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AASHTO b-q Calculator

This Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet was written by Evan Bentz, Ph.D. Candidate at the University of Toronto

Synopsis: This spreadsheet will calculate the code values of beta and theta for given values of:
1) concrete strength
2) ex strain
3) shear stress ratio (v/fc')

Method: It is based on the Modified Compression Field Theory.


It iterates on theta, minimizing a cost function that relates to to the total volume of reinforcement
Iteration uses the optimization functions built into excel
There is one macro that allows easy access to the "tools|solver" menu option. It is also available as "control-i"

Reference none yet. Take a look at the Collins & Mitchell textbook

License This spreadsheet is in the public domain and may be used/modified by anyone.

Notes: To make the whole table of beta-theta, press the big red button below.

Notes: To use this, fill in the yellow input values below, and click the "minimize cost" button.

A box will appear indicating if a solution was found, and this may be accepted with the "ok" button.
Occasionally, entering new values in the top yellow section, or on solution will cause red writing to show up explai
is crushing. In that case, go down to the lower yellow square (the initial estimate of theta), and change that value
degrees. That should make the red warning go away, and allow the optimization to work when the button is press

Input Values
Value Unit Equation
ex strain -0.200 x10-3 User Entry
Concrete Strength 10000 psi User Entry
Shear Stress ratio 0.250 (v/f'c) User Entry

Activate Optimization Function to solve:


Minimize Cost

Optimal Results
Value Unit Notes
theta 27.5 degrees
beta 2.450 psi
cost 333.629 units

Do Magic
this activates the theta-sweep. Make total plot of ex. Make ex line
Theta-Sweep

Calculation
Value Unit Spreadsheet Equation
Constants for analysis
Check for Concrete Crush

Initial Guess of Theta 27.49 degrees


tan(q) 0.520 =TAN(theta)
cot(q) 1.922 =1/TAN(theta)
sqrt(fc')/fc' 0.01000 psi =SQRT(fcp)/fcp

Solve Transverse Equilibrium


Estimate e1 f1/fc' f2/fc' f2max/fc' Check
First iteration e1 value 0.300 0.0288 0.582 1.000 0.582
Iteration: 2 1.670 0.0209 0.590 0.923 0.590
3 2.010 0.0200 0.591 0.876 0.591
4 2.232 0.0195 0.591 0.848 0.591
97 2.783 0.0184 0.592 0.785 0.592
98 2.783 0.0184 0.592 0.785 0.592
99 2.783 0.0184 0.592 0.785 0.592
Final Iteration (100th) 2.783 0.0184 0.592 0.785 0.592

Final Values e1 2.783 x10-3 tensile strain in concrete


f1/fc' 0.018 psi/psi tensile stress in concrete
f2/fc' 0.592 psi/psi compressive stress in concrete
f2max/fc' 0.785 psi/psi maximum allowable compressive stress in concrete
e2 -1.008 x10 -3
compressive strain in concrete

Transverse Reinforcement

transverse strain 1.98 x10-3 =e_1+e_2-ex


max shear on crack: 0.024 psi/psi =2.16*fcpofcp/(0.3+0.209*e_1)
stirrup stress: linear 57288 psi =29000*e_t
stirrup stress: yield 60000 psi User Specified
final stirrup stress 5.729 psi/psi =IF(H172>0,MIN(H172,H173)/fcp,0.00000

Design Stirrups

Base amount 1.951 % Equation 1 for stirrup percentage


lower limit 1.956 % Equation 2 for stirrup percentage
min limit 0.000 Lower limit to ensure that stirrups are not n
Selected Amount 1.956 % Larger of above two expressions

FLAG of crack slip:


Calculate beta/theta
beta 2.4498 psi
calculate shear on crack ratio 0.0245 psi/psi
minimum vci 0.0000
calculate required long. Steel 8.79 %
incremental rho-z 1.38 %
min including zero steel 8.79 %

Cost function

K factor 0 arbitrary units


Cost Value 333.6 arbitrary units
einforcement

also available as "control-i"

the "ok" button.


e red writing to show up explaining that the concrete
theta), and change that value to, say, 45
work when the button is pressed again.

