assembly (which has already been removed
from the instrument) until the o-ring prevents the tube
from going any further (figure 2-7, page 2–30).
• Be sure that the face of the front flange is flush with the
Note face of the inner combustion tube. If it is not, the
combustion tube will break when installed.
4. Set the adapter block assembly face down on the

workbench.
5. Insert the boat stop into the end of the inner combustion
tube (figure 2-7, page 2–30).
6. Place the outer combustion tube o-ring around the lip of
the outer combustion tube and slide the o-ring back
approximately 1/4 inch (figure 2-7, page 2–30).

7. Place the outer combustion tube over the boat stop and
inner combustion tube. The combustion tube is properly
positioned when the o-ring is centered on the flanged lip of
the adapter block (figure 2-7, page 2–30).
8. Slide the compression flange down the outer combustion
tube and lay it on the adapter block, counter-bored side
up. The compression flange should be positioned so the
flat edges are on the same side as the slots in the adapter
block (figure 2-7, page 2–30).
9. Secure the flange to the adapter block with the screws.
10. Place the entire assembly in the furnace and secure the
adapter block assembly with the two thumbscrews
(figure 2-8, page 2–31).

Sliding Door and Combustion Shelf Installation
1. Install the upper door guide by securing it to the outer

flange with the screws provided. Make sure that the notch
in the door guide is facing down (figure 2-8, page 2–31).
2. Reinstall the purge tube (figure 2-4, page 2–27).
3. Reinstall the front panel. Secure the two Phillips screws
located on the top of the instrument and the three
thumbscrews in the front of the instrument.
4. Position the sliding door in the upper door guide. While
holding the door in place, position the lower door guide.
Secure the lower door guide using the screw provided
5. Position the sliding door in the upper door guide. While
holding the door in place, position the lower door guide.
Secure the lower door guide using the screw provided.
Make sure the door slides back and forth freely. If the door
does not move freely, spread the guide plates apart.
A. Loosen the screws holding the top door guide,
pushing the door guide to the top of the unit, and
retightening the screws.
B. Loosen the screws holding the bottom door guide,
pushing the door guide towards the base of the unit,
and retightening the screws.
6. Reinstall the side panel.
7. Reinstall the adapter tube (figure 2-9, page 2–32).
8. Install the combustion shelf using the thumbscrews in
the stand on the front of the instrument (figure 2-9,
page 2–32).
9. Set the cooling plate on top of the combustion shelf.
• Adjust the combustion shelf so the sample boat easily slides

Note in and out of the combustion tube.

Reagent Tube Installation
1. Remove the reagent tubes (figure 2-10, page 2–33).

swing free.
2. Pack 1/2-inch of glass wool into the bottom of reagent
tubes.
3. Fill each reagent tube with 43/4 inches of anhydrone.
Leave a 3/4-inch space at the top of each reagent tube
4. Reinstall the reagent tubes.

Gas Connections
1. Install the connector to the regulator on the oxygen gas

supply.
2. Connect the other end of the OXY IN fitting to the back of
the instrument (figure 2-1, page 2–24).

Exhaust Tube Connections
1. Install an exhaust tube to the back of the instrument

2. Vent the exhaust tube outside the work area.
• LECO recommends installing an exhaust tube leading to a

Note vent outside the work area.

Computer Installation
An IBM compatible personal computer (PC) and monitor are

required to control the instrument and are included in the
equipment package. If the computer system is not supplied by
LECO, the computer used must meet the minimum requirements,
page 2–16, for additional information.
!
CAUTION POSSIBLE SOFTWARE ERROR
Do not turn the analyzer on until the C-144
software and the USB/ISA interface card have
been installed and the USB cable and ground
strap have been connected.
1. Unpack the computer and monitor.

2. Install the computer system on a level surface near the
analyzer (figure 2-1, page 2–24).
3. Install the monitor.
A. Connect the power cube, supplied with the monitor,
to the power input jack on the rear of the monitor.
Refer to the manual supplied with the monitor for
additional information.
B. Connect the data cable, supplied with the monitor, to
the monitor connector on the rear of the computer.
4. Install the computer tower (figure 2-2, page 2–25).
A. Locate the USB cable (universal serial bus) and
connect it to the USB connector on the rear of the
computer. Connect the other end to the USB
connector on the rear of the instrument.
B. Locate the keyboard, supplied with the computer, and
set it in front of the monitor. Connect the keyboard
cable to the keyboard connector on the rear of the
computer.
C. Locate the mouse, supplied with the computer, and
set it next to the keyboard. Connect the mouse cable
to the mouse connector on the rear of the computer.
The mouse pad should be positioned under the
mouse.

5. Install the printer if available. For printer part number and
ordering information, refer to Options, page 1–15, for
A. Connect the power cube, supplied with the printer to
the power input jack on the rear of the printer. Refer
to the manual supplied with the printer for additional
information.
B. Connect the printer cable to the connector on the rear
of the printer. Connect the other end of the printer
cable to the printer (parallel) connector on the rear of
the computer.
C. Refer to the manual supplied with the printer and
install the ink cartridges in the printer.
6. Connect the computer, monitor, and printer to facility
power.
• It is strongly recommended to use a surge protector when

Note installing the computer system.
7. Turn the computer, monitor, and printer on and wait for

the Operating System to load.
8. Align the ink cartridges. Refer to the manual supplied with
the printer for the alignment instructions.
9. Click the S-144DR icon and follow the registration
instructions that appear on the display. Make sure the
applications program has loaded and the program appears
on the display before continuing. The software should be
pre-installed. If not, install software.
Minimum Requirements
• CPU—Pentium™ 333MHz
• RAM—256 MB
• Operating System—Windows®2000
• Hardware—USB Driver and 1 USB Port
• Hard Drive—2 GB
• Video—800 x 600 pixels, A LCD Flat Panel Display is

recommended

USB Cable Installation
!
Do not turn the analyzer on until the S-144DR
software, page 2–19, and the USB interface card,
page 10–4, have been installed and the USB cable,
page 2–17, and ground strap, page 2–18
have been connected.

power source.
1. Turn the computer and analyzer off and disconnect from

facility power.
2. Locate the USB cable (universal serial bus) and plug one
end to the USB connector on the rear of the computer.
3. Plug the other end to the USB connector on the rear of the
instrument into the USB/ISA interface card, page 10–4.
Refer to figure 11-1, page 11-3, for additional information.

Ground Strap Installation
!

power source.
1. Turn the computer and analyzer off and disconnect from

facility power.

Disconnect the power cord from the facility
power source before continuing with this
procedure.
2. Remove the second screw and washer from the right along
the bottom of the instrument back panel. Leave the
washer on the screw.
3. Slide one end of the ground strap onto the screw.
4. Reinstall the screw and washer with the ground strap into
the back panel.
5. Connect the other end of the ground strap to the back of
the computer tower.
A. Unscrew either the serial or print port connector.
B. Slide the ring lug on the free end of the ground strap
onto the screw.
C. Reinstall the screws and connector removed in 5A.

Software
The S-144DR software can be loaded once the hardware

components have been properly set up. The Windows®
operating system and S-144DR software is initially installed by
LECO. Use this procedure to install the S-144DR software when
a PC is not purchased from LECO.
A major portion of the analyzer's functions are defined and
controlled by a software program. Periodically, software version
updates that enhance operation are available from LECO. An
identification system for program changes called 'Program
Version' is used in the S-144DR Analyzer and other LECO
instruments. For software update of the program, refer to
Software Upgrades.
A three-digit number identifies program version levels. The first
generation of a program is version '1.00'. Each time a program
is changed, the version number is increased.
• A Security Registration Number, page 9–3, needs to be

Note entered after a software upgrade has been installed. If the
system is new, a LECO technician has already entered the
registration number.
Installation
1. With the computer on, place the software update disk in
the floppy disk drive (typically A:)
2. Click the Start button in the lower left-hand corner.
3. Click Run. The Microsoft™ Install Wizard is accessed.
4. Read the selections and follow the prompts displayed by
the Install Wizard to install the S-144DR program. Click
the Next button to move through the prompts.
• Be sure the file destination displayed by the Install Wizard is

Note C:\Program Files\LECO\S-144DR.
5. After clicking the Finish button on the last prompt

displayed by the Install Wizard, the computer
automatically installs the new version of the software and
the necessary files. This procedure also replaces old
version of the S-144DR application.

• Refer to Security Registration, page 9–3, for additional
Note information.
Start Up
1. Turn the computer and monitor On.
2. From the Start menu, click Programs.
3. Select the LECO S-144DR folder containing the
S-144DR programs.

Setup Information
LECO provides a Setup Information disk containing the furnace

calibration for the instrument and a calibrated method. The
setup disk should be used to initially set up the S-144DR
system. Typically, the information on the setup disk will not be
used again after the initial setup.
Import Setup
The import setup information feature can be used to import
setup information from another file or disk into the S-144DR
software.
• New methods can be created and existing methods can be

Notes edited using the Method Setup dialog box. For additional
information, refer to Create a Method, page 5–10.
• A furnace calibration can be done using the Furnace

Calibration dialog box. For additional information, refer to
Calibrate Furnace Temperature, page 4–12.
1. With the computer on, place the setup information disk in

the floppy disk drive (typically A:).
2. From the Tools menu, click Import Setup Information.
The system automatically checks the A: drive for the setup
information disk.
A. If the setup information disk is not found, a system
prompt is displayed. Check that the setup information
disk is inserted in the computer's disk drive and click
Retry.

B. Selecting Cancel from this prompt displays the Open
dialog box that allows setup information to be loaded
from another file.
3. Locate and select the file. Click Open. The system loads
the setup information into the S-144DR software.

Export Setup
The S-144DR allows setup information to be exported to a disk
or alternate file location.
1. From the Tools menu, click Export Setup Information.
The system automatically checks the A: drive for the setup
information disk.
A. If the setup information disk is not found, a system
prompt is displayed. Check that the setup information
disk is inserted in the computer's disk drive and click
Retry.
B. To export to another location, click Cancel at this

prompt to display the Save As dialog box. Select the
location where the setup information is to be saved.
2. The system exports the setup information to the disk.

REGULATOR
KEYBOARD
MOUSE
H/P PRINTER
(OPTIONAL)
OXYGEN
TANK
TO POWER
SOURCE
OXYGEN
CONNECTOR
EXHAUST
ANALYZER
J101
MEASURE ALARM
EXHAUST RELAY
COMPUTER
(OPTIONAL) MONITOR
REAR ACCESS
(OPTIONAL)
PANEL
BALANCE
(OPTIONAL)
40 PSI
2.76 BAR
OXYGEN INLET
WARNING
High Voltage
RESET To avo id elect ric sh ock, dis conn ect the linecord be fore servici ng.
OXYGEN OVEN FAN

OVEN HEATER
INLET
TO POWER TO POWER
TO POWER
SOURCE SOURCE
USB SOURCE
TO POWER CABLE BALANCE
SOURCE INTERFACE
CABLE
• Refer to figure 2-2, page 2–25, for additional computer

Note hook-up information.
Figure 2-1
Facility Requirements

MONITOR
(VIDEO PORT)
MOUSE
(SERIAL PORT)
KEYBOARD
(SERIAL PORT)
PRINTER
(USB PORT)
ANALYZER
(USB PORT)
BALANCE
(COM1 PORT)
COM2 PORT
Figure 2-2
Computer Hook-ups

DETERMINATOR
POWER CORD
POWER BLACK
220 VAC
NEUTRAL WHITE
0 VAC
GROUND GREEN
CHASSIS
(CABINET)
GROUND
220 VAC 3 WIRE WIRING DIAGRAM

(INTERNATIONAL)
765-768 PLUG WHITE
WHITE T
POWER Y Y
115 VAC GREEN
GROUND G G GREEN G RED *
W
230 VAC 115 VAC BLACK
POWER X X
RED X
W W
BLACK
CHASSIS
(CABINET)
GROUND
765-978 RECEPTACLE
* RED WIRE IS CUT OFF INSIDE THE UNIT AND IS NON-FUNCTIONAL
230 VAC 3 WIRE WIRING DIAGRAM (U.S.A.)
Figure 2-3
Wiring Diagram

614-687
REAR ACCESS
PANEL
616-051
PURGE TUBE
616-035
ADAPTER
BLOCK
ASSEMBLY
606-316
ADAPTER
606-327
REAGENT
TUBE
(2-REQ'D)
Figure 2-4
Component Installation

606-323
REAR CERAMIC
INSULATOR
616-084
TOP FRONT
CERAMIC
INSULATOR
606-321
LOWER FRONT
CERAMIC
INSULATOR
606-601
HEATING
ELEMENTS
(4/SET)
Figure 2-5
Heating Elements

CLAMP
HEATING
ELEMENT CABLE
CABLE
HEATING
ELEMENT
CLAMP
EXPANSION
TOOL
BRAIDED
CABLE
(2 REQUIRED)
0.125 TYP
USE FOUR CLAMPS

TO SECURE CABLES TO ELEMENTS
BRAIDED
CABLE
BRAIDED
CABLE
WITH CLIP
(2 REQUIRED)
STANDOFF
(2 REQUIRED)
Figure 2-6
Braided Cable Installation

616-012
FRONT FLANGE
616-068
INNER COMBUSTION
TUBE O-RING
616-070
INNER COMBUSTION
606-307 TUBE
FITTING
616-035
ADAPTER BLOCK
ASSEMBLY
616-013
COMPRESSION
FLANGE
616-086
BOAT STOP
783-897
OUTER COMBUSTION
TUBE O-RING
FLAT SIDES
TOWARD SLOTS
REAR VIEW OF
ADAPTER BLOCK
616-089
OUTER COMBUSTION
TUBE
616-013
COMPRESSION
FLANGE
190-742
SCREW
(8 REQ'D)
Figure 2-7
Combustion System Assembly

616-009
SLOT COVER
616-051
PURGE TUBE
616-015 COMBUSTION
UPPER DOOR SYSTEM
GUIDE ASSEMBLY
606-298
THUMBSCREW
AND SPACER
(2 REQ’D)
Figure 2-8
Combustion System

616-062
SLIDING
DOOR
ASSEMBLY
606-324
SHELF
616-027
LOWER DOOR
GUIDE
614-694
COMBUSTION
SHELF 606-316
ADAPTER
Figure 2-9
Sliding Door And Combustion Shelf

TUBE
Figure 2-10
Reagent Tube Removal
773-320
O-RING
(2 REQ'D)
606-327
REAGENT TUBE
(2 REQ'D)
501-171
ANHYDRONE
(4 3/4 IN.)
501-081
GLASS WOOL
(1/2 IN.)
772-520
O-RING
(2 REQ'D)
Figure 2-11
Reagent Tube Installation

3 Option Installation
O
p
tio
n
I
ta
s
lio
n
The Option Installation chapter gives information about and

explains how to install optional accessories and kit packages.
Illustrations .......................................................................3–2
Balance.............................................................................3–3
Balance Installation ....................................................... 3–3
Reset Balance ............................................................... 3–4
Set Data Output Parameters ........................................... 3–5
Printer ..............................................................................3–6
Option Installation S-144DR 3–1

Illustrations
Figure 3-1 ......... Balance Assembly ...................................... 3–7

Figure 3-2 ......... Balance Control Panel................................. 3–7
3–2 S-144DR Option Installation

Balance
The S-144DR is capable of being interfaced to an electronic

balance so that sample weights may be electronically
transferred. The optional balance offered is the Sartorius®
AC121S. Refer to Options, page 1–15, for part number and
ordering information.
Balance Installation
1. Unpack the balance and assemble as shown in the balance
operation manual.
2. Plug the AC adapter, supplied with the balance, into facility
power. Connect the AC adapter cable to the power input
jack on the rear of the balance.
3. Adjust the balance feet to level the balance. The level
bubble, located on the rear of the balance, should be
inside the circle when the balance is level.
4. Locate the balance connector on the rear panel of the
analyzer and connect one end of the balance interface
cable to the balance port (figure 2-1, page 2–24).
5. Connect the other end of the balance interface cable to the
rear of the balance.

Reset Balance
The balance must be activated in the Windows software to
properly accept the balance's data. Refer to page 4–6,
Configure Balance Parameters, for activation information. The electronic
balance has its own setup menu. The serial communications are
preset. Refer to the balance manual should any of these
parameters need to be changed or reset.
1. Remove the hole plug on the lower front right corner of
the balance and move the menu access switch to the right
2. Turn the power on to the balance by pushing the Power On
button. As soon as all the segments on the display light
up, push the Tare button. The display will blank for a few
seconds and then display the menu code settings
3. Press F1 to display 9 in the left digit.
4. Press F2 (Print) to skip the center digit.
5. Press F1 to display 1 as the right digit.
6. Press Tare.
7. Press Clear Function (CF).
8. Turn the power off to the balance.

Set Data Output Parameters
Configure the balance by setting the Data Output Parameter to
"Print at Request on Stability" code 613 using the following
procedure.
1. Turn the power on to the balance by pushing the Power
On button. As soon as all segments on the display light,
push the Tare button. The display will blank for a few
seconds and then display the menu code settings
2. Press F1 to display 6 in the left digit.
3. Press F2 (Print) to display the center digit.
4. Press F1 to display 1 in the center digit.
5. Press F2 (Print) to display the right digit.
6. Press F1 to display 3 in the right digit.
7. Press Tare.
8. Press Clear Function (CF).
9. Reposition the menu access switch to the left and reinstall
the hole plug (figure 3-1, page 3–7).

Printer
The S-144DR is designed to directly interface with the DeskJet

printer offered by LECO. Although other printers may work,
LECO does not recommend nor support these printers.
• For part number and ordering information, refer to Options,

Notes page 1–15.
• The printer cable should be connected to the parallel printer

port on the rear of the computer. Refer to the Facility
Requirements (figure 2-1, page 2–24) for the location of the
printer port.

