Transition Year Biology

Michaelmas 2019

Revision Plan

Life and organisation of life

Chemistry of Life
Energy of Life
1. Explain the importance of Chlorophyll and Water for life on earth.

2. Describe how you can extract chlorophyll pigments from plant tissue.

3. Explain the difference between the terms autotroph and heterotroph.

4. Give the word equations for respiration and photosynthesis. Explain the relationship
between the two equations.
Diversity of Living Things
Sample Questions

Euglena is a simple single organism belonging to the Kingdom

Protista. It lives in both fresh and salt water, moving about using
a whip-like tail called a flagella. Euglena use their chloroplasts to
produce nutrients through photosynthesis. It is a dual organism
as it can act both as an autotroph (make its own food) and
heterotroph (Feed on other substances).

What other kingdom will you find organisms which contain

chloroplasts.………………………………………………………………

Give one distinguishing feature of the Kingdom Fungi.

………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Salmonella, E. Coli and Listeria: these causes of food poisoning are …………………………………
examples of what type of Micro-organsim?
Penicillin, yeast and mould are examples of what type …………………………………
of micro-organism?
Smallpox is a viral disease which has been eradicated through a global vaccination program.
What does the eradicated mean?
…………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………

You have been diagnosed with Strep throat (a streptococcal infection), a sore throat caused
by bacteria. What course of treatment might your GP prescribe and why?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

What is a vaccination and how does it work?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

In class we grew cultures of micro-organisms using nutrient

agar in petri dishes. The picture shows a nutrient Agar plate
with micro-organisms growing on it?
What purpose does the Agar have when growing bacteria
culture?
………………………………..………………………………………………..

………………………………..……………………………………………….
Name two type of micro-organisms which will grow?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
How would you distinguish between them?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………..

Name three conditions or factors needed for bacteria to grow.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………..………………..

Do bacteria reproduce asexually or sexually? ………………………………………………..…………………………

What is name is given to the way bacteria reproduce?………………………..…………………………………

Complete the following table by giving one useful and one harmful effect of both bacteria
and fungi.

Bacteria Fungi

Useful Harmful Useful Harmful

Vaccines
1. List disease that are caused by bacteria virus and fungi
2. Explain the difference between a vaccine and an antibiotic.
3. Give your own personal view point on vaccinations.
 Cells and the Microscope
1. Cells can be classified as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Give two features of eukaryotic
cells which distinguish them from prokaryotic cells.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2. Give one example of each type of cell.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

3. Give examples unicellular organisms and describe them briefly.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4. Label the diagram of the cell and give the function of each component
Genetics Basics
Outline the process of extracting DNA from Plant Tissue

Genetic Crosses
Chromosome ……………………………………………………………………………..

Gene………………………………………………………………………………………..

Allele.....................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

Genotype ...........................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

Phenotype. ....................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

Heterozygous ......................................................................................................................

Homozygous........................................................................................................................

In a flowering plant Red Petals (R) is dominant over Yellow petals (s). Two parent
plants are crossed, one heterozygous for petal colour length and the other a Yellow
petaled plant.

i What is the genotype of the yellow plant? .......................................

ii List the possible gametes that each parent can produce.

Parent 1 ...........................................................................................

Parent 2 ...........................................................................................

iii) Use a Punnett square to work out the possible genotypes and
phenotypes of their offspring. (12)
Genetic Engineering
Discuss the pro’s and con’s of genetic engineering

Genetic Disorders

Essay on a genetic disorder- facts/Information on the disorder, Genetic Cause, Effect, Impact
on family, Current treatment /solutions/ aids

Mutation and Genetic Disorders

Explain what is meant by the term Genetic mutation.

Mutagens are chemical or physical agents that induce or increase the frequency of mutations
in an organism. Give three examples of Mutagens.

Name genetic disorders resulting from chromosomal abnormalities.

What are Karyotypes?

GENETIC MODIFICATION

What is a GMO

Explain the difference between – Transgenic and Cisgenic organisms

Why do we genetically modify food?

In your opinion should we be genetically modifying food for human consumption? Make
reference to the examples above.

Do you see benefits in modify crops to be herbicide and pesticide resistant?

If you were to create your own modified food what would you create and why?

Evolution and Natural Selection

Define the following

Variation ………………………………………………………………………………………….

Adaptation ……………………………………………………………………….………………….

Natural Selection ………………………………………………………….………………………

Explain how fossil evidence and comparative anatomy have help us to understand evolution.