Notes
name: ex
name: fcp
name: ssr

This makes the whole table! It'll take a little time though
Make ex line locate 11 Make FULL TABLE

Notes
Additional warning space if crushing

If warning appears, select 45 degrees manually


name: tanth
name: cotth
just a helper as it's used a few times called fcpofcp

e2 New e1 Crush Flag


-0.71 1.67 0
-0.80 2.01 0
-0.86 2.23 0 (hidden cells)
-0.90 2.38 0
-1.01 2.78 0
-1.01 2.78 0 (hidden cells)
-1.01 2.78 0
-1.01 2.78 0
Sum: 0 (Note that if this is > 0, we have crushed)

mpressive stress in concrete

cp/(0.3+0.209*e_1)

0,MIN(H172,H173)/fcp,0.000001) this ensures that stirrups are in tension

for stirrup percentage


for stirrup percentage
to ensure that stirrups are not negative
bove two expressions

FLAG of crack slip: 1 (not used)


Results page. This page holds the results of the theta-sweep.. Costs for each value of theta…

min cost: 334.2


base optimal theta 27.5
optimal beta 2.389
2500000000

copy theta beta cost cost/min slipflag;


0 14 0 2000000000
0 14.5 0

cost
0 15 0
1500000000
0 15.5 0
0 16 0
0 16.5 0 1000000000
0 17 0
0 17.5 0
0 18 0 500000000
0 18.5 0
0 19 0
0 19.5 0 0
0 20 0 10 15 20
0 20.5 0
0 21 0
0 21.5 0
0 22 0
0 22.5 0
0 23 0 3
0 23.5 0
0 24 0 2.5
0 24.5 0
0 25 0
beta
2
0 25.5 0
0 26 0
0 26.5 0 1.5
0 27 0
334.17599 27.5 2.3891492 334.17599 1 1
393.02669 28 -4.104284 393.02669 1.1761069
453.65604 28.5 -10.51062 453.65604 1.3575363
521.58246 29 -17.42918 521.58246 1.5608017 0.5
599.79767 29.5 -25.14266 599.79767 1.7948557
691.22237 30 -33.9029 691.22237 2.0684382 0
772.46838 30.5 -41.26079 772.46838 2.3115616 10 15 20
858.00465 31 -48.73867 858.00465 2.5675233 0 0
957.96638 31.5 -57.31735 957.96638 2.8666523
1075.5872 32 -67.23886 1075.5872 3.218625
1215.1322 32.5 -78.82222 1215.1322 3.6362045
1382.3451 33 -92.49687 1382.3451 4.1365783
1585.1491 33.5 -108.8551 1585.1491 4.7434561
1834.7895 34 -128.7372 1834.7895 5.4904887
2147.7792 34.5 -153.3771 2147.7792 6.42709
2549.3926 35 -184.6632 2549.3926 7.6288923
3080.3674 35.5 -225.6391 3080.3674 9.2178
3810.8674 36 -281.5469 3810.8674 11.403774
4872.9124 36.5 -362.2496 4872.9124 14.581875
6547.823 37 -488.7646 6547.823 19.593936
9560.4844 37.5 -715.2473 9560.4844 28.60913
16522.45 38 -1236.805 16522.45 49.442361
49503.884 38.5 -3702.282 49503.884 148.13717
1.74E+09 39 -1.29E+08 1.74E+09 5214822
1.78E+09 39.5 -1.29E+08 1.78E+09 5315100
1.81E+09 40 -1.29E+08 1.81E+09 5416999
1.84E+09 40.5 -1.3E+08 1.84E+09 5520565
1.88E+09 41 -1.3E+08 1.88E+09 5625843
1.92E+09 41.5 -1.3E+08 1.92E+09 5732882
1.95E+09 42 -1.3E+08 1.95E+09 5841731
1.99E+09 42.5 -1.3E+08 1.99E+09 5952440
2.03E+09 43 -1.3E+08 2.03E+09 6066830
2.07E+09 43.5 -1.31E+08 2.07E+09 6189890
2.11E+09 44 -1.31E+08 2.11E+09 6315006
2.15E+09 44.5 -1.31E+08 2.15E+09 6442248
2.2E+09 45 -1.32E+08 2.2E+09 6571691
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
cost vs theta
0000

0000

0000

0000

0000

0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
theta (degrees)

beta vs theta

15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
theta (degrees)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
This is the dynamically calculated table of beta/theta

AASHTO THETA values 10,000 psi

v/f'c \ ex -0.2 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.5 2


0.05
0.075 22.3 20.4 21 21.8 24.3 26.6 30.5 33.7 36.4 40.8 43.9
0.1 18.1 20.4 21.4 22.5 24.9 27.1 30.8 34 36.7 40.8 43.1
0.125 19.9 21.9 22.8 23.7 25.9 27.9 31.4 34.4 37 41 43.2
0.15 21.6 23.3 24.2 25 26.9 28.8 32.1 34.9 37.3 40.5 42.8
0.175 23.2 24.7 25.5 26.2 28 29.7 32.7 35.2 36.8 39.7 42.2
0.2 24.7 26.1 26.7 27.4 29 30.6 32.8 34.5 36.1 39.2 41.7
0.225 26.1 27.3 27.9 28.5 30 30.8 32.3 34 35.7 38.8 41.4
0.25 27.5 28.6 29.1 29.7 30.6 31.3 32.8 34.3 35.8 38.6 41.2

