VII - CALCULATIONS

WHEN WATER LEVEL IS ABOVE THE UPPER EDGE OF THE RECTANGULAR AREA
𝑊𝑥𝐿
ℎ𝑝 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑅 −𝑅 − (𝑅𝑂 − 𝑅1 )
𝜌 𝑔( 𝑂 2 1 +ℎ )𝐴

𝐼𝑐 𝑏ℎ3
𝑦𝑝 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 𝑦𝑐 + ; 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝐼𝑐 =
𝑦𝑐 𝐴 12

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN hp (EXPERIMENT) AND yp (THEORETICAL) IS CALCULATED AS:

ℎ𝑃 ( 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 ) − 𝑦𝑝 ( 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 )
% 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | × 100
𝑦𝑝 ( 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 )

TRIAL 1

5.8 ( 0.28 )
ℎ𝑝 = − (0.10 − 0.096 )
0.2 − 0.1 −6
1000 ( 9.81 ) ( + 0.096 ) (75)( 100 )( 10 )
2

= 147.18 𝑚𝑚
𝐼𝑐
𝑦𝑝 = 𝑦𝑐 + ; ℎ𝑐 = 𝑦𝑐 = 0.096 + 0.05 = 0.146
𝑦𝑐 𝐴

0.075 ( 0.10 )3
𝑦𝑝 = 0.146 +
12 ( 0.146 )( 75 × 100 )(10−6 )

= 151.71 𝑚𝑚
147.18 − 151.71
% 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = × 100
151.71

= 2.99 %

TRIAL 2

5.3 ( 0.28 )
ℎ𝑝 = − (0.10 − 0.082 )
0.2 − 0.1 −6
1000 ( 9.81 ) ( + 0.082 ) (75)( 100 )( 10 )
2

= 134.8 𝑚𝑚
𝐼𝑐
𝑦𝑝 = 𝑦𝑐 + ; ℎ𝑐 = 𝑦𝑐 = 0.082 + 0.05 = 0.132
𝑦𝑐 𝐴

0.075 ( 0.10 )3
𝑦𝑝 = 0.132 +
12 ( 0.132 )( 75 × 100 )(10−6 )

= 138.31 𝑚𝑚
 134.8 − 138.31
% 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = × 100
138.31

= 2.54 %

TRIAL 3

4.8 ( 0.28 )
ℎ𝑝 = − (0.10 − 0.070 )
0.2 − 0.1 −6
1000 ( 9.81 ) ( + 0.070 ) (75)( 100 )( 10 )
2

= 122.23 𝑚𝑚
𝐼𝑐
𝑦𝑝 = 𝑦𝑐 + ; ℎ𝑐 = 𝑦𝑐 = 0.070 + 0.05 = 0.12
𝑦𝑐 𝐴

0.075 ( 0.10 )3
𝑦𝑝 = 0.12 +
12 ( 0.12 )( 75 × 100 )(10−6 )

= 126.94 𝑚𝑚
122.23 − 126.94
% 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = × 100
126.94

= 3.71 %

TRIAL 4

4.3 ( 0.28 )
ℎ𝑝 = − (0.10 − 0.056 )
0.2 − 0.1 −6
1000 ( 9.81 ) ( + 0.056 ) (75)( 100 )( 10 )
2

= 110.38 𝑚𝑚
𝐼𝑐
𝑦𝑝 = 𝑦𝑐 + ; ℎ𝑐 = 𝑦𝑐 = 0.056 + 0.05 = 0.106
𝑦𝑐 𝐴

0.075 ( 0.10 )3
𝑦𝑝 = 0.106 +
12 ( 0.106 )( 75 × 100 )(10−6 )

= 113.86 𝑚𝑚
110.38 − 113.86
% 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = × 100
113.86

= 3.06 %
WHEN WATER LEVEL IS BELOW THE UPPER EDGE OF THE RECTANGULAR AREA
𝑊𝑥𝐿
ℎ𝑝 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑅 −(𝑅 +ℎ ) − (𝑅1 − ℎ )
𝜌 𝑔( 𝑂 2 1 +ℎ )[(𝑅𝑂 −𝑅1 )−ℎ ] 𝑤

𝐼𝑐 𝑏ℎ3
𝑦𝑝 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 𝑦𝑐 + ; 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝐼𝑐 =
𝑦𝑐 𝐴 12

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN hp (EXPERIMENT) AND yp (THEORETICAL) IS CALCULATED AS:

ℎ𝑃 ( 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 ) − 𝑦𝑝 ( 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 )
% 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | × 100
𝑦𝑝 ( 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 )

