B.ARCH.

DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER /DECEMBER 2015

DESIGN OF STRUCUTRES – I
(Regulation 2013)
PART – A
1. Mention Any Four commercial forms of timbers as a building material.
The timber is converted into suitable commercial sizes. Following are various
forms in which the timber is available in the market.
 Batten * log
 Baulk * plank
 Board * pole
 Deal * quartering
 End * scantling

2. List out the types of roofs in general.

 Pitched or sloping roofs
 Flat or terraced roofs
 Curved roofs

3. Mention the important assumptions for designing elements / structures.

 Elastic theory of bending or straight line theory
 Ultimate load theory

4. List out the types of joints for steel connection.

 Riveted joint
 Bolted joint
 Welded joint

5. Define the term eccentricity and mention its effect.

When the load acts away from the centroid of a member then it is called as
an eccentrically loaded structure.

6. Write down the types of stresses on structural members.

 Tensile stresses
 Compressive stresses
 Thermal stresses

7. Mention the use of lug angle.

They produce eccentric connections, due to rivets placed along lug angle. The
centroid of the rivet system of the connection shifts, causing eccentric connection
and bending moments. Stress distribution in the rivets connecting lug angles is not
uniform. It is preferred to put a lug angle at the beginning of the connection where
 they are more effective and not at the middle or at the end of the connection. Rivets
on the lug angles are not as efficient as those on the main member. The out-standing
leg of the lug angle usually gets deformed and so the load shared by the rivets on the
lug angles is proportionately less.

8. Under what circumstances built – up sections are used?

When none of the standard rolled shapes are large enough; that is , the cross
section does not have enough area or moment of inertia, in such circumstances built
– up sections are used.

9. What are the functions of a Tee – beam?

A T- beam or (tee beam) used in construction is a load bearing structure of
reinforced concrete, wood or metal, with a t – shaped cross section. The web of the
beam below the compression flange serves to resist shear stress and to provide
greater separation for the coupled forces of bending.

10. Define the term efficiency of the joint.

After calculating the number of rivets and the pitch, a rivet pattern is decided
and the efficiency of the joint computed, which gives an idea of the strength of the
joint
 B.ARCH. DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY /JUNE 2014
DESIGN OF STRUCUTRES – I
(Regulation 2009/2010)
PART – A
1. What is grading of timber?
The cut sizes of structural timber shall be graded, after seasoning, in
accordance with IS 1331: 1975 into the following three grades:
a) Select grade,
b) Grade I, and
c) Grade II.
Grade 1: The estimated effect in reduction of the basic strength of timber is
Not more than 12.5 percent.
Grade 2: The estimated effect in reduction of the basic strength of timber is
Not more than 25 percent.
Grade 3: The estimated effect in reduction of the basic strength of timber is
Not more than 37.5 percent.

2. What is meant by seasoning of timber?

The process of drying timber or removing moisture or sap from a freshly
felled tree, is called seasoning of timber.

3. List out the types of joints used in steel structures.

 Lap joint
 Butt joint

4. What is the use of fillet weld joints?

 Fillet welds are provided when two members to be joined are in different
planes.
 Fillet welds are preferred in lightly stressed members.
 Fillet welds are easier to make as it requires less surface preparation.

5. What do you understand by the term “effective area”?

The gross sectional area for all compression members fabricated by welding,
bolting and riveting so long as the section is semi – compact or better. Holes not
fitted with rivets, bolts or pins shall be deducted from gross area to calculate
effective sectional area

6. What is the limit of deflection while designing a tension member?

The maximum deflection of the beam is limited to span / 320
7. Define radius of gyration?
Radius of Gyration (k) is the distance from the axis of rotation to the point
Where the entire area may be assumed to be concentrated.
Kx= v (Ix /A)
Ky= v (Iy / A)

8. What is meant by a strut?

In general, a structural member subjected to an axial compressive force is
called a column. The vertical compression members in buildings are called columns,
posts or stanchions. The compression members in roof trusses are called struts.

9. What do you understand by the term compound beam?

A beam consisting of smaller components that have been assembled and
fastened together to function as a single unit.

10. What is the use of purlin?

Purlins are horizontal structures that are used to support the load from the
roof deck or the sheeting.
 B.ARCH. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER /DECEMBER 2015
DESIGN OF STRUCUTRES – I
(Regulation 2009/2010)
PART – A
1. Mention the purpose of grading of timber.
Grading into different strength classes allows the best possible use to be
made of the various timber dimensions. This ensures that timber is unsuitable due to
low strength, twist, wrap or springs is not used structurally.
Three methods of grading structural timber are employed
 Machine stress grading
 Visual grading
 Proof grading.

2. Mention few commercial forms of timber used for construction.

The timber is converted into suitable commercial sizes. Following are various forms
in which the timber is available in the market.
 Batten * log
 Baulk * plank
 Board * pole
 Deal * quartering
 End * scantling
3. Define the term efficiency of the joint.
After calculating the number of rivets and the pitch, a rivet pattern is decided
and the efficiency of the joint computed, which gives an idea of the strength of the
joint

4. Define slenderness ratio.

It is defined as the ratio of effective length l of the column to the least radius
Of gyration r of the column section.

5. Define eccentricity and mention its effects.

When the load acts away from the centroid of a member then it is called as
an eccentrically loaded structure.

6. Classify tension and compression members.

 Tension member: It is classified according to its shape and size and it
depends upon the type ofStructures. Wires and cables – Used in hoists, derricks,
suspenders in suspension bridges Rods and bars – Used in radio tower, small
spanned roof trusses with different cross-sections such as round, rectangular or
square
Compression member: Compression members are the most common
structural elements and it is termed as columns, struts, posts or stanchions. They are
designed to resist axial compression.

7. What is tension splice and mention its usage.

Splicing of tension members is necessary when the required length of the
member is more than the length available or when the member has different cross-
sections for different parts of its length. If actual member is to be of greater length,
two or more lengths shall have to be spliced at the joints.

8. Write the importance of connections.

Connections are critical structural elements of building frames, and in a fire
are subject to forces very different from those at the ambient temperature for which
they are designed. The fracture of a connection can cause the collapse of the
connected beam, which may lead to a progressive collapse sequence affecting the
entire building.

9. Write any four important properties of steel.

 It can be magnetised permanently
 It can be readily forged and welded
 It cannot be easily hardened and tempered
 It has fibrous structure
 It rusts easily and rapidly
10. Define section modulus.
Section modulus is a geometric property for a given cross-section used in the
design of beams or flexural members.
Z = bd3 / 12