AASHTO beta values

v/f'c \ ex -0.2 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.5 2


0.05
0.075 6.32 4.75 4.10 3.75 3.24 2.94 2.59 2.38 2.23 1.95 1.67
0.1 3.79 3.38 3.24 3.14 2.91 2.75 2.50 2.32 2.18 1.93 1.69
0.125 3.18 2.99 2.94 2.87 2.74 2.62 2.42 2.26 2.13 1.90 1.67
0.15 2.88 2.79 2.78 2.72 2.60 2.52 2.36 2.21 2.08 1.82 1.61
0.175 2.73 2.66 2.65 2.60 2.52 2.44 2.28 2.14 1.96 1.71 1.54
0.2 2.63 2.59 2.52 2.51 2.43 2.37 2.14 1.94 1.79 1.61 1.47
0.225 2.53 2.45 2.42 2.40 2.34 2.14 1.86 1.73 1.64 1.51 1.39
0.25 2.39 2.39 2.33 2.33 2.12 1.93 1.70 1.58 1.50 1.38 1.29

AASHTO-94 THETA values

v/fc' -0.2 -0.15 -0.1 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.5 2


0.05 27 27 27 27 27 28.5 29 33 36 41 43
0.075 27 27 27 27 27 27.5 30 33.5 36 40 42
0.1 23.5 23.5 23.5 23.5 24 26.5 30.5 34 36 38 39
0.125 20 21 22 23.5 26 28 31.5 34 36 37 38
0.15 22 22.5 23.5 25 27 29 32 34 36 36.5 37
0.175 23.5 24 25 26.5 28 30 32.5 34 35 35.5 36
0.2 25 25.5 26.5 27.8 29 31 33 34 34.5 35 36
0.225 26.5 27 27.5 29 30.5 32 33 34 34.5 36.5 39
0.25 28 28.5 29 30 31 32 33 34 35.5 38.5 41.5

AASHTO-94 beta values

v/fc' -0.2 -0.15 -0.1 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.5 2


0.05 6.78 6.17 5.63 4.88 3.99 3.49 2.59 2.37 2.23 1.95 1.72
0.075 6.78 6.17 5.63 4.88 3.65 3.01 2.47 2.33 2.16 1.9 1.65
0.1 6.5 5.87 5.31 3.26 2.61 2.54 2.41 2.28 2.09 1.72 1.45
0.125 2.71 2.71 2.71 2.6 2.57 2.5 2.37 2.18 2.01 1.6 1.35
0.15 2.66 2.61 2.61 2.55 2.5 2.45 2.28 2.06 1.93 1.5 1.24
0.175 2.58 2.58 2.54 2.5 2.41 2.39 2.2 1.95 1.74 1.35 1.11
0.2 2.518 2.49 2.48 2.45 2.37 2.33 2.1 1.82 1.58 1.21 1
0.225 2.45 2.38 2.43 2.37 2.33 2.27 1.92 1.67 1.43 1.18 1.14
0.25 2.38 2.32 2.36 2.3 2.28 2.01 1.64 1.52 1.4 1.3 1.25
Theta vs Shear
45
theta (degrees)

40

35

old
v/f'c
30 theta beta
0.05 27.3 6.78
0.075 26.6 6.78
0.1 23.5 6.5
0.125 20 2.71
25
0.15 21.9 2.66
0.175 23.5 2.59
0.2 25.1 2.55
0.225 26.5 2.45
20
0.25 28 2.36

15
0.05 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.21 0.23
Shear stress ratio

Beta vs shear
7.00

6.00

5.00
beta

4.00
6.00

5.00

beta
4.00

3.00

2.00

1.00
0.075 0.095 0.115 0.135 0.155 0.175 0.195 0.215 0.235
shear stress ratio
beta vs ex strain
7

5
beta

.19 0.21 0.23 0.25 0


-0.3 0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5
ex strain (mm/m)

Theta vs ex
50
theta (degrees)

45

40

35

30
theta (deg
40

35

30

25

20

5 0.215 0.235 15
-0.3 0.2 0.7 1.2
ex strain (mm/m)
rain

1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1


m)
1.2 1.7
/m)

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