TRIAL 5

ℎ = 92 𝑚𝑚, ℎ2 = 3 𝑚𝑚
2 ( 0.28 )
ℎ𝑝 = − (0.1 − 0.003 )
0.2 − ( 0.1 + 0.003 )
1000 ( 9.81 ) [ ] [ ( 0.2 − 0.1) − 0.003 ](0.075 )
2

= 0.058787 𝑚 = 58.787 𝑚𝑚
𝑦𝑐 = 0.05 − 0.003 = 0.047 𝑚

0.075 ( 0.097 )3
𝑦𝑝 = 0.047 +
12 ( 0.047 )( 75 )( 97 )(10−6 )

= 0.063683 𝑚 = 63.683 𝑚𝑚
58.787 − 63.683
% 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | × 100
63.683

= 7.68 %
TRIAL 6

ℎ = 83 𝑚𝑚, ℎ2 = 17 𝑚𝑚
1.5 ( 0.28 )
ℎ𝑝 = − (0.1 − 0.017 )
0.2 − ( 0.1 + 0.017 )
1000 ( 9.81 ) [ ] [ ( 0.2 − 0.1) − 0.017 ](0.075 )
2

= 0.048727 𝑚 = 48.727 𝑚𝑚
𝑦𝑐 = 0.05 − 0.017 = 0.033 𝑚

0.075 ( 0.083 )3
𝑦𝑝 = 0.033 +
12 ( 0.033 )( 75 )( 83 )(10−6 )
 = 0.050396 𝑚 = 50.396 𝑚𝑚
48.727 − 50.396
% 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | × 100
50.396

= 3.31 %
TRIAL 7

ℎ = 67 𝑚𝑚, ℎ2 = 0.033 𝑚𝑚
1 ( 0.28 )
ℎ𝑝 = − (0.1 − 0.033 )
0.2 − ( 0.1 + 0.033 )
1000 ( 9.81 ) [ ] [ ( 0.2 − 0.1) − 0.033 ](0.075 )
2

= 0.036554 𝑚 = 36.554 𝑚𝑚
𝑦𝑐 = 0.05 − 0.033 = 0.017 𝑚

0.075 ( 0.067 )3
𝑦𝑝 = 0.017 +
12 ( 0.017 )( 75 )( 67 )(10−6 )

= 0.0390049 𝑚 = 39.0049 𝑚𝑚
36.554 − 39.0049
% 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | × 100
39.0049

= 6.28 %
TRIAL 8

ℎ = 47 𝑚𝑚, ℎ2 = 0.053 𝑚𝑚
0.5 ( 0.28 )
ℎ𝑝 = − (0.1 − 0.053 )
0.2 − ( 0.1 + 0.053 )
1000 ( 9.81 ) [ ] [ ( 0.2 − 0.1) − 0.053 ](0.075 )
2

= 0.01928 𝑚 = 19.28 𝑚𝑚
𝑦𝑐 = | 0.05 − 0.053 | = 0.033 𝑚

0.075 ( 0.047 )3
𝑦𝑝 = 0.033 +
12 ( 0.003 )( 75 )( 47 )(10−6 )

= 0.064361 𝑚 = 64.36 𝑚𝑚
19.28 − 64.36
% 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = | | × 100
64.36

= 70.04 %
VIII – CONCLUSION

Other than the conventional theoretical method of determining the

center of pressure of a fully submerged or partially submerged surface, the
hydrostatic apparatus can also be used to understand and calculate the
change of center of pressure distance for the following weight and water
depth.

IX – DISCUSSION

In our experiment, we were asked to determine the center of pressure

acting on the vertical plane surface immersed in water using hydrostatic
pressure apparatus. The values of the weight, height and the vertical distance to
the centroid were essential data for computing the theoretical and
experimental depth of center of pressure. There were two ways to perform the
experiment, it’s either you place the weights first and pour water into the tank or
having the water level first then finding the weight were the lever arm is leveled,
then, we decided to do the first option since it was much easier to level the
lever arm of the weights by pouring or removing water from the tank. So, we
starter off by adjusting the counter weight balance to make sure that it is initially
parallel to the surface of the tank, that is connected by a rod to where you’ll
place the weights. Since the rod/lever arm of the weights is now leveled, we
proceeded by placing the weight then adjusting the height of the water level
by removing and adding water to the tank until the lever arm is again parallel to
the tank. This procedure is repeated four times when the vertical surface is fully
submerged and another four trials when the water level is below the edge of
the submerged surface thus having different results for each trial. As we
obtained the result for the theoretical and its corresponding experimental value,
we observed that there was a difference between these values, the cause of
these errors might be due to the error of reading the measurement of the fluid
height inside the tank or it could be because the apparatus was not sitting level
on the table to where the experiment was performed.