MENU ACCESS
SWITCH
HOLE PLUG
Figure 3-1
Balance Assembly
TOGGLE
POWER ON
INFORMATION
CLEAR I/O F1
FUNCTION TARE
CF i
TARE TARE PRINT
F2
Figure 3-2
Balance Control Panel

4 System Setup
S
s
y
m
teS
tu
e
p
The System Setup chapter explains how to set the operating

parameters for a specific application or set of applications. These
procedures should be done before any samples are analyzed for
the first time per application.
About the Examples

The numbers used for the screen examples in this manual are only
to illustrate operation and may or may not be applicable to specific
procedures.
Illustrations .......................................................................4–4
Controls and Indicators .......................................................4–5
Configure Balance Parameters ..............................................4–6
Balance Definitions ........................................................ 4–7
Data Transmission Parameters .............................................4–8
Data Transmit Definitions ............................................. 4–10
Set Furnace Temperature .................................................. 4–11
Calibrate Furnace Temperature........................................... 4–12
Software Overview ........................................................... 4–14
Main Window .............................................................. 4–14
Executing Commands................................................... 4–15
Using the Mouse.......................................................... 4–15
Using Dialog Boxes ...................................................... 4–16
Dialog Box Features ................................................ 4–17
Using Help.................................................................. 4–18
Spreadsheet .................................................................... 4–19
Sample Pane............................................................... 4–19
Samples..................................................................... 4–20
Add a Sample ........................................................ 4–20
Delete a Sample ..................................................... 4–20
Entering Text .............................................................. 4–21
Columns..................................................................... 4–22
Resize Columns ...................................................... 4–23
System Setup S-144DR 4–1

User-Defined Fields................................................. 4–23
Columns Definitions ................................................ 4–24
Format Columns ..................................................... 4–26
Format Codes ........................................................ 4–28
Using the Status Bar .................................................... 4–29
Using the Toolbar ........................................................ 4–30
Toolbar Buttons Definitions ...................................... 4–30
Menu References .................................................... 4–31
Sample Menu .................................................... 4–31
Tools Menu ....................................................... 4–31
Help Menu ........................................................ 4–31
Menus............................................................................. 4–32
Samples Menu ............................................................ 4–32
Edit Menu ................................................................... 4–32
View Menu.................................................................. 4–33
Tools Menu ................................................................. 4–33
Help Menu .................................................................. 4–33
Using the On-Board Manual ............................................... 4–34
Access On-Board Manual .............................................. 4–35
Navigation Pane .......................................................... 4–36
Navigation Pane Tabs .............................................. 4–36
Hide/Show............................................................. 4–36
Customize the On-Board Manual .................................... 4–37
Resize................................................................... 4–37
Proportionately Change Size..................................... 4–37
Change Height/Width .............................................. 4–37
Reposition ............................................................. 4–37
Topics........................................................................ 4–38
Find a Topic ........................................................... 4–38
Contents .......................................................... 4–38
Index............................................................... 4–38
Search ............................................................. 4–38
Find Topics Using Toolbar Buttons ............................. 4–39
Copy a Topic .......................................................... 4–39
Print a Topic .......................................................... 4–40
Favorite Topics List ................................................. 4–41
4–2 S-144DR System Setup

Searches .................................................................... 4–42
Defining Search Terms ............................................ 4–42
Search for Topics.................................................... 4–43
Basic Rules ....................................................... 4–43
Search for Words or Phrases .................................... 4–43
Search for Words in Titles ........................................ 4–44
Highlight Words in Topics......................................... 4–44
Find Words Similar to Search Term ........................... 4–45
Full-Text Search ..................................................... 4–46
Advanced Full-Text Search....................................... 4–46
Nested Expressions ................................................. 4–47
Basic Rules ....................................................... 4–47
Previous Results Search........................................... 4–48
Shortcuts ................................................................... 4–49
Shortcut Keys ........................................................ 4–49
On-Board Manual............................................... 4–49
Contents Tab .................................................... 4–50
Search Tab ....................................................... 4–50
Favorites Tab .................................................... 4–50
Shortcut Menu Commands ....................................... 4–51

Illustrations
Figure 4-1 ......... Controls and Indicators............................... 4–52

Figure 4-2 ......... Furnace Temperature Adjustment ................ 4–53
Figure 4-3 ......... Dual Furnace Controller Card....................... 4–54

Controls and Indicators
• Refer to figure 4-1, page 4–52, for addition information.

Note
Circuit Breaker—Switches power on and off to the

determinator. Also acts as a circuit breaker on the incoming
facility line power.
Reagent Tubes—Purifies incoming and outgoing gas by
removing moisture.
Purge Flow Flowmeter—Measures the purge flow in lpm (liters
per minute).
Measure Flow Flowmeter—Measures the pneumatic flow in lpm
(liters per minute).
Printer (not shown)—The printer is used to print out analysis
data, information presented on the display, and buffer or
screen plots.

Configure Balance Parameters
In order to obtain accurate and reliable data, the balance and

the computer software should communicate with each other.
The software should accept the data codes being transmitted by
the balance. The software allows the operator to set the
transmitting code used by the balance in the software options.
• The codes used to transmit data from the balance can be

Notes found in the documentation received with the balance.
• Make sure the balance and analyzer are configured the

same. If the balance and analyzer are configured differently,
no weights may be transferred to the analyzer.
1. Turn the analyzer on.

2. Turn the balance on.
3. From the Tools menu, click Options. The Balance Options
dialog box is displayed.
4. Set the Balance Options. Refer to Balance Definitions,

A. From the Baud pull-down menu, select the baud
rate. The baud rate controls the number of bits per
seconds being transmitted. The recommended
selection is 1200.

B. From the Parity pull-down menu, select Odd, Even,
or None. Parity is the way the computer checks that
the information being transmitted fits a specific code
expression. The recommended selection is Even.
C. From the Data Bits pull-down menu, select the
number of bits that can be transmitted from the
balance. Data Bits are a way of measuring the
amount of data transmitted. The recommended
selection is 7.
D. From the Stop Bits pull-down menu, select the
number of bits that control the delays between
transmitting data. The recommended selection is 1.
E. From the Port pull-down menu, select the computer
serial port to which the balance is connected. The
recommended selection is COM1.
Balance Definitions
transmitted.
Selections: Odd, Even, or None.
data.

Data Transmission Parameters
Data collected using the S-144DR can be transmitted for use in

other applications, instruments, printer, etc. The S-144DR
allows transmission parameters to be entered so the data can
be sent in a format that the receiving application understands.
1. Turn the analyzer On.
2. Turn the balance On.
3. From the Tools menu, click Select Options. The Balance
Options dialog box is displayed.
4. Click Data Transmit Setup tab. The Data Transmit Setup


5. Select format.
A. Clicking Delete button removes the currently
selected format from the list.
B. Click Add button. The Format Name dialog box is
displayed. Several formats can be configured to
correspond with different types of applications that
will be accepting the data.
C. Enter a name for the data transmission setup.

6. Select serial port.
A. Select the computer port to be used for transmission.
After the port is specified, the parameters for
transmitting the data need to be set up. The S-144DR
software needs to be setup to send the data code
accepted by the receiving application.
B. Click Setup button to access serial port. The Port
Configuration dialog box is displayed.
• Refer to Data Transmit Definitions, page 4–10, for

Notes additional information.
• Be sure that the transmission settings entered in the

software match the transmission settings of the receiving
application.

1) Select the number of Stop Bits by clicking the
radial button to the left of the number. The
recommended selection is 1.
2) From the Baud pull-down menu, select the baud
rate. The baud rate controls the number of bits
per seconds being transmitted. The
recommended selection is 9600.
3) Select the Data Bits by clicking the radial button
to the left of the number. The recommended
selection is 8.
4) Select Parity by clicking the radial button to the
left of the choice. The recommended selection is
None.
5) Select Flow Control by clicking the radial button
to the left of the choice. The recommended
selection is None.
7. Automation—If the result data should automatically be
transmitted after each analysis, click in the check box to
the left of After Each Analysis. A check indicates that
automatic transmission is activated.
8. Transmit Format—Pressing the Preview button allows the
user to view the result data in Transmit Format window.
The fields displayed in this window can be edited to include
or excluded any of the available data fields in the Available
Function field.
9. Available Functions—The result data that is available for
transmission is listed in the Available Functions field.
10. When finished, click OK to accept changes and exit. Click
Apply to accept the changes and continue making other
changes. Click Cancel to exit without making changes.
Data Transmit Definitions

transmitted.
Selections: Odd, Even, or None.
data.

Set Furnace Temperature
The furnace temperature is controlled by the dual furnace

control II card. Establishing the furnace temperature involves
setting the furnace temperature, the over-temperature, and the
furnace current.
• Start with a cold furnace.

Note
1. From the Tools menu, click Diagnostics. The Diagnostics

2. Turn the furnace on by setting the furnace temperature

set point between 1200oC and 1400oC (figure 4-2,
page 4–53).
3. While the furnace temperature is rising, adjust R2 on the
dual furnace controller card until 17 amps is read in the
Furnace Limit field on the diagnostics dialog box
4. Adjust R3 on the dual furnace controller card until the
over-temperature field reads 1500oC in the Diagnostics
dialog box (figure 4-2, page 4–54).

Calibrate Furnace Temperature
The furnace temperature should be calibrated before running

any samples. During the furnace calibration, the system
develops an equation to correct for any differences found
between the actual furnace temperatures and the set point
temperatures.
• A calibrated S-type thermocouple is needed to complete this

Note procedure.
A low temperature and a high temperature should be selected

for calibration. LECO recommends 1000oC as the low
temperature and 1350oC as the high temperature. The
calibration temperatures are added to the Calibrate Furnace
dialog box as the furnace reaches those temperatures. The
furnace temperatures can be monitored by watching the Raw
Temperature and Raw Set Point values in the Furnace
Calibration dialog box.
1. From the Tools menu, click Calibrate Furnace. The
Furnace Calibration dialog box is displayed.
2. Set the furnace to the low calibration temperature. Refer

to Set Furnace Temperature, page 4–11, for additional
information.
• Any previous calibrations that have been saved are still

Note listed in the dialog box.
3. Slide the thermocouple in until it hits the boat stop. The

thermocouple should rest on the boat stop in order to
register the furnace temperature.

4. When the furnace reaches the set temperature, click the
Add button. The temperatures and set point values are
automatically entered using the readings taken by the
software.
5. Manually enter the thermocouple reading into the
Thermocouple Reading box. Use the reading on the
external thermocouple.
• The Remove button deletes the currently selected

Notes temperatures.
• The Calibrate button can be used to calibrate any

temperatures that have been added to the dialog box.
Pressing the Calibrate button does not save the calibration
values, it only updates the values displayed in the Furnace
Calibration dialog box. The calibration values are saved
when the OK button is pressed.
6. Set the furnace to the high calibration temperature. Refer

to Set Furnace Temperature, page 4–11 for additional
information.
7. When the furnace reaches the set temperature, click the
Add button. The temperatures and set point values are
automatically entered using the readings taken by the
software.
8. Manually enter the thermocouple reading into the
Thermocouple Reading box. Use the reading on the
external thermocouple.
• The S-144DR allows the calibrating of other temperatures.

Note
9. Remove the thermocouple from the boat stop.

The thermocouple will be hot. Use extreme
caution when removing the thermocouple from
the boat stop.

Software Overview
Before operating the S-144DR software, it is necessary to be

comfortable with the Microsoft® Windows® operating system.
Main Window
The S-144DR main window displays the toolbar and menu
commands used to calibrate and run an analysis. The S-144DR
main window also displays the sample data collected during the
analysis and the status bar used to monitor the current
condition of the program.

Executing Commands
There are several different ways to execute the commands and
routines in the S-144DR software: menu commands, shortcut
keys, and mouse-activated buttons.
Menu Commands—Are activated by selecting the menu with the
mouse and then clicking the command on that menu.
Shortcut Keys—These are keyboard keys used to activate the
command. No clicking with the mouse is needed when using
shortcut keys.
Keyboard Key Combinations—Used to activate a menu and
execute a command. The underlined letter in the menu
command indicates the letter on the keyboard that is used to
activate the command.
• Pressing the ALT key and the S key opens the Samples
Example menu, then pressing the A key executes the Analyze
command.
Mouse-Activated Buttons—Such as the toolbar buttons, are also

used to execute commands. Clicking on these buttons with the
left mouse button activates the command. Refer to
Using the Mouse, page 4–15, for additional information.
Using the Mouse

Any instructions that indicate to click a button or select
(highlight) text refer to clicking the left mouse button. It will be
explicitly stated if keyboard keys or clicking the right mouse
button (right-click) is necessary.
Shortcut menus are available to provide quick access to some
commonly used commands. To open a shortcut menu, click the
right mouse button on an object. To close the menu without
making a selection, click outside of the menu or press the ESC
key on the keyboard.

Using Dialog Boxes
Dialog boxes are displayed when the system needs additional
information to execute a command.
• Refer to Dialog Box Features, page 4–17, for additional

Note information.

Dialog Box Features
Tabs—Used to provide easy access to related options. Click the
tab to display additional options.
Drop-Down List Boxes—Displays a list of available options. Click
the arrow next to the box to display the list.
Check Boxes—Allows the user to enable or disable system
options. A check mark indicates that the option is selected.
Click the check box to enable or disable to options. Check
boxes are square.
Radial Button—Allows the user to enable or disable system
options. A check mark indicates that the option is selected.
Click the radial box to enable or disable to options. Radial boxes
are round.
Text Boxes—Requires the entry of text to fill the field. Click in
an empty field to display a cursor and begin typing.
Command Buttons—Cause an action to occur.
• The OK button saves entries in the dialog box and may use
the entries to perform a function.
• The Cancel button closes the dialog box without saving the
entries or performing the function.
• The Apply button saves and activates the entries in the

dialog box but does not exit.
• The Help button access the Help system.

Scroll Bars—Allow the viewing of options in a list, or
increase/decease numeric values. Click the arrows to view
additional options in the list or increase/decrease values.

Using Help
The S-144DR includes an Onboard Help system designed to
help answer questions while you are using the program.
Information explaining menu commands, dialog boxes, terms,
definitions, how to perform various tasks, etc. is available by
pressing the F1 key, clicking the Help button on the toolbar, or
by selecting the Help Topics from the Help menu. Refer to
Using the On-board Manual, page 4–34, for additional
information.
Pressing the Shift and F1 keys, clicking the What's This? button
on the toolbar, or clicking the What's This? command from the
Help menu changes the cursor to a question mark. Clicking on
an item in the program with the question mark cursor accesses
Help information about that item.
Clicking the question mark located in the upper right corner of
a dialog box ( ) also changes the cursor to a question mark
allowing help to be accessed for any part of the dialog box.
• Click on the Question mark. The cursor has a question mark

Example next to it.
• Click on the Print button. A pop-up window is displayed with

information about the Print button.

Spreadsheet
The S-144DR software allows the operator to configure the

spreadsheet for a specific application or the operator's
preference. It also provides instructions for navigation and
explanations for usage.
Sample Pane
The sample pane spreadsheet grid records and tracks data for
individual samples. Listing the sample data in a spreadsheet
grid allows for greater versatility in entering and displaying the
sample data.
• The next sample to be analyzed is in blue.

Notes
• An asterisk indicates the currently selected sample.

Samples
Selecting samples in the sample pane and then selecting the
Add Sample or Delete Sample command from the samples
menu can add and delete samples.
• Several samples can be selected by dragging the mouse

Notes over the desired samples rows or by clicking the desired
sample rows while holding the CTRL key on the keyboard.
• A range of samples can also be selected by clicking on the

first sample of the range, holding the Shift key, and then
selecting the last sample to be included in the range.
Add a Sample
1. Select a sample by clicking on the sample number to
highlight the entire sample row.
2. From the Samples menu, click Add Sample. The sample
is added.
Delete a Sample
1. Select a sample by clicking on the sample number to
highlight the entire sample row.
2. From the Samples menu, click Delete Sample. A
confirmation pop-up window is displayed.
3. Click Yes to delete or No to cancel.

Entering Text
Text can be entered and replaced right in the sample pane,
making any additional steps for entering data unnecessary.
Clicking once on text in the spreadsheet grid activates replace
mode. In replace mode, text is replaced by typing something
new.
Double clicking on the text activates edit mode. In edit mode, a
cursor is displayed to indicate where text will be entered or
edited as you type.
Sample types and method names can be entered by selecting
them from the drop-down list or typing in the names. Double
clicking on these fields or clicking once on the arrow displays
the drop-down list so an entry can be selected.
• Columns that have been generated by the system and

Note contain analysis results cannot be edited.

Columns
The columns that are displayed in the sample pane can be
selected and organized by clicking the Columns command on
the View menu and accessing the Columns dialog box.
Select the columns to display in the sample pane by using the
Add and Remove buttons to create a list of desired column
titles in the Displayed Columns field. The C-144 stores the data
for all of the columns listed in both the Available Columns and
Displayed Columns fields, but only shows the data for the
columns listed in the Displayed Columns field. Refer to
Column Definitions, page 4–24, for additional information.
Columns can also be locked in place in the sample pane to
prevent them from scrolling out of view. The number entered in
the Locked Columns field indicates the number of fields that
stay visible when using the scroll bars to move through the
sample pane.
• If Name is the first column displayed in the sample pane

Example and number 1 is entered in the Locked Columns field, the
Name column is always visible.
Move Up/Move Down buttons—Moves the column titles up or

down respectively within the list of displayed columns, which
determine the order of columns, from left to right in the
spreadsheet.
Reset button—Returns the list of displayed columns to a default
organization.

Resize Columns
Columns can be sized for easy viewing and organization of the
sample data. The grid cells can be resized by selecting one side
of the column title frame and dragging the frame to the desired
size. Double clicking on the divider line between the columns
sizes the column to the largest entry.
User-Defined Fields
Whenever a user-defined field is added, page 4–23, a column
matching the user-defined field name is displayed at the right
of the spreadsheet.
The user-defined fields can be formatted. Refer to
Format Columns, page 4–26, for additional information.
If the user-defined field is needed for previously analyzed
samples, the results can be recalculated for the new user-
defined field. Refer to Recalculate Results, page 5–30, for

Columns Definitions
#—Shows the numeric sequence in which the sample was
added to the sample pane. An asterisk indicates the currently
selected sample.
Name—List the sample name. If running a standard, the
standard name can be selected from the available drop-down
list.
Description—Displays any additional descriptions that have
been added to identify the sample.
Method—Allows the name of the method to be specified. The
method name can be selected from the available drop-down
list.
Weight—Allows the total weight, in grams, of the sample to be
entered.
Sulfur—List the percentage of sulfur in the sample as
determined by the analysis.
Moisture %—Allows the percentage of moisture in the sample
to be entered. The S-144DR system compensates for the
moisture value by removing this percentage from the total
weight of the sample before calculating the analysis results.
Operator—Allows the name of the system operator to be
recorded.
Date—Displays the date the sample was analyzed. The date is
taken from the CPU system clock and cannot be manually
edited in the sample pane. The date and time can be set using
the Windows® control panel.
Sulfur Area—Displays the total measured milligrams of sulfur in
the sample before calibration.
Sulfur Peak—Displays the peak voltage read by the sulfur cell.
Sulfur Time—Displays the amount of time the sample was
analyzed by the sulfur cell.
Low Sulfur—Displays the concentration of the sample as
measured by the low sulfur cell.
High Sulfur—Displays the concentration of the sample as
measured by the high sulfur cell.
Low Sulfur Peak—Displays the peak voltage read by the low
sulfur cell.
Low Sulfur Area—Displays the total milligrams of sulfur in the
sample as measured in the low sulfur cell before calibration.
Low Sulfur Time—Displays the amount of time the sample was
analyzed by the low sulfur cell.
High Sulfur Peak—Displays the peak voltage read by the high
sulfur cell.

High Sulfur Area—Displays the total milligrams of sulfur in the
sample as measured in the high sulfur cell before calibration.
High Sulfur Time—Displays the amount of time the sample was
analyzed by the high sulfur cell.
Analysis Time—The length of time for the selected sample to be
analyzed.

Format Columns
Format Columns lets the user specify the type of unit to be
used when displaying the result data and where the unit should
be displayed on the sample pane.
1. From the View menu, click Columns. The Columns dialog
box is displayed.
2. Click Format tab. The Format dialog box is displayed.
A. Display Columns—Select the column to format by

clicking on the column title (header).

B. Unit—Select the unit value from the drop-down list.
The unit placement on the sample pane can be
specified by clicking on a Unit Display Option. The
unit can be displayed in the column title (header),
with the result value, or in a separate column in the
sample pane.
C. Unit Display Options—Only activated when a sulfur
column is selected.
D. Numeric—The numeric format of the result data can
be specified by entering a formatting code. Refer to
Format Codes, page 4–28, for additional information.
E. Font—Allows the user to select the font, font style,
style, point size, color, effects and script.
3. Click the OK button to save the changes and exit.
• Clicking the Cancel Button closes the dialog box without

Note saving the changes. Clicking the Apply button saves and
activates the changes but does not exit. Clicking the Help
button accesses the Help system.

Format Codes
The numeric format of the result data can be specified by
entering a formatting code. The following types of codes can be
used to format the data output results.
Picture Format Code—Indicates the decimal and comma
placement.
Format Code #,###.##
Translation 2,333.24
Scientific Notation Format—Indicates the number of figures

shown.
Format Code S4
Translation 3.432+002
Scientific Figures Format—Indicates the number of figures to be

shown, other than zero.
Format Code F3
Translation 124000000
Format Code F4
Translation 0.00023

Using the Status Bar
If desired, the status bar can be turned off or on. The status
bar, located at the bottom of the screen, will show operational
functions of the instrument as they are currently in progress.
From the View menu, click Status Bar. A check indicates the
status bar is displayed.

Using the Toolbar
The toolbar, located at the top of the screen, is a quick way to
perform nine menu functions without accessing the menus. The
toolbar can be turned off or on. Refer to Toolbar Definitions,
From the View menu, click Toolbar. A check indicates the

toolbar is displayed.
Toolbar Buttons Definitions

Help—Access the onboard help topics.
Add Sample—Creates a new entry in the sample pane.
Analyze—Starts the analysis for the first unanalyzed sample.
Stop—Stops a running analysis. During an analysis, the stop
button is displayed in place of the analyze button.
Methods—Allows the method parameters to be accessed and
configured.
Standards—Allows the standards parameters to be accessed
and configured.
Print—Allows the result data to be formatted and sent to a
printer.
Diagnostics—Displays the current instrument conditions.
Calibration—Allows the calibration parameters to be accessed
and configured.
What's This?—Accesses descriptive information about different
elements on the screen. To see information about a menu
command, toolbar button, or screen region, click the What's
This? button and then click the element in question.

Menu References
The following table provides the corresponding menu locations
of the toolbar buttons.
Sample Menu
F3 Add Sample
F4 Analyze
F7 Print
Tools Menu
F5 Methods
F6 Standards
F8 Diagnostics
F9 Calibrate
Help Menu
F1 Help
F10 What's This?

Menus
The following are the choices on the Menu bar in the software.
Clicking on any of these will open another set of menu choices.
Samples Menu
Add—Creates a new entry in the sample pane.
Delete—Delete a sample removes a selected sample, with
sample data, from the spreadsheet.
Analyze—Displays the sample login screen to login and analyze
a sample or standard.
Recalculate—After an analysis is complete, recalculate results
can be used adjust the results based on a new calibration,
blank, or sample weight.
Properties—Displays the sample property including name,
description, method, operator, moisture, and weight.
Print—The print command accesses the Report Settings dialog
box to print selected sample results on the system printer.
Print Preview—The print preview command accesses the Report
Settings dialog box to preview how selected samples would
print on the system printer.
Transmit—Transmits the selected analyzed samples, with a
data format, to a host computer.
Export—Used to export sample data to another storage location
such as a floppy diskette.
Exit—Used to exit the software application program and return
to the Windows® Operating System.
Edit Menu
Copy—Used to copy data from an entire row in the spreadsheet
to the clipboard.
Paste—Used to paste data from the clipboard to a selected row
in the spreadsheet.

View Menu
Toolbar—Toggles the toolbar off or on.
Status Bar—Toggles the status bar off or on.
Columns—Accesses the Columns dialog box. Refer to Columns,
Tools Menu
Methods—Used to create a method for analysis. Refer to
Methods, page 5-10, for additional information.
Standards—Used to enter standards into the calibration
standards list. Refer to Standards, page 5-18, for additional
information.
Options—Accesses the Options dialog box. Refer to either
Configure Balance Parameter, page 4–6, or
Data Transmission Parameters, page 4–8, for additional information.
Diagnostics—Accesses the Diagnostics dialog box. Refer to
Diagnostics, page 8-3, for additional information.
Set Blank—Used to automatically calculate and set the Blank at
1 gram values for the samples selected in the sample grid.
Refer to Blank, page 5–16, for additional information.
Calibrate—Sets the accuracy of the instrument to that of known
calibration standard samples.
Calibrate Furnace—Sets the accuracy of the Furnace Calibration
dialog box. Refer to Calibrate Furnace Temperature, page 4–11,
for additional information.
Export Setup Information—Used to export sample data to
another storage location like a floppy disk.
Import Setup Information—Used to import sample data from
another software application.
Validate Database—Used to recover missing database
information. Validating the database ensures that any item
referenced by another item is included in the database.
Select Language—Permits the user to select the language of the
software. The on-board manual will remain in English.
Help Menu
Help Topics—Accesses the on-board instruction manual.
What's This?—Provides additional information about an item
when available.
About—Contains information about the software version
number, and the computer and registration numbers.

Using the On-Board Manual
The on-board manual is designed to assist the operator in

setting up, operating, and maintaining the instrument. This
section will assist in the using of the on-board manual.
On the left side of the screen is the Navigation pane. It contains

the navigational tabs. Refer to Navigation Pane, page 4–36, for
On the right side of the screen is the Topic pane. It displays the
selected topic, or the default topic. At the top is the toolbar,
which is located below the screen title bar.

Access On-Board Manual
There are three ways to access the on-board manual.
1. From the Help menu, click Information and Help. The
on-board manual is displayed.
2. From the toolbar, click F1 Info button. The on-board
manual is displayed.
3. From the keyboard, press the F1 key. The on-board
manual is displayed.

Navigation Pane
On the left side of the screen is the Navigation pane. It contains
the navigational tabs such as the Contents, Index, Search, and
Favorites tabs. The Navigation pane can also be hidden from
view.
Navigation Pane Tabs

Contents—The table of contents is an expandable list of
important topics for the on-board manual. By clicking on a
closed book or the plus sign to the left of the book ( ), the
closed book will open and show additional books and/or topics
( ). Clicking on an open book or the negative sign to the left
of an open book ( ) will close the book and hide the topics
for that book.
Index—By entering a word, a list of topics related to that
keyword is displayed. To display a topic, highlight the topic and
click Display.
Search—By entering a word or words, the topics containing that
word or words are displayed. By checking on of the boxes at
the bottom of the search menu, you can search previous
results, match similar words, and search titles only.
Favorites—If there are topics that are used frequently, it is
suggested to add them to Favorites. With the topic open, click
Add. The topic will then be added to Favorites. To display a
favorite topic, highlight the topic and click Display. To remove
a favorite topic, highlight the topic and click Remove. The topic
will still be available just no longer displayed in the Favorites
list.
Hide/Show
On the toolbar, click Hide or Show to close or display the
Navigation pane.
• If the on-board manual is closed with the Navigation pane

Note hidden, it will appear that way when you open the on-board
manual again.

Customize the On-Board Manual
The on-board manual will appear with the last size and position
settings you specified when it is opened again. There are a few
ways to easily change the size and position of the on-board
manual and the panes in the viewer.
Resize
To resize the Navigation or Topic pane, point to the divider
between the two panes. When the pointer changes to a double-
headed arrow, drag the divider right or left.
Proportionately Change Size

To proportionately shrink or enlarge the whole on-board
manual, point to any corner of the on-board manual. When the
pointer changes to a double-headed arrow, drag the corner.
Change Height/Width
To change the height or width of the on-board manual, point to
the top, bottom, left, or right edge of the on-board manual.
When the pointer changes to a double-headed arrow, drag the
edge.
Reposition
To reposition the on-board manual on your screen, click the
title bar and drag the Viewer to a new position.

Topics
The on-board manual is composed of numerous topics. Each
topic contains information designated to a particular area or
process.
Find a Topic
Click the contents entry or search results entry to display the
corresponding topic. In the Navigation pane, click one of the
following tabs.
Contents
To browse through the table of contents, click the Contents tab.
The table of contents is an expandable list of important topics.
Index
To locate a topic related to a word contained in the on-board
manual, click the Index tab then type the word.
Search
To locate every occurrence of a word or phrase that may be
contained in the on-board manual, click the Search tab then
type the word.

Find Topics Using Toolbar Buttons
There are navigational buttons that can be located on the
toolbar in the on-board manual. These buttons can be used to
find topics.
Hide—When clicked, the left pane expands or collapses while
topics appear in the right pane.
Back—When clicked, it displays the last topic viewed.
Forward—When clicked, it displays the next topic in a
previously displayed sequence of topics.
Home—When clicked, it displays the Home page for the on-
board manual.
Print—When clicked, it activates printing function.
Options—When clicked, it opens a menu listing options.
LECO—When clicked, it opens the LECO web page providing the
computer has the Internet connection.
Copy a Topic
1. In the Topic pane, right-click the topic you want to copy
then click Select All.
• If you want to copy only part of a topic, select the text you
Note want to copy, right-click, and then click Copy.
2. Right-click again then click Copy. This copies the topic to

the Clipboard.
3. Switch to the document where the information will be
added.
4. Position your cursor where the information should appear.
5. From the Edit menu, click Paste.

Print a Topic
1. Find the topic to print.
2. Current topic
A. Right-click in the topic. A menu is displayed.
B. Click Print. The Print dialog box is displayed.
C. Click Print. The topic will be printed.

3. Topic in table of contents.
A. Right-click in the topic.
B. Click Print. The Print Topics dialog box is displayed.
1) Print The Selected Topic—Will print only the

selected topic.
2) Print The Selected Heading And All
Subheadings—Will print the selected heading and
all topics within that heading.

C. Click OK. The Print dialog box is displayed.
D. Click OK. The topic will be printed.
Favorite Topics List

1. Find the topic to add to the favorites list.
2. Click the Favorites tab, and then click Add.
3. To return to a favorite topic, click the Favorites tab,
select the topic, and then click Display.
4. To rename a topic, select the topic then type a new name
in the Current Topic box.
5. To remove a favorite topic, select the topic then click
Remove.

Searches
There are many different ways to perform searches within the
on-board manual. This section explains how to utilize the
search capabilities.
Defining Search Terms

The AND, OR, NOT, and NEAR operators enable you to precisely
define your search by creating a relationship between search
terms. The following table shows how each of these operators
can be used. If no operator is specified, AND is used.
• The query "spacing border printing" is equivalent to

Example "spacing AND border AND printing."
Search For Example Results

Both terms in the same topic analyze AND blank Topics containing both the words
"analyze" and "blank."
Either term in a topic sample OR standard Topics containing either the word
"sample" or the word "blank" or both.
The first term without the standard NOT sample Topics containing the word "standard,"
second term but not the word "sample."
Both terms in the same user NEAR password Topics containing the word "user" within
topic, close together eight words of the word "password."
• The |, &, and ! characters do not work as boolean operators

Note (only use OR, AND, and NOT).

Search for Topics
A basic search consists of the word or phrase you want to find.
You can use wildcard expressions, nested expressions, boolean
operators, similar word matches, a previous results list, or topic
titles to further define your search.
Basic Rules
The basic rules for formulating queries are as follows.
1. Searches are not case-sensitive.
2. Any combination of letters (a to z) and numbers (0 to 9)
can be used.
3. Punctuation marks such as the period, colon, semicolon,
comma, and hyphen are ignored during a search.
4. Group the elements of the search using double quotes or
parentheses to set apart each element. You cannot search
for quotation marks.
Search for Words or Phrases

You can search for words or phrases using wildcard
expressions. Wildcard expressions allow you to search for one
or more characters using a question mark or asterisk. The table
below describes the results of these different kinds of searches.
Search for Example Results

A single word select Topics that contain the word "select." (You will also find its
grammatical variations, such as "selector" and "selection.")
A phrase "new operator" Topics that contain the literal phrase "new operator" and all its
or grammatical variations.
new operator Without the quotation marks, the query is equivalent to specifying
"new AND operator," which will find topics containing both of the
individual words, instead of the phrase.
Wildcard ESC* Topics that contain the terms "ESC," "escape," "escalation," and so
expressions or on. The asterisk cannot be the only character in the term.
80?86 Topics that contain the terms "80186," "80286," "80386," and so
on. The question mark cannot be the only character in the term.
• Select the Match Similar Words check box to include minor

Note grammatical variations in the search phrase.

Search for Words in Titles
• If you use this option, all topic files will be searched

Note including those that are not listed in the table of contents.
1. Click the Search tab.

2. Type the word or phrase to search for then select the
Search Titles Only check box.
3. Click List Topics, select the topic you want, then click
Display.
Highlight Words in Topics

When searching for words in topics, each occurrence of the
word or phrase can be highlighted in the topics that are found.
1. To highlight all instances of a search word or phrase, click
Options on the toolbar then click Search Highlight On.
2. To turn off this option, click Options on the toolbar then
click Search Highlight Off.
• If you are viewing a long topic, only the first 500 instances
Notes of a search word or phrase will be highlighted.
• This feature only works with Internet Explorer 4.0 or later.

Find Words Similar to Search Term
This feature enables you to include minor grammatical
variations in the search phrase.
• A search on the word "add" will find "add," "adds," and

Example "added." This feature only locates variations of the word
with common suffixes. The search on the word "add" will
find "added" but not "additive."
1. Click the Search tab, type the word or phrase you want to
find, and then select the Match Similar Words check
box.
2. Click List Topics, select the topic you want, and then click
Display.

Full-Text Search
2. Type the word or phrase to search for.
Display.
Advanced Full-Text Search

2. Type the word or phrase to search for.
3. Click to add Boolean operators to your search.
4. Click List Topics, select the topic you want, and then click
Display.
5. To sort the topic list, click the Title, Location, or Rank
column heading.
• A search can be precisely defined by using wildcard

Notes expressions, nested expressions, and Boolean operators.
• A search can include similar word matches, only the topic

titles, or the results of a previous search.
• A search can be set to highlight all instances of search

terms that are found in topic files.

Nested Expressions
Nested expressions allow you to create complex searches for
information.
• "Control AND ((active OR dde) NEAR screen)" finds topics

Example containing the word "control" along with the words "active"
and "screen" close together, or containing "control" along
with the words "dde" and "screen" close together.
Basic Rules
The basic rules for searching topics using nested expressions
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1. You can use parentheses to nest expressions within a
query. The expressions in parentheses are evaluated
before the rest of the query.
2. If a query does not contain a nested expression, it is
evaluated from left to right.
• "Control NOT active OR dde" finds topics containing the

Example word "control" without the word "active," or topics
containing the word "dde." On the other hand, "control NOT
(active OR dde)" finds topics containing the word "control"
without either of the words "active" or "dde."
3. You cannot nest expressions more than five levels deep.

Previous Results Search
When a search results in too many topics found, this feature is
used to narrow the search to the results list from a previous
search.
2. Select the Search Previous Results check box.
Display.
• To search through all of the topics in the on-board manual,

Notes this check box must be cleared.
• If the on-board manual is closed with the Search tab open

and this check box selected, it will appear that way when
you open the on-board manual again.

Shortcuts
There are both shortcut keys and shortcut menu commands
that can be used in the on-board manual. This section gives a
detailed explanation to the different ways and areas in which
these shortcuts are used.
Shortcut Keys
The following keyboard shortcuts can be used for navigation in
the on-board manual. There are different shortcut keys for
different areas: the on-board manual, the Contents tab, the
Search tab, and the Favorites tab.
• There are also shortcut menu commands that can be

Notes accessed through the keyboard.
• Shortcut keys also work in secondary and pop-up screens.
• Every time you use a shortcut key in the Navigation pane,

you lose focus in the Topic pane. To return to the Topic
pane, press F6.
On-Board Manual
To Press
Close the on-board manual. ALT + F4
Switch between the on-board manual and other open screens. ALT + Tab
Display the Options menu. ALT + O
Change Microsoft Internet Explorer settings. ALT + O then press I
The Internet Options dialog box contains accessibility settings.
To change these settings click the General tab then click Accessibility.
Hide or show the Navigation pane. ALT + O then press T
Print a topic. ALT + O then press P
or right-click in the topic
Move back to the previous topic. ALT + Left Arrow,
or ALT + O then press B
Move forward to the next topic ALT + right arrow or
(provided you have viewed it just previously). ALT+O then press F
Turn on or off search highlighting. ALT + O then press O
Refresh the topic that is displayed in the Topic pane. F5 or
(This is useful if you have linked to a Web page.) ALT + O then press R
Return to the home page. ALT + O and then press H
Stop the viewer from opening a page. ALT + O and then press S
(This is also useful if you are linking to the Web
and want to stop a page from downloading)
Jump to the LECO Web pages. ALT + O then press 1
Switch between the Navigation pane and the Topic pane. F6
Scroll through a topic. Up Arrow and Down Arrow or
Page Up and Page Down
Scroll through all the links in a topic or Tab
through all the options on a Navigation pane tab.

Contents Tab
To Press
Display the Contents tab ALT + C
Open and close a book or folder Plus Sign and Minus Sign or Left Arrow and Right Arrow
Select a topic Down Arrow and Up Arrow
Display the selected topic Enter
Search Tab
To Press
Display the Search tab. ALT + S
Type a keyword to search. ALT + W then type the word
Start a search. ALT + L
Select a topic in the results list. ALT + T then Up Arrow and Down Arrow
Display the selected topic. ALT + D
Search for a keyword in the results list of a prior search. ALT + U
Search for words similar to the keyword. ALT + M
Example: Find words like "running" and "runs"
for the keyword "run."
Only search through topic titles. ALT + R
• If the Match Similar Words check box was used in the last
Note search, it will still be selected.
Favorites Tab
To Press
Display the Favorites tab. ALT + I
Add the currently displayed topic to the Favorites list. ALT + A
Select a topic in the Favorites list. ALT + P then Up Arrow and Down Arrow
Display the selected topic. ALT + D
Remove the selected topic from the list. ALT + R

Shortcut Menu Commands
There are several commands on the shortcut menu that can be
used to display and customize information.
Command Description
Right-click in the table of contents Opens all books or folders in the table of contents. This command
then click Open All. only works if the Contents tab is displayed.
Right-click in the table of contents Closes all books or folders. This command only works if the Contents
then click Close All. tab is displayed.
Right-click then click Print. Prints the topic.
Right-click in the table of contents Opens the Customize Information Wizard, which allows you to
then click Customize customize the documentation. If the help file was built with
information types, you can use this wizard to select a subset of topics
to view.
For example, you could choose to see only overview topics.
• These commands can be accessed through the keyboard.

Note Click SHIFT+F10 to display the shortcut menu then click
the appropriate shortcut keys.

COMBUSTION
SHELF
765-537
PURGE FLOW
FLOWMETER
778-494
MEASURE FLOW
FLOWMETER
606-327
REAGENT TUBES
(2 REQ’D)
614-523
CIRCUIT BREAKER
Figure 4-1
Controls and Indicators

666-121-110
DUAL FURNACE
CONTROLLER
CARD ASSEMBLY
POTENTIOMETER
SET POINT
Figure 4-2
Furnace Temperature Adjustment

R2
R3
666-121-110
R1 R2 R3 DUAL FURNACE
TB1
CONTROLLER II
C3 CARD
U2
C2
R4
U1 R5
R10
R11
R12
U3
C1
R6
J121 C4 C7
C5
J121A
R7 C6 R8
1
2
C8
C14
C15
R13
CR1 C11 R9
C16
C9
R15
C10
R14
R16
CR2
C12
C19
R18
C13
R17 U4
C18
U5
C17
R20
R21
C20
R19
CR3
C21
C27 R25
R31 R23
R32 R24
R22 LED1 U8
Q1
C22
C23
C25
C26
R28 R27
TP1
R29 C24
R30
U6 U9
R26
U7
C29
CR4 C34 C35 R38
C28
C31 LED2 R37 C59
R40 R39 CR5
C40 R35
TP2 TP3 C32
19
20
C30 C33 C36 TP4
R48
R33
C37 R34
C43
R42
R41
U11 U12 U13 TP5
U10
R45
R47
R46
R44
C38 C39 TP6 C41 C42

R43
10 9 8
10 1
TB2
Figure 4-3
Dual Furnace Controller Card

5 Operation
Operation
The Operation chapter explains how to prepare the sample for an

analysis once the S-144DR Dual Range Sulfur Analyzer has been
set up. First Time Analysis contains step-by-step procedures that
start with instrument warm-up and continue through the final step.
Additional operating information can be found under the specific
topics.
First Time Analysis..............................................................5–3
Methods .......................................................................... 5–10
Create a Method.......................................................... 5–10
Edit a Method ............................................................. 5–13
Print a Method ............................................................ 5–14
Delete a Method .......................................................... 5–15
Blanks ............................................................................ 5–16
Add a Blank ................................................................ 5–16
Analyze a Blank........................................................... 5–16
Set Blank ................................................................... 5–17
Standards ....................................................................... 5–18
Add Standard.............................................................. 5–18
Print Standard............................................................. 5–20
Delete Standard .......................................................... 5–21
Calibration....................................................................... 5–22
Calibration Analysis ..................................................... 5–22
Calibration Curve......................................................... 5–25
Perform Analysis .............................................................. 5–28
Recalculate Results ........................................................... 5–30
User-Defined Field ............................................................ 5–31
Add a User-Defined Field .............................................. 5–31
Delete a User-Defined Field........................................... 5–34
Available Functions ...................................................... 5–34
View Sample Data ............................................................ 5–35
Operation S-144DR 5–1

View IR Cell Data ............................................................. 5–37
General Tab................................................................ 5–39
Low Sulfur and High Sulfur Tabs .................................... 5–40
Print Result Data .............................................................. 5–41
Print Preview .............................................................. 5–41
Print Setup ................................................................. 5–41
Print Data................................................................... 5–42
Print Display Options......................................................... 5–44
Transmit Data.................................................................. 5–48
Export Results ................................................................. 5–49
Validate Database ............................................................ 5–52
5–2 S-144DR Operation

First Time Analysis
The first time the unit is operated, and any time the software is
updated, these steps must be performed in the order in which
they are presented.
1. Check diagnostics, page 8–3.
A. From the Tools menu, click Diagnostics or click the
F9 Diagnostic button on the toolbar. The
Diagnostics dialog box is displayed.
B. Click the Alarm Relay check box to turn on and off

the alarm relay. A checkmark indicates that the
option is activated.
C. Click the Pump/Oxygen Inlet check box to turn on
and off the oxygen inlet pump. A checkmark indicates
that the option is activated.
• Verify that the furnace temperature is 1400oC (±50oC) and

Note the incoming pressure is on.

2. Create a method, page 5–10.
A. From the Tools menu, click Methods or click the F5
Methods button on the toolbar. The Methods dialog
box is displayed.
B. Click the New button to add a method to the list of

available methods for use during analysis.
C. Double-click on the method name or click on the
method and click the Properties button to display
the Method Setup dialog box.
• The method name can also be changed by clicking on the

Note method from the list in the Methods dialog box and typing a
new name.
D. Enter the new name of the method. The text

automatically replaces the highlighted text in the
Name text box.

E. Click in the Description text box and enter any
information to describe the method.
F. Select each of the tabs to access the parameter
values for the sulfur results to be obtained. Sulfur
traces are detected when a sample is analyzed. The
entry of a low and high sulfur detection range
provides a wider overall detection range on the high
cell and more precision when using the low sulfur cell.
Both the low and high detection parameter values
need to be set.
• The length of the analysis needs to be determined because

Note samples combust at different rates.
G. Enter the minimum time, in seconds, allotted for

integration. The text automatically replaces the
highlighted text in the Min Integration Time text
box. The analysis runs at least the minimum time
limit before the comparator level is checked.
H. Click in the Max. Integration Time text box and
enter the maximum time, in seconds, allotted for
integration. If the comparator level has not been
reached, the analysis stops at the maximum
integration time.
I. Click in the Comparator Level text box and enter
the comparator level. The comparator level is the
minimum concentration level relative to peak height
needed to stop the analysis. The level is a percentage
of the peak or the maximum offset that occurs during
analysis. The comparator level is only checked after
the minimum analysis time is met. Refer to
Comparator Level for additional information.

J. The Blank at 1 gram value is the percentage of
sulfur for which a blank analysis will correct. Refer to
Blank, page 5–16, for information on setting the
Blank at 1 gram.
• A small percentage of the sulfur recorded during an analysis

Example may come from a source other than the sample. The blank
at 1 gram value corrects for this difference.
• The Calibration box displays the current calibration. Refer to

Notes Calibration, page 5–22, for additional information.
• The calibration procedure should be performed for each

method.
3. Login a conditioner.
• A conditioner can be a sample in the lab or any certified

Notes reference material. The values are not important for the
conditioner.
• Results are more consistent if the sample is spread evenly

in the sample boat when weighing and before analyzing.
A. From the Samples menu, click Add Sample or click
the F3 Add Sample button on the toolbar.
B. Enter Conditioner for the sample name and 250 mg
for the sample weight.
C. Weigh the sample and then enter the weight either by
typing it in the Weight column or pressing the Print
button on the balance after the weight has been
measured. If the weight is sent directly from the
balance, it is entered in the Weight column of the first
sample listed without a weight value.
D. Click OK to login the conditioner.
4. Analyze a conditioner.
A. From the Samples menu, click Analyze or click the
F4 Analyze button on the toolbar.
B. Click OK to start the analysis. Follow the window
prompts as they appear until analysis is complete.

• The conditioner results will probably start higher and drop
Note slowly. Highlight all conditioner samples to view statistics.
Statistics should appear in the lower right corner of the
screen. RSD of selected blanks should be <0.5%. If the RSD
precision is good, proceed to the next step.
5. Login a standard, page 5–18.

A. From the Tools menu, click Standards or click the
F6 Standards button on the toolbar. The Standards
B. Click New to add a new standard to the list.
C. Enter the name of the standard.

D. Enter the known sulfur percentages for the sample
type. The entries in the Standards dialog box match
the known sample names and concentrations. If a
standard value is not known for the element, leave
the field blank.
• A blank Sulfur % field means that no standard value is

Note available to be considered during any calculations, while an
entry of 0.0 means that 0 should be used when any
calculations are performed.

E. Click Close to login the standard.
6. Analyze a standard.
B. Click OK to start the standard analysis. Follow the
window prompts as they appear until analysis is
complete.
• Analyze several standards at a nominal weight of 250 mg.

Notes
• Results will plateau but will not be accurate.
7. Calibrate, page 5–22.

A. In the spreadsheet, select the analyzed standard
samples for calibration.

B. From the Configuration menu, click Calibrations.
The Calibrations dialog box will appear.
C. View the calibration curve. Make sure the calibration

curve goes through, or comes close to every
calibration point. If not, click the Curve drop down
box and select another curve type.
8. Perform an analysis.
B. Click OK to start the analysis. Follow the window
prompts as they appear until analysis is complete.

Methods
A method is a set of analytical parameters used to control the

instrument during analysis and calculation of the final result.
Before analysis, a method must be created or the default
method used.
Create a Method
The S-144DR software offers the feature of creating methods to
be used for carbon analysis. The maximum and minimum
integration times, the comparator levels, and the blank analysis
value are stored in each method.
1. From the Tools menu, click Methods. The Methods dialog
box is displayed.
2. Click the New button to add a method to the list of

available methods for use during analysis.
3. Select the method and click the Properties button to
display the Method Setup dialog box.

• The method name can also be changed by clicking on the
Note method from the list in the Methods dialog box and typing a
new name.
4. Enter the new name of the method. The text automatically
replaces the highlighted text in the Name text box.
5. Click in the Description text box and enter any information
to describe the method.
6. Select each of the tabs to access the parameter values
for the sulfur results to be obtained. Sulfur traces are
detected when a sample is analyzed. The entry of a low
and high sulfur detection range provides a wider overall
detection range on the high cell and more precision when
using the low sulfur cell. Both the low and high detection
parameter values need to be set.
• The length of the analysis needs to be determined because

Note samples combust at different rates.
7. Enter the minimum time, in seconds, allotted for

integration. The text automatically replaces the highlighted
text in the Min Integration Time text box. The analysis
runs at least the minimum time limit before the
comparator level is checked.
8. Click in the Max. Integration Time text box and enter
the maximum time, in seconds, allotted for integration. If
the comparator level has not been reached, the analysis
stops at the maximum integration time.
9. Click in the Comparator Level text box and enter the
comparator level. The comparator level is the minimum
concentration level relative to peak height needed to stop
the analysis. The level is a percentage of the peak or the
maximum offset that occurs during analysis. The
comparator level is only checked after the minimum
analysis time is met. Refer to Comparator Level, page 7–5,
for additional information.

10. The Blank at 1 gram value is the percentage of sulfur for
which a blank analysis will correct. Refer to Blank, page
5–16, for information on setting the Blank at 1 gram.
• A small percentage of the sulfur recorded during an analysis

Example may come from a source other than the sample. The blank
at 1 gram value corrects for this difference.
• The Calibration box displays the current calibration. Refer to

Notes Calibration, page 5–22, for additional information.
• The calibration procedure must be performed for each

method.

Edit a Method
The S-144DR allows existing methods to be edited before
beginning an analysis.
box is displayed.
2. Click the Properties button. The Method Setup dialog box

is displayed.
3. Edit the method parameter values that need changed. For

specific information about each parameter, refer to
Create a Method, page 5–10.

Print a Method
The S-144DR allows existing methods to be printed before
box is displayed.
2. Select (highlight) the method to be printed.

3. Click the Print button. The Print dialog box is displayed.
4. Click OK.

Delete a Method
The S-144DR allows existing methods to be deleted before
box is displayed.
2. Select (highlight) the method to be deleted.

3. Click the Delete button.
4. Click OK.

Blanks
A blank is an analysis, which is used to establish the level of

background signal observed when no sample is present in the
combustion boat.
Add a Blank
1. From the Samples table, click the Name drop-down
menu and select Blank.
2. From the Method drop-down menu, select the method.

3. The Weight will automatically be entered as 1 gram.
4. From the Samples menu, click Add Samples or click the
F3 Login button on the toolbar to add at least three blank
samples to analyze.
Analyze a Blank
1. From the Samples menu, click Analyze or click the F4
Analyze button on the toolbar. A dialog box is displayed
prompting you to push the boat into the furnace.
2. Place a clean, empty boat into the furnace. The analysis

will begin.

Set Blank
1. Select the analyzed blanks in the Sample table. All
selected samples must be blanks, use the same method,
have a weight of 1 gram, no moisture, and have been
analyzed as shown in the example below.
2. From the Tools menu, click Set Blank.
3. The software automatically sets the Blank at 1 gram

value for each cell in the chosen method with the
corresponding average sulfur values from the highlighted
samples. The Method Setup dialog box displays the Blank
at 1 gram values. Refer to Create a Method, page 5-9 to
view this dialog box.

Standards
Standards are certified reference materials with known

concentrations and uncertainty levels.
Add Standard
Any samples that are to be used for calibration must have a
defined standard for that sample type.
• All examples in this procedure are based on the 501-020

Note known sulfur sample with its known concentration of
3.15%.
1. From the Tools menu, click Standards or click the

Standards button on the toolbar. The Standards dialog box
is displayed.
2. Click New to add a new standard to the list.

3. Enter the name of the standard.
4. Enter the known sulfur percentages for the sample type.
The entries in the Standards dialog box match the known
sample names and concentrations. If a standard value is
not known for the element, leave the field blank.
• A blank Sulfur % field means that no standard value is

Note available to be considered during any calculations, while an
entry of 0.0 means that 0 should be used when any
calculations are performed.

Print Standard
Standards can be printed from the system printer.
is displayed.
2. Select (highlight) the standard to be printed.

3. Click Print button. The Print dialog box is displayed.
4. Click OK.

Delete Standard
Standards that are no longer applicable can be deleted.
is displayed.
2. Select (highlight) the standard to be deleted.

3. Click Delete button to remove the standard from the list.
A confirmation pop-up window is displayed.

Calibration
A valid calibration of the system should be performed before

running any unknown samples. Instrument drift is possible and
a current calibration is necessary to calculate accurate results.
The calibration results are used to compensate for differences
between the total sulfur area measured and the actual sulfur
area.
In order for a calibration procedure to be complete, standards
for each calibration sample must be set up, a calibration
analysis must be run, and a calibration curve must be created.
Calibration Analysis
• Be sure that the analyzer hardware and software has been

Notes setup and that the analyzer has reached the set
temperature before beginning an analysis.
• Standards must be set up for all sample types used for

calibrating the system.
!
CAUTION OPERATOR INJURY HAZARD
Infrared light can be damaging to the eyes.
Do not look into the combustion chamber when
the door is open. Keep the analyzer door shut
until instructed to open it.
1. After the standards have been entered, the calibration

sample names and weights need to be added. Be sure that
the sample name has the same name as the standard. The
S-144DR lines the standards and the sample types only by
their names. A drop-down list containing the standards
names is available by clicking on the Sample column.
There are two ways to add samples and their weights.

Note in the sample boat when weighing and before analyzing.

A. Add the sample first.
1) From the Samples menu, click Add Sample or
click the Add Sample button on the toolbar. The
new sample is automatically given the same
name as the previous sample.
2) Weight the sample and then enter the weight
either by typing it in the Weight column or
pressing the Print button on the balance after the
weight has been measured. If the weight is sent
directly from the balance, it is entered in the
Weight column of the first sample listed without a
weight value.
B. Weigh the sample first then press the Print key on the
balance to add the new sample. If all the samples
listed have a weight entry, pressing the print key on
the balance automatically adds a new sample and
enters the measured weight.
• Several samples of each standard at different weights

Note should be added when calibrating.
2. Select the method to be used for the analysis. The method

can be selected from the drop-down list.
• Each method is calibrated separately.

Note
3. Enter the moisture value (percentage of water by weight)

if necessary.
4. Begin the analysis. From the Samples menu, click
Analyze or click the Analyze button on the toolbar.
System prompts are displayed on the screen as a guide to
running the analysis.
• Be sure the analyzer door is shut. A system prompt is

Note displayed when the sample boat should be entered. The
door should still be closed prior to this prompt so a reliable
base line can be established by minimizing the amount of
carbon dioxide entering the analyzer from the atmosphere.

5. When the prompt appears to insert the sample boat, insert
the sample boat, rounded end first, until it rests against
the boat stop. The system automatically detects that the
sample boat is loaded. The prompt window disappears and
the analysis begins.

The S-144DR operates at very high temperatures.
Use tongs to insert and remove sample boats.
• Sample boats can be scraped clean and used up to four

Notes times. However, if samples are analyzed using vanadium,
the sample boats can be used only once.
• The next sample to be analyzed is displayed in blue.
• The analysis can be stopped at any time by clicking the Stop

button on the toolbar.

Calibration Curve
When the system is finished analyzing the known samples, a
calibration curve comparing the measured raw sulfur areas and
the corrected sulfur areas (calculated by multiplying the weight
of the sample by the standard percentage of sulfur) can be
created. The calibration curve is then used to calculate the
corrected sulfur area of the unknown samples.
1. Select (highlight) the samples that are to be used to
create the calibration curve. Be sure all of the selected
samples were analyzed using the same method.
2. From the Tools menu, click Calibrate or click the
calibrate button on the toolbar. The Calibration dialog box
is displayed.
• The selected samples along with the sample weights,

Notes certified concentrations, calculated concentrations, relative
error percentages, weighting values, and dates analyzed are
listed below the calibration graph.
• The Certified Concentration is the concentration of sulfur in

the standard.
• The Calculated Concentration is the concentration of sulfur

as calculated by the S-144DR system using the measured
areas and the calibration curve.

3. From the Cell drop-down list, select the cell to be
calibrated. Choices are high sulfur and low sulfur.
• Only the points that saturated the low sulfur cell are used
Note when calibrating the high sulfur cell.
4. Select the type curve to be used to fit the points plotted

on the graph. For additional information, refer to
Calibration Curves, page 7–8.
5. Select the Weighting to be used for the points. The
weighting controls the importance of the points plotted on
the graph. If one point has a larger weighting value, the
curve connecting the plotted points will be pulled in the
direction of that point. Three types of weighting can be
chosen from the drop-down list.
A. Normal—Sets all the plotted points to a weighting
value of one and fits the curve to the points as they
are plotted on the graph.
B. Manual—Allows a weighting value to be entered for
each point. After manual is selected, the weighting
values can be entered in the Weighting column
displayed in the calibration sample data listed at the
bottom of the Calibration dialog box.
C. 1/Certified—Assigns the points with higher certified
concentrations a lower weighting value.
• Double-clicking on a point of the calibration curve disables

Notes the point and tells the system that the point should not be
included when creating the calibration curve.
• Zooming in on portions of the calibration curve is done by

clicking and holding the mouse button while drawing a box
around the area of interest.
• Zooming out is done by clicking the right mouse button and

selecting Zoom Out from the menu.
6. Indicate if the previous calibration should be displayed by

clicking the Show check box next to the Previous
polynomial equation. The previous calibration is displayed
on the graph in blue.

