Assignment-II

1. How ergonomics affects the performance of employees? Illustrate

1. Ergonomics reduces costs. By systematically reducing

ergonomic risk factors, you can prevent costly MSDs. With
approximately $1 out of every $3 in workers compensation costs
attributed to MSDs, this represents an opportunity for significant
cost savings. Also, don’t forget that indirect costs can be up to
twenty times the direct cost of an injury.

2. Ergonomics improves productivity. The best ergonomic solutions

will often improve productivity. By designing a job to allow for good
posture, less exertion, fewer motions and better heights and
reaches, the workstation becomes more efficient.

3. Ergonomics improves quality. Poor ergonomics leads to

frustrated and fatigued workers that don’t do their best work. When
the job task is too physically taxing on the worker, they may not
perform their job like they were trained. For example, an employee
might not fasten a screw tight enough due to a high force
requirement which could create a product quality issue.

4. Ergonomics improves employee engagement. Employees notice

when the company is putting forth their best efforts to ensure their
health and safety. If an employee does not experience fatigue and
discomfort during their workday, it can reduce turnover, decrease
absenteeism, improve morale and increase employee involvement.

5. Ergonomics creates a better safety culture. Ergonomics shows

your company’s commitment to safety and health as a core value.
The cumulative effect of the previous four benefits of ergonomics is
a stronger safety culture for your company. Healthy employees are
your most valuable asset; creating and fostering the safety & health
culture at your company will lead to better human performance for
your organization.
2. Explain various principles of industrial safety management in context
of manufacturing units.

Safety in Transportation

Many businesses rely heavily on transportation to implement and deliver their services. Whether
receiving or sending materials, it’s important to heed safety in transportation and avoid cutting
costs associated with hiring drivers. In addition to the monetary loss, a transportation hazard can
put lives at risk if a driver is inexperienced or inattentive.

Radiation Safety

Excessive exposure to radiation can cause tissue damage that can result in severe injury or death.
Ionizing radiation has sufficient energy — enough to ionize atoms that could destabilize molecules
within cells, leading to tissue damage. With this in mind, if there’s any possible risk of radiation
exposure, it’s important to leave the proximity immediately. Reducing time of exposure can
decrease the dose dramatically.

Chemical Safety

Chemicals can be dangerous and exposure may cause injury or death. Regarding chemical safety
management, it’s advised for workplaces to label any potentially hazardous chemicals. In the same
vicinity, there should be instructions for use, as well as precautions to pay attention to, such as
evacuation procedures and methods for treating exposure.

Explosive Safety

Machines, chemicals, and various transportation methods are abundant at many workplaces,
prompting a concern regarding explosions due to misuse or electrical malfunctions. Routine
electrical inspections should be made to prevent explosions.

Machining Safety

Machines play a large role in many workplace facilities, with forklifts, factory vehicles, and automation
machines being a common sight. While it’s common sense that the machine’s operator should be fully
educated on maneuvering the machine, it’s also important to notify surrounding workers of potential risks.

3. “Safety professionals must have the required knowledge an managerial

skills to manage safety functions of an organisation”. Justify the
statement.

Safety professionals have long been the mainstay of EHS performance. Even as
methodologies evolve, new tools emerge, and thinking changes, organizations have
counted on these practitioners to guide the core of EHS functioning. Still, changes in the
business landscape are beginning to change that role. Businesses have moved to flatter
organizational models, leaders have less discretionary time, and competition is
increasingly global. Whether you are working at a plant site or in a corporate office, the
new reality is that what made you successful in the past may not be enough for success
in the future.

To start, safety professionals must contend with threats to people that exist in greater
number and variety than ever before, among them pandemics, terrorism, and on-the-job
violence. Within the organization, old, reliable landmarks have shifted—beyond
recognition, in some cases. Fewer people must do more work faster and with fewer
resources. Technology is moving at light speed. Employees work under less supervision,
in flatter organizations, and with responsibility for increasingly complex decisions. The
workforce is also aging, and years of downsizing have left a declining manufacturing
base and an influx of newer, less-experienced employees at every level. The
organizations that survive must not only deal successfully with these problems, but also
must do so in an atmosphere of less tolerance for injuries and environmental mistakes
and a higher penchant for litigation.