BIO02/IS203

Group 8 Date: January 24, 2019

Santos, Fatima
Sy, Denver
Taburno, Alisha
Tomelden, Joshua Elijah
Velasquez, Joshwald

1. Using the codon table for mRNA, identify a 5’→3’ sequence of nucleotides in the DNA template
strand for an mRNA coding for the polypeptide sequence of Phe-Pro-Lys.

 Phe - UUU/UUC; Pro - CCU/CCC/CCA/CCG; Lys - AAA/AAG

 mRNA 5’ - UUUCCAAAG - 3’
DNA 3’ - TTTGGTTTC - 5’
 DNA 5’ - CTTTGGTTT - 3’

2. Who was Mendel and how did he contribute to the progress of Science?
The “Father of Genetics”, Gregor Johann Mendel was born on July 22, 1822. He came
form a poor farming family from Northern Moravia (now part of Czech Republic). Although
his family valued education, Mendel struggled to pay for his education because they had little
 resources. He later became an Augustinian monk in Brunn (now Brno). He continued his
education at the University of Vienna then became a physics professor for 16 years. He was
usually at home in the monastery’s botanical garden where he spent many hours a day
breeding fuchsias and pea plants.

Mendel crossbred different pea plants in order to better study the inheritance patterns
in living organisms. His observations led to more experiments, which led to prescient
conclusions. He established the principles of inheritance, coined the terms dominant and
recessive, and used the statistical methods to analyze and predict hereditary information. For
eight years, Mendel cultivated thousands of pea plants and used a paintbrush to transfer
pollen from one plant to another to make his crosses. His published paper on 1865 was not
recognized until after his death on January 6, 1884 because of a kidney failure. His work is
considered fundamental in understanding how genetic material can be modified.

3. Briefly define the following terms:

a) Allele – a viable DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) coding that occupies a locus (position)
on a chromosome
b) P Generation – the P stands for parental; the first set of parents crossed in which their
genotype is the basis for predicting the genotype of their offspring
c) F1 Generation – refers to the first filial generation; filial generations are the nomenclature
given to subsequent sets of offspring from controlled or observed reproduction
d) F2 Generation – the generation produced by interbreeding individuals of an F1 generation
and consisting of individuals that exhibit the result of recombination and segregation of genes
controlling traits for which stocks of the P1 generation differ
e) Dominant – an allele or a gene that is expressed in an organism’s phenotype, masking the
effect of the recessive allele or gene when present; a dominant allele produces a dominant
phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele, which can come from just one
parent
f) Recessive – an allele or a gene whose phenotypic expression is masked by a dominant gene
or allele; for a recessive allele to produce a recessive phenotype, the individual must have two
copies, one from each parent
g) Homozygous – an individual who carries two of the same alleles for a certain gene
h) Heterozygous – an individual who carries two different alleles for a particular gene
i) Phenotype – is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an individual
.organism, determined by both genetic make-up and environmental influences, for example,
height, weight and skin color
j) Genotype – is the genetic make-up of an individual organism; functions as a set of instructions
for the growth and development of the body; the word ‘genotype’ is usually used when talking
about the genetics of a particular trait (like eye color)
References:
 Olby, R. (2019). Gregor Mendel. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gregor-
Mendel
 Children Resemble Their Parents.” (n.d.) Retrieved from http://www.dnaftb.org/1/bio.html
 Gregor Mendel: A Private Scientist. (2014). Retrieved from
https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/gregor-mendel-a-private-scientist-6618227