7. Make any necessary edits to the New Calibration equation.
The S-144DR allows a calibration equation to be manually
entered by checking the Manual check box and typing a
new equation.
8. Click the OK button to save the newly created calibration
curve. The new calibration curve is displayed in red on the
graph and is used when performing the analysis.

Perform Analysis
Be sure that the analyzer hardware and software has been

setup and that the analyzer has reached the set temperature
before beginning an analysis. Standards must be set up for all
sample types used for calibrating the system.
!
CAUTION OPERATOR INJURY HAZARD
Infrared light can be damaging to the eyes. Do
not look into the combustion chamber when the
door is open. Keep the analyzer door shut until
instructed to open it.
1. Add the sample and the sample weight. There are two
ways to add samples and their weights.

Note in the sample boat when weighing and before analyzing.
A. Add the sample first.

1) From the Samples menu, click Add Sample or
click the Add Sample button on the toolbar. The
new sample is automatically given the same
name as the previous sample.
2) Weight the sample and then enter the weight
either by typing it in the Weight column or
pressing the Print button on the balance after the
weight has been measured. If the weight is sent
directly from the balance, it is entered in the
Weight column of the first sample listed without a
weight value.
B. Weigh the sample first then press the Print key on
the balance to add the new sample. If all the samples
listed have a weight entry, pressing the print key on
the balance automatically adds a new sample and
enters the measured weight.
• Several samples of each standard at different weights

Note should be added when calibrating.

2. Select the method to be used for the analysis. The method
can be selected from the drop-down list.
3. Enter the moisture value (percentage of water by weight)
if necessary.
4. Begin the analysis. From the Samples menu, click
Analyze or click the Analyze button on the toolbar.
System prompts are displayed on the screen as a guide to
running the analysis.
• Be sure the analyzer door is shut. A system prompt is

Note displayed when the sample boat should be entered. The
door should still be closed prior to this prompt so a reliable
base line can be established by minimizing the amount of
carbon dioxide entering the analyzer from the atmosphere.
5. When the prompt appears to insert the sample boat, insert

the sample boat, rounded end first, until it rests against
the boat stop. The system automatically detects that the
sample boat is loaded. The prompt window disappears and
the analysis begins.

The S-144DR operates at very high temperatures.
Use tongs to insert and remove sample boats.
• The analysis can be stopped at any time by clicking the

Note Stop button on the toolbar.
6. The current cell status and analysis time can be seen in

the status bar. The analysis time, peak reading, and
concentration percentage can all be monitored.
• The current sample to be analyzed is displayed in blue.

Notes
• Sample boats can be scraped clean and used several times.
However, if samples are analyzed using vanadium, the
sample boats can be used only once.

Recalculate Results
If the calibration or moisture values have changed for a

sample, the analysis results can be recalculated using the new
values.
1. Select the samples to be recalculated.
2. From the Samples menu, select Recalculate to begin the
recalculation process.

User-Defined Field
User-Defined Fields allows the operator to enter a formula in

order to perform custom calculations using pre-determined
functions or to define a column for text only. After a User-
Defined Field has been added, it is displayed in the spreadsheet
and sample login screen.
Add a User-Defined Field

1. From the View menu, click User-Defined Fields. The
User-Defined dialog box is displayed.
2. Enter the name of the user-defined field by double-clicking

in the field.
3. Enter all other applicable fields.
A. Read Only—When a formula is entered, the value will
be calculated by the software. When the
concentration is calculated it cannot be changed by
the user. To activate, click in the check box. An X is
displayed when activated.
B. Numeric— This must be checked when entering a
numeric value formula. By activating this field but
leaving the Formula field blank and not activating the
Read Only field, the numeric field can be used to add
an editable number that be can be used in statistics,
etc. To activate, click in the check box in the Numeric
column. An X is displayed when activated.
C. Formula— The formula can either be text or numeric
depending upon the function chosen. Enter the
formula used for calculation by using the
available functions, page 5–34.

• (2.786+(8.8831*@sulfur())-(2.143-@moisture())
Examples
• (8.8831*@sulfur())/@moisture()
• @sulfur*0.25
4. Additional user-defined fields may be added.

A. Click the Add button. A new line is added at the top
as row one.
B. Enter the name of the user-defined field.
C. Enter all other applicable fields.
5. If a user-defined field is no longer needed, it can be

deleted, page 5–34.
• Once the user-defined field is deleted, it is no longer

Note displayed in the spreadsheet. To remove the user-defined
field from the spreadsheet only, refer to step 6.
A. Select the user-defined field to be deleted.

B. Click the Delete button. The Delete User-Defined
Field confirmation box is displayed.
C. Click Yes to delete or No to cancel.

6. If a user-defined field no longer needs to be displayed, but
not deleted, it can be removed from the spreadsheet.
Refer to Columns, page 4–22, for additional information.
7. When finished, click OK. The user-defined field is now
displayed on the spreadsheet. Refer to Columns, page
4–22, for additional spreadsheet column information.

Delete a User-Defined Field
1. From the View menu, click User-Defined Fields. The
User-Defined dialog box is displayed.
2. Select the user-defined field to be deleted.

3. Click the Delete button. The Delete User-Defined Field
confirmation box is displayed.

5. Click OK when finished.
Available Functions
@Name () Text Only
@Description() Text Only
@Method() Text Only
@Weight() Numeric Only
@Sulfur() Numeric Only
@Moisture() Numeric Only
When the function is a numeric field only, it will contain
numbers that can be plugged into the formulas. When using
any of these numeric functions, the Numeric field must be
activated. To activate, click in the check box in the Numeric
column. An X is displayed when activated.

View Sample Data
The S-144DR allows the analysis time and concentrations and

sulfur detected by the system to be displayed for a single
sample or multiple samples. The analysis results are listed in
the sample pane and are displayed in the Analysis Pane.
When a single sample is selected for viewing, the total
concentration as calculated using the calibration curve is
displayed on the main window along with a graph of the peaks
generated during the analysis.

When multiple samples are selected for viewing, an average
concentration along with an average standard deviation and
average relative standard deviation are calculated and plotted
on a graph at the bottom on the main window.

View IR Cell Data
Along with the concentrations, the C-144 retains the data

calculated by the IR cell. The cell reading does not include any
calculations done using the calibration curve.
1. From the Sample menu, click Properties. The Sample
2. To view the low sulfur area, peak, concentration, and

analysis time, click on the Low Sulfur tab.

3. To view the low sulfur area, peak, concentration, and
analysis time, click on the Low Sulfur tab.
• The low and high sulfur areas, peaks, concentrations, and

Note analysis times can also be accessed by clicking on the
graphs at the bottom of the main window.
• The Properties dialog box can also be accessed by clicking

the right mouse button while the mouse cursor is over the
selected samples. Clicking on the Sulfur tab in the dialog
box accesses the data for Sulfur cell.
Like the analysis data, the IR cell data can be viewed for a
single sample or for multiple samples.

General Tab
The general tab displays the sample information listed in the
sample pane. If multiple samples are selected, fields containing
varying information are left blank.
• If two samples with different sample names are selected,

Example the Name field is left blank.

Low Sulfur and High Sulfur Tabs
The low sulfur and high sulfur tabs contain area, peak,
concentration, and analysis time as recorded by the cell only.
The View Data option is available when viewing cell data for a
single sample. Clicking the View Data button displays a list of
voltages recorded by that cell and the intervals at which they
were recorded.
The Saturated box indicates if the cell was or was not saturated
during analysis. A check mark indicates that the cell was
saturated.

Print Result Data
The S-144DR allows the result data to be specified before it is

sent to the printer.
Print Preview
To view the printout before sending it to the printer, select
Print Preview from the Samples menu.
Print Setup
To select the printer, paper size, paper size, paper source, and
page orientation for a printout, select Print Setup from the
Samples menu.

Print Data
1. Select the samples to be printed.
2. From the Samples menu, click Print or click the Print
button on the toolbar. The Print Samples dialog box is
displayed.
3. Specify the result data, result units, and statistics to be

printed by using the to move through the printing display
options. Refer to Print Display Options, page 5–44 for
4. When all of the printing display options have been
specified, click the OK button to access the Print
dialog box.
5. Specify the printer to which the results should be sent.

6. Select a print range.
7. Enter the number of copies to be printed.
8. To select the paper, graphics, device, postscript, and
watermarks options, click the Properties button. The
Properties dialog box is displayed.
9. Click OK to print.

Print Display Options
The S-144DR allows the fields, unit formats, and statistics to be

specified for a printout. Information other than what is listed in
the sample pane can be printed out.
1. Select the samples to be printed.
2. From the Samples menu, click Print or click the Print
button on the toolbar. The Print Samples dialog box is
displayed.
3. Click the Include Tab
A. Select the result data to be printed by using the Add

and Remove buttons to create a list of desired result
data in the Displayed Columns field. The S-144DR
stores the data for all of the fields listed in both the
Available Columns and the Displayed Columns fields,
but only prints the data for the columns listed in the
Displayed Columns field.
B. Use the Move Up and Move Down buttons to move
the column titles within the list of displayed columns.
C. Use the Reset button to return the list of displayed
columns to a default organization.
D. Enter the number of columns that should be locked in
position when printing. Locked columns print on
every page.

• If the Name column is displayed first in the sample pane
Example and the number 1 is entered in the Locked Columns field,
the Name column prints on every page. If the number 5 is
entered in the Locked Columns field, the first five columns
displayed in the sample pane are printed on every page.
4. Click the Format Tab
A. Select the column to be formatted from the Displayed

Columns list. The format parameters that need to be
filled in with that selected column are activated when
the column is selected. All of the fields available in
this dialog box do not apply to every column.
B. If Unit field is activated, select the preferred type of
unit from the drop-down list.
C. If the Unit Display Options are activated, select an
option to indicate where the unit should be displayed
when the results are printed. The unit can be printed
in the header (column title), with the value or in a
separate column.
D. If the Numeric field is activated, enter the numeric
format of the result data by typing in a formatting
code. Refer to Format Codes, page 4–28, for
E. If the Include in Statistics is activated, click in the
check box to include in statistics.

F. Use the Font button to open the Font dialog box so
the font can be changed.
5. Click the Statistics Tab
A. Check the statistics that should be calculated and

printed.
1) The count (total number of samples).
2) Average concentration of sulfur.
3) The sample with the minimum concentration of
sulfur.
4) The sample with the maximum concentration of
sulfur.

5) The sum of the concentrations of all the samples
selected for printing.
6) The standard deviation of the concentrations.
7) The relative standard deviation of the
concentrations.
B. Specify the way the statistics should be grouped and
printed out by marking the Statistics Only box or by
selecting categories from the Sort Item By and Group
Statistics By drop-down lists.
1) The Statistics Only option prints only the
statistics for all of the sample types that have
been selected for printing.
2) The Sort Items By option arranges the samples
according to the category that has been selected
from the drop-down list and then prints the
statistics for all of those samples.
• If Name is selected from the drop-down list, the system

Example sorts all of the samples and groups them by name. The
system then prints the statistics for all of the samples with
the same name.
3) The Group Statistics By option calculates the

statistics for all samples having the same criteria
selected from the drop-down list without sorting
them first.
• The samples are listed as they appear below. The system

Example prints the statistics for the first three samples names A,
then the two samples named B, and finally the two
remaining samples named A. The system groups the
samples together but does not sort them.
Sample Name
A
A
A
B
B
A
A
6. Click the OK button to save the changes and exit.

Notes saving the changes. Clicking the Apply button saves and
button access the Help system.

Transmit Data
Result data can be transmitted to a receiving application or to a

file to be used with other applications.
Make sure the transmission parameters have been entered so
the data can be sent in a format that the receiving application
understands. Refer to Data Transmission Parameters, page
4–8, for additional information.
1. Select (highlight) the samples to be transmitted.
2. From the Samples menu, click Transmit. The Transmit
Samples dialog box is displayed.
3. Select the transmission options types. The system can

calculate the average, RSD percentage, and standard
deviation for the weights, sulfur percentage, and moisture
values for selected sample types. More than one option
can be selected for transmission.
4. Click the OK button to transmit the data and exit or
click Cancel to exit the dialog box without transmitting the
data.

Export Results
The S-144DR allows result data to be selected for export to

another file or applications. It also allows the fields, unit
formats, and statistics to be specified when exporting the data.
Information other than what is listed in the sample pane can be
exported.
1. Select (highlight) samples to be exported.
2. From the Samples menu, click Export. The Export
Samples dialog box is displayed.
3. Click the Export Tab
A. Enter the name of the file to which the data should be

exported.
B. The Browse button opens the Open dialog box that
can be used to locate the destination file name for the
export data.

4. Click the Include Tab
A. Select the result data to be printed by using the Add

and Remove keys to create a list of desired displayed
Columns. The S-144DR stores the data for all of the
fields listed in both the Available Columns and the
Displayed Columns fields, but only exports the data
for the columns listed in the Displayed Columns field.
B. The Move Up and Move Down buttons move the
column titles within the list of displayed columns.
C. The Reset button returns the list of displayed columns
to a default organization.
5. Click the Format Tab

A. Select the column to be formatted from the Displayed
Columns list. The format parameters that need to be
entered are activated when the column is selected. All
of the fields available in this dialog box do not apply
to every column.
B. If Unit field is activated, select the preferred type of
unit from the drop-down list.
C. If the Unit Display Options are activated, select an
option to indicate where the unit should be displayed
when the results are printed. The unit can be printed
in the header (column title), with the value or in a
separate column.
D. If the Numeric field is activated, enter the numeric
format of the result data by typing in a formatting
code. Refer to Format Codes, page 4–28, for
6. Click the OK button to export the data and exit.

Note saving the changes. Clicking the Apply button saves and
button access the Help system.

Validate Database
The validate database feature recovers missing database

information. Validating the database ensures that any item
referenced by another item is included in the database.
1. From the Tools menu, click Validate Database. The
Database Validation dialog box is displayed to indicate the
progress of the validation.
2. When validation is complete, Done is displayed in the

status box.
3. Click the Close button to close to the dialog box.
• If information is missing from the database, exit and restart

Note the software program.

6 Maintenance
M
in
a
te
c
The Maintenance chapter includes procedures that should be

performed on a regular basis to keep your S-144DR Dual Range
Sulfur Analyzer operating up to specifications. Periodic
maintenance is an important part of extending the life of your
instrument and minimizing downtime.
Illustrations .......................................................................6–2
Periodic Maintenance Schedule .............................................6–3
Adapter.............................................................................6–4
Disposable Particle Filters ....................................................6–5
Front Disposable Particle Filter......................................... 6–5
Internal Disposable Particle Filter ..................................... 6–6
Fan Filter ..........................................................................6–7
O-ring...............................................................................6–8
Reagent Tubes ...................................................................6–9
Computer System............................................................. 6–10
Printer ............................................................................ 6–11
Maintenance S-144DR 6–1

Illustrations

Figure 6-2 ......... Reagent Tube Removal ............................... 6–13
Figure 6-3 ......... Reagent Tubes .......................................... 6–13
6–2 S-144DR Maintenance

Periodic Maintenance Schedule
The following schedule is a list of maintenance procedures that

should be performed on a regular basis. By periodically
maintaining the instrument, consistent results will be obtained
and the life of the instrument and its assemblies extended. For
more information concerning periodic maintenance and periodic
maintenance procedures, refer to the individual topic.
Replacement Inspection and
Maintenance Item
and Maintenance Cleaning Schedule
Adapter Clean daily to remove dirt Daily
particles. Refer to page 6–4.
Disposable Particle Filters Replace when flow is restricted Weekly

or if visibly discolored (gray). Refer to page 6–5.
Fan Filter Clean when visibly dirty. Daily

Refer to page 6–7.
O-ring Clean and grease when Weekly

replacing reagent materials. Refer to page 6–8.
Reagent Tubes Replace anhydrone when Weekly

reagent becomes caked or Refer to page 6–9.
moist.
Computer System Clean as needed to maintain Weekly

usability of the system. Refer to page 6–10.
Printer Clean as needed to maintain Weekly

usability of the system. Refer to page 6–11.

Adapter
1. Remove the left reagent tube (figure 6-1, page 6–12).

swing free.
2. Unscrew adapter.
3. Ream out the adapter using the adapter brush.
4. Screws adapter back in place.
5. Reinstall the left reagent tube.

Disposable Particle Filters
The disposable particle filters removes any particles from the

flow stream. It should be checked each day before analysis as
dirt particles can cause erroneous results. Replace the
disposable particle filter when flow is restricted or if visibly
discolored (gray).
One disposable particle filter is located behind the secondary
reagent tube and a second disposable particle filter is located
behind the right side panel above the transformer.
Front Disposable Particle Filter
• Refer to figure 11-2, page 11-4, for location information.

Note
1. Remove the right reagent tube.

swing free.
2. Remove the nuts holding the disposable particle filter in
place.
3. Remove the disposable particle filter and install a new
disposable particle filter.
• Make sure the flow arrow on the disposable particle filter is

Note in the same position.
4. Replace the nuts and reinstall the right reagent tube.

Internal Disposable Particle Filter
• Refer to figure 11-2, page 11-4, for location information.

Note
1. Remove the right side panel.

2. Loosen the nut holding the disposable particle filter onto
the solenoid.
3. Slide the disposable particle filter out of the nut and pull it
out a few inches from the instrument.
4. Disconnect the flexible tubing from the disposable particle
filter and install a new disposable particle filter.
• Make sure the flow arrow on the disposable particle filter is

Note in the same position.
5. Reconnect flexible tubing.

6. Slide the new disposable particle filter into the solenoid
nut and tighten.
7. Reinstall right side panel.

Fan Filter
The fan filter, located on the back of the furnace, needs to be

inspected daily and cleaned when dirt is visible.
1. Remove the blank plastic box containing the fan filter from
the back of the instrument.
2. Separate the sides of the plastic box and remove the fan
filter.
3. Using soapy water, thoroughly clean the filter element.
4. Rinse clean under running water then gently shake out any
excess water.
• Be sure to shake out any excess water before replacing.

Note
5. Reinstall the fan filter into the plastic box removed in

step 2.
6. Reinstall the plastic box on the back of the instrument.

O-ring
The o-rings, located around the top of the reagent tubes,

should be cleaned and greased when replacing reagent
materials.
1. Remove the reagent tubes (figure 6-1, page 6–12).
swing free.
2. Carefully remove the o-rings by squeezing the sides of the
o-ring with two fingers until it loops. Slip the red plastic
o-ring removal tool around the o-ring and slip it off the
groove.
• Do not damage the o-rings.

Note
3. Wipe the o-rings clean then apply a light, even coat of

silicone grease.
• Replace the o-rings if showing signs of wear.

Note
4. Replace the o-rings.

5. Replace reagent tubes.

Reagent Tubes
Repack the reagent tubes with anhydrone whenever the

reagent becomes caked or moist (from moisture being released
from samples).
1. Remove the left reagent tube (figure 6-1, page 6–12).
swing free (figure 6-2, page 6–13).
2. Before repacking the reagent tube, remove all material
from the inside of the reagent tube. Rinse the reagent
tube with water, and let it dry.
3. Pack 1/2-inch of glass wool into the bottom of reagent
tubes.
4. Fill each reagent tube with 43/4 inches of anhydrone. Leave
a 3/4-inch space at the top of each reagent tube
5. Reinstall the reagent tubes.

Computer System
Maintain the computer system by cleaning the system once a

week or as needed to maintain usability of the system and
eliminate static charge build up.
• Repairs or adjustments that require disassembling system

Note components should only be performed by professional
technicians.
1. Use anti-static products to eliminate static charge build up

in the work area and reduce the risk of electric shock.
2. Turn the power off.
A. Monitor
1) Wipe the screen using a soft cloth or an anti-
static wipe designed for electronics.
2) Clean the plastic areas using a neutral detergent
and a soft cloth.
B. Computer—Clean using a neutral detergent and a soft
cloth.
C. Mouse
1) Clean the roller ball according to manufacturer's
instructions.
2) Clean the plastic areas using a neutral detergent
and a soft cloth.
3. When the system is not in use, cover the monitor and
keyboard.

Printer
Maintain the printer by cleaning the printer once a week or as

needed to maintain usability of the system and eliminate static
charge build up.
• Repairs or adjustments that require disassembling system

Note components should only be performed by professional
technicians.
1. Use anti-static products to eliminate static charge build up

in the work area and reduce the risk of electric shock.
2. Turn the power off.
3. Clean the plastic areas using a neutral detergent and a
soft cloth.
4. Replace the ink cartridge as needed. Follow the
manufacturer's installation instructions.
5. When not in use, cover the printer.

606-316
ADAPTER
606-327
REAGENT
TUBE
(2 REQ'D)
Figure 6-1
Component Installation

TUBE
Figure 6-2
Reagent Tube Removal
773-320
O-RING
(2 REQ'D)
606-327
REAGENT TUBE
(2 REQ'D)
501-171
ANHYDRONE
(4 3/4 IN.)
501-081
GLASS WOOL
(1/2 IN.)
772-520
O-RING
(2 REQ'D)
Figure 6-3
Reagent Tubes

7
Theory of Operation
T
h
o
e
ry
fO
p
ra
e
tio
n
The Theory of Operation chapter provides a technical description of

how the instrument operates and the stages of operation that
generate reliable results. Learn how precision and accuracy are
directly related to the initial calibration and changes in standard
concentrations.
Illustrations .......................................................................7–2
Theory of Operation ............................................................7–3
Infrared Radiation, Absorption, and Detection.........................7–4
Comparator Level ...............................................................7–5
Calibration Curves ..............................................................7–8
Curves and Intercepts .................................................... 7–8
Intercepts ............................................................... 7–8
Linear Calibration Curve ............................................ 7–9
Calibrating with a Linear Curve .............................. 7–9
Quadratic Calibration Curve ..................................... 7–10
Calibrating with a Quadratic Curve ....................... 7–10
Cubic Calibration Curve ........................................... 7–11
Calibrating with a Cubic Curve ............................. 7–11
Theory of Operation S-144DR 7–1

Illustrations
Figure 7-1 ......... Analytical Flow Diagram.............................. 7–12
7–2 S-144DR Theory of Operation

Theory of Operation
The S-144DR Sulfur Analyzer is a software controlled

instrument designed to determine the sulfur content in a wide
variety of organic materials such as coal, coke, and oils, as well
as some inorganic materials such as soil, cement, and
limestone by combustion and non-dispersive infrared detection.
Analysis begins as a sample (0.350 g nominal) is weighed into
a combustion boat. When Analyze is selected from the Samples
menu, the sample is placed in a pure oxygen environment
typically regulated at 1350oC. The combination of furnace
temperature and oxygen flow causes the sample to combust.
All sample materials contained in the combustion boat go
through an oxidative-reduction process that causes sulfur-
bearing compounds to break down and free the sulfur. The
sulfur forms SO2. (The design of the combustion system
prevents the atmosphere from entering the combustion zone.)
Sample gases are first swept through the boat stop to the back
of the inner combustion tube, then forward between the inner
and outer combustion tubes, allowing the sample gases to
remain in the high temperature zone for a longer period and
permit efficient oxidation.
From the combustion system, the gases flow through two
anhydrone tubes to remove moisture, through a flow controller
that sets the flow of sample gases to 3.5 l/min, and then
through the infrared detection cell.
The sulfur IR cell measures the concentration of sulfur dioxide
gas. The instrument converts these values to a percentage/ppm
value, using an equation preset in the software that takes into
account the sample weight, calibration, and known moisture
value.

Infrared Radiation, Absorption, and Detection
All molecules with the exception of dipolar species such as N2,

H2, and O2, absorb in the infrared region. Because no two
compounds absorb in the same manner, infrared spectrometry
is an extremely useful method for qualitative and quantitative
chemical analysis. As radiant energy projects through the
sample material, an infrared absorption spectrum results.
Because all molecules have a characteristic spectrum, the
identity and quantity of a compound can be determined.
In the infrared detector cell, energy is emitted from a nichrome
wire heated to 850oC. Radiant energy, chopped at 85 Hz, enters
the cell through a calcium fluoride window and projects through
the cell measure chamber that contains carrier or sample
gases. Gases absorb infrared energy as they pass through the
cell chamber, producing a spectrum. As energy exits the cell
chamber through a second calcium fluoride window, a precise
wavelength filter selectively blocks all wavelengths except that
of SO2 from passing into a condensing cone and onto the
detector. The detector responds to the energy changes between
the carrier gas and sample gas and ultimately determines the
concentration of sulfur.
The detector output, AC coupled to the preamp, is amplified,
rectified, and filtered. The analog voltage is converted to a
digital signal through the A/D card and nominal energy, when
read at the cell output, results in a voltage of 8.500 VDC.
Prior to the beginning of an analysis, the computer establishes
the baseline. As the analysis begins, the cell output decreases
proportionally with the amount of sulfur (as SO2) in the IR cells.
The computer reads the cell output nine times a second by an
interval linearization equation. The result, corrected by
calibration and for sample weight, is the total weight percent of
sulfur. Optional moisture compensation can also be applied to
correct the result for dry basis reporting.

Comparator Level
• One comparator level is associated with each analysis

Note method. Selecting a different method also selects a new
comparator level.
An analysis that lasts excessively long causes unnecessarily

long delays, while an analysis that isn’t long enough can cause
loss of significant analyte data collection. Since not all samples
combust in the same manner, analyses should not be
performed based on time alone.
The length of each analysis is determined on an individual basis
by the minimum analysis time and the comparator level.
Analysis ends when the minimum time limit is reached and the
sulfur rate drops below the comparator level after passing its
peak. This comparator level is a preset constant (k) plus a
percent of the peak:
COMPARATOR LEVEL = k + (X)(P)
P Detector output peak

X Selected comparator level percentage
During an analysis, the output of the detector is collected in the

form of digital data and summed to arrive at the analysis result.
If this data were plotted, it would reflect the “curve” of the
detector output.

Shown below are two examples of the same detector output
“curve” (buffer plot). The first example shows the amount of
detector output collected during an analysis with a comparator
level setting at 6% while the second example illustrates
at 25%.
End of Analysis where "X" equals 6%

DETECTOR
OUTPUT COMPARATOR
START OF LEVEL-
ANALYSIS END OF ANALYSIS
P
DETECTOR OUTPUT
COLLECTED
End of Analysis where "X" equals 25.0%

DETECTOR
OUTPUT COMPARATOR
START OF LEVEL-
ANALYSIS END OF ANALYSIS
P
DETECTOR OUTPUT
COLLECTED
The following conclusions can be drawn from the examples:

1. A high comparator level shortens analysis time.
2. A low comparator level includes more sample gas, and
therefore more sulfur, into result calculations.
3. A comparator level that is too low, however, results in the
inclusion of very low concentrations that do not
significantly affect the result (noise), but lengthen the
analysis.
A comparator level of 1.0% usually provides optimum
performance by allowing the collection of all significant output
within a reasonable time.

Extremely low output peaks may need a larger comparator
level to exclude insignificant output levels produced toward the
end of analysis and cut down on drift. The minimum time
should be extended to match what would be considered a
reasonable time length for the analysis of such samples. The
combination of a high comparator level and an extended
minimum analysis time insures that all significant output is
collected and analysis time lengths are consistent without being
extensive.
Whenever the comparator level changes, check the system
calibration since interaction can occur.
COMPARATOR LEVEL
(SET TOO HIGH)
DETECTOR SIGNIFICANT
OUTPUT DETECTOR
COLLECTED OUTPUT
EXCLUDED
COMPARATOR LEVEL
(SET TOO LOW)
INSIGNIFICANT
DETECTOR
OUTPUT
DETECTOR
OUTPUT
COLLECTED

Calibration Curves
When the analyze flow passes through the IR cell, the response
of the cell is not linear. A programmed equation linearizes the
response, permitting a linear measure of milligrams of
sulfur/second. By measuring the signal over time, a curve with
an area representing the total sulfur present in a sample can be
displayed.
An integration of this area is performed to determine the sulfur
measured. Calibration compensates for differences between the
total sulfur measured and the actual sulfur concentration, as
discussed in Curves and Intercepts.
Curves and Intercepts

Calibration curves may be one of three types: linear, quadratic,
or cubic. Intercepts may be fixed or regressed. Curves and
intercepts are used to create the best calibration for a selected
group of samples.
To establish the appropriate calibration curve for each method,
perform a series of analyses using a calibration standard of
various weight levels. Perform three to five analyses for each
weight level. Then, perform a linear calibration with a fixed
intercept.
The plot that appears on the calibration screen indicates the
measure milligrams of sulfur in relation to the ideal milligrams
of sulfur for each sample weight. Using a fixed intercept, the
line will meet the Y-axis at zero.
Intercepts
A fixed or regressed intercept can be used when calibrating the
instrument.
If a fixed intercept is chosen, the intercept must be entered. To
determine this value, perform three to five analyses using
empty boats (blank samples) then average the values. The
curves will start at the point on the Y-axis entered.
If the regressed intercept is used, enough blank samples should
be analyzed to allow a ratio of one blank for every three
standards chosen for calibration. If this ratio is maintained, the
computer calculates the intercept before graphing the chosen
standards.

Linear Calibration Curve
Linear calibration is the lowest order calibration curve and is
represented in the upper right plot on the calibration screen.
Sulfur = (b)(area) + a
b Software generated coefficient that indicates the slop of the line.
a The blank intercept.
All points used for recalibration should rest close to or on this

line. The linear curve accurately calibrates for most samples.
Calibrating with a Linear Curve

1. Use a calibration standard with sulfur content
representative of the highest expected content in unknown
samples.
2. When possible, use a calibration sample with a similar
matrix to that of unknown samples.
3. Values selected for use in calibration should all fit within
the allowed overall spread of the standard.
• If standards tend to fall off the line, a higher order

Note calibration curve may be necessary.

Quadratic Calibration Curve
If the analysis points have a trend toward one direction in a
portion of the curve, then the quadratic equation would be
appropriate. When using the quadratic calibration, a regressed
intercept should be used.
The quadratic calibration is a second order calibration curve,
represented by a line with one bend and mathematically
represented in the upper right of the plot on the calibration
screen.
Sulfur = (c)(area2) + (b)(area) + a
c A software generated coefficient that fine-tunes that slope of the line,
allowing it to curve and provide a better fit for the chosen standards.
Calibrating with a Quadratic Curve

1. Use sample weights or material that provide milligram
areas representative of the range covered in the sample
analysis.
2. When possible, use a calibration sample with a matrix
similar to the unknown samples.
3. Values selected for use in calibration should fit within the
allowed overall spread of the standard.
• Future calibrations will require analysis of the standard

Note material at varying weight levels as performed in this
example.

Cubic Calibration Curve
If the analysis points have trends in more than one direction,
then the cubic calibration is appropriate. When using a cubic
calibration, a regressed intercept should be used.
Cubic calibration is the third order calibration curve,
represented by a line with two bends, and mathematically
represented in the upper right of the plot on the calibration
screen.
Sulfur = (d)(area3) + (c)(area) + a
c A software generated coefficient that fine-tunes that slope of the line,
allowing it to curve and provide a better fit for the chosen standards.
Calibrating with a Cubic Curve

1. If different materials are being analyzed with the same
method, perform calibration analyses using standard
materials of the same matrix as the samples.
2. When possible, use a calibration sample with a matrix
similar to unknown samples.
3. Values selected for calibration should fit within the allowed
spread of the standard.
• Future calibrations will require analysis of the standard

Note material at varying weight levels as performed in this
example.

PARTICLE 2 WAY COMBUSTION
FILTER SOLENOID FURNACE
PS
SV1 PURGE
0
15 PSI 1350 C STOP
PRESSURE
SWITCH ADJUSTABLE
FLOWMETER COMBUSTION
40 PSI 3.5 lpm BOAT
O2
ADJUSTABLE
FLOW
CONTROLLER PRESSURE
SWITCH
PS
15 PSI
2.5 lpm
ANHYDRONE
LOW SULFUR IR CELL REAGENT
TUBE
10-20 MESH
SO2 13 IN
BYPASS
24 V VACUUM PARTICLE
PUMP FILTER
HIGH SULFUR IR CELL ASSEMBLY
So2 7 IN
BYPASS
0
OVEN - 48 C FLOWMETER
2.5 lpm
EXHAUST
Figure 7-1
Analytical Flow Diagram

8 Diagnostics
D
g
ia
n
o
s
tic
The Diagnostics chapter explains how to monitor and check the

operation of the instrument hardware. This can help the operator
or service technician determine if the instrument is operating
properly.
Diagnostics........................................................................8–3
Diagnostics S-144DR 8–1

8–2 S-144DR Diagnostics

Diagnostics
The S-144DR allows the IR cells, oven temperature, furnace

temperature, and incoming pressure to be monitored by the
diagnostics portion of the software. The Diagnostics dialog box
also allows the Alarm Relay and Oxygen Inlet Pump to be
turned on and off for testing purposes.
1. From the Tools menu, click Diagnostics or click the
Diagnostic button on the toolbar. The Diagnostics dialog
box is displayed.
2. Click the Alarm Relay check box to turn on and off the
alarm relay. A checkmark indicates that the option is
activated.
3. Click the Pump/Oxygen Inlet check box to turn on and
off the oxygen inlet pump. A checkmark indicates that the
option is activated.
4. Click the Print button to print the diagnostics information.
• The alarm relay and oxygen inlet pump are automatically

Notes controlled by the software when an analysis is started.
• To adjust the power supply, volt supply, IR cells, oven

temperature, or furnace temperature
Diagnostics S-144DR 8–3

9 Electronic Adjustments
E
tro
c
le
n
iA
d
ju
tm
sn
e
ts
The Electronic Adjustments chapter explains how to update your

system with the latest version of the software and guides you
through necessary electronic adjustment to obtain proper operation
of the S-144DR Dual Range Sulfur Analyzer.
Illustrations .......................................................................9–2
Security Registration...........................................................9–3
Software Upgrade...............................................................9–4
IR Cells Adjustment ............................................................9–5
Oven Temperature Adjustment.............................................9–7
Electronic Adjustments S-144DR 9–1

Illustrations
Figure 9-1 ......... Adjustment Locations ................................. 9–9

Figure 9-2 ......... Oven Heater Control Card ........................... 9–10
9–2 S-144DR Electronic Adjustment

Security Registration
A security registration number needs to be entered after a

software upgrade has been installed. If the system is new, a
LECO technician has already entered the registration number.
• Contact a LECO representative if there are any problems

Note concerning the security registration number.

Software Upgrade
A major portion of the S-144DR's functions are defined and

controlled by a software program that may be updated. Most
updates do not affect the physical design of the determinator,
but can improve performance and make operation easier.
Therefore, an identification system for program changes called
'Program Version' is used in the S-144DR Dual Range Sulfur
Analyzer and other LECO instruments.
A three-digit number identifies program version levels. The first
generation of a program is version '1.00'. Each time a program
is changed, the version number is increased.
• Periodically, software version updates that enhance the

Notes operation are available. The following procedure can also be
used to install the software updates or reinstall the
software.
• Before continuing with this procedure, print the system

parameters or store in an alternate directory. You may also
want to record any important results from the result list.
Upon completion of this procedure, all settings and results
will be erased. It may be necessary to restore some of the
constants that may be lost due to the system reset.
1. With the computer on, place the software update disk in
the floppy disk drive (typically A:).
2. Click Start button in lower left-hand corner.
3. Click Run. The Run dialog box is displayed.
4. Enter A:\Setup.exe and click OK.

5. Follow the instructions displayed on the screen to
complete installation.
6. Enter the old system parameters, maintenance controls,
and temperatures.
7. Proceed with setup and operation of the analyzer.

IR Cells Adjustment
The S-144DR allows the IR cells output range to be adjusted.

The cell output range is 7.500 to 9.500 VDC. An alarm occurs if
this range is exceeded. If the alarm occurs, the cells need to be
adjusted. The Zero adjustment should be set at 0.001 VDC.

These adjustments can only be made by qualified
personnel. There is 230V~ present on the oven
control card. To avoid shock, use extreme care
when making adjustment.
• The instrument must be at normal operating temperature

Note and the gas should be on before adjusting the cell output.

Diagnostic button on the toolbar. The Diagnostics dialog
box is displayed.
2. Remove the left side panel and the oven panel.

3. Locate the Zero (R24) and gain (R3) adjustment screws
on the cell (figure 9-1, page 9–9).
4. Locate and disconnect the chopper motor connector for
the cell.

• The J152 connector goes to the low sulfur cell; J152A goes
Note to the high sulfur cell.
5. Observe the IR Cell display in the Diagnostics dialog box.

The reading should drop to zero. If not, adjust the zero
control with a small screwdriver until the display indicates
0.001.
• The zero adjustment should be set at 0.001 VDC.

Note
6. Reconnect the chopper motor connect. The IR Cell display

in the Diagnostics dialog box should read 8.500 (±0.200
VDC). If not, adjust the gain control until the display
indicates 8.500 (±0.200 VDC).
• The gain can be adjusted without adjusting the zero control

Note each time.
7. Close the oven compartment and replace the left side

panel.
• After performing this procedure, allow the oven temperature

Note to stabilize before analyzing the samples.

Oven Temperature Adjustment
The oven temperature is controlled by the oven heater control

card. Adjustment procedures should be performed after the
oven heater control card has been replaced or when the IR
oven temperature falls out of range (48oC ± 1oC).

These adjustments can only be made by qualified
personnel. There is 230V~ present on the oven
control card. To avoid shock, use extreme care
when making adjustment.
• This adjustment requires a digital voltmeter.

Note

Diagnostic button on the toolbar. The Diagnostics
2. Observe the oven temperature in the Diagnostics

dialog box.
3. Remove the left side panel and the oven panel.
4. Locate the oven heater control card (figure 9-1,
page 9–9).
5. Locate R14, TP1, and TP2 (figure 9-2, page 9–10).

6. Connect the digital voltmeter leads. Connect the positive
lead to TP1 and the negative lead to TP2.
7. Adjust R14 to the desired oven temperature. A voltmeter
reading of 100 mV is equivalent to 1oC. For an oven
temperature of 48oC, the R14 should be adjusted so the
voltmeter reads 4.8 volts.
8. Disconnect the digital voltmeter.
9. Reinstall the oven panel and allow the temperature to
stabilize.
10. Recheck the oven temperature reading displayed in the
Diagnostics dialog box. The temperature should be 48oC
(±01oC).
11. Reinstall the left side panel.

GAIN
GAIN
ZERO
ADJUST
GAIN
ZERO
ADJUST
OVEN HEATER J152A J152

ZERO CONTROL CARD
ADJUST
Figure 9-1
Adjustment Locations

9–10
TP1
TP2
TEST
TP1 TP2
CR1
GND
R14
J224A
K1
R14
J224B COPYRIGHT C 1997

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
LECO CORPORATION
ST, JOSEPH, MI U.S.A.
S-144DR
J224C
Figure 9-2
R2 R6 R7
R1 U2 C1R8 U4 U5
Oven Heater Control Card
R3
R11
R10
U1 U3
TEMP C2 C3 C4
TP3 R4
R5 R9 R12
J224
C5 C6
C7
TP3
Electronic Adjustment
10 ServiceService
If you are still experiencing difficulties after referencing the

Service chapter, please contact the LECO Service Department at
269-982-5497 for assistance.
Service Parts ................................................................... 10–3
USB/ISA Interface Card Installation .................................... 10–4
Service S-144DR 10–1

10–2 S-144DR Service

Service Parts
• Refer to Options, page 1–15, for additional part numbers.

Note
606-224 Thermocouples
606-601-110 Heating Element Replacement Kit
609-399 Fan (Back Panel)
616-036 Fan (Oven)
616-038 Flat Heater Assembly
616-155 Heater (Oven) (2 required)
772-455 Pressure Switches
777-594-101 Oven Heater Control Card
781-434 Furnace Temperature Adjustment Pot
782-746 Power Line Filter (Incoming Power)
Service S-144DR 10–3

USB/ISA Interface Card Installation
The USB/ISA interface card should already be installed. Only

use this procedure when adding the USB/ISA interface card to
an older instrument or replacing the USB/ISA interface card in a
new instrument.
!

power source.
1. Turn the analyzer off and disconnect from facility power.

2. Remove the analyzer left side panel.
3. Insert the USB/ISA interface card into the top slot of the
electronic chassis (figure 11-1, page 11-3). The USB/ISA
interface card should snap into place.
4. Reinstall the analyzer left side panel.
10–4 S-144DR Service

11 Illustrations
lu
I
s
io
tra
n
The Illustration chapter can assist you in procedures, verify

information during setup, and help to locate parts and part numbers.
Figure 11-1 ....... Left Side View ........................................... 11-3
Figure 11-2 ....... Right Side View ......................................... 11-4
Figure 11-3 ....... 616-040 Inlet Gas Assembly........................ 11-5
Figure 11-4 ....... 606-616 High Sulfur IR Cell......................... 11-6
Figure 11-5 ....... 782-067 Low Sulfur IR Cell ......................... 11-7
Figure 11-6 ....... Vacuum Pump ........................................... 11-8
Illustrations S-144DR 11-1

11-2 S-144DR Illustrations

666-147-101
TC/IR PWR SUPPLY
CARD
777-759
777-504 IR OVEN
CHOPPER MOTOR INTERFACE
CARD CARD
666-001
8 POS. SOLENOID
INTERFACE
CARD
603-880
666-355 RELAY
USB
INTERFACE
CARD
777-710-120
A/D CARD
(16 BIT)
777-694
A/D CARD
(12 BIT)
777-695-110
DIGITAL I/O
CARD
778-492
FLOW
CONTROLLER
782-067
LOW SULFUR
IR CELL
ASSEMBLY
606-616
HIGH SULFUR
IR CELL
ASSEMBLY
666-224-110
OVEN HEATER 778-494
CARD FLOWMETER
616-036
OVEN FAN 765-537
ASSEMBLY FLOWMETER
666-121-110
FURNACE CONTROL
CARD
Figure 11-1
Left Side View

616-037
FURNACE
ASSEMBLY
772-455
PRESSURE
SWITCH
(616-040
INLET
GAS ASSY)
606-649
SOLENOID
VALVE
768-980
PARTICLE
FILTER
616-065
RELAY
607-157
RELAY
782-746
20 AMP LINE 602-699
606-327 FILTER CURRENT
REAGENT TUBE 608-604 TRANSFORMER
(2 REQ'D) POWER SUPPLY
616-041 CARD
768-980 VACUUM PUMP
PARTICLE FILTER 614-523 ASSEMBLY
(PART OF 606-270 CIRCUIT
BREAKER 666-014
LOWER ANHYDRONE
BLOCK ASSEMBLY) POWER
DISTRIBUTION
CARD
Figure 11-2
Right Side View

Figure 11-3
616-040 Inlet Gas Assembly

190-295
SCREW
11-6
(4 REQ'D)
781-987
SOURCE END
CAP
768-944
O-RING
781-942
190-247
IR SOURCE &
SCREW
REFLECTOR
(2 REQ'D)
190-766
SCREW
772-560 768-974
MOTOR CHOPPER MOTOR
BLADE 777-817
781-943 CARD
IR SOURCE
PLATE 781-637
190-174 783-038 SEAL PREAMP
SCREW STANDOFF CARD
S-144DR
(2 REQ'D) 190-866 (4 REQ'D) 781-638
Figure 11-4
SCREW SEAL
BACKING
772-809
606-616 High Sulfur IR Cell

BLOCK AND
WINDOWS ASSEMBLY 782-697
GASKET
782-065
IR DETECTOR
193-104
ASSEMBLY
WASHER
783-040
783-037 COVER
190-227
MOUNT ASSEMBLY
SCREW
(4 REQ’D) 193-006
WASHER
(4 REQ'D)
190-227
SCREW
(4 REQ'D)
Illustrations
Illustrations
190-820
SCREW
781-638 783-037 (3 REQ’D) 190-820 781-942 190-174
BACKING SEAL MOUNT SCREW IR SOURCE SCREW
(3 REQ’D) ASSEMBLY (2 REQ’D) 781-949
782-697 772-520 GUARD
INNER 0-RING 781-943 FEEDTHRU
772-557
781-637 GASKET (2 REQ’D) SOURCE
TUBE
PREAMP CARD (2 REQ’D) PLATE
SEAL 190-295
SCREW
772-804 781-990 (4 REQ’D)
GOLD PLATED O-RING 190-766
GLASS TUBE 777-066 (3 REQ’D) SCREW
190-227 TUBE BODY
SCREW
(4 REQ’D)
193-006
WASHER
(4 REQ’D) 12”
772-806
775-795 PLATE
768-944
S-144DR
SPACER (2 REQ’D)
783-040 190-227 O-RING
(2 REQ’D)
Figure 11-5
PREAMP SCREW 190-601 781-941
(4 REQ’D) 781-849-010 781-991-010 781-945
COVER SCREW SOURCE
DETECTOR SOURCE CYLINDER
193-104 (4 REQ’D) END CAP
BLOCK BLOCK
WASHER
768-974 772-560
777-817 782-056 CHOPPER MOTOR
782-067 Low Sulfur IR Cell

PREAMP CHOPPER BLADE
TUBE CELL BODY
CARD ASSEMBLY 190-866 772-561 190-247
SET SCREW IR SOURCE SCREW
770-838 REFLECTOR
190-766 (2 REQ’D)
THERMAL PLATE
RESISTOR SCREW
783-038
HEX SPACER
(4 REQ’D)
11-7
193-006
STAR WASHER
(4 REQ’D)
606-208
BRACKET
190-227
SCREW
(4 REQ’D)
774-571
PUMP
772-458
FITTING
(2 REQ’D)
194-056
NUT
(8 REQ’D)
781-677
MOUNT
(4 REQ’D)
615-981
BRACKET
616-075
STRAP ASSEMBLY
775-133
FOAM TAPE
(3 REQ’D)
Figure 11-6
Vacuum Pump

12 Schematics
S
h
c
m
es
tic
a
The Schematics chapter provides information on the circuit boards

and wiring for the AMA254 Advanced Mercury Analyzer.
Illustrations ..................................................................... 12-2
SC-144DR Family Cabinet Schematics Part List ..................... 12-3
Schematics S-144DR 12-1

Illustrations

12-2 S-144DR Schematics

SC-144DR Family Cabinet Schematics Part List
Assemblies Heaters
A1 ............................................ Power Cord, 30A, 125/250V ............................. 606-113 HR1........................................... IR Emitter Source #1.......................................775-561
A2 ............................................ 16-bit A/D Card .............................................. 777-710-210 HR2........................................... IR Emitter Source #2.......................................772-561
A3 ............................................ 16-bit A/D Card .............................................. 777-710-130 HR3........................................... IR Emitter Source #3.......................................772-561
A5 ............................................ Digital I/O Card .............................................. 777-695-110 HR4........................................... Furnace Heater ...............................................606-601
A6 ............................................ Bus Extender Card .......................................... 666-355 HR5........................................... Oven Heater ...................................................616-039
A8 ............................................ Power Supply Card.......................................... 608-604 HR6........................................... Oven Heater ...................................................616-039
A9 ............................................ Power Distribution Card ................................... 666-014 Motors
A10 .......................................... Solenoid Drive Card ........................................ 666-001 M1 ............................................ Chopper Motor Cell #1 .....................................772-560
A11 .......................................... Snubber ........................................................ 773-666 M2 ............................................ Chopper Motor Cell #2 .....................................772-560
A13 .......................................... IR Oven Interface Card.................................... 777-759 M3 ............................................ Chopper Motor Cell #3 .....................................772-560
A14 .......................................... IR Cell Power Supply Card................................ 666-147-101 M4 ............................................ Oven Fan, 120V 60Hz 0.5A ...............................611-478
A15 .......................................... IR Preamp Card (SC-144DR & C-144) ................ 777-818 M5 ............................................ Cabinet Fan, 115V 50/60Hz ..............................606-202
A16 .......................................... IR Preamp Card (SC-144DR & S-144DR) ............ 777-817 M6 ............................................ Pump ............................................................774-571
A17 .......................................... IR Preamp Card (SC-144DR & S-144DR) ............ 777-817 Relay
A18 .......................................... Oven Heater Control Card ................................ 666-224-110 K1............................................. Relay.............................................................603-880
A19 .......................................... Chopper Motor Drive Card................................ 777-504 K2............................................. SSR, Furnace..................................................616-065
A20 .......................................... 5 position Interconnect Chassis Card ................. 666-040 K3............................................. Alarm ............................................................607-157
A4 ............................................ 12-bit A/D Card .............................................. 777-694 Resistor
A12 .......................................... Analog Furnace Control Card ............................ 666-378-110 R1............................................. 5K.................................................................769-171
A7 ............................................ PC Bus Extender Card ..................................... 666-118-111 Switches
Circuit Breakers S1............................................. Power Switch/Circuit Breaker, 20A, 250V............614-523
S1 ............................................ Power Switch/Circuit Breaker, 20A, 250V ........... 614-523 S2............................................. Incoming Pressure...........................................772-455
CB1 .......................................... 3A ................................................................ 778-950 S3............................................. Clog Alarm .....................................................772-455
Filters Thermocouple
FL1 ........................................... RFI Line Filter, 20A ......................................... 782-746 TC1 ........................................... Furnace Thermocouple .....................................606-224
Solenoid Valves TC2 ........................................... Furnace Thermocouple .....................................606-224
L1............................................. Pump ............................................................ 606-649 Transformer
T1 ............................................. Transformer ...................................................602-699-010
Schematics S-144DR 12-3

Figure 12-1
150-851 Cabinet Schematics—Page 1 of 3
12–4 S-144DR Schematics

Figure 12-2
Schematics S-144DR 12–5

Figure 12-3
12–6 S-144DR Schematics

13 IndexIndex
A
About
Examples................................................................... 4–1
Help Menu ............................................................... 4–33
Absorption.................................................................... 7–4
Access, On-Board Manual ............................................. 4–35
Accessories................................................................. 1–16
Accessory Pack .................................................. 1–17, 1–18
Adapter........................................................................ 6–4
Add
Sample ................................................................... 4–20
Toolbar...................................................... 1–22, 4–30
Samples Menu.......................................................... 4–32
Standard ................................................................. 5–18
User-Defined Field .................................................... 5–31
Adjust
Furnace Temperature ................................................ 4–53
IR Cells ..................................................................... 9–5
Oven Temperature ...................................................... 9–7
Adjustment, Locations.................................................... 9–9
Advanced Full-Text Search............................................ 4–46
Analysis
Calibration ............................................................... 5–22
First Time .................................................................. 5–3
Perform................................................................... 5–28
Time ....................................................................... 1–19
Analytical Flow Diagram ............................................... 7–12
Analyze
Samples Menu.......................................................... 4–32
Toolbar .......................................................... 1–22, 4–30
Installation ................................................................ 2–3
Available Functions, User-Defined Fields ......................... 5–34
Index S-144DR 13–1

B
Back, Toolbar.............................................................. 4–39
Balance........................................................................ 3–3
Configure, Parameters ................................................. 4–6
Control Panel ............................................................. 3–7
Definitions ................................................................. 4–7
Illustration................................................................. 3–7
Installation ................................................................ 3–3
Range ..................................................................... 1–19
Readability .............................................................. 1–19
Reset ........................................................................ 3–4
Basic Rules
Nested Expressions ................................................... 4–47
Search Topics........................................................... 4–43
Baud Rate
Balance ............................................................ 1–22, 4–7
Data Transmit ................................................. 1–22, 4–10
Blanks ........................................................................5-16
Braided Cable
Illustration............................................................... 2–29
Installation .............................................................. 2–29
Buttons ...................................................................... 1–11
Move, Columns......................................................... 4–22
C
Cabinet Schematics ......................................................12-3
Calibrate
Cubic Curve ............................................................. 7–11
Furnace, Tools Menu ................................................. 4–33
Quadratic Curve ....................................................... 7–10
Tools Menu .............................................................. 4–33
Calibration.................................................................. 5–22
Analysis .................................................................. 5–22
Curve...................................................................... 5–25
Curves ...................................................................... 7–8
Cubic ................................................................. 7–11
Linear .................................................................. 7–9
Quadratic............................................................ 7–10
Linear Curve .............................................................. 7–9
Specification ............................................................ 1–19
Toolbar .......................................................... 1–22, 4–30
Card, Oven Heater Control ............................................ 9–10
Caution
Operator ................................................................... 1–9
Symbols .................................................................. 1–10
13–2 S-144DR Index

Cell
Adjustment ................................................................ 9–5
High Sulfur ...............................................................11-6
Low Sulfur ................................................................11-7
View Data................................................................ 5–37
Change
Height, On-Board Manual ........................................... 4–37
Size, On-Board Manual .............................................. 4–37
Width, On-Board Manual ............................................ 4–37
Check Boxes, Dialog Box .............................................. 4–17
Chemical Reagent........................................................ 1–19
Circuit Breaker .............................................................. 4–5
Codes, Format ............................................................ 4–28
Columns..................................................................... 4–22
Definitions ............................................................... 4–24
Format .................................................................... 4–26
Resize ..................................................................... 4–23
View Menu ............................................................... 4–33
Combustion
Shelf
Illustration .......................................................... 2–32
Installation ......................................................... 2–11
System
Illustration ................................................. 2–30, 2–31
Installation ........................................................... 2–9
Command Buttons, Dialog Box ...................................... 4–17
Commands
Execute ................................................................... 4–15
Menu Shortcuts ........................................................ 4–51
Comparator Level .......................................................... 7–5
Component
Installation ..................................................... 2–27, 6–12
Pack ....................................................................... 1–16
Components ............................................................... 1–16
Computer
Dimensions .............................................................. 1–20
Illustration............................................................... 2–25
Installation .............................................................. 2–15
Maintenance ............................................................ 6–10
Specification ............................................................ 1–19
Configure, Balance, Parameters ....................................... 4–6
Conformity, Declaration................................................ 1–13

Connect
Exhaust Tube ........................................................... 2–14
Gas ........................................................................ 2–13
Contents
Find Topic................................................................ 4–38
Navigation Pane ....................................................... 4–36
Tab, Shortcuts.......................................................... 4–50
Control Panel, Balance ................................................... 3–7
Controller Card............................................................ 4–54
Controls ....................................................................... 4–5
Illustration............................................................... 4–52
Copy
Edit Menu ................................................................ 4–32
Topic ...................................................................... 4–39
Create, Method ........................................................... 5–10
Cubic
Calibration Curve ...................................................... 7–11
Curve, Calibrating ..................................................... 7–11
Curve
Cubic ...................................................................... 7–11
Linear ....................................................................... 7–9
Quadratic ................................................................ 7–10
Curves
Calibration ........................................................ 5–25, 7–8
Intercepts.................................................................. 7–8
Customize, On-Board Manual ........................................ 4–37
D
Data
Bits
Balance ....................................................... 1–22, 4–7
Data Transmit ............................................ 1–22, 4–10
Output Parameters, Set ............................................... 3–5
Print Results ................................................... 5–41, 5–42
Transmit.................................................................. 5–48
Definitions .......................................................... 4–10
Parameters ........................................................... 4–8
View
IR Cell ................................................................ 5–37
Sample............................................................... 5–35
Database, Validate....................................................... 5–52
Date, Columns .......................................... 1–22, 4–24, 4–25
Declaration of Conformity ............................................. 1–13
Define, Search Terms................................................... 4–42

Definitions .................................................................. 1–22
Balance ..................................................................... 4–7
Columns .................................................................. 4–24
Data Transmit .......................................................... 4–10
Toolbar Buttons ........................................................ 4–30
Delete
Method.................................................................... 5–15
Samples .................................................................. 4–32
Standard ................................................................. 5–21
User-Defined Field .................................................... 5–34
Description, Columns .......................................... 1–22, 4–24
DeskJet Printer Kit ....................................................... 1–17
Detection ..................................................................... 7–4
Method.................................................................... 1–19
Diagnostics................................................................... 8–3
Toolbar .......................................................... 1–22, 4–30
Tools Menu .............................................................. 4–33
Dialog Boxes, Use........................................................ 4–16
Dimensions................................................................. 1–20
Display Options, Print................................................... 5–44
Disposable Particle Filter................................................. 6–5
Front ........................................................................ 6–5
Internal..................................................................... 6–6
Drop-Down List Boxes, Dialog Box ................................. 4–17
Dual Furnace Controller Card......................................... 4–54
E
Edit
Menu ...................................................................... 4–32
Method.................................................................... 5–13
Electrical Power Requirements ....................................... 1–19
Element, Installation ...................................................... 2–5
Elements, Illustration ................................................... 2–28
Enter, Text ................................................................. 4–21
Equipment Packages .................................................... 1–14
Examples, About ........................................................... 4–1
Execute, Commands .................................................... 4–15
Exhaust Tube, Connections ........................................... 2–14
Exit, Samples Menu ..................................................... 4–32

Export
Results.................................................................... 5–49
Samples Menu.......................................................... 4–32
Setup...................................................................... 2–23
Information, Tools Menu ....................................... 4–33
Expressions, Nested..................................................... 4–47
F
Facility Requirements ................................................... 2–24
Fan Filter...................................................................... 6–7
Favorite Topics List ...................................................... 4–41
Favorites
Navigation Pane ....................................................... 4–36
Tab, Shortcuts.......................................................... 4–50
Fields, User-Defined..................................................... 4–23
Filter, Disposable Particle................................................ 6–5
Front ........................................................................ 6–5
Internal..................................................................... 6–6
Filter, Fan..................................................................... 6–7
Find, Topic ................................................................. 4–38
Using Toolbar Buttons ............................................... 4–39
First Time Analysis......................................................... 5–3
Flow Diagram.............................................................. 7–12
Format Code
Picture .................................................................... 4–28
Scientific, Figures ..................................................... 4–28
Scientific, Notation.................................................... 4–28
Format
Codes ..................................................................... 4–28
Columns .................................................................. 4–26
Forward, Toolbar ......................................................... 4–39
Front, Disposable Particle Filter........................................ 6–5
Full-Text Search .......................................................... 4–46
Advanced ................................................................ 4–46
Functions, User-Defined Fields....................................... 5–34
Furnace
Calibrate Temperature............................................... 4–12
Controller Card ......................................................... 4–54
Set Temperature ...................................................... 4–11
Specification ............................................................ 1–19
Temperature Adjustment ........................................... 4–53

G
Gas
Connections ............................................................. 2–13
Required ................................................................. 1–19
General Tab, IR Cell Data ............................................. 5–39
Ground Strap Installation.............................................. 2–18
H
Hazardous Material Pack............................................... 1–17
Heater Control Card ..................................................... 9–10
Heating Element
Illustration............................................................... 2–28
Installation ................................................................ 2–5
Height, On-Board Manual.............................................. 4–37
Help
Menu ............................................................. 4–31, 4–33
Toolbar .......................................................... 1–22, 4–30
Topics, Help Menu..................................................... 4–33
Use......................................................................... 4–18
Hide
Navigation Pane ....................................................... 4–36
Toolbar ................................................................... 4–39
High, Sulfur
Area, Columns................................................. 1–22, 4–25
Columns ......................................................... 1–22, 4–24
Peak, Columns ................................................ 1–22, 4–24
Tab, IR Cell.............................................................. 5–40
Time, Columns ................................................ 1–22, 4–25
Highlight Words in Topics.............................................. 4–44
Home, Toolbar ............................................................ 4–39
I
Illustrations List ............................................................ 1–7
Import, Setup ............................................................. 2–21
Information, Tools Menu ............................................ 4–33
Index
Find Topic................................................................ 4–38
Navigation Pane ....................................................... 4–36
Indicators..................................................................... 4–5
Illustration............................................................... 4–52
Infrared Radiation ......................................................... 7–4
Inlet Gas, Illustration ....................................................11-5

Install
Analyzer ....................................................................2–3
Balance ..................................................................... 3–3
Braided Cable........................................................... 2–29
Combustion
Shelf .................................................................. 2–11
System................................................................. 2–9
Components ................................................... 2–27, 6–12
Computer ................................................................ 2–15
Ground Strap ........................................................... 2–18
Heating Element ......................................................... 2–5
Internationally............................................................ 2–4
Reagent Tube........................................................... 2–12
Sliding Door ............................................................. 2–11
Software ................................................................. 2–19
USB
Cable ................................................................. 2–17
Interface Card ..................................................... 10–4
Intercepts .................................................................... 7–8
Interference to Other Devices........................................ 1–12
Internal, Disposable Particle Filter .................................... 6–6
International Installation ................................................ 2–4
IR Cell
Adjustment ................................................................ 9–5
Sulfur
High....................................................................11-6
Low ....................................................................11-7
View Data................................................................ 5–37
K
Keyboard Key Combinations.......................................... 4–15
Keys, Shortcut ............................................................ 4–49
L
LECO, Toolbar ............................................................. 4–39
Linear
Calibration Curve ........................................................ 7–9
Curve, Calibrating ....................................................... 7–9
Low, Sulfur
Area, Columns................................................. 1–22, 4–24
Columns ......................................................... 1–22, 4–24
Peak, Columns ................................................ 1–23, 4–24
Tab, IR Cell.............................................................. 5–40
Time, Columns ................................................ 1–23, 4–24

M
Main, Software Window ................................................ 4–14
Maintenance Schedule.................................................... 6–3
Measure Flow Flowmeter ................................................ 4–5
Menu
Commands .............................................................. 4–15
Edit ........................................................................ 4–32
Help............................................................... 4–31, 4–33
References............................................................... 4–31
Sample ................................................................... 4–31
Samples .................................................................. 4–32
Shortcut Commands.................................................. 4–51
Tools ............................................................. 4–31, 4–33
View ....................................................................... 4–33
Menus........................................................................ 4–32
Method
Columns ......................................................... 1–23, 4–24
Create..................................................................... 5–10
Delete ..................................................................... 5–15
Edit ........................................................................ 5–13
Print ....................................................................... 5–14
Methods ..................................................................... 5–10
Toolbar .......................................................... 1–23, 4–30
Tools Menu .............................................................. 4–33
Minimum Requirements ................................................ 2–16
Moisture, Percent, Columns.................................. 1–23, 4–24
Monitor
Dimensions .............................................................. 1–20
Specification ............................................................ 1–19
Mouse, Use................................................................. 4–15
Mouse-Activated Buttons .............................................. 4–15
Move Buttons, Columns ................................................ 4–22
N
Name, Columns.................................................. 1–23, 4–24
Navigation Pane .......................................................... 4–36
Tabs ....................................................................... 4–36
Navigational Buttons .................................................... 1–11
Nested Expressions...................................................... 4–47
Notice, Warranty ........................................................... 1–9

O
On-Board Manual
Access .................................................................... 4–35
Customize ............................................................... 4–37
Shortcuts................................................................. 4–49
Use......................................................................... 4–34
Operator, Columns ............................................. 1–23, 4–24
Options ...................................................................... 1–15
Toolbar ................................................................... 4–39
Tools Menu .............................................................. 4–33
O-ring, Reagent Tube..................................................... 6–8
Output Parameters, Set.................................................. 3–5
Oven
Heater Control Card .................................................. 9–10
Temperature, Adjustment ............................................ 9–7
P
Pane
Navigation ............................................................... 4–36
Sample ................................................................... 4–19
Parameters
Configure, Balance ...................................................... 4–6
Data Transmit ............................................................ 4–8
Set Data Output ......................................................... 3–5
Parity
Balance ............................................................ 1–23, 4–7
Data Transmit ................................................. 1–23, 4–10
Particle Filter ................................................................ 6–5
Front ........................................................................ 6–5
Internal..................................................................... 6–6
Paste, Edit Menu ......................................................... 4–32
PC
Illustration............................................................... 2–25
Installation .............................................................. 2–15
Tower Kit................................................................. 1–18
Perform Analysis ......................................................... 5–28
Periodic Maintenance Schedule ........................................ 6–3
Phrases, Search .......................................................... 4–43
Picture Format Code .................................................... 4–28
Port
Balance ............................................................ 1–23, 4–7
Data Transmit ................................................. 1–23, 4–10
Precision .................................................................... 1–19

Previous Results Search................................................ 4–48
Print
Data Results ............................................................ 5–41
Display Options ........................................................ 5–43
Method.................................................................... 5–15
Preview
Results ............................................................... 5–41
Samples Menu ..................................................... 4–32
Result Data.............................................................. 5–41
Samples Menu.......................................................... 4–32
Setup, Results.......................................................... 5–41
Standard ................................................................. 5–20
Toolbar ................................................. 1–23, 4–30, 4–39
Topic ...................................................................... 4–40
Printer
Kit .......................................................................... 1–17
Maintenance ............................................................ 6–11
Option....................................................................... 3–6
Program, Upgrade ......................................................... 9–4
Properties, Samples Menu............................................. 4–32
Proportionately Change Size, On-Board Manual................ 4–37
Pump, Vacuum.............................................................11-8
Purge Flow Flowmeter .................................................... 4–5
Q
Quadratic
Calibration Curve ...................................................... 7–10
Curve, Calibrating ..................................................... 7–10
R
Radial Button, Dialog Box ............................................. 4–17
Range ........................................................................ 1–19
Readability ................................................................. 1–19
Reagent Tube ............................................................... 4–5
Illustration...................................................... 2–33, 6–13
Installation .............................................................. 2–12
Maintenance .............................................................. 6–9
Removal ......................................................... 2–33, 6–13
Recalculate
Results.................................................................... 5–30
Samples Menu.......................................................... 4–32
References, Menu ........................................................ 4–31
Registration, Security..................................................... 9–3

Regulator, Specification ................................................ 1–19
Remove, Reagent Tube ....................................... 2–33, 6–13
Reposition, On-Board Manual ........................................ 4–37
Requirements
Facility .................................................................... 2–24
Minimum ................................................................. 2–16
Reset
Balance ..................................................................... 3–4
Button, Columns....................................................... 4–22
Resize
Columns .................................................................. 4–23
On-Board Manual...................................................... 4–37
Result Data, Print ........................................................ 5–41
Results
Export..................................................................... 5–49
Previous Search........................................................ 4–48
Recalculate .............................................................. 5–30
S
S-144DR
Cabinet Schematics....................................................12-3
Dimensions .............................................................. 1–20
Illustration............................................................... 1–21
Left Side View ...........................................................11-3
Package .................................................................. 1–14
Right Side View .........................................................11-4
S-144DRPC, Package ................................................... 1–14
Sample ...................................................................... 4–20
Add ........................................................................ 4–20
Delete ..................................................................... 4–20
Menu ...................................................................... 4–31
Pane ....................................................................... 4–19
Size ........................................................................ 1–19
View Data,............................................................... 5–35
Samples..................................................................... 4–20
Menu ...................................................................... 4–32
Schematics, Cabinet .....................................................12-3
Scientific
Figures Format ......................................................... 4–28
Notation Format ....................................................... 4–28
Scroll Bars, Dialog Box ................................................. 4–17

Search
Advanced Full-Text ................................................... 4–46
Define Terms ........................................................... 4–42
Find Topic................................................................ 4–38
Full-Text.................................................................. 4–46
Navigation Pane ....................................................... 4–36
Phrases ................................................................... 4–43
Previous Results ....................................................... 4–48
Tab, Shortcuts.......................................................... 4–50
Titles ...................................................................... 4–44
Topics ..................................................................... 4–43
Words ..................................................................... 4–43
Searches, On-Board Manual .......................................... 4–42
Security, Registration..................................................... 9–3
Select, Language, Tools Menu ....................................... 4–33
Service Parts .............................................................. 10–3
Set
Data Output Parameters .............................................. 3–5
Setup
Export..................................................................... 2–23
Import .................................................................... 2–21
Information ............................................................. 2–21
Shipping Weight .......................................................... 1–20
Shortcut
Keys .............................................................. 4–15, 4–49
Menu Commands ...................................................... 4–51
Shortcuts ................................................................... 4–49
Show, Navigation Pane................................................. 4–36
Size, Change, On-Board Manual..................................... 4–37
Sliding Door
Illustration............................................................... 2–32
Installation .............................................................. 2–11
Software
Installation .............................................................. 2–19
Kit .......................................................................... 1–16
Overview ........................................................ 2–19, 4–14
Start Up .................................................................. 2–20
Upgrade .................................................................... 9–4
Specifications.............................................................. 1–19
Spreadsheet ............................................................... 4–19

Standards .................................................................. 5–18
Add ........................................................................ 5–18
Delete ..................................................................... 5–21
Print ....................................................................... 5–20
Toolbar .......................................................... 1–23, 4–30
Tools Menu .............................................................. 4–33
Start Up, Software....................................................... 2–20
Static......................................................................... 1–12
Status Bar
Use......................................................................... 4–29
View Menu ............................................................... 4–33
Stop
Bits
Balance ....................................................... 1–23, 4–7
Data Transmit ............................................ 1–23, 4–10
Toolbar .......................................................... 1–23, 4–30
Sulfur
Area, Columns.......................................................... 1–23
Columns ......................................................... 1–23, 4–24
IR Cell
High....................................................................11-6
Low ....................................................................11-7
Peak, Columns ................................................ 1–23, 4–24
Tab
High................................................................... 5–40
Low ................................................................... 5–40
Time, Columns ................................................ 1–23, 4–24
T
Tabs, Dialog Box ......................................................... 4–17
Temperature
Adjust Furnace ......................................................... 4–53
Calibrate Furnace...................................................... 4–12
Oven, Adjust .............................................................. 9–7
Set Furnace ............................................................. 4–11
Terms, Search ............................................................ 4–42
Text
Boxes, Dialog Box ..................................................... 4–17
Enter ...................................................................... 4–21
Theory of Operation ....................................................... 7–3
Title, Search ............................................................... 4–44
Toolbar
Button Definitions ..................................................... 4–30
Find Topics .............................................................. 4–39
Use......................................................................... 4–30
View Menu ............................................................... 4–33

Tools, Menu ....................................................... 4–31, 4–33
Topic
Copy....................................................................... 4–39
Find ........................................................................ 4–38
Print ....................................................................... 4–40
Search .................................................................... 4–43
Topics
Favorites ................................................................. 4–41
Highlight Words ........................................................ 4–44
On-Board Manual...................................................... 4–38
Transmit
Data ....................................................................... 5–48
Parameters ........................................................... 4–8
Samples Menu.......................................................... 4–32
Tube, Reagent
Illustration............................................................... 6–13
Installation ..................................................... 2–12, 2–33
Maintenance .............................................................. 6–9
Removal .................................................................. 2–33
U
Upgrade, Software......................................................... 9–4
USB
Cable Installation...................................................... 2–17
Interface Card Installation.......................................... 10–4
Use
Dialog Boxes ............................................................ 4–16
Help........................................................................ 4–18
Mouse ..................................................................... 4–15
On-Board Manual...................................................... 4–34
Status Bar ............................................................... 4–29
Toolbar ................................................................... 4–30
User-Defined Field ....................................................... 5–31
Add ........................................................................ 5–31
Delete ..................................................................... 5–34
User-Defined Fields...................................................... 4–23
V
Vacuum Pump..............................................................11-8
Validate Database........................................................ 5–51
Tools Menu .............................................................. 4–33
View
IR Cell Data ............................................................. 5–37
Menu ...................................................................... 4–33
Sample Data ............................................................ 5–35

W
Warning Symbols ........................................................ 1–10
Warranty...................................................................... 1–8
Weight
Columns ......................................................... 1–24, 4–24
Specifications .......................................................... 1–20
What's This
Help Menu ............................................................... 4–33
Toolbar .......................................................... 1–24, 4–30
Width, On-Board Manual............................................... 4–37
Window, Main Software ................................................ 4–14
Wiring Diagram ........................................................... 2–26
Word
Highlight ................................................................. 4–44
Search .................................................................... 4–43
Similar to Search Term .............................................. 4–45

Leco S 144dr

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S-144DR

Dual Range Sulfur

1–2 S-144DR Introduction

Introduction S-144DR 1–3

1–4 S-144DR Introduction

Introduction S-144DR 1–5

1–6 S-144DR Introduction

Figure 1-1 ......... S-144DR System ....................................... 1–21

Introduction S-144DR 1–7

Equipment manufactured by LECO Corporation, St. Joseph,

1–8 S-144DR Introduction

LECO is a registered trademark of LECO Corporation.

Introduction S-144DR 1–9

The following symbols may be found on LECO equipment or

WARNING This symbol indicates a risk of electrical shock.

WARNING This symbol indicates a high temperature

LECO equipment should be operated only by technically

1–10 S-144DR Introduction

The following buttons may be found throughout the onboard

Definitions—Jumps to a list of definitions pertaining to the

Example—An example for the current topic will appear in a

Illustration—Jumps to an illustration designed to give visual

View Screen—A screen shot will appear in a pop-up screen to

Related Topics—A dialog box will appear in a pop-up screen

Introduction S-144DR 1–11

• Reorient or relocate the radio or television receiving

• Increase the separation between the equipment and the

• Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different

• Consult the radio or television dealer or an experienced

1–12 S-144DR Introduction

Introduction S-144DR 1–13

• Items listed below are repeated throughout this manual and

• For a complete listing of kits and packages, see

1–14 S-144DR Introduction

To place an order by phone, please call our customer service

• For kit contents, refer to Components and Accessories List,

• Refer to Service Parts, page 10–3, for service items part

529-204-250 Combustion Boat

Introduction S-144DR 1–15

259-014 Software Kit

606-000-071 Component Pack

1–16 S-144DR Introduction

616-079 Accessory Pack

620-630-110 DeskJet Printer Kit

Introduction S-144DR 1–17

789-431 Accessory Pack

1–18 S-144DR Introduction

Range (at 350 mg)* ........................... 5 ppm or 0.0005% to 26%

* Saturation is dependent upon sample type and weight.

Introduction S-144DR 1–19

1–20 S-144DR Introduction

Introduction S-144DR 1–21

#—Shows the numeric sequence in which the sample was

1–22 S-144DR Introduction

Introduction S-144DR 1–23

1–24 S-144DR Introduction

The Installation chapter guides you through the hardware setup

Installation S-144DR 2–1

Figure 2-1 ......... Facility Requirements ................................. 2–24

2–2 S-144DR Installation

WARNING HIGH VOLTAGE HAZARD

1. Provide a solid and level work surface with convenient

• A male plug and a female receptacle are